RADON CONCENTRATIONS AFFECTED BY DIFFERENT FACTORS IN TWO OFFICE BUILDINGS. Raimo Halonen, Pirjo Korhonen, Pentti Kalliokoski and Helmi Kokotti
|
|
- Linette Ramsey
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Radon in the Living Environment, 25 RADON CONCENTRATIONS AFFECTED BY DIFFERENT FACTORS IN TWO OFFICE BUILDINGS Raimo Halonen, Pirjo Korhonen, Pentti Kalliokoski and Helmi Kokotti Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Kuopio P.O.Box 1627, 7211 Kuopio, Finland In the study, the factors affecting concentrations of radon vertically lines were surveyed in two large office buildings. Integrated concentrations of radon were determined with alpha track etch films (2 months) and continuous monitoring (2-6 days) was carried out with Pylon AB-5 equipment. The effective air exchange rates were analysed by the tracer gas method with an infrared analyser and rates of air flows from vents were measured with a thermoanemometer. Pressure differences were measured with a manometer and temperature differences with thermoelements. Measurements were conducted during springtime Continuously measured levels of radon varied from 17 to 129 Bq m-3. The variation of integrated radon levels including nights and weekends was larger ranging from 2 to 35 Bq m-3. The Finnish limit value of 4 Bq m-3 was not exceeded in any room. Correlation between continuously measured and integrated concentrations of radon was quite high (R2=.8125). Concentration of radon was observed to increase if depressurisation of the room increased, the effect was seen even on the third floor. Expectedly, radon levels were the highest in piping tunnels nearest the soil. However, there were not essential changes in radon levels between different floors. Radon levels correlated with air exchange rate quite good in building A (R2=.489) and only slightly in building B (R2=.542). Theoretical concentrations of radon due to stone building material were generally less than 5 % of measured concentrations. Key words: radon, pressure difference, ventilation, exhalation, concrete INTRODUCTION Radon sources and indoor concentrations in Finland The most important source for indoor radon is soil, and radon enters the buildings through cracks. Depressurisation and ventilation system affect crack flows. The exhalation rates of radon are found to vary between 2 and 32 Bq m -2 h -1 in concrete slab with thickness of,2m (Mustonen 1984). The average of concentration of radon in Finnish dwellings is high, 123 Bq m -3. About half a million (12.3%) Finnish people are exposed to levels exceedings 2 Bq m -3 radon levels in their dwellings. Concentrations of indoor radon is, however, markedly different in different provinces. The highest radon concentrations in Finland are found in Southern-Finland. High levels can also be found elsewhere in Finland, especially in buildings located on the eskers (Arvela 1994). The Finnish Center for Radiation and Nuclear Safety (STUK) started surveying radon levels on the other workplaces than mines at Studies of STUK have hitherto been conducted in 35 workplaces at communes belonging to areas, where over 25% of measured annual average radon levels have exceeded 4 Bq m -3 in dwellings. Radon levels have exceeded 4 Bq m -3 in about 1 % of the 45 urban workplaces. The workplaces studied were mainly located on the ground level (Annanmäki et al., 1996). Korhonen (1997) have found that violation of limit value of 4 Bq m
2 25 Radon in the Living Environment, were somewhat more common in underground workrooms, 17 % of all places. Therefore, it was now investigated how radon concentration varies vertically in multistore buildings. MATERIALS The study buildings Radon concentrations, air exchange rates and pressure differences were measured continuously during several days (from two to six) in rooms of two large multi-floor office buildings. These were located in central Finland where low concentrations of radon are generally found. Measurements were conducted at twelve points of three vertical lines in building A (12 m 3 ) and at six points in two vertical lines in building B (11 m 3 ). The total number of employees in these buildings was approximately 75. The outer walls were made of concrete, insulation layer and brick (the outer surface). The floors and ceilings were constructed from concrete elements. The buildings were constructed on a concrete slab. Around the buildings under the slab located pipe tunnels. Floors and upper floors were cavity slabs (h=.2 m). Frameworks were in-situ concrete walls (h=.2 m) and - columns. Partition wallings were made from brick or from fibreboard and wood. The room volumes varied between 2-15 m 3. Both buildings were equipped with mechanical supply and exhaust ventilation system. The office rooms and rest rooms were equipped with mechanical exhaust vents and supply air was transferred from corridor. Laboratories and classrooms were equipped with mechanical exhaust and supply vents. Ventilation was adjusted to operate in full capacity during working hours (7.-17.) in office rooms and rest rooms. The ventilation of laboratories and classrooms could manually be increased to full capacity when needed. Measurement technique The integrated long-term levels of radon were determined by alpha track etch films (3 films in building A and 2 films in building B) and analysed by STUK. Continuous radon levels were measured with Pylon AB-5 equipment by using Lucas cell method in 18 rooms (12 rooms in building A and 6 rooms in building B). Room volumes, operation of ventilation, constructional knowledge and working time and number of the employees were asked and observed. Pylon AB-5 equipment includes a detector, which was connected to a photomultiplier and a system of data collection based on a microprocessor. The output data of the Pylon detector were processed with SP-55 software run on a PC. Continuous measurements were measured during periods ranging from two days to six days. Alpha films were in the rooms for two months. The pressure differences between outdoor and indoor were monitored by an electronic manometer together with a datalogger. Temperature differences between outdoor and indoor air were measured with thermoelements together with the datalogger. The output data of the manometer and the thermoelement were processed with DecipherPlus- software run on a PC. Temporary air exchange rates (k, h -1 ) in 18 rooms were measured by the tracer gas technique and the dilution method using nitrogendioxylene as the tracer gas and an infrared spectrophotometer (Miran 1A) as the analyser. Exhaust air flows were measured also with a thermoanemometer on exhaust air vents in the same rooms. Measured and planned air exchange rates were compared. 194
3 Radon in the Living Environment, 25 RESULTS Concentrations of radon During several days continuously measured concentrations of radon varied from 17 to 129 Bq m -3 and radon concentrations during working hours varied from 17 to 13 Bq m -3. Average concentrations of two months were higher being in the range of 2-35 Bq m -3. However, the limit value of working hours, 4 Bq m -3, did not exceed in any work room (figures 2 and 3). The correlation between continuously and integrated measured radon concentrations were quite good (R 2 =.8) (figure 4). The highest concentrations of radon were found in the piping tunnels, where no mechanical ventilation existed and they located partly under the soil level. Walls and floors in piping tunnels were no-coated concrete. Location of sampling spaces are former presented in figure 1. Marks in figures 2,3 and 6 and in tables 1 and 2. For example. A 1 1 Effect of ventilation on radon levels building measuring point floor Air exchange rates in the rooms (n=18) varied from.3 to 7.7 times per hour. Concentrations of radon measured during working hours (8-16) seemed to increase when air exchange rate decreased (R 2 =.5) in building A but only slight effect of air exchange rate on radon concentration was found in building B (figure 5). The air exchange rates measured by the tracer gas technique were generally almost the same than planned air exchange rates (figures 6 and 7). The greatest differences between planned and measured air exchange rates were caused by changing the purpose of rooms or short circuit ventilation. In measuring points A13, A32 and A42 there were no planned air exchange rates available. Effect of pressure and temperature differences on radon levels Radon concentrations increased in the part of the measured rooms when depressurisation increased (figure 8). However, the correlation between radon concentration and indoor outdoor pressure difference in the whole building was low being negative in the building A (R=.27) and even positive in the building B (B=.66) (figure 1). On the other hand, when the temperature difference was observed to increase also the negative pressure increased, which in turn increased indoor concentration of radon (figures 8,9 and 11). Effect of depth on radon levels In both buildings piping tunnels and heating rooms, where existed no-coated concrete surfaces, are processed together. Radon concentrations in piping tunnels and heating rooms were the highest. However, there were not essential differences on radon concentrations between different upper floors ( figures 12 and 13 ). 195
4 25 Radon in the Living Environment, Effect of coated stone material on radon levels Walls, which included stone material, were either painted brick or painted concrete. Concrete ceilings were painted. Floors were coated either with plastic rug or linoleum plate. Indoor radon concentration caused by radon exhalation from stone material is calculated by following equation C Rnm =EF / hv, where C Rnm = Concentration of radon (Bq m -3 ) caused by construction materials, which included stone material E = radon exhalation rate (Bq m -2 h -1 ) (Mustonen 1983) h = air exchange rate (h -1 ) (table 1) V = rooms volume (m 3 ) (table 1) F = area of stone material (m 2 ) (table 1) Theoretical radon concentrations due to stone material were generally less than 5 % of measured low means of radon concentrations in the most rooms. Thus, the most of radon concentration originated from soil even in upper floors. However, the range of percentage parts was quite wide, from 8 % to 29 %. The overestimation of material exhalation in three rooms could be due to different coating materials and variation of real air exchange rate. CONCLUSIONS Concentrations of radon were low and did not exceed the Finnish limit value, 4 Bq/m 3, in any place. Highest levels were measured in piping tunnels, where existed no ventilation and construction material was no-coated concrete. Radon levels were observed to increase in some rooms when depressurisation increased even on the third floor. Concentration of radon caused by exhalation of construction material was generally less than a half from measured concentrations. Thus, the soil beneath the buildings was the main source for radon even in upper floors. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The study was supported by the University of Kuopio. REFERENCES [1] Annanmäki M., Oksanen E. and Markkanen M. Radon at workplaces other than mines and underground excavations. Environmental International 1996:22, suppl1:pp [2] Arvela H. Costs of radon mitigation in Finnish dwellings. Finnish Centre for Radiation and Nuclear Safety (STUK). 1994:STUK-A114 (In Finnish, abstract in English) [3] Korhonen Pirjo. Survey and mitigation of occupational radon exposure in underground workplaces. Licentiate thesis. University of Kuopio, Department of Environmental Sciences [4] Mustonen Raimo. Natural radioactivity in and radon exhalation from finnish building materials Health Physics Vol. 46, No 6 (June) pp ,
5 Radon in the Living Environment, 25 Table 1: Air exchange rate, area of stone material and volume of the measured rooms. Location of measuring points are presented in figure 1. Measuring point Air exchange rate (h -1 ) Stone material area (m 2 ) Volume (m 3 ) A A A A A A A A A A Mean B B B B B Mean
6 25 Radon in the Living Environment, Table 2: Continuously and integrated measured concentration of radon. Calculated radon concentration and percentage parts of calculated radon concentration from radon concentrations of measured continuously and integrated. Concentration of radon Measured Measuring point Continuous (Bq/m 3 ) C Rn Alphafilm A B / (Bq/m 3 ) Concentration of radon Calculated Calculated E min = 2Bq/m 2 h (Bq/m 3 ) C Rnm Calculated E max = 32Bq/m 2 h (Bq/m 3 ) Continuous E min E / max R Rn R Rn (% / %) C Rnm / C Rn % Integrated E min E / max R Rn R Rn (% / %) A / 45 4 / 65 A / 41 2 / 35 A / 35 2 / 35 A / / 2 A / / 154 A / / 27 A / / 43 A / 94 6 / 1 A / 17 1 / 18 A / 34 2 / 35 Mean / / 53 B / / / 25 B / / / 7 B / / / 16 B / / / 29 B / / 24 8 / 13 Mean / / 96 7 /
7 Radon in the Living Environment, 25 Figure 1: Sampling spaces in the building A (left) and B (right). 16 Concentration of radon (Bq m -3 ) continuously Integrated A11 A12 A13 A14 A21 A22 A31 A32 A33 A41 A42 A43 Rooms Figure 2: The integrated (alpha films) and continuously (Pylon AB-5) measured concentrations of radon in different rooms of the building A. 199
8 25 Radon in the Living Environment, 16 Concentration of radon (Bq m -3 ) B21 B22 B23 B24 B11 B12 Continuously Integrated Rooms Figure 3: The integrated (alpha films) and continuously (Pylon AB-5) measured concentrations of radon in different rooms of the building B. 14 C oncentration of continuously measure ra don (B q m -3 ) y =.6532x R 2 = C oncentration of integrated measured radon (B q m -3 ) Figure 4: Correlation between continuously and integrated measured concentrations (n=18) of radon in both of the buildings. 2
9 Radon in the Living Environment, 25 Concentration of radon (Bq m -3 ) Building A Building B y = -5,7239x + 45,372y = -,1627x + 22,156 R 2 =,489 R 2 =, Measured air exchange rate (h -1 ) A whole time A working time B whole time B working time Lin. (A working time) Lin. (B working time) Figure 5: Concentration of radon versus air exchange rate in buildings A and B. 8 Air exchange rate (h -1 ) planned measured A12 A13 A14 A21 A22 A32 A33 Rooms A41 A42 A43 A51 A52 A53 Figure 6: Planned and measured air exchange rates in the building A. 21
10 25 Radon in the Living Environment, 9 Air exchange rate (h -1 ) planned measured B11 B12 B22 B23 B24 Rooms Figure 7: Planned and measured air exchange rates in the building B Concentration of radon (Bq m -3 ) : : 12: : 12: : 12: : Pressure difference (Pa) Temperature difference ( o C) Time (h) Figure 8: Concentration of radon, pressure and temperature differences between indoor and outdoor air during four days in the office room on the third floor of the building A. 22
11 Radon in the Living Environment, 25 7 Concentration of radon (Bq m -3 ) y = x R 2 2 = Pressure difference (Pa) Figure 9: Concentration of radon versus indoor-outdoor pressure difference in the office room on the third floor of the building A. 7 Concentration of radon (Bq m -3 ) y = x R 2 = Pressure difference (Pa) Figure 1:The averages of continuously measured radon concentration versus indoor-outdoor pressure difference in the building A (n=9) and in the building B (n=4). Separately calculated correlations were.27 (negative) in A and.66 (positive) in B. 23
12 25 Radon in the Living Environment, 35 Temperature difference ( o C) y =.9494x R 2 = Pressure difference (Pa) Figure 11:Temperature difference versus pressure difference (n=13) in building A and B. 25 n=5 Building A Concentration of radon (Bq m -3 ) n=4 n=11 n=7 n=3 piping tunnel ground floor 1st floor 2nd floor 3rd floor Floor Figure 12:Average of integrated concentrations of radon on different floors of building A. 24
13 Radon in the Living Environment, 25 Concentration of radon (Bq m -3 ) Building B n=2 n=4 n=6 n=5 n=3 piping tunnel ground floor 1st floor 2nd floor 3rd floor Floor Figure 13:Average of integrated concentrations of radon on different floors of building B. Building A, integrated measurement (n=1) Concentration of radon (Bq m -3 ), calculated Bq/m 2 h y =,89x - 15,7 R 2 =, Bq/m 2 h y = 1,44x - 25,2 R 2 =, Concentration of radon (Bq m -3 ), measured rate 32 rate 2 rate 32 rate 2 Figure 14:Comparison between calculated and integrated measured concentration of radon in building A. 25
14 25 Radon in the Living Environment, Building A, continuous measurement (n=1) Concentration of radon (Bq m -3 ), calculated Bq/m 2 h 32 Bq/m 2 h y =,7841x - 14,796 y = 1,2519x - 23,189 6 R 2 =,5366 R 2 =, rate 32 rate 2 rate 32 rate 2 Concentration of radon (Bq m -3 ), measured Figure 15:Comparison between calculated and continuously measured concentration of radon in building A. Concentration of radon (Bq m -3 ), calculated Building B, integrated measurement (n=5) 32 Bq/m 2 h y = -1,1125x + 49,5 R 2 =, Bq/m 2 h y = -,7x + 31 R 2 =, Concentration of radon (Bq m -3 ), measured rate 32 rate 2 Lin. (Exhalatio n rate 32 ) rate 2 Figure 16:Comparison between calculated and integrated measured concentration of radon in building B. 26
15 Radon in the Living Environment, 25 Building B, continuous measurement (n=5) Concentration of radon (Bq m -3 ), calculated Bq/m 2 h y = 6,2222x - 127,67 R 2 =, Bq/m 2 h y = 9,8889x - 22,67 R 2 =, Concentration of radon (Bq m -3 ), measured rate 32 rate 2 rate 32 rate 2 Figure 17:Comparison between calculated and continuously measured concentration of radon in building B. 27
16 25 Radon in the Living Environment, 28
Relevant Radon properties
Relevant Radon properties Radon is a natural gas and has a half life of 3.8 days. This means that if a box was full of radon gas, half of it would have decayed into something else after 3.8 days. It has
More informationRadon and Thoron Measurements at Special Underground Circumstances
Radon and Thoron Measurements at Special Underground Circumstances Tibor Kovács a*, Norbert Kávási b, Csaba Németh c, János Somlai a, Tamás Vigh d, Gábor Szeiler a, and Shinji Tokonami e, Hiroyuki Takahashi
More informationSensitivity to Thoron on Passive Radon Detectors
Sensitivity to Thoron on Passive Radon Detectors S. Tokonami 1, H. Yonehara 1, T. Sanada 2, M. Yang 3, M. Furukawa 1 and Y. Yamada 1 1 National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
More informationBRUNILDA DACI INSTITUTE OF APPLIED NUCLEAR PHYSICS TIRANA-ALBANIA. KOZETA BODE Responsible person for Radon Measurement in Albania
BRUNILDA DACI INSTITUTE OF APPLIED NUCLEAR PHYSICS TIRANA-ALBANIA KOZETA BODE Responsible person for Radon Measurement in Albania Tallinn, Estonia, 23-27 May 2016 1 CONTENT OF THE PRESENTATION INTRODUCTION
More informationMetroRADON project and its potential impact on mitigation practices Dobromir Pressyanov Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski Bulgaria
MetroRADON project and its potential impact on mitigation practices Dobromir Pressyanov Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski Bulgaria Wolfgang Ringer Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES)
More informationRadon Measurements in Argentina
AUTORIDAD REGULATORIA NUCLEAR (ARN) Radon Measurements in Argentina Juan Pablo Bonetto a, Analia Canoba, Fabio López Gerencia de Apoyo Científico técnico ARN a E-mail: jbonetto@arn.gob.ar Introduction
More informationSituation on Radon Assessment in Latvia
Situation on Radon Assessment in Latvia Žanna Martinsone Institute of Occupational Safety and Environmental Health, Riga Stradins University, LATVIA e-mail: Zanna.Martinsone@rsu.lv Regional workshop on
More informationEFFECTS OF SMALL PRESSURE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE STRUCTURE AND SURROUNDINGS ON RADON ENTRY
EFFECTS OF SMALL PRESSURE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE STRUCTURE AND SURROUNDINGS ON RADON ENTRY 1,2 Akis M.C., 1 Stadtmann H., 2 Kindl P. 1 ARC Seibersdorf research GmbH, Division of Health Physics /Radiation
More informationRadon Measurements at Australian Antarctic Stations
Radon Measurements at Australian Antarctic Stations Brendan Tate Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency Why Measure Radon in Antarctica? Indoor radon Request from AAD to find out radon
More informationINDOOR RADON POLICY AND PROCEDURES LAWLER WOOD HOUSING, LLC
INDOOR RADON POLICY AND PROCEDURES LAWLER WOOD HOUSING, LLC Prepared for Lawler-Wood Housing, LLC Riverview Tower, Suite 2000 900 South Gay Street Knoxville, Tennessee Prepared by ORION Orion Environmental
More informationEC - RADON Latest strategies and draft regulations
EC - RADON Latest strategies and draft regulations European Commission Radiation Protection Participation in EARST WORKSHOP 2013, International and National RADON Regulations & Strategies EC-DG-ENER-D3
More informationRadon in thermal waters and radon risk in chosen thermal water spas in V4 countries - preliminary results
Radon in thermal waters and radon risk in chosen thermal water spas in V countries - preliminary results Karol Holý, Pavol Blahušiak, Dominik Grządziel, Tibor Kovács, Krzysztof Kozak, Jadwiga Mazur, Monika
More informationRADON: IS IT IN YOUR HOME?
RADON: IS IT IN YOUR HOME? WHAT IS RADON? Radon is a radioactive gas that occurs naturally when the uranium in soil and rock breaks down. It is invisible, odourless and tasteless. When radon is released
More informationTHE RELIABILITY OF RADON REDUCTION TECHNIQUES. CB Howarth
Radon in the Living Environment, 052 THE RELIABILITY OF RADON REDUCTION TECHNIQUES CB Howarth National Radiological Protection Board Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, OX11 0RQ, UK Tel: +44 1235 822796, Fax: +44 1235
More informationRadiation Monitoring Equipment
Radiation Monitoring Equipment Sharon Paulka Regional Training Course RAF 3007-1 Namibia, 17-21 August 2009 International Atomic Energy Agency Types of Monitoring Both Occupational & Environmental Require
More informationRadon Basics for Building Officials PATRICK DANIELS IEMA RADON PROGRAM
Radon Basics for Building Officials PATRICK DANIELS IEMA RADON PROGRAM What is Radon? Radon is an indoor air pollutant. Radon is a colorless, odorless radioactive gas that comes from naturally occurring
More informationSEASONAL VARIATION OF RADON CONCENTRATION - MEASUREMENTS IN SOME EUROPEAN COUNTRIES
Radon in the Living Environment, 169 SEASONAL VARIATION OF RADON CONCENTRATION - MEASUREMENTS IN SOME EUROPEAN COUNTRIES Gilbert Jönsson a, Carmen Baixeras b, Lluis Font b, Diego Albarracin b, Giuseppe
More informationRADON: IS IT IN YOUR HOME?
RADON: IS IT IN YOUR HOME? WHAT IS RADON? Radon is a radioactive gas that occurs naturally when the uranium in soil and rock breaks down. It is invisible, odourless and tasteless. When radon is released
More informationRadon Survey Summary Report
GWASANAETHAU IECHYD A DIOGELWCH - HEALTH AND SAFETY SERVICES ADRODDIAD REPORT Radon Survey Summary Report September 2010 Gwasanaethau Iechyd a Diogelwch Health and Safety Services, Penbre, Lon y Coleg.
More informationHISTORY OF SOIL-GAS RADON CONCENTRATION MEASUREMENTS IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC
HISTORY OF SOIL-GAS RADON CONCENTRATION MEASUREMENTS IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC Martin Neznal & Matěj Neznal RADON v.o.s. Novákových 6, 180 00 Praha 8, Czech Republic radon@comp.cz www.radon.eu LATIN AMERICAN
More informationConducting and Assessing Radon Surveys in Schools & Commercial Buildings
Conducting and Assessing Radon Surveys in Schools & Commercial Buildings CIHC 2015 Annual Conference December 7, 2015 Gustavo A. Delgado, Ph.D. California Radon Measurement Provider Forensic Analytical
More informationA study of Indoor Radon / Thoron Levels in Some Dwellings by using Solid State Nuclear Track Detectors
International Journal of Pure and Applied Physics ISSN 0973-1776 Volume 6, Number 2 (2010), pp. 157 164 Research India Publications http://www.ripublication.com/ijpap.htm A study of Indoor Radon / Thoron
More informationRadon monitoring system in the Kamioka mine
Radon monitoring system in the Kamioka mine Guillaume Pronost on behalf of the Super-Kamiokande collaboration Kamioka Observatory, ICRR, The University of Tokyo JPS Miyazaki conference, September 21th
More informationINTERNATIONAL INTERCOMPARISON EXERCISE ON NATURAL RADIATION MEASUREMENTS UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS (IFC11) *
INTERNATIONAL INTERCOMPARISON EXERCISE ON NATURAL RADIATION MEASUREMENTS UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS (IFC11) * BOTOND PAPP 1, ALEXANDRA CUCOŞ (DINU) 1*, MIRCEA MOLDOVAN 1, ROBERT BEGY 1, TIBERIU DICU 1, DAN
More informationRadon in (Greek) workplaces GREECE
Radon in (Greek) workplaces GREECE Maria Kolovou Department of Environmental Radioactivity Control www.gaec.gr Measurement of radon Radon measurements are performed according to the terms of ISO 11665
More informationRadon Survey Final Report
GWASANAETHAU IECHYD A DIOGELWCH - HEALTH AND SAFETY SERVICES ADRODDIAD REPORT Radon Survey Final Report April 2011 Gwasanaethau Iechyd a Diogelwch Health and Safety Services, Penbre, Lon y Coleg. LL57
More informationInternational Requirements for the Control of Radon
Tenth Irish National Radon Forum Thursday 17 January 2013 International Requirements for the Control of Radon Trevor Boal, -NSRW International Atomic Energy Agency Content Safety Standards Requirements
More informationBuying a New Home? How to Protect Your Famil... Page 1 of 6
Buying a New Home? How to Protect Your Famil... Page 1 of 6 Office of Air and Radiation EPA/402-F-98-008 April 1998 Radon causes an estimated 14,000 lung cancer deaths each year. It is the earth's only
More informationRadon Environmental Health Program Health Canada, Alberta Region. Bradley Hameister October 4, 2011
Radon Environmental Health Program Health Canada, Alberta Region Bradley Hameister October 4, 2011 Question What is radon? 2 RADON Naturally occurring radioactive gas that comes from uranium in the ground
More informationA new passive integrating detector for measurement of individual radon exposure at working places.
A new passive integrating detector for measurement of individual radon exposure at working places. G. Sciocchetti, G. Cotellessa, E. Soldano, M. Pagliari and A. Ceccatelli (*) ENEA-ION-IRP, Centro Ricerche
More informationRADON What You Need to Know
RADON What You Need to Know Radiation Protection Bureau Health Canada November 2016 WHAT IS RADON Radon is a radioactive gas that is produced naturally by the breakdown of uranium in the ground. Radon
More informationCURRENT STATE OF THE ART IN MEASURING ENVIRONMENTAL RADON. Abstract
CURRENT STATE OF THE ART IN MEASURING ENVIRONMENTAL RADON A.C. George and N. Bredhoff Radon Testing Corporation of America Elmsford, New York Abstract According to the US EPA, radon is the leading cause
More informationRadon. Town Hall Meeting Mono Community Centre March 25 th, 2017
Radon Town Hall Meeting Mono Community Centre March 25 th, 2017 Image: Health Canada, 2011: http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/ewh-semt/radiation/radon/_radon_animation/radon-eng.php So, why are we talking about radon
More informationTHE NATIONAL RADON SURVEY IN IRELAND. S.G. Fennell, G.M. Mackin, J.S. Madden and A.T. McGarry
Radon in the Living Environment, 136 THE NATIONAL RADON SURVEY IN IRELAND S.G. Fennell, G.M. Mackin, J.S. Madden and A.T. McGarry Radiological Protection Institute of Ireland, 3 Clonskeagh Square, Clonskeagh
More informationResidential Building Walls and Environment in Amman, Jordan
Int. J. of Thermal & Environmental Engineering Volume 3, No. 2 (211) 1-7 Residential Building Walls and Environment in Amman, Jordan S. J. Sulaiman*, N. Beithou Department of Mechanical Engineering, Applied
More informationIllinois Emergency Management Agency
Illinois Emergency Management Agency Radon in Construction Patrick Daniels & Melinda Lewis 1 What is Radon? Radon is an indoor air pollutant. Radon is a colorless, odorless radioactive gas that comes from
More informationWhat you need to know
What you need to know What RADON is The health effects How to test your home How to reduce your risk Protect your health. Test your home. www.regionofwaterloo.ca/radon RADON information What is radon?
More informationRADON LAZERWEB SERVICES
RADON LAZERWEB SERVICES WWW.LAZERWEBSITES.COM Contents Overview...2 Radon is estimated to cause thousands of lung cancer deaths in the U.S. each year...2 Radon is a cancer causing, radioactive gas...2
More informationGuide for Radon Measurements in Residential Dwellings (Homes)
Guide for Radon Measurements in Residential Dwellings (Homes) Health Canada is the federal department responsible for helping Canadians maintain and improve their health. We assess the safety of drugs
More informationRadon Reference Facility at Bowser-Morner, Inc. AMUG Meeting Las Vegas May 4, 2010 Phillip H. Jenkins, PhD, CHP
Radon Reference Facility at Bowser-Morner, Inc. AMUG Meeting Las Vegas May 4, 2010 Phillip H. Jenkins, PhD, CHP Radon Reference Facility What We Do Calibration of Rn and RDP measuring devices Spiking of
More informationSTUDY #3 IN A SERIES OF REPORTS ON RADON IN BC HOMES. Castlegar: COMMUNITY-WIDE RADON TESTING RESULTS AS PART OF ITS. PROGRAm
STUDY #3 IN A SERIES OF REPORTS ON RADON IN BC HOMES Castlegar: COMMUNITY-WIDE RADON TESTING RESULTS AS PART OF ITS PROGRAm BC Lung Association The British Columbia Lung Association (BCLA) is one of the
More informationRADON IN SCHOOL WELL WATER: CASE STUDIES AND MITIGATION IMPLICATIONS
RADON IN SCHOOL WELL WATER: CASE STUDIES AND MITIGATION IMPLICATIONS Alan J. Siniscalchi, Zygmunt F. Dembek, Sarah J. Tibbetts, Xaviel Soto, and Amjad Mahmood State of Connecticut Department of Public
More informationRadon situation in workplaces in Romania. Ioan Encian National Commission for Nuclear Activities Control - Bucharest
Radon situation in workplaces in Romania Ioan Encian National Commission for Nuclear Activities Control - Bucharest Radon in workplaces - Systematic measurements of indoor radon only in workplaces from
More informationJune 7, 2016 PINCHIN LTD 1. Managing Radon in Buildings A Canadian Perspective SEMINAR OUTLINE WHAT IS RADON?
Managing Radon in Buildings A Canadian Perspective SCOTT CRYER, P.GEO. MARCH 28, 2017 PINCHIN ALL RIGHT RESERVED SEMINAR OUTLINE What is Radon? Health Concerns Acceptable levels Radon in buildings Guidance/potential
More informationDesign and Fabrication of New Radon Chamber for Radon Calibration Factor of Measurement
International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 3, Issue 10, October-2012 1 Design and Fabrication of New Radon Chamber for Radon Calibration Factor of Measurement Murtadha S. Al-Nafiey,*
More informationRadon Testing Results. City Hall
Radon Testing Results January April 2016 City Hall LOCATION Radon Concentration Bq/m3 Basement elevator room 152 Boiler room 67 Mail room 60 Training room 78 Electrical room 71 Server room 83 Basement
More informationLONG TERM RADON TEST KIT FOR RADON IN AIR INSTRUCTIONS AND DATASHEET
INSTRUCTIONS AND DATASHEET v1.0 What is Radon? Radon is an odourless, colorless, radioactive gas. Radon has been found in homes all over the world. It comes from the natural breakdown of uranium found
More informationTHE AMOUNT OF ACCUMULATED DUST IN DUCTS OF NEW HVAC INSTALLATIONS
THE AMOUNT OF ACCUMULATED DUST IN DUCTS OF NEW HVAC INSTALLATIONS R Holopainen 1*, M Tuomainen 1, V Asikainen 2, P Pasanen 2, J Säteri 3, O Seppänen 1 1 Helsinki University of Technology, Laboratory of
More informationNRC and Radon Control Technologies
NRC and Radon Control Technologies Prepared by: Dr. Liang Grace Zhou, Gnanamurugan Ganapathy, Gang Nong, Ethan Li, and Jeff Whyte National Research Council Canada - Construction Research Centre For: the
More informationHow to Use Fire Risk Assessment Tools to Evaluate Performance Based Designs
How to Use Fire Risk Assessment Tools to Evaluate Performance Based Designs 1 ABSTRACT Noureddine Benichou and Ahmed H. Kashef * Institute for Research in Construction National Research Council of Canada
More informationSergey Kiselev. SRC Federal Medical Biophysical Center
Sergey Kiselev SRC Federal Medical Biophysical Center Uranium Thorium 1940s -uranium/thorium geological maps. Epidemiological studies U-mine cohort studies Place Zheltoreche nsk Uchkuduk Country Type of
More informationRADPAR: Radon Prevention and Remediation ( )
RADPAR: Radon Prevention and Remediation (2009 2012) Prof. John G. Bartzis University of Western Macedonia Greece RADPAR is funded by : Executive Agency for Health and Consumers (EAHC) of Directorate General
More informationRadiation. Pekka Vuorinen. Finnish Association of Construction Product Industries RTT
Radiation Pekka Vuorinen Finnish Association of Construction Product Industries RTT Mandate M/366 - description Work Package 5: horizontal standards: emission scenarios in indoor air 3. Horizontal standard
More informationAN ANALYSIS OF THE ACTUAL THERMAL PLUMES OF KITCHEN APPLIANCES DURING COOKING MODE
AN ANALYSIS OF THE ACTUAL THERMAL PLUMES OF KITCHEN APPLIANCES DURING COOKING MODE R Kosonen 1,*, H Koskela 2 and P Saarinen 2 1 Halton Oy, Haltonintie 1-3, 474 Kausala, Finland 2 Finnish Institute of
More informationRadon Detection Specialists, Inc.
Commercial Survey Report Client: Community Consolidated School District 181 Site Address: Elm School 6010 S Elm St Hinsdale, IL 60521 Survey Date: April 9, 2012 to April 11, 2012 Initial Test RDS-R-002
More informationINDOOR AIR QUALITY IN ENGLISH HOMES - NITROGEN DIOXIDE
INDOOR AIR QUALITY IN ENGLISH HOMES - NITROGEN DIOXIDE SKD Coward, GJ Raw, JW Llewellyn and DI Ross BRE, Watford WD25 9XX, UK ABSTRACT BRE has conducted a national survey of air pollutants in 876 homes
More informationRADON TESTING: HEALTH GUIDELINES
RADON TESTING: HEALTH GUIDELINES What is the Health Canada recommended action level for radon mitigation? The Health Canada recommended action level [also known as the reference level] is 200 Bq/m 3. What
More informationSpatial variation of radon concentration in a room ZHANG ZHENGGUO*, XIAO DETAO**, ZHANG LIANG*, LI CHUNXIU*,
note technique Spatial variation of radon concentration in a room ZHANG ZHENGGUO*, XIAO DETAO**, ZHANG LIANG*, LI CHUNXIU*, (Manuscrit reçu le 6 octobre 1992) RÉSUMÉ ABSTRACT On a mesuré la concentration
More informationAbstract. Introduction/Background. New Radon guideline for Canada
AN UPDATE ON THE NEW CANADIAN RADON GUIDELINE AND ITS IMPLEMENTATION Naureen M. Rahman, Renato Falcomer, Jing Chen and Deborah Moir Radiation Protection Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 1C1,
More informationOhio Department of Health, Bureau of Environmental Health and Radiation Protection, Radon Licensing Program. School Radon Testing Checklist
Ohio Department of Health, Bureau of Environmental Health and Radiation Protection, Radon Licensing Program School Radon Testing Checklist Purpose: This checklist has been prepared to provide school employees
More informationVENTILATIVE COOLING CONTROL STRATEGIES APPLIED TO PASSIVE HOUSE IN ORDER TO AVOID INDOOR OVERHEATING
VENTILATIVE COOLING CONTROL STRATEGIES APPLIED TO PASSIVE HOUSE IN ORDER TO AVOID INDOOR OVERHEATING Rebeca Barbosa 1, Martin Barták 1, Jan L. M. Hensen 1, 2, Marcel G. L. C. Loomans 2 1 Czech Technical
More informationTHE EFFECT OF BUILDING CODES AND HOUSE AGE ON RADON CONCENTRATIONS IN MINNESOTA
THE EFFECT OF BUILDING CODES AND HOUSE AGE ON RADON CONCENTRATIONS IN MINNESOTA Daniel J. Steck Physics Department, St. John's University Collegeville, MN 5632 1 ABSTRACT Many public radon reduction programs
More informationQuality and Technology - Made in Germany -
Quality and Technology - Made in Germany - TRACERLAB GmbH Aachener Str. 1354 50859, Koeln, Germany Tel.: +49 (0) 2234-942397 Fax.: +49 (0) 2234-942398 E-mail: asktracerlab@tracerlab.com Internet: www.tracerlab.com
More informationCURRENT INDOOR RADON SITUATION IN LITHUANIA
CURRENT INDOOR RADON SITUATION IN LITHUANIA Rima Ladygienė, PhD Radiation Protection Centre LEGISLATION National policy on radon is based on the appropriate recommendations of International Commission
More informationLAB ID and/or LABORATORY NAME: ASSESSOR NAME: ALPHA TRACK. Method Number: ELAP method number SOP Number: Revision Number: SOP Date:
LAB ID and/or LABORATORY NAME: ASSESSOR NAME: DATE: ALPHA TRACK Method Number: ELAP method number 7035 SOP Number: Revision Number: SOP Date: Personnel / Data Records observed: Page 1 of 6 RADON IN AIR
More informationHow can you reduce radon in a home?
Lesson 10: How can you reduce radon in a home? Lesson overview This lesson provides a brief overview of radon mitigation. Lesson objectives By the end of this lesson, the learners will be able to: Describe
More informationTHE EVALUATION OF MULTI-ZONE AIR FLOW PATTERN AND VENTILATION RATES WITH TRACER GAS METHODS IN APARTMENT HOUSE
THE EVALUATION OF MULTI-ZONE AIR FLOW PATTERN AND VENTILATION RATES WITH TRACER GAS METHODS IN APARTMENT HOUSE DW Yoon 1, JY Sohn 2, SD Kim 3 and HS Kim 4 1 Dept. of Building Equipment and System Engineering,
More informationTHE EFFECT OF VENTILATION AND FILTRATION ON RADON DECAY PRODUCT MEASUREMENTS
THE EFFECT OF VENTILATION AND FILTRATION ON RADON DECAY PRODUCT MEASUREMENTS Bill Brodhead WPB Enterprises, Inc., 2844 Slifer Valley Rd., Riegelsville, PA USA wmbrodhead@hotmail.com www.wpb-radon.com ABSTRACT
More informationInduction heating with the ring effect for injection molding plates
Induction heating with the ring effect for injection molding plates article info abstract Available online 8 March 2012 Keywords: Dynamic mold temperature control Induction heating Inductor design Induction
More informationRadon. In Your Home SAMPLE
Radon In Your Home About Radon What is radon? Radon is a radioactive gas that may be lurking in the air or drinking water in your home. As the second-leading cause of cancer, it s a silent killer. But
More informationEXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE AIR CLEANING EFFECT OF A DESICCANT DEHUMIDIFIER ON PERCEIVED AIR QUALITY
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE AIR CLEANING EFFECT OF A DESICCANT DEHUMIDIFIER ON PERCEIVED AIR QUALITY L Fang 1,2,, G Zhang 1,2 and PO Fanger 1,2 1 International Centre for Indoor Environment and Energy,
More informationNational Radon Action Plan and Radon Database
National Radon Action Plan and Radon Database Experience in Switzerland A brief History 80s: first investigations about the dangers of radon in residential areas 1992:Radonprogramm Schweiz(RAPROS): measurements,
More informationEuropean Commission approach with regard to radon
European Commission approach with regard to radon Åsa Wiklund National Expert in DG TREN/H.4 Radiation Protection EUROPEAN COMMISSION 1 Radon at the European Commission DG TREN DG RTD DG SANCO Joint Research
More informationRADON SURVEY IN KALAMATA (GREECE) Medicine, London SW7 2AZ U.K. Greece. Republic
Radon in the Living Environment, 132 RADON SURVEY IN KALAMATA (GREECE) A. Geranios 1, M. Kakoulidou 1, Ph. Mavroidi 2, M. Moschou 3, S. Fischer 4, I. Burian 5 and J. Holecek 5 1 Nuclear and Particle Physics
More informationThe Regulatory Perspective on Radiation Protection in Canadian Uranium Mines
Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission Commission canadienne de sûreté nucléaire The Regulatory Perspective on Radiation Protection in Canadian Uranium Mines Presentation to URAM-2009 Vienna, Austria June
More informationConnecticut Radon Measurement Training Program
Lesson 10 How can you reduce radon in a home? Brief overview of radon mitigation Mitigation: reducing radon in air or water Requires trained, registered radon mitigation specialist Typical radon mitigation
More informationEFFECT OF RELICT JOINTS IN RAIN INDUCED SLOPE FAILURES IN RESIDUAL SOIL
EFFECT OF RELICT JOINTS IN RAIN INDUCED SLOPE FAILURES IN RESIDUAL SOIL Neethimappiriya Tharmalingam, Student (Email: neethi_26@yahoo.com) N.W.H. Lakshamana, Student (Email: hansaka8888@yahoo.com) R.D.T.B.
More informationSSRG International Journal of Civil Engineering ( SSRG IJCE ) Volume 4 Issue 10 October 2017
Numerical Modelling of Building Response to Underground Tunnelling - A Case Study of Chennai Metro Abhishek Pastore* 1 Dr. Sudhir Singh Bhadauria #2 *1 PG Scholar, Department of Civil Engineering, RGPV,
More informationRadon Detection Specialists, Inc. Love the Lungs You re With
630-325-4443 800-244-4242 kws@radonresults.com Commercial Radon Survey Report Client: Pleasantdale School District 107 8100 School Street La Grange, Illinois 60525 Survey Date: October 20 2014 to October
More informationNational strategy for radon in Norway
National strategy for radon in Norway Jelena Mrdakovic Popic, Maria Larsson and Bård Olsen Radon national action plan workshop Paris, 30. sept. -2. oct. 2014 Content Radon in Norway National strategi for
More informationUpdate on Canada's National Radon Program
Update on Canada's National Radon Program Health Canada CARST 2014 Conference May 5 2014 - Jeff Whyte and Kelley Bush NATIONAL RADON PROGRAM Highlights: Federal Building Testing Program roughly 15K buildings
More informationFigure 1: Low energy dwellings testsite
Seventh International IBPSA Conference Rio de Janeiro, Brazil August 13-15, 2001 SIMULATION OF DEMAND CONTROLLED VENTILATION IN A LOW-ENERGY HOUSE Netherlands Energy Research Foundation J.C. Römer P.O.
More informationHow does radon enter a home?
Lesson 3 How does radon enter a? Radon in the For most Americans, greatest exposure to radon is in, especially in rooms that are Below grade (such as basements) In contact with the ground Immediately above
More informationRadon Detection Specialists, Inc.
Commercial Radon Survey Report Client: Community Consolidated School District 181 Site Address: The Lane School 500 N Elm St Hinsdale, IL 60521 Survey Date: April 17, 2012 to April 19, 2012 Initial Test
More informationEFFECTS OF COMBINING SMART SHADING AND VENTILATION ON THERMAL COMFORT
EFFECTS OF COMBINING SMART SHADING AND VENTILATI THERMAL COMFORT Pablo La Roche Department of Architecture California State Polytechnic University Pomona, and Universidad del Zulia, Venezuela 381 West
More informationRADON PLAN. Eugene School District 4J Facilities Management 715 West Fourth Avenue Eugene, OR
RADON PLAN The 2015 Legislature passed House Bill (HB) 2931 so that if elevated radon levels in Oregon schools existed they would be known. House Bill 2931 later became Oregon Revised Statute (ORS) 332.166-167.
More informationLaboratory study of the effects of green roof systems on noise reduction at street levels for diffracted sound
Laboratory study of the effects of green roof systems on noise reduction at street levels for diffracted sound Hongseok Yang 1), Minsung Choi 2), Jian Kang 3) 1) School of Architecture, University of Sheffield,
More informationProperty of Aztec Home Services LLC
Property of Aztec Home Services LLC 5.0 Test Conditions 5.1 Long-Term Tests (those lasting more than 90 days) do not require closed-building conditions. Longterm tests should be conducted as close to a
More informationVentilation. ASHRAE 62.2 COMPLIANCE How do we get there? Bruce Hagen ND Dept. of Commerce.
Ventilation ASHRAE 62.2 COMPLIANCE How do we get there? Bruce Hagen ND Dept. of Commerce /NDCommerce /NDCommerce /NDCommerce /NDCommerce WHATS NEW IN ASHRAE 62.2 2016 Controls (Override) Shutoff for maintenance
More informationRadiation Protection Program Updates
Radiation Protection Program Updates SWEP Capital Chapter Seminar November 5, 2015 Joseph Melnic Radiation Control Division Manager Robert Lewis Radon Division Manager Tom Wolf, Governor John Quigley,
More informationBrine Generation Study
DOE/WIPP 00-2000 Brine Generation Study April 2000 Waste Isolation Pilot Plant Carlsbad, New Mexico Processing and final preparation of this report was performed by the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant Management
More informationENVIRONMENTAL RADON MONITORING IN DWELLINGS NEAR THE RADIOACTIVE SITES
ENVIRONMENTAL RADON MONITORING IN DWELLINGS NEAR THE RADIOACTIVE SITES B.S BAJWA and H.S. VIRK Deptt. of Physics, Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar-143005, India. In view of the of the fact that radon
More informationWORKING. TOGETHER to PREVENT LUNG CANCER. A Guide to help you with testing your Child Care Centre for Radon
WORKING TOGETHER to PREVENT LUNG CANCER A Guide to help you with testing your Child Care Centre for Radon GENERAL INFORMATION The purpose of this document is to provide certified radon professionals and
More informationAssessment of Radon-222 Concentrations in Buildinps, Building Materials, Water and Soil in Jordan
Assessment of Radon-222 Concentrations in Buildinps, Building Materials, Water and Soil in Jordan Mahmoud Kullab Physics Department, Yarmouk University, Irbid 2 1 1-63, Jordan E-mail: mkullab@yu.edu.jo
More informationRadiation Training for Ancillary Personnel. Introduction
Radiation Training for Ancillary Personnel Introduction A number of Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences (CHS) laboratories use radioactive materials.the Radiation Safety Officer has developed
More informationEVALUATION OF THE THERMAL PERFORMANCE OF METAL ROOFING UNDER TROPICAL CLIMATIC CONDITIONS
EVALUATION OF THE THERMAL PERFORMANCE OF METAL ROOFING UNDER TROPICAL CLIMATIC CONDITIONS Mohamed HARIMI Djamila HARIMI V. John KURIAN Bolong NURMIN 1 Center of Mineral and Materials, Universiti Malaysia
More informationNSAW Radon Assessment 2017 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
NSAW Radon Assessment 2017 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS Q. Why are you testing for radon? A. Testing is a key component of the Navy Radon Assessment and Mitigation Program. Q. Can you simply test for radon outside
More informationDealing With RADON in Real Estate Transactions
This document has been reproduced by the concerned professionals at: Wyoming Department of Health Revised 2005 Dealing With RADON in Real Estate Transactions Wyoming Department of Health Wyoming Radon
More informationA bright alpha numeric display and the simplified keypad (three buttons) allow the operation even under harsh conditions.
Personal Alpha/Beta Continuous Air Monitor (CAM) The pocamon (personal online continuous air monitor) monitors continuously the breathing air to detect airborne radioactive aerosols (LLRD). Typical application
More informationDealing With RADON in Real Estate Transactions
This document has been reproduced by the concerned professionals at: Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment March 2002 Dealing With RADON in Real Estate Transactions Colorado Department of
More information