III To Protect Citizens from Disasters

Transcription

1 III To Protect Citizens from Disasters The statistics of the fire and rescue services of the Tokyo Fire Department is as follows: Plus & Minus ( ) Fires 4,805 (including one in an 5,191 (including one in an 386 extraterritorial area) extraterritorial area) Burned Areas (m 2 ) 23,478 25,674 2,196 Fire Deaths Injuries As an example of large scale fires in 2014, there was a building fire in January which started in a three-story amusument center and then spread into the neighboring three buildings. It eventually destroyed four buildings (including the center itself) and burned 656 m 2. In May, another large fire occurred in a three-story building under construction, which eventually destroyed a total of seven buildings and burned 568 m 2. As an example of fires involving rescue operations, there was an eight-story restaurant fire in May which burned 357 m 2. Because of the black smoke blowing out of the third floor, - 9 -

2 some people escaped to the fifth floor and they were trapped there. The fire unit used the aerial platform of a ladder truck to rescue them to a safe place. Infrequent types of fire include a construction platform fire in March. A total of 300 m 2 of the platform, which was hung under the Metropolitan Expressway, was burned in this incident. Another example is a factory fire in May. The fire occurred in the two-story office of the magnesium alloys manufacturer and eventually burned 1,300 m 2 of the building. Other non-fire disasters include a construction site incident in February. A man was trapped in an H-beam hole (diameter: 60 cm, depth: 3.5 meters) made for a retaining wall. The Fire Rescue Task Forces and the Tokyo DMAT cooperated and rescued the person. Another example is a restaurant incident in July. When the staff used burning charcoal inside the restaurant, 8 customers claimed that they felt unwell. The fire unit opened the doors and windows for fresh air and transported the 8 patients to hospitals. Also, as Emergency Response Teams, 1964 members of the TFD responded to the eruption of mount Ontake in September (for 21 days in total) and 31 members to the earthquake in Nagano in November. Various incidents occur in the metropolitan area. The TFD regularly conducts training simulating real situations in order to prepare for all kinds of disasters and to provide safety and security for the Tokyo residents

3 TOPIC 1 Nozzle (improved applicator nozzle) Spraying the ground and low areas Structural Diagram Spraying high areas Example of use to spray in a duct The inside of ceiling spaces can become a route for the spread of fire, so it is necessary to confirm the presence of fire quickly and spray it with water to prevent the spread of fire. As a result, the nozzle is used for effective firefighting with a minumum amount of water when fighting fires in enclosed areas such as the inside of ceiling spaces as well as narrow and small areas

4 3-1 Fire Vehicles The TFD has 1,951 fire vehicles (excluding vehicles owned by other agencies), such as pumpers, foam pumpers, and aerial ladders. The vehicles are deployed as follows. Fire Vehicles (As of April 1, 2015) The 8th Fire District (15 Fire Stations) Pumpers 83 Foam pumpers 5 Aerial ladders 15 Rescue trucks (type II) 3 Ambulances 39 Floodlight truck 1 Haz-mat trucks 2 Total Number of TFD Fleet Pumpers 489 Foam pumpers 48 Aerial ladders 86 Squirts 6 Rescue trucks (type II) 28 Rescue trucks (type III) 4 Rescue trucks (type IV) 2 Hazmat trucks 18 Ambulances 238 Heavy vehicles for rescue 8 Heavy vehicles for road clearing 6 Floodlight trucks 10 Firefighting motorcycles 20 Fireboats 9 Helicopters 7 The 9th Fire District (8 Fire Stations) Pumpers 48 Foam pumpers 6 Aerial ladders 8 Rescue trucks (type II) 4 Ambulances 31 Floodlight truck 1 Hazmat truck 1 Firefighting motorcycles 4 Fire Rescue Task Forces (1) Pumper 1 Hazmat truck 3 Rescue truck (type III) 1 Squirt 1 Heavy vehicles for rescue Fire Rescue Task Forces (1) Foam pumper 1 Rescue truck (type II) 1 Rescue truck (type III) 1 Rescue trucks (type IV) 2 Squirt 1 Haz-mat trucks 1 Heavy vehicles for rescue 2 Heavy vehicles for road clearing 2 The 4th Fire District (7 Fire Stations) Pumpers 51 Foam pumpers 2 Aerial ladders 8 Squirt 1 Rescue trucks (type II) 2 Ambulances 25 Floodlight truck 1 The 3rd Fire District (5 Fire Stations) Pumpers 42 Foam pumpers 1 Aerial ladders 5 Rescue trucks (type II) 2 Ambulances 22 Floodlight truck 1 Firefighting motorcycles 4 Fire Rescue Task Forces (1) Pumper 1 Haz-mat trucks 3 Rescue truck (type II) 1

5 The 10th Fire District (5 Fire Stations) Pumpers 32 Foam pumpers 4 Aerial ladders 5 Rescue trucks (type II) 3 Ambulances 18 Floodlight truck 1 Hazmat truck 1 The 5th Fire District (7 Fire Stations) Pumpers 41 Foam pumpers 2 Aerial ladders 7 Rescue truck (type II) 1 Ambulances 16 Floodlight truck 1 Hazmat truck 1 Firefighting motorcycles 2 The 6th Fire District (8 Fire Stations) Pumpers 48 Foam pumpers 4 Aerial ladders 8 Rescue trucks (type II) 2 Ambulances 21 Floodlight truck 1 Hazmat truck 1 Firefighting motorcycles 2 Fire Rescue Task Forces (1) Pumper 1 Foam pumper 1 Rescue truck (type II) 1 Rescue truck (type III) 1 Squirt 1 Hazmat truck 1 Heavy vehicles for rescue 2 Heavy vehicles for road clearing 2 The 2nd Fire District (7 Fire Stations) Pumpers 45 Foam pumpers 6 Aerial ladders 7 Rescue truck (type II) 1 Ambulances 21 Floodlight truck 1 Hazmat truck 1 Firefighting motorcycles 2 Fire Rescue Task Forces (1) Pumper 1 Foam pumper 1 Rescue truck (type II) 1 Rescue truck (type III) 1 Squirt 1 Hazmat truck 1 Heavy vehicles for rescue 2 Heavy vehicles for road clearing 2 The 7th Fire District (9 Fire Stations) Pumpers 57 Foam pumpers 11 Aerial ladders 10 Squirt 1 Rescue trucks (type II) 4 Ambulances 31 Floodlight truck 1 Hazmat truck 1 Firefighting motorcycles 4 The 1st Fire District (10 Fire Stations) Pumpers 38 Foam pumpers 4 Aerial ladders 13 Rescue trucks (type II) 2 Ambulances 14 Floodlight truck 1 Fireboats 9 Hazmat truck 1 Firefighting motorcycles

6 Pumper (ordinary type) In order to respond to diversified fire incidents, this semi-box type pumper, with two hose carts including one battery motor cart, can carry more equipment than its former models. Pumper with Water Tank This box-type vehicle, equipped with a 2000-liter water tank, a light hose cart, and other tools, is designed to conduct quick attack (initial and early waterdischarge operations). Pumper with Foam Equipped with two tanks (a 1,500-liter water tank and a 150-liter foam agent tank), a foam inducer, and a nozzle which shoots chemical foam, this vehicle responds to chemical incidents

7 Small Pumper (with hose cart) In order to respond to narrow-street areas, this vehicle is designed to be smallest possible (in terms of size and turning radius). It is equipped with a light hose cart and various tools. Water Rescue Truck Equipped with scuba apparatus, an outboard motor (and its storage), and other tools required for water rescue operations, this vehicle responds to water rescue incidents. Aerial Ladder Truck Equipped with a four-section, 30 meter ladder, a platform (up to 2,700 N, three people), a telescopic water pipe, and a remote-controlled nozzle, this vehicle responds to high rise building fires

8 Rescue Truck (Type II) Loaded with various rescue equipment (a winch, an electric generator, a selfelevating floodlight, and others), this vehicle responds to rescue incidents, such as traffic accidents. Ambulance In order to respond to various incidents, this vehicle has a sufficient space inside where the EMS staff give medical treatments to a patient. It is also equipped with stretchers, a vibrationfree stand, and other EMS tools. Special Rescue Truck In earthquakes and water disasters, this six wheel drive vehicle responds to flooded areas for rescue, personnel transport, and equipment transport. Specially installed is a lift for water bikes and the self-spray system which protects the vehicle from radiant heat

9 Firefighting Motorcycles Equipped with portable fire extinguishers and simple rescue tools, this highmobility vehicle responds to incident scenes (particularly highways and mountain areas) as quickly as possible. Fireboat (Kachidoki) Kachidoki responds to chemical disasters as well as vessel fires and incidents in the river areas. Its water shooting tower and mast are both raised and lowered, which enables the vessel to shoot water from a height and make itself look shorter. It is equipped with four water shooting nozzles and a pump which sends more than 30,000 liters of water per minute. Fire Helicopter (Hakucho) Hakucho is a large helicopter which engages in firefighting and rescue operations, information collection, and patient transportation. Installed are an auto-hovering system and an emergency stretcher system. The aircraft is equipped with a 2,500-liter water tank under its body for firefighting purposes

10 3-2 Response System 1 Response System Responses to fires, medical emergencies, hazard removal and rescue services are classified as ordinary response, special response and extra response. (1) Fires Ordinary responses Ordinary and large-scale fires in city areas or fires in special buildings are handled by the 1st, 2nd, 3rd or 4th alarm response. Special responses Special responses are ordered in case of vehicle fires on expressways, hazardous materials fires and large-scale fires which are difficult to fight with ordinary alarm responses. Depending on the scale of the fire, the 1st to 2nd responses are activated, while the 1st to 4th responses are ordered in case of large-scale disasters such as a large plane crash or a train fire. Extra responses Extra responses are ordered for the reinforcement of firefighting units, or the dispatch of the units in response to small-scale fires. (2) Rescue Service Extra responses To deal with each rescue incident, rescue units are dispatched to disaster scenes. To an automobile collision in anticipation of a medical emergency and a fire, an EMS ambulance unit and a pump company are dispatched on receipt of an accident report. Special responses When a large-scale disaster occurs or is likely to occur, and it is necessary to dispatch more than one rescue unit at a time, 1st to 3rd alarms are activated depending on the extent of the disaster. When a mass-casualty incident occurs and it is necessary to send out more manpower for the rescue and first aid of the victims, 1st to 4th alarms are activated depending on the extent of the disaster. (3) Emergency Medical Services Ordinary responses To an ordinary medical emergency, an EMS unit is dispatched from the nearest fire station, based on the GPS system for locating ambulances. Special responses Upon the receipt of the report of a multi-casualty incident or an incident which may cause heavy casualties, the Command and Control Center orders the responses from 1st to 4th alarms depending on the number of casualties. Extra responses This is ordered when emergency responders need EMS unit reinforcement

11 or when there are multiple casualties at incident scenes. (4) Elimination of Hazard Extra responses In dangerous situations with hazardous materials/gas leaks or chemical disasters which may cause fires or endanger people s lives, Fire Rescue Task Forces, Hazmat Units or other units are dispatched to incident scenes. (5) Confirmation of the Emergency Extra responses Rescue units are dispatched to rapidly confirm the situation in the case that smoke which could be easily confused with a fire is reported or automatic fire alarm equipment sounds an alarm. 2 Mutual Aid The Fire Organization Law stipulates that each city, town and village has responsibility to protect citizens lives and property from fires. For the safety of and around municipality borders, there are mutual-aid systems established between municipalities, with the Article 39 of the Fire Organization Law as a base. The TFD has mutual-aid agreements with cities, towns and villages in its neighborhood, and on remote islands. The Department then assists those communities, mobilizing ground fire apparatus and fire helicopters. Against incidents in the port of Tokyo, the TFD has a cooperative agreement with the Japan Coast Guard s Tokyo Coast Guard Office, and a mutual aid agreement with the fire departments of Kawasaki, Chiba, Yokohama, and Ichikawa Cities to respond to large-scale disasters that occur in any of the city s ports or related coastal facilities. In case of large-scale disasters such as an earthquake, the TFD dispatches its members of the Emergency Fire Response Teams to the areas with no mutual-aid agreements concluded, based on the Article 44 of the Fire Organization Law. 3 Measures to Protect Japanese Citizens In the Law Concerning the Measures for Protection of the Civilian Population in Armed Attack Situations (the Citizen Protection Law), it is stipulated that fire service organizations shall protect Japanese citizens lives and property from fires caused by armed attacks, while preventing and mitigating such disasters. In addition, the Law requires that city, town or village mayors command municipal government officials, Fire Chiefs and Volunteer Fire Corps Chiefs to evacuate citizens to safe areas. The TFD, considering the importance of coordination with other civil protection agencies, joins the TMG and municipal governments of Tokyo and actively conducts citizens protection drills like evacuation

12 The TFD s participation is based on the Tokyo Fire Department s Basic Policy on Citizens Protection Measures, while the TMG and Tokyo s municipalities efforts are founded on their own citizens protection plans. 4 Tokyo Fire Department s Basic Guidelines for Citizen Protection Measures (1) Basic Concept Protecting citizens and minimizing damage in the event that Tokyo suffers a disaster due to armed attack or other emergency situation is a grave responsibility assigned to fire protection services. In order to fulfill this responsibility, the TFD conducts activities including firefighting, assistance, rescue, and evacuation guidance in disasters, while at the same time ensuring the safety of firefighters. Additionally, the TFD works to ensure the safety of Tokyo through comprehensive measures for protecting citizens, such as strengthening cooperation with the national government, the TMG, municipal governments and related agencies and obtains sufficient cooperation from citizens and business establishments. (2) Basic Plans Based on the Basic Concept of (1), the TFD has established the following basic measures and conducts its citizen protection activities based on these. (A) Establishing a response system Measures to strengthen the functions of civil defense headquarters Measures for effective use of information (B) Establishing operational preparedness Firefighting operational measures Evacuation guidance measures Fire company operational measures Education and training measures (C) Assuring community safety Providing guidance to business establishments and citizens

13 3-3 Fires Number of Fires in 2014 Extraterritorial Fire 1 (0.02%) Forests and fields 5 (0.1%) Others 1,463 (30.4%) Total 4,805 (100%) Buildings 3,002 (62.5%) Ships 2 (0.04%) Vehicles 332 (6.9%) The number of fires in 2014 was 4,805 (excluding 1 extraterritorial fire), showing a decrease of 386 from Of the 4,805 fires, building fires decreased by 267 to 3,002, vehicle fires increased by 63 to 332, and others decreased by 152 to 1,463. The fires burned 23,478 m 2, a decrease of 2,196 m 2 from The toal fire damage cost was 4,889,800,000 yen, showing a decrease of 1,147,730,000 yen from The number of burnt buildings was 3,451, affecting 4,955 people of 2,587 households. Compared with the previous year, fire deaths increased by 7 to 94, and the number of injured people increased by 9 to 790. Number of Fires and Fire Deaths ( ) (Cases) 6,000 4,000 5,088 5, ,089 5,191 4, (People) Fires 2, Fatalities

14 1 Fire Investigation Fire departments are engaged not only in firefighting but also fire cause/damage investigations. The TFD conducts fire investigations under the power and procedures stipulated in the Fire Service Law. Fire personnel examine fire scenes, obtain information from people, make scientific analysis and identify fire causes. They further investigate how fire protection equipment was activated or used, what caused fire spread, and how people were evacuated. The result of all this is reflected on fire prevention measures for the future. 2 Fire Causes The biggest fire cause in 2014 was arson. The number of arson was 1,381, decreasing by 241 from 2013 and representing 28.7% (2.5 points smaller than 2013) of all the fires. Arson was followed by smoking (710, a decrease of 27), gas kitchen stoves (416, a decrease of 2), large gas cookers (110 cases, an increase of 8), and electric heaters (104 cases, a decrease of 1). Major Fire Causes in 2014 (Fires) 2,000 1,500 1,381 1, Welding machines Cords Cigarette lighters Candles Playing with fire Electric heaters Large gas cookers Gas kitchen stoves & others Smoking Arson

15 3-4 Rescue Operations 1 TFD s Rescue System When the TFD was established in 1948, its rescue service was mainly for saving people from ordinary building fires. As Japanese industries and economy started developing from the middle 1960's, disasters became more complex and diverse. In 1971, the TFD formed the Rescue Units with sophisticated rescue techniques and equipment. In 1996, with lessons learned from the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake, the Fire Rescue Task Forces ( Hyper Rescue ) were formed for the responses to serious earthquakes and other large-scale disasters. On the national level, the emergency response assistance systems for Japan and foreign countries have been reinforced. Specifically, in 1986 rescue units were newly prescribed in a law after the modification of the Fire Service Law and the Fire Organization Law. In 1987, there was the enforcement of the Japan Disaster Relief Team (JDR) Dispatch Law. In 1995, there was the modification of the Fire Organization Law for the change to domestic fire protection assistance with lessons learned from the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake. Also in 1995, there was the establishment of the Emergency Fire Response Teams Activity Outline. In 2003, with the Fire Organization Law s revision, the Emergency Fire Response Teams system was prescribed in a law. The TFD engages in overall rescue operations, mobilizing the Rescue Units, the Fire Rescue Task

16 Forces, the Mountain Rescue Units, the Water Rescue Units and the Aviation Unit. The TFD dispatched the Fire Rescue Task Forces and other rescue units to numerous disasters to conduct rescues and firefighting operations as Emergency Fire Response Teams. They include the torrential rain calamity in Niigata and Fukushima prefectures in July 2004, the Mid Niigata Prefecture Earthquake in October 2004, the Iwate and Miyagi Inland Earthquake in June 2008, the Great East Japan Earthquake in March 2011, and the eruption of Mount Ontake in September The TFD's rescue members who are registered as members of the International Rescue Team of Japan (IRT-JF) are sent to disaster-stricken countries when those countries request the Japanese Government for assistance. They contribute internationally to lifesaving, making full use of the latest technology. The TFD s members of the IRT-JF have responded to overseas disasters 19 times so far. They were dispatched to the earthquake-stricken areas in Sichuan Province of China in May, 2008, in Sumatra, Indonesia in October 2009, in the southern island of New Zealand in February 2011, and in Nepal in April 2015, making dedicated efforts to save lives. 2 Activities of Rescue Units For ordinary rescue in fires and other incidents, pump units respond from fire stations nearest to an incident scene. To devastating incidents, specially-trained Rescue Units members with expertise are dispatched. In case of large-scale disasters such as big earthquakes, building collapses and landslides, the Fire Rescue Task Forces are mobilized. In cooperation with the Aviation Unit, the Water Rescue Units respond to water accidents in Tokyo Bay and rivers, and the Mountain Rescue Units to mountain accidents. 3 Firefighters Safety Management With disasters becoming more complicated, more dangerous and harder for firefighters to fight, on-scene firefighters safety management is more important today. Fire ground operations must be achieved safely and effectively. For the enhancement of the safety management mentioned above, the TFD actively promotes the improvement of safety devices and protective gear for firefighters and the improvement and enhancement of the safety management system for firefighters at the scene of an accident through the activities of emergency responders

17 Deployment of Rescue Units (As of April 1, 2015) Fire District Fire Station Name 1st Kojimachi Kojimachi Rescue Unit Shiba Shiba Rescue Unit 2nd Kamata Kuko Rescue Unit 3rd Meguro Meguro Rescue Unit Setagaya Setagaya Rescue Unit 4th Shinjuku Shinjuku Rescue Unit Suginami Suginami Rescue Unit 5th Toshima Toshima Rescue Unit 6th Adachi Adachi Rescue Unit Ueno Ueno Rescue Unit Joto Joto Rescue Unit 7th Honden Honden Rescue Unit Edogawa Edogawa Rescue Unit Fukagawa Fukagawa Rescue Unit Musashino Musashino Rescue Unit 8th Higashikurume Higashikurume Rescue Unit Fuchu Fuchu Rescue Unit Hachioji Hachioji Rescue Unit 9th Machida Machida Rescue Unit Ome Ome Rescue Unit Tama Tama Rescue Unit Itabashi Itabashi Rescue Unit 10th Nerima Nerima Rescue Unit Shakujii Shakujii Resucue Unit Fire Rescue Task Forces (As of April 1, 2015) Fire District 2nd 3rd 6th 8th 9th Name 2nd District Fire Rescue Task Forces 3rd District Fire Rescue Task Forces 6th District Fire Rescue Task Forces 8th District Fire Rescue Task Forces 9th District Fire Rescue Task Forces Water Rescue Units (As of April 1, 2015) Fire District Fire Station Name 1st Nihonbashi Hamacho Water Rescue Unit Rinko Rinko Water Rescue Unit 2nd Omori Omori Water Rescue Unit 6th Adachi Ayase Water Rescue Unit 7th Koiwa Koiwa Water Rescue Unit 8th Chofu Chofu Water Rescue Unit Mountain Rescue Units (As of April 1, 2015) Fire District Fire Station Name Hachioji Hachioji Mountain Rescue Unit 9th Ome Ome Mountain Rescue Unit Akigawa Akigawa Mountain Rescue Unit Okutama Okutama Mountain Rescue Unit

18 4 Rescue Responses The number of the rescue runs in 2014 was 22,500. Compared with the figure of the year 2013, the number of rescue runs decreased by 657. By type of response, fires, gas, and flight accidents increased compared to the year before, while buildings & structures, traffic accidents, water accidents, accidents involving machinery, falls, mountains, and other incidents decreased. Rescue Runs and Rescued People (Runs) (Persons) 26,000 25,000 24,000 23,000 22,000 21,000 20,000 19,000 18,000 17,000 16,000 15,000 14,000 13,000 22,227 23,026 21,113 25,369 22,593 21,607 21,192 22,139 22,096 19,853 19,760 19,880 救助活動件数 Rescue runs 救助人員 Rescued people 23,721 23,579 23,317 23,157 22,500 21,142 20,793 20,380 20,007 19, (Year) Rescue Runs by Incident Types in 2014 Mountain 159 (0.7%) Gas 74 (0.3%) Fires 129 (0.6%) Collapse 28 (0.1%) Machinery 197 (0.9%) Water accidents 268 (1.2%) Falls 328 (1.5%) Others 812(3.6%) Traffic accidents 4,339 (19.3%) Total 22,500 (100%) Buildings & structures 16,166 (71.8%)

19 3-5 Emergency Medical Services The ambulance service in Tokyo started in 1936 with six ambulances. When the municipal fire service started in Japan in March 1948, the Tokyo Fire Department became responsible for providing the ambulance service for its protection area. As of April 1, 2015 it deploys 240 EMS units throughout Tokyo. As for the legal background, the Ordinance on the Ambulance Service Conducted by Fire Departments was enacted in October It provided the legal basis to the fire department s ambulance services. In March 1973, with the change of citizens life styles, the ordinance was revised and named as the Ordinance on Ambulance Services. It specified the ambulance attendant s care, doctors responses to incident scenes on request, and the promulgation of first-aid knowledge and techniques. In March 1994, the ordinance was partly revised with emphasis on (1) the addition of a paramedic license to ambulance personnel qualifications, (2) promotion of bystander first-aid education and training to as many citizens as possible, and (3) the encouragement to business owners to provide first-aid training to their employees. In October 2004, an incident fact disclosure system was started. To prevent citizens daily accidents, the Tokyo Metropolitan Ordinance was revised, and it enabled the TFD to confirm the factors behind incidents, notify the related persons of potential risks, and disclose this information

20 to the public. In present-day society, there are a lot more elderly people found than ever before, and the changes in life-styles and meal tendencies have made it easier for individuals to suffer from diseases which were uncommon in the past. Under these circumstances, the TFD has so far increased EMS units and the quality of their equipment for greater lifesaving performance, meeting citizens extensive demands for EMS. Regardless of the Department s effort, the demands increase year by year, with the ambulance runs in 2014 reaching 757,554. This is about 7.4 times more runs than in 1963 (102,660) when ambulance service became legal at a national level by the Fire Service Law. In order to meet these growing demands, the TFD takes necessary measures so that ambulance services will be properly used, promoting various matters like the following: (1) the reinforcement of EMS units, (2) the announcement to the public about appropriate for-emergencies-only ambulance service use, (3) the coalition/teamwork with private ambulance service providers for patients, and (4) closer cooperation with hospitals. The paramedic system, established in 1991, has brought about successful results to prehospital care. Paramedics today are allowed to do more than in the past in their medical treatment; they can conduct defibrillation (with electrical shock given to patients on the chest to gain regular heartbeat), endotracheal intubation, and drug administration under general instructions from doctors. The TFD continues to promote various measures for today s sophisticated emergency medical services. The Tokyo Medical Control Council was founded in October 2002 for the development of lifesaving missions. They conduct measures to upgrade the quality of ambulance personnel s treatment, by introducing a post-ems investigation system and others. With automated external defibrillators (AED) coming into public use in July 2004, the TFD conducts both the pumper personnel AED training courses and public AED/first aid training courses. Ambulance Runs and Receiving Hospitals Incident Year Total 699, , , , , , , , , ,544 Acute Illness Traffic Accidents 431, , , , , , , , , ,936 86,670 79,971 74,653 67,799 66,481 66,274 66,001 61,890 58,886 55,219 Others 182, , , , , , , , , ,399 Receiving Hospitals Note: The number of receiving hospitals is as of April 1 of the next year

21 1 EMS Units An EMS unit is made up of an officer, an attendant and a driver, while an EMS helicopter crew is made up of an officer and two medical service members. EMS personnel assess a patient's condition quickly on an incident scene, perform appropriate care such as CPR and stanching of blood, and transport the patient to the nearest hospital best suited for him/her. Besides the requisite training for qualified EMS personnel, more sophisticated training and hospital practices are provided for them in accordance with the progress of emergency medical technologies. Deployment of EMS Units (As of April 1, 2015) Places Number of EMS Units Fire Stations 23 Wards Fire Service Entrusting Areas Total Fire Station Branches Total Fire Stations Fire Station Branches Total Fire Stations Fire Station Branches Total Deployment of EMS Helicopters Places Large craft Mid-sized craft Total Number *Including one mid-sized helicopter of the Ministry of International Affairs and Communications 2 EMS Treatment The main treatments by Emergency Medical Technicians (EMTs) are artificial respiration, cardiac massage, blood stanching, fracture immobilization, oxygen delivering, warm body temperature maintenance, etc. Advanced EMTs can perform such treatments as the maintenance of the airway with a nasal airway, the removal of a foreign object with a laryngoscope and forceps, and blood pressure maintenance with medical anti-shock trousers. Paramedics conduct defibrillation with AED on cardiac arrest patients, maintain the IV line with lactic Ringer solution, and keep non-breath patients airways open using laryngeal tubes. For greater lifesaving performance, paramedics now conduct medical treatment more extensively than in the past. Since April in 2003, they have performed defibrillation in accordance with a protocol, based on a doctor s general instructions. Endotrachael intubation was started in July 2004, cardiotonic (adrenaline) administration began in April 2006, and the use of an adrenaline (epinephrine) autoinjector became possible in March Since April 2014, paramedics have been able to establish venous access in pre-cardiac arrest patients, perform fluid infusions, measure blood sugar, and provide glucose solutions in cases of hypoglycemic attack

22 3 EMS Activities Ambulance Runs in 2014 Traffic accidents 55, % Common injuries 130, % 80, % Total 757, Others Acute illness 490, % Inter-hospital patient transfer 42,366 (5.6%) Assault 7,882 (1.0%) Suicide 5,609 (0.7%) Labor accidents 4,868 (0.6%) Sports 5,203 (0.7%) Fires 3,330 (0.4%) Equipment transport 536 (0.1%) Water accidents 1,073 (0.1%) Doctor transport 259 (0.0%) Natural disasters 44 (0.0%) Others 9,567 (1.3%) * Since figures are rounded off, the total may not match the sum of each figure. The number of the ambulance runs in 2014 was 757,554 or a 1.1% increase from the previous year. This means that one out of 17 residents used ambulance service in Tokyo. On the average, EMS units made 2,075 runs per day, or one EMS unit made 8.8 runs per day. By incident type, acute illnesses were the greatest in number, with 490,936 runs or 64.8% of the total. On the other hand, our EMS helicopters made 430 responses. The TFD will reinforce its helicopter transport system to save more patients and lessen their aftereffects by swift transport. 4 Cooperation of Pumpers and Ambulances The Fire Quick Aid system was started on April 1, 2000 to save victims quickly in accidents in high-rise buildings, underground facilities, small areas, etc. In this system, pump units are dispatched at the same time as EMS units to incident scenes. The Fire Quick Aid responses in 2014 reached 161,951. AED defibrillators came into fire department use in July Since then, pumper personnel have been trained for AED manipulation. AED defibrillators are now unexceptionally found in fire stations and fire station branches. Pump units respond to emergency medical scenes in the following cases: [On the telephone] The patient seems to need immediate rescue and/or treatment due to his/her serious damage. Victim transportation seems to be difficult by an EMS unit only. [In a case of bodily injury] Victims and ambulance members need to be protected

23 [An EMS response to a challenging busy area] An emergency response is made to the location and at the time specified by a fire station chief. [In the vicinity of a fire station (branch)] There is a victim involved in an emergency medical incident, who needs immediate rescue. [In the case where there seems to be a prolonged delay in the arrival of an EMS unit] There is a victim who needs immediate rescue/ems. 5 Use of Cellular Phones (inc. PHS) to Collect Patient Information Cellular phones (including PHS devices) started to be used by on-the-run EMS personnel in April 2002 to collect information on patients from the people concerned at incident scenes and/or from the patients families. This facilitates the effectiveness of EMS units lifesaving activities and bystanders successful performances with advice given to them over the phone, and also helps patients and their families feel relieved with ongoing ambulance activities being told to them. 6 Coordination with Emergency Medical Facilities From April 14, 2002, EMS crews have received information on sick and injured people and given verbal guidance on first-aid treatment to people nearby over wireless phones (PHS, etc.) while en route, in order to make life-saving after their arrival more effective. In addition to improving the effectiveness of first aid, this also provides the sense of security of knowing that the ambulance is on its way to the sick or injured person and their family, etc. On August 31, 2009, the Tokyo Metropolitan Government introduced The Tokyo Rules for Emergency Medical Care to provide prompt and efficient medical services to emergency patients. One of the Rules is the introduction of the Emergency Patients Admission Coordinators. They are part-time employees of the Bureau of Social Welfare and Public Health assigned to the TFD s Command and Control Center. In cases where all hospitals in one region refuse admission of emergency patients, these coordinators intervene and look for a hospital outside that region throughout Tokyo. The Tokyo Rules for Emergency Medical Care is a system operated by the TMG s Bureau of Social Welfare and Public Health, the Tokyo Medical Association and the Tokyo Fire Department to solve the difficulty of finding hospitals for emergency patients. The TFD coordinates closely with Critical Care Medical Centers and other medical facilities through direct telephone lines. It gathers the latest information on the availability of emergency hospitals and on-duty hospitals after hours through computer terminals. The information is provided to responding EMS units for the selection of hospitals, or provided to citizens and medical facilities on request

24 Medical advisors (doctors) are stationed at the TFD HQ Command and Control Center and the Tama Command and Control Center each. They give medical instructions and advice to field EMS units. As of April 1, 2015, as many as 277 doctors from 34 medical facilities are registered for this purpose. Types of Emergency Hospitals (As of April 1, 2015) 317 Hospitals 7 Clinics National and Public Hospitals National TMG Independent Administrative Institution Municipal Japan Red Cross Other Private Municipal Other Total Appropriate Use of Ambulance Services Ambulance runs continued to rise, reaching a record high of 757,554 runs in 2014, and staying at a high level. The time from turnout to arrival on scene was 7 minutes and 54 seconds in 2014, exactly the same time as the previous year. In the future, as the aging of the population advances and the number of ambulance runs may increase for unnecessary or non-emergency reasons, the response time may well increase and leave savable lives unattended. To address this problem, the TFD carries out various measures to send ambulances appropriately and effectively to those who need their services most. It calls on citizens to use ambulance services correctly according to the rules. It provides hospital information websites, and encourages citizens to use the services of the Tokyo Private Ambulance Call Center, which introduces non-emergency transport services to hospitals for a fee. 8 Emergency Telephone Consultation Center in the Tokyo Fire Department The Emergency Telephone Consultation Center in the Tokyo Fire Department accepts inquiries from persons who are not sure whether they should call an ambulance or go to hospital on their own. The team of a physician, nurses and former EMT s answer such inquiries on a 24-hour basis throughout the year. At the Center, a team of physicians, nurses and former EMT s answer such inquiries on a 24-hour basis throughout the year. Furthermore, the Center provides the

25 Tokyo EMS Guide by which users can confirm the urgency of the situation and whether it is necessary to go to a medical institution using a computer, mobile telephone, or smartphone. The Council examines the Center s work performance and protocols, and discusses better management system, so that it can ensure quality services to residents. Telephone Numbers of the Emergency Telephone Consultation Center Category Emergency Telephone Consultation Center 23-ward area #7119 Tama area Tokyo EMS Guide URL Category Computer and smartphone URL Mobile phone URL Tokyo EMS Guide Patient s Triage before EMS Transport The TFD conducts the ambulance teams triage on scene. On arriving an incident scene, ambulance crew assess the patient s condition based on the triage standard sheet for transport. If urgency is not recognized, they request the patient to visit the hospital on his/her own if they agree, although the ambulance crew give them first-aid advice and hospital information. 10 Promulgation of First-Aid Skills First aid given by a bystander before the arrival of an ambulance is crucial for the survival of a victim. To be skilled in first aid is very important for citizens to help each other in a mass-casualty incident such as an earthquake. The TFD works hard to familiarize citizens with first-aid knowledge and techniques. From January 2012, a 90-minute first aid introduction course and a step-up system for advanced courses were started by way of the new training system resulting from a revision to the JRC resuscitation guidelines. The TFD entrusts part of its first-aid training programs to the Tokyo Emergency First-Aid Association (a public interest incorporated foundation). In addition, training courses are given to private ambulance service providers and private sector emergency responders taking action with an automatic emergency reporting system

26 Main Courses of First-Aid Training Course for Life Saving Course for Life Saving and Injury Treatment Course for First-Aid Instructor 3 hours 4 hours 2⅓ hrs 2 hours 8 hours 3 hours 5 hours 24 hours 3 hours Standard First-Aid Course Standard First-Aid Course (for AED Operators) Standard First-Aid Retraining Course Standard First-Aid Step-Up Course Advanced First-Aid Course Advanced First-Aid Retraining Course Advanced First Aid Step-Up Course First-Aid Instructor s Course First-Aid Instructor s Retraining Course Adult CPR, AED, first aid for choking, stanching and others A course for persons who have attended the introductory first aid course within the last 12 months and who wish to obtain first aid skills certification. CPR for adults/children/infants, AED, injury treatment, patient management and transportation (The contents of AED Operator s Course are included.) A course for persons who have attended the regular first aid course or regular first aid refresher course within the last 12 months and who wish to obtain first aid skills certification. For company employees to be qualified as first-aid instructors The organizations to contact for related training courses are the Tokyo Disaster Prevention & Emergency Medical Service Association, fire stations, fire station divisions and fire station branches. 11 Conveyance of Life-Is-Priceless Messages to Junior / Senior High School Students Based on the Tokyo Metropolitan Government s revolutionary measure, the TFD has been conveying the Life-Is-Priceless messages to junior and senior high school students since July 1, For message conveyance, the TFD personnel including paramedics visit schools and tell students about their major rescue experiences so that the students can have a deep understanding of the importance of life safety and teamwork. This activity helps next-generation young people attain sound physical and spiritual growth, and leads to the effective first aid education for bystanders. In 2014, the TFD gave first-aid lectures/courses (with certificate) to 34,486 junior high school students (314 schools) and 24,620 high school students (185 schools). It also gave flexible first-aid training to 24,060 junior and senior high school students (141 schools). 12 Guidance and Certification to Private Non-Emergency Ambulance Services for Patients Private ambulance services are for the non-emergency transfer of patients between hospitals, the transportation of people for hospitalization/discharge, the convenience for outpatients, etc. Private ambulance service providers assist people with bed-, or wheelchair-provided ambulances. The demands for the services continue to rise highly in an aging society

27 The TFD worked on the legalization of the system to certify private ambulance providers and display their names. This system was successfully adopted as an ordinance on October 1, It specifies the certification procedures, the responsibilities of the certifying body, how to display certification, how to announce providers names, performance report details and their review. Providers fulfilling certain standards are certified as TFD Licensed Private Non-Emergency Ambulance Provider. As of the end of March 2015, 220 companies (243 workplaces with 340 ambulances) are certified as such. Previous to this legalization, the Tokyo Private Ambulance Call Center was established in the Tokyo Emergency First-Aid Association in April 2005 to promote proper use of fire department s ambulance services. This Center keeps the update on the availability of private ambulances to provide an integrated information service to citizens. In September 2005, the Center started the Support Cab (Taxi) system for users who are able to walk on their own. In March 2006, the Coordinating Council for the Member Providers of the Tokyo Private Ambulance Call Center was established. The TFD concluded the Agreement on Disaster Victim Transportation with the Council and takes measures for mass-casualty incidents which require a large number of transporting vehicles including ambulances. 13 First Aid Encouragement Program Prompt and appropriate first aid by bystanders present at the scene of the emergency is crucial in saving more lives. In addition to building effective first-aid systems at offices, shopping districts, and town and neighborhood associations (hereafter, offices ) and increasing the capacity for independent first-aid, it is necessary for workers to proactively attend life-saving courses in order to ensure the safety of visitors and local residents. Against this background, the TFD aims to realize an even safer society through issuing a Certificate of the Excellent Completion of a First-Aid Course to offices that continue to be proactive in taking lifesaving courses and contribute to the development of a region in which residents can live with peace of mind. As of the end of March 2015, the TFD has issued the Certificate of the Excellent Completion of a First-Aid Course to 1,212 offices. [Details of the system] 1 Organizations subject to issuance of a certificate of excellence Offices (limited to those with 20 and more employees), shopping districts, town and neighborhood associations, educational institutions, chain stores with certain business formats that handle the same types of items, and other organizations that the TFD EMS Division Chief recognizes as having the potential to contribute to society in the TFD service area

28 2 Conditions for issuance Offices at which there is a person with first-aid training or a first-aid instructor present and active in promoting first-aid training, and which meet the following conditions. (1) Offices: 30% or more of all employees have completed a first-aid course that is within its term of validity. (2) Shopping districts: 30% or more of all shops in the shopping district have at least one employee who has completed a first-aid course that is within its term of validity. (3) Town and neighborhood associations: 30% or more of all households in the town or neighborhood associations have at least one member who has completed a first-aid course that is within its term of validity. (4) Other organizations: 30% or more of all members have completed a first-aid course that is within its term of validity. 3 Publication of offices issued with a certificate of excellence In order to make residents aware of safe and secure offices, promote the status of such, and further increase awareness, the names of offices issued with a certificate are published on the TFD website and on the TFD Twitter and Facebook pages. 4 Issuance of the Excellency Mark In combination with the current Certificate of the Excellent Completion of a First-Aid Course, the TFD will deliver an Excellency Mark, which the offices issued with a certificate of excellence may display at their discretion. 14 First Aid Service Award The award is intended to seek entries from the offices and so on that are working to establish first aid systems to respond to emergency situations, commend effective measures, broadly publicize successful cases, and enhance relief capabilities in communities. (1) Eligible organizations Organizations (offices, shopping districts, towns and neighbourhood associations, educational institutions) that have received the Excellency Marks under the first-aid encouragement program (2) Entry topics a. Measures to encourage first aid courses in order to develop first aid systems b. Measures to reinforce the collaboration between offices, etc. and the local community (3) Screening Screening will be conducted by the Tokyo First Aid Promotion Council

29 (4) Awarding To be conducted during the Emergency Medical Service Week. 15 Tokyo Metropolitan Government s First Aid Promotion Council In March 2005 the EMS Service Social Association of the Tokyo Fire Department, an advisory group to the Fire Chief, proposed in its 25th report the establishment of the Tokyo First-Aid Promotion Council for the effective spread of first aid education. Based on this proposal the Council was established in July 2005 with the participation of 21 public and private bodies, including the TFD and the Japanese Red Cross Society. (25 bodies as of March 31, 2015) The Council aims at 1) 50% percent performance rate of bystander CPR among the cardiac arrest patients, and 2) promote information on how to use the AED to 20% (2.24 million people) of the 15 to 69 age group of the daytime population of Tokyo. An agreement was made among the members of the Council to work to attain this goal

30 TOPIC 2 Overview of English-Using EMS Units To establish an environment where foreign nationals, who are expected to increase in numbers in the leadup to the 2020 Tokyo Olympic and Paralympic Games, can make use of ambulence services with peace of mind, the operation of English-using EMS units began on April 1, English-Using EMS Units English-using EMS units are the EMS units that have ambulance attendants with English-language skills* to assess the condition of foreign patients, deal with other concerned persons and appropriately and quickly transport foreign patients. * English-language skills mean the English skills necessary to perform emergency activities and to deal with foreign patients according to foreign practices and so on. English-using ambulance attendant Response and treatment in English Foreign Patient Assessing 容態把握等 condition Dealing 関係者等への対応 with others Tokyo, where foreign residents can feel at Appropriate ease and rapid transportation Assignment of ambulance attendants with English-language skills Ambulance attendants with English-language skills are assigned to 13 units at 8 stations in regions with high percentages of foreign nationals. The program will be expanded in the leadup to the 2020 Tokyo Olympic and Paralympic Games. Fire station EMS units Fire station EMS units Marunouchi Marunochi EMS Unit Kamata Airport EMS Unit Kyobashi Kyobashi and Ginza Shibuya No. 1 & No. 2 EMS Shibuya EMS Units Units Rinko Tsukishima EMS Okubo, Nishishinjuku No. 1 and Shinjuku Unit Nishishinjuku No. 2 EMS Units Shiba Shiba EMS Unit Fukagawa Ariake & Toyosu EMS Units

31 3-6 Measures against Special Incidents 1 Removal of Hazards This includes the prevention of fires and the mitigation of human damage in case of spills of hazardous materials or materials with hazardous properties such as NBC materials (nuclear, biological or chemical), and the removal of natural phenomena-caused hazards. Total Cases , % Types % Hazardous materials Handling of fire 5, % Gas Others 1, % In 2014, TFD units attended to 5,432 incidents to remove hazards. This includes 1,989 hazardous materials incidents (36.6%), 748 gas incidents (13.8%), and 240 (4.4%) incidents caused by the inappropriate use of fire. In Tokyo there are tens of thousands of hazardous materials facilities which store or handle hazardous materials or materials with hazardous NBC properties. These hazardous chemicals are transported in large amounts by trucks. In order to cope with hazardous material or NBC material disasters, the TFD deploys the 3rd and 9th District Fire Rescue Task Forces, and nine Hazmat Units in fire stations. These teams are equipped with various Hazmat equipment including mass-spectrometers and staffed by crew who have completed special courses on hazardous materials and materials with NBC properties. Further, the TFD has formed an on-scene advisory system in which an agreement was made with hazardous materials specialists (including toxic, corrosive, and radioactive materials, etc.) to obtain their advice during incident operations

32 Hazmat Units (As of April 1, 2015) District Fire Station Unit Name 1st Fire District Akasaka Akasaka Hazmat Unit 2nd Fire District Oi Oi Hazmat Unit 5th Fire District Hongo Hongo Hazmat Unit 6th Fire District Senju Senju Hazmat Unit 7th Fire District Joto Ojima Hazmat Unit 8th Fire District Mitaka Mitaka Hazmat Unit Higashimurayama Higashimurayama Hazmat Unit 9th Fire District Fussa Fussa Hazmat Unit 10th Fire District Shimura Shimurasakaue Hazmat Unit 2 Flood Emergencies In Tokyo there are 127 large and small rivers, and sea-level lowland areas. 821 places are designated as the Flood Protection Hazardous Areas (in case of rivers managed by the Land, Infrastructure and Transportation Ministry) and the Important Flood Protection Places (in case of rivers managed by the TMG), since such places have a high risk of inundation once a flood or high tide occurs. Fortunately Tokyo has not suffered major flood damage like river bank collapses since 1975, but it has much more urban flooding with small-, and medium-sized rivers overflowing banks, and low-lying ground becoming inundated. From the time the Meteorological Agency reports to the TFD the coming of an abnormal weather such as typhoons or heavy rains, the TFD keeps close watch on the changes of weather conditions including the route of a typhoon and rainfalls. If flood is imminent, the Department places its personnel on the alert to prepare against emergencies. The TFD also obtains information on the weather and the water level of the rivers from the TMG s Disaster Information System and the Meteorological Agency s Disaster Weather Information System, so that early warning and response alert can be issued to fire stations. Depending on weather conditions or the extent of flood damage, the TFD issues the Flood Alert or the Flood Red Alert, and calls back off-duty personnel and volunteer fire corps members to be on the alert. (1) Flood Alert This is issued in the following circumstances to have fire personnel gather flood information and be prepared against possible disasters

33 Issued by Fire Suppression Deputy Division Chief Fire District Chief Fire Unit Commander Criteria for issuing 1. It is necessary to enhance information collection because a typhoon is heading towards the eastern part of Japan. 2. A tsunami alert is announced for the Tokyo Bay area. 3. It is necessary to enhance information collection because of weather conditions or other events. 1. It is necessary to enhance information collection because a heavy rain or flood alert is announced for the area of jurisdiction. 2. It is necessary to enhance information collection because of weather conditions or other events. 1. A heavy rainfall or flood alert is announced for the area of jurisdiction. 2. It is necessary to enhance information collection because of weather conditions or other events. (2) Flood Response Alert This is issued in the following circumstances to summon off-duty personnel and volunteer fire corps members to get them ready for disasters. Alerts Issued by the Commander of Fire Suppression Headquarters Type of deployment Flood Response Alert Phase 1 Flood Response Alert Phase 2 Flood Response Alert Phase 3 Flood Response Alert Phase 4 Criteria for issuing 1. A typhoon is heading towards the eastern part of Japan; or a high tide alert is announced for the Tokyo area and damage is occurring or is likely to occur. 2. A large tsunami alert is announced for the Tokyo Bay area. 3. Damage is occurring or is likely to occur due to weather conditions or other events. 1. A typhoon is heading towards the Kanto area; or a high tide or hurricane alert is announced and significant damage is occurring or is likely to occur. 2. Significant damage is occurring or is likely to occur due to weather conditions or other events. 1. A typhoon is heading towards the Kanto area; or a high tide or hurricane alert is announced, and large-scale damage is occurring or is likely to occur. 2. A heavy rain emergency warning, a storm surge emergency warning or a storm emergency warning is issued for any of the municipalities under the jurisdiction of the TFD. 3. Large-scale damage is occurring or is likely to occur due to weather conditions or other events. 1. A heavy rain emergency warning or a storm surge emergency warning is issued for the whole jurisdiction of the TFD. 2. Severe damage is occurring or is likely to occur due to weather conditions or other events. Deployed personnel On-duty firefighters and the necessary firefighters working at time of the alert On-duty firefighters as well as a third of offduty firefighters and the required number of volunteer firefighters On-duty firefighters as well as a half of offduty firefighters and necessary number of volunteer firefighters All firefighters and volunteer firefighters

34 Alerts which can be issued by Fire District Commanders Type of deployment Flood Response Alert Phase 1 Flood Response Alert Phase 2 Criteria for issuing 1. A heavy rain or flood alert is announced for the area of jurisdiction and damage is occurring or is likely to occur. 2. Damage is occurring or is likely to occur due to inundation from ruptured water pipes or floodgate malfunction, etc. 3. Damage is occurring or is likely to occur due to weather conditions or other events. 1. A heavy rain or flood alert or landslide damage alert information is announced for the area of jurisdiction and significant damage is occurring or is likely to occur. 2. Significant damage is occurring or is likely to occur due to inundation from rising or overflowing rivers, ruptured water pipes or floodgate malfunction, etc. 3. Severe damage is occurring or is likely to occur due to weather conditions or other events. Deployed personnel On-duty firefighters and the necessary number of firefighters working at time of the alert On-duty firefighters as well as the required number of off-duty firefighters and volunteer firefighters Alerts which can be issued by Fire Station Chiefs Type of deployment Flood Response Alert Phase 1 Flood Response Alert Phase 2 Criteria for issuing 1. A heavy rain or flood alert is announced for the area of jurisdiction and damage is occurring or is likely to occur. 2. Damage is occurring or is likely to occur due to inundation from ruptured water pipes or floodgate malfunction, etc. 3. Damage is occurring or is likely to occur due to weather conditions or other events. 1. A heavy rain or flood alert or landslide damage alert information is announced for the area of jurisdiction and significant damage is occurring or is likely to occur. 2. Significant damage is occurring or is likely to occur due to inundation from rising or overflowing rivers, ruptured water pipes or floodgate malfunction, etc. 3. Severe damage is occurring or is likely to occur due to weather conditions or other events. Deployed personnel On-duty firefighters and the necessary number of firefighters working at time of the alert On-duty firefighters as well as the required number of off-duty firefighters and volunteer firefighters

35 3 Flood Control Activities In 2014, the TFD issued Flood Alert 15 times, Flood Red Alert Phase One 12 times and Flood Red Alert Phase Two (fire district level and fire station level) 5 times and conducted flood control. The following chart shows the flood damage and the TFD s control activities. A total of 2,391 firefighters (including volunteer fire corps members) responded for the mitigation of the flood damage

36 Flood emergencies within the TFD service area (In 2014) Dates June 6-8 June 9-10 June 24: 1 June 24: 2 June 25 June July July July July 27 Aug 9-11 Sep 10 Sep 11 Oct 5-6 Oct Reasons Heavy Rain and Flood Warning Heavy Rain and Flood Warning Heavy Rain and Flood Warning Heavy Rain and Flood Warning Heavy Rain and Flood Warning Heavy Rain and Flood Warning Typhoon (No.8) Heavy Rain and Flood Warning Heavy Rain and Flood Warning Heavy Rain and Flood Warning Typhoon (No.11) Heavy Rain and Flood Warning Heavy Rain and Flood Warning Typhoon (No.18) Typhoon (No.19) Total Damage Flood Control Activities Alert Types Flood Response Phase 1 Flood Response Phase 1 Flood Alert Flood Response Phase 1 Flood Response Phase 1 Flood Response Phase 1 Flood Response Phase 2 Flood Response Phase 1 Flood Response Phase 2 Flood Alert Flood Response Phase 1 Flood Response Phase 2 Flood Alert Flood Response Phase 2 Flood Response Phase 2 Number of Flood Flooded (above the floor) Flooded (under the floor) Buildings Flooded (in basements) Totally Destroyed 0 Half Destroyed 1 1 Partially Destroyed Road Submerged Road Damaged 1 1 Landslide Structures River Bank Collapsed 0 Overflow 0 River Bank Damaged 2 2 Others Dead 0 Missing 0 People Injured 0 Evacuated 0 Rescued 3 3 Flood Control Rescue 1 1 Draining Posting Cordon Area 1 1 Activities Evacuation 0 Water Flow Blocked Traffic Blocked 1 1 Assisting Other Agencies Others Number of Fire and Rescue Vehicles Number of People Career Firefighters Volunteer Firefighters (Data totaled on April 1, 2015)

37 3-7 Aviation Unit The Aviation Unit of the TFD was born in November 1966 as the first aviation unit of the fire department in Japan. It protects citizens safety by providing aerial fire services for more than 45 years. To deal with an increasing demand for its services, the Aviation Unit helicopters are deployed in two locations: Tachikawa City and Koto Ward, so they can respond to all areas of Tokyo promptly. The TFD started Tokyo-type doctor helicopter services, where doctors get on board the helicopter to perform life-support care to the victims carried from the mountains or islands to improve their survival rates and prompt recovery. The Unit responds to major disaster sites in other prefectures in Japan as a member team of the Emergency Fire Response Teams, and conducts rescue, EMS, firefighting, emergency supply transport and information gathering. To major disasters overseas, the Unit is dispatched as members of the International Rescue Team of Japanese Fire Service. It responded, for example, to the cyclone disaster in Bangladesh, the forest fire in Indonesia and the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake. 1 Current Status of the Aviation Unit In FY 2013, the number of Konotori large helicopter was increased, and the Aviation Unit and the Koto Aviation Center are now provided with eight helicopters (four large and four medium-size models) including the helicopters of the Fire and Disaster Management Agency of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications. The helicopters are engaged in various types of fire service missions. TFD Helicopters (As of April 1, 2015) Name Type Deployed Month & Year Chidori AS365N2 Dauphin II April 1997 Kamome AS365N3 Dauphin II April 2009 Tsubame AS365N3 Dauphin II April 2010 Otaka (MIC helicopter) AS365N3 Dauphin II April 2006 Hibari AS332L1 Super Puma June 2001 Yurikamome EC225LP - April 2008 Konotori EC225LP - March 2014 Hacucho EC225LP - April 2014 * MIC : Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications

38 2 Activities of the Aviation Unit The Aviation Unit carries out the following activities: Firefighting, information gathering with helicopter TV cameras, and aerial command Patient transportation in case of emergency Photo taking, PR work and various investigations in the air Much is expected of helicopters for their maneuverability at the time of a major earthquake when ground operations are restricted. Meanwhile, Emergency Fire Response Teams, acting under the Fire Service Aviation Assistance System for Wide Area, responded by helicopter to the large-scale disasters including the Mid- Niigata Prefecture Earthquake in October 2004, the Iwate-Miyagi Inland Earthquake in June 2008, the Great East Japan Earthquake in March 2011, and landslides in Oshima Island in October 2013, and also to the forest fires in the Kanto region and its neighboring prefectures for firefighting and fact-finding. For the eruption of Mount Ontake in September 2014, 9 aircrafts were dispatched to transport personnel and equipment and collect information of the area. In addition, the Aviation Unit also assists the International Rescue Team of Japanese Fire-Service; the team, flying into the areas of disasters, engaged effectively in rescue operations at the sites of earthquake-triggered tsunami, forest fires, and so on in foreign countries. Expectations are higher now that the Team will demonstrate its great mobility both in Japan and overseas. Helicopter Responses (past 5 years) Year Category Fire EMS Disaster Rescue Drill Investigation Patrol & PR Testing Training Education and development Others , , , , ,599 TOTAL since ,725 9,281 2,359 1,839 2,754 3,426 8,139 11,100 4,231 3,806 51,660 Total

39 TOPIC 3 Air Fire Rescue Task Forces (Air Hyper Rescue) The Tokyo Fire Department newly organized the Fire Rescue Task Forces to respond to the incidents in inaccessible areas, such as high rise buildings and isolated areas affected by landslides.using the mobility of helicopters, the Fire Rescue Task Forces arrive at the site by air and conducts firefighting, rescue, and EMS operations promptly and effectively. Operations in a high rise Operations in an isolated area

40 3-8 Port Fire Service Tokyo Bay, which serves as Tokyo s maritime gateway to the world, is increasing in importance as a logistics terminal that supports industry and the lives of some 40 million people in the Tokyo Metropolitan region. As a result, port facilities are being expanded and enhanced and large-scale development is underway at the Tokyo waterfront sub-center and other areas. In addition to the comprehensive logistics basis for maritime transport, plans also call for the development of new passenger ship docks to accommodate the increasing number of cruise ship passengers and other major changes are taking place in the area. It is also becoming a city center for leisure including marine parks, education, culture, and sports. In the lead up to the 2020 Tokyo Olympics and Paralympics, further development and increases in large vessels are expected in surrounding areas. Amidst such circumstances, the TFD is planning to upgrade fire stations to meet the future urban development and administrative demands of the new Tokyo waterfront sub-center. TFD Fireboats (As of April 1, 2015) Less than 10 tons From 10 tons to 100 tons Fireboats From 100 tons to 200 tons Total Fireboats Responses (In 2014) Total Fires Others Drills & others

41 3-9 Volunteer Fire Corps 1 Volunteer Fire Corps in the 23-Ku Area (1) Organization Volunteer Fire Corps were created in accordance with the Imperial Command issued in Based on the Ordinance on the Establishment of the Volunteer Fire Corps in the 23-Ku Area, the Corps were formed in each fire station's service area. (2) Duties Much is expected to the activities of Volunteer Fire Corps in times of emergencies as the organizations closely related to communities. They are given important duties as an integral part of the TFD Disaster Plan. They conduct firefighting, flood control and rescue in cooperation with TFD firefighters. Also, volunteers give training to community residents on fire prevention, initial firefighting, first aid with AED and rescue to prepare for earthquakes. In times of disasters, they take actions according to pre-determined roles. (3) Command Structure of Volunteer Fire Corp Volunteer Fire Corps System Ordinary Times Volunteer Fire Chief Deputy Chief (General Corps HQ Affairs Branch Chief) Staff Deputy Chief (Fire Corps HQ Suppression Branch Chief) Staff Deputy Chief (Training Branch Chief) Deputy Chief (Disaster Branch Chief) Deputy Chief (Education Branch Chief) Corps HQ Staff Corps HQ Staff Corps HQ Staff Deputy Chief (Accounting Corps HQ Branch Chief) Staff Fire Corps Branch Fire Corps Branch Fire Chief Disaster Times Deputy Chief Corps HQ Staff Deputy (Division command) Chief Corps HQ Staff HQ command & division command Deputy (Division command) Chief Corps HQ Staff Deputy (Division command) Chief Corps HQ Staff Fire Corps Branch Fire Corps Branch Fire Corps Branch Fire Corps Branch Fire Corps Branch Fire Corps Branch Fire Corps Branch Fire Corps Branch For corps with 400 members or more only (Note) In case of the addition of a special skill team, it is led by one Deputy Chief as a commander

42 Resources of Volunteer Fire Corps of the 23-Ku Area (As of April 1, 2015) Volunteer Fire Corps Volunteer Fire Corps Division Corps Members ,000 Main Equipment & Tools Portable pumps 990 Vans to carry portable pumps 223 Fire Corps Division facilities 990 Portable radios (400 MHz) 1,728 Rescue tools 990 Portable hydraulic rescue tools 439 (4) Measures to Reinforce Volunteer Fire Corps Recruiting more members Recruitment from a broader range of groups, including office workers, college students and women on the basis of the concept of having community residents as volunteers Promoting the Certificate for Srudent s Volunteer Fire Corps Activities Promoting the PR of workplaces in Coorperation with Volunteer Fire Corps Improvement of the Division HQ facilities Promoting the improvement of the Division HQ facilities as operational bases Enhancement of Corps disaster response capabilities Increasing the number of vehicles loaded with portable pumps Provision of headlights Increasing the number of portable hydraulic rescue equipment Development of On-the-Ground III-Category Special Radio Operators Provision of emergency food supplies for Volunteer Fire Corps members Recruitment Poster Certificate of Volunteer Fire Corps Cooperating Company Corps Branch HQ Building Portable Pump Carrier

43 2 Volunteer Fire Corps of Tama and Islands The 25 cities, three towns and one village in the Tama area entrust their fire protection to the TFD. However, volunteer fire corps activities and firefighting water sources management are among the responsibilities of those municipalities. In Tama, due to its regional characteristics, its local people have traditionally placed high expectations of the activities of volunteer fire corps. The volunteer fire corps members of Tama receive training at the Tokyo Fire Training School or a fire station in Tama. Volunteer members from islands are trained at the School. On the fire ground, volunteer corps work under the command of TFD fire station chiefs. This is stipulated in the Fire Service Organization Law. Resources of Volunteer Fire Corps of Tama and Islands (As of April 1, 2015) Resources Volunteer Fire Apparatus District Fire Members Small PR vehicles Corps Pumpers Containers pumps & others Fire service Tama entrusting areas 29 7, Other areas Islands 10 1, TOTAL 40 9,

44 TOPIC 4 Recruitment of Volunteer Fire Corps Members TOPIC 3 The TFD conducts recruitment throughout the year in order to maintain the number of firefighters. Recruitment and PR activities are intensified in the period from January to March to replace the firefighters who retire at the end of the fiscal year. Based on the Tokyo Volunteer Fire Corps Day on January 15, the month of January sees intensive firefighter recruitment activities with various sign-up and PR activities promoted in Tokyo during this period