Objectives. on managing green spaces and mitigating the effects of UHIs.

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2 Background UHIs are becoming a serious concern even in developing countries. It was observed that there is an urban-rural temperature difference of 4 in Johor Bahru city. It was confirmed that green areas play a significant role in creating cool spots and dividing the UHIs. In Malaysia, 32% of the population are children as of It is particularly important to educate children, who are the future main stakeholders, for promoting green areas, thus a more sustainable society.

3 Objectives 1. To initiate the awareness of children for importance of green spaces through conducting workshops. 2. To develop an educational program for children on managing green spaces and mitigating the effects of UHIs. 3. To understand children s views on their neighborhood environments and promote their inclusion in planning green spaces.

4 Case study area Taman Bukit Indah Malaysia Relatively new (2000s) but a typical neighborhood. 1km away from the CBD. Sample: 0 children aged years old. School Residential block Community park

5 Case study area Community Park Possible children s trail Pocket Park 2 Residential blocks Pocket Park 1 School

6 Project schedule Preliminary Questionnaire Sep 2010 Understand children s favorite/less favorite places in their neighborhood. Investigate children s activities and interests in global and neighborhood environments. Workshop 1 6 Oct 2010 Town watching: walk around their neighborhood in group with taking pictures. Observe favorite/less favorite places. Workshop 2 1 Nov 2010 Temperature recording: visit the favorite/less favorite places with a thermometer in group. Investigate their thermal conditions through the measurement. Workshop 3 18 Jan 2011 Model-making: propose a greening plan in group by making a simple physical model. Follow-up Tree planning: plant trees in their neighborhood.

7 Sep 2010 Preliminary questionnaire Purpose To understand children s favorite/less favorite places Activities A questionnaire was carried out to 140 children of 4 th and th grade in SK Taman Bukit Indah. Their favorite/less favorite places were marked on the map with reasons.

8 Favorite places Less favorite places % scale

9 Analysis of favorite/less favorite places Park area Avenue Residential area Commercial area Park area Avenue Residential area Commercial area Favorite places: there were some common places where many children choose. But there were more places that were selected individually. Less favorite places: there are many places that were chosen by several children together. They have common recognition on problem places.

10 6 Oct 2010 Workshop1: Town watching Purpose To visit children s favorite/less favorite places in group with taking pictures. Activities Divided children into 10 groups of children. The groups walked from their school to the town park with a camera and map. During the walk, children checked their favorite/less places on the map and took pictures.

11 Favorite places: Location and reasons Frequency clean good scenery a lot of trees shady be able to play be able to running fresh air nice play equipment beautiful frowers beautiful trees comfortable large ground roof and bench for rest safety maintained sidewalk percentage 3% % 2% 20% 1% 10% % 0% favorite places safety hygiene convenience comfort green environment category

12 Less favorite places: Location and reasons 問題のある場所の理由数 ゴミ遊具 設備の破損汚い危険悪臭ごみの焼却壊れた遊具 設備が危ない野犬不快誘拐静か暗くて怖い横断歩道がない車の交通量が多い景観が悪い percentage 3% % 2% 20% 1% 10% % 0% problem places safety hygiene convenience comfort green category environment

13 1 Nov 2010 Workshop 2: Field measurement Purpose To let children experience thermal effects of green spaces and roles of trees in their neighborhood through field measurement. Activities Divided children into 10 groups as before. Walked from school to the town park with measuring air temperature, humidity, thermal comfort, and wind comfort. Gave a lecture on the importance of green area and UHI.

14 Places for field measurements Commercial1 Yellow dots show the places for field measurement. Town Park Small park3 Residential1 This figure shows the categories of measurement places. Category of measurement places Commercial2 Avenue1 Residential2 Small park1 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 41% 2% 34% Park Avenue Residential area Residential7 Small park4 Residential6 Avenue2 Residential Avenue3 Residential3 Small pqrk2 Residential4 No. Area No. Area 1 Town park 9 Residential1 2 Small park1 10 Residential2 3 Small park2 11 Residential3 4 Small park3 12 Residential4 Small park4 13 Residential 6 Avenue1 14 Residential6 7 Avenue2 1 Residential7 8 Avenue3 16 Commercial1 17 Commercial2 This figure shows the percentage of measurement places by category. Park Avenue Residential area Percentage of field measurement places 0% 10% 20% % 40% 0% 19% 10% 7% 1% 4% 10% 8% 6% 4% 3% 13% % 6% 2% Town park small park1 small park2 small park3 small park4 avenue 1 avenue 2 avenue 3 residental 1 residental 2 residental 3 residental 4 residental residental 6

15 Results: Air temperature This map shows air temperature measured by the children. These color dots show the degree of air temperature Average air temperature 34 Air temperature [ ] Town park small park1 small park2 small park3 small park4 avenue 1 avenue 2 avenue 3 residental 1 residental 2 residental 3 residental 4 residental residental 6 : Shaded places : Non-shaded places Air temperature distribution map

16 Thermal comfort level distribution map Results: Thermal comfort level This map shows thermal comfort level that children felt. These color dots show the degree of the levels. Cool Hot Thermal comfort level scales Thermal comfort level Town park small park1 small park2 small park3 small park4 avenue 1 avenue 2 avenue 3 residental 1 residental 2 residental 3 residental 4 residental residental 6 Cool Hot : Shaded places : Non-shaded places

17 Results: Wind comfort level This map shows wind comfort level that children felt. These color dots show the degree of the levels. Strong Windless Wind comfort level scales Windless Strong Town park small park1 small park2 small park3 Wind comfort level small park4 avenue 1 avenue 2 avenue 3 residental 1 residental 2 Wind comfort level residental 3 residental 4 residental residental 6 : Shaded places : Non-shaded places Wind comfort level distribution map

18 residental 6 residental residental 4 residental 3 Air temperature [ ] Town park 33 small park1 small park2 small park3 small park4 residental residental 4 residental 3 Thermal and Wind comfort level residental 6 Town park small park1 small park2 small park3 small park4 residental 2 avenue 1 residental 2 avenue 1 residental 1 avenue 3 avenue 2 Air temperature [ ] residental 1 avenue 3 avenue 2 thermal comfort level wind comfort level

19 Questionnaire about the tree planting Where do you want to plant trees? 0% 20% 40% 60% In your house garden Along the road of your house In your school In the nearest playground In this urban park In the small park Other Percentage How big trees do you want to plant? 0% 20% 40% 60% Bigger than your house Questions Same size as your house Smaller than your house Other Percentage

20 18 Jan 2011 Workshop 3: Model making Purpose To let children design and propose greening plan of their neighborhood through making a simple 3D model. Activities Divided children into 10 groups as before. Let children design greening plan in group through making a model using toothpicks and cottons. Classified the size of trees into three. 1. Bigger than a house 2. As same as a house 3. Smaller than a house

21 Results: Distribution of trees planted Commercial1 These yellow dots show the places of trees that children designed. Commercial2 Town Park Avenue1 Small park3 Residential1 Residential2 Small park1 Number of trees Number of trees Residential6 Avenue2 Residential3 Small pqrk2 Town park small park1 small park2 small park3 small park4 avenue 1 avenue 2 avenue 3 residental 1 residental 2 residental 3 residental 4 residental residental 6 residental 7 commercial 1 commercial 2 Residential7 Residential Relationship between air temperature and tree size Small park4 Avenue3 Residential4 No. Area No. Area 1 Town park 9 Residential1 2 Small park1 10 Residential2 3 Small park2 11 Residential3 4 Small park3 12 Residential4 Small park4 13 Residential 6 Avenue1 14 Residential6 7 Avenue2 1 Residential7 8 Avenue3 16 Commercial1 17 Commercial2 Number of the tree bigger than a house as same as a house smaller than a house air temperature [ ] tree planting places Air temperature [ ]

22 Group 1 Title: American Cheetah Concept: Green Environment Group 1 Number of the trees bigger than a house as same as a house smaller than a house air temperature The places trees planted Air temperature [ ]

23 Group 2 Title: Eco-Park Concept: The World of Green Group 2 Number of the trees bigger than a house as same as a house smaller than a house air temperature The places trees planted Air temperature [ ]

24 Group 3 Title: Green Environment Concept: Green Earth Group 3 Number of the trees bigger than a house as same as a house smaller than a house air temperature The places trees planted Air temperature [ ]

25 Group 4 Title: Future of Bukit Indah Concept: Green Nature -Represent the lush and abundance of greenery Number of the trees Group 4 bigger than a house as same as a house smaller than a house air temperature The places trees planted Air temperature [ ]

26 Group Title: The Future Concept: Garden in a City Group Number of the trees bigger than a house as same as a house smaller than a house air temperature The places trees planted Air temperature [ ]

27 Group 6 Title: Beautiful Model Concept: Greener Group 6 Number of the trees bigger than a house as same as a house smaller than a house air temperature The places trees planted Air temperature [ ]

28 Group 7 Title: Go Green Concept: Environmental Friendly, Beautiful and Fun Group 7 Number of the trees bigger than a house as same as a house smaller than a house air temperature The places trees planted Air temperature [ ]

29 Group 8 Title: Redevelopment green route for Bukit Indah Town Park Concept: Green, Green Heaven Number of the trees Group 8 bigger than a house as same as a house smaller than a house air temperature The places trees planted Air temperature [ ]

30 Group 9 Title: Go! Go! Green! Concept: The Green Heartbeat Group 9 Number of the trees bigger than a house as same as a house smaller than a house air temperature The places trees planted Air temperature [ ]

31 Group 10 Title: Be to Green Concept: Green Safety Place Group 10 Number of the trees bigger than a house as same as a house smaller than a house air temperature The places trees planted Air temperature [ ]

32 Analysis Designed by their own ideas A focal point was placed Mainly trees bigger than a house were used The results of previous workshops were well considered Distributed a lot of trees in the residential area

33 Educational effects of the workshops Method Compared their environmental consciousness before and after the workshops by questionnaires. Questions Interest in neighborhood and global environments Individual activities for neighborhood and global environments Community activities for neighborhood and global environments Intention to practice the above activities

34 How much are you interested in each of the following environmental issues in your neighborhood? Interested in: points, Neutral: 3 points, Not interested in: 1 points Interest in neighborhood environments Classify 14 items (left chart) into categories Green Environment Safety Hygiene Comfort Convenience Before workshop After workshop Items especially interest rose Safety against burglar or thief (+1.26) Urban heat island (+1.19) Air pollution (+1.06) Items interest fell Beauty of landscape of your neighborhood (-0.23) Amount of green spaces in your neighborhood (-0.06) Trees and flowers in your house(-0.0) Hygiene (+0.83) Safety (+0.74) Green environment (+0.7) Convenience(+0.23) Comfort(-0.09)

35 How much are you interested in each of the following matters concerning global environment? Interested in: points, Neutral: 3 points, Not interested in: 1 points Interest in global environments Air pollution Shortage of food 0 Global warming Climate change Before workshop After workshop Global warming (+0.76) Shortage food (+0.73) Climate change (+0.48) Air pollution (+0.4)

36 Do you (Are you willing) to practice the following things for improving your neighborhood and global environments in your daily life? Individual activities for neighborhood and global environments Talk about environmental problems with friends or family Pay attention to the news about environmental problems on a TV or in a newspaper Turn off the lights and TV when they are not in use Turn off the tap during tooth brushing Use more public transportation than a private car Use things carefully to be able to use for a long time Select environmental friendly goods when you buy something Usually: points, Sometimes: 3 points, Never: 1 points Talk about environmental problems with friends or family Pay attention to the news about environmental problems on a TV or in a newspaper Turn off the lights and TV when they are not in use Will to practice above activities Turn off the tap during tooth brushing Use more public transportation than a private car Use things carefully to be able to use for a long time Select environmental friendly goods when you buy something Participate community cleaning Grow flowers or trees at home Separate garbage into respective categories Do not use plastic shopping bags Participate community cleaning Grow flowers or trees at home Separate garbage into respective categories Do not use plastic shopping bags Before workshop After workshop Before workshop After workshop Items especially interest rose Grow flowers or trees at home(+0.81) Use more public transportation than a private car (+0.78) Use things carefully to be able to use for a long time (+0.7) Items especially interest rose Do not use plastic shopping bags (+1.03) Separate garbage into respective categories (+0.9) Grow flowers or trees at home(+0.88)

37 Do you (Are you willing) to participate in the following community activities for improving your neighborhood and global environments? Community activities for neighborhood and global environments Clean the public spaces like parks or streets Usually: points, Sometimes: 3 points, Never: 1 points Will to practice above activities Clean the public spaces like parks or streets Recycle, renewable items such as aluminum cans and plastic bottles 1 0 Plant trees or flowers in your neighborhood Recycle, renewable items such as aluminum cans and plastic bottles 1 0 Plant trees or flowers in your neighborhood Study your neighborhood and global environments at school Before workshop After workshop Study your neighborhood and global environments at school Before workshop After workshop Items especially interest rose Study your neighborhood and global environment at school (+1.1) Recycle, renewable items (+0.7) Plant trees or flowers in your neighborhood (+0.63) Clean the public spaces like parks or streets (+0.9) Items especially interest rose Recycle, renewable items (+0.89) Study your neighborhood and global environment at school (+0.4) Plant trees or flowers in your neighborhood (+0.3) Clean the public spaces like parks or streets (+0.29)