Sergey Kiselev. SRC Federal Medical Biophysical Center

Transcription

1 Sergey Kiselev SRC Federal Medical Biophysical Center

2 Uranium Thorium 1940s -uranium/thorium geological maps.

3 Epidemiological studies U-mine cohort studies Place Zheltoreche nsk Uchkuduk Country Type of mine USSR USSR Uraniu m Uraniu m CASE-CONTROL CONTROL STUDIES Followu p period Nb. Cumulati Person ERR per miners ve exposure WLM year 100 WLM

4 In 2003, Russian President approved the Main Principles of State Policy for the period till 2010 and future One of the focus priorities is «improved protection of the public and environment against unhealthy factors resulted from using of nuclear energy and natural sources of ionizing radiation». Paragraph 11 stresses the necessity of: Organization of national radon surveys for the purposes of identification of dwellings and workplaces with high radon levels Development and implementation of protective measures to decrease radon induced lung cancer risk for population Development of the regulatory framework National radon database development and maintenance

5 Federal Law on the Public Radiation Protection 1996 Article 15. Radiation safety in case of natural radionuclide exposure Radon exposure to the public and workers shall not exceed the established standards. Preventive strategy selection of land for the building activities, taking into account the level of radon emission from soil and gamma radiation; design and construction of buildings taking into account prevention of radon penetration in the air of premises; acceptance of buildings and constructions in operationtaking into account indoor radon concentrations and gamma radiation of natural radionuclides

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9 U 234 Th 232 Th 228 Equilibrium Equivalent Concentration, EEC, Bq/m 3 Equilibrium Equivalent Concentration, EEC, Bq/m Ac 228 Th 230 EEC Rn+Tn =EEC =EEC Rn +4.6 EEC Tn Ra 228 Ra 224 Tn 220 Ra 226 Rn 222 EEC Rn indoor Rn progeny EEC Tn indoor Tn progeny 4,6=K d(tn) /K d(rn) Po 216 Po 212 Po 218 Pb 214 Bi 214 Po 214 Bi 210 Po 210 Pb 210 Pb 206 EEC=F A Rn F- equilibrium factor, Pb 212 A- radon concentration in air Bi 212 Tl 208 Pb 208

10 Dwellings and Public Places. Action Level (AL): EEC=200 Bq/m 3 Workplaces Action Level: EEC=300 Bq/m 3 If < AL OK If < AL If > AL Remediation If > AL Measurements If < AL If > AL OK Remed. Optimization -functional conversion; - resettlement Optimiz. -functional conversion

11 Regulatory Framework/ New Buildings Radiation Safety Standards. NRB Main Sanitary Rules for Radiation Safety. OSPORB 99/2010 Sanitary requirements New dwellings New workplaces Rn flux density at construction area, mbq/m 2 s Natural radionuclide (Ra 226, Th 232, K 40) in construction materials, Bq/kg Rn control limits on completion, Bq/m

12 Requirements of building code and building standards Building code Federal Law 384-FZ Technical regulation of safety of buildings and constructions Category of potential radon induced hazard of the site EEC of radon isotopes, Bq/m 3 Density of radon flux, mbq/(m 2 s) Building standards -Engineering surveys for construction. Basic statements. Gosstroy of Russia, 2013 Activity concentration of radon in soil, kbq/m 3 Radionuclide specific activity, Bq/kg I < 25 <20 <10 <100 II III > 100 > 80 > 40 > 400 Category of potential radon induced hazard of the site Radon engineering protection I II III regulatory ventilation, moderate (reasonable) protection enhanced protection Manual on designing the radon protection of residential and public buildings was developed to help designers in the development of radon engineering protection.

13 Federal Database(Rospotrebnadzor) Regional Data Bases Interregional radiological centers (methodical& practical support)(rospotrebnadzor) Radiation monitoring labs (radon measurements) Federal Supervision Service for Protection of Consumers Rights and Public Welfare (Rospotrebnadzor) Federal Medical Biological Agency (FMBA) Districts Settlements Radiation Monitoring Labs

14 Radon mapping Annual average Radon concentration in the different regions of Russian Federation 1% >10mSv

15 Long term measurements\ Track detectors LR 115 Ongoing Radon Surveys measurements Selected criteria: 1.Geology 2.Type of buildings 3.Heating system (gas, central heating, stove heating) Accompanied measurements Gamma-dose rate Thoron (progenies) Equilibrium Factor (RaA/RaB assessment) Radon mapping Local database arrangement

16 Currently Existing Problems 1. Extremely low public awareness on radon issues. 2. Lack of educational and Training programs for building professionals to implement appropriate preventive and corrective measures. No standards. No approved documents. 3. Insufficient control of radon exposure at workplaces. Occasional monitoring 4. Low rate of business and private parties' involvement into providing radon measurements, implementation preventive and corrective measures

17 Next steps RADON- Development of Federal Targeted Program «RADON 2»(concept of the program is prepared). The following issues addressed: Revision of regulatory framework in accordance with current WHO/ICRP/IAEA recommendations Risk communication strategies and improvement public awareness Enhancing cooperation infrastructure between local, regional and national authorities Improvement preventive and corrective measures / development standards/training & educational programs/mechanisms of business involvement Synchronization of the radon strategy with the associated national programs ( anti-smoking & energy saving)

18 Topics for discussion: 1.Setting the reference levels (philosophy, regional/national, value) 2.Radon dose coefficients (dosimetry approach versus epidemiology based approach / possible complications with radon regulation at workplaces) 3.Indicators for the effectiveness of the national radon program. Radon risk assessment. National risk model development? 4.Risk communication strategies the public, local governments, bulding industry and stakeholders mechanisms accumulated experience in this area?

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