Report of fire tests on Li-ion batteries based on condensed aerosol

Transcription

1 Wednesday, December 7, 2016 Final report Kiwa Report of fire tests on Li-ion batteries based on condensed aerosol Colofon Title Report of fire tests on Li-ion batteries based on condensed aerosol Project Number Date Concept; Friday, November 11, 2016 Final; Wednesday, December 7, 2016 Pages 14, including this page Project Manager E.V. Teubler Contractor Fire Safety 4 You B.V. Contact Person R.G.C. Reijns Quality Assurance P.E. Voshol Auteur(s) E.V. Teubler 2016 Kiwa N.V. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a database or retrieval system, or published, in any form or in any way, electronically, mechanically, by print, photoprint, microfilm or any other means without prior written permission from the publisher. This report is not publicly available, but distributed only to the client(s) who commissioned this project. Distribution of the report is done only by and under responsibility of the client. This report is exclusively related to the tests as mentioned in this report and performed and/or witnessed by Kiwa. Kiwa Nederland B.V. is not to blame for any incorrect interpretation or reproduction of data for the under this report delivered data. Signature: Kiwa Nederland B.V. PO box AM Nieuwegein The Netherlands E.V. Teubler Product Manager Kiwa Nederland B.V.

2 Content Content 1 1 Preface 2 2 Overview of test set up 3 3 Tests preformed Describtion of the test set up Mobile activation control unit (MACU) Tests, requirements and observations Description of test steps Requirements Calculation of aerosol density Calculation basic design Kiwa BRL-K23001 and BRL-K23003 in relation to calculation Observations Results Interpretation of data Equipement for data collection during tests 13 4 Conclusion Note 14 Kiwa N.V December 7 th, 2016

3 1 Preface Kiwa Nederland BV has been asked by Fire Safety 4 You B.V. to wittiness and report on fire tests on Li-ion batteries. Well known fact is that, once started, a li-ion battery fire is practically unstoppable and therefore difficult to extinguish. This report contains the description of the test and the results of the tests according the test protocol FS4Y-RR-0155-V The test protocol is drafted by Fire Safety 4 You B.V. and accepted by all parties involved. The test set-up was engineered, delivered and installed by Fire Safety 4 You, master distributor of FirePro Systems Ltd. The tests were performed at Twente Safety Campus, located at Oude Vliegveldweg, Deurningen, The Netherlands In the firefighting industry, the following definitions, related to the effect of an agent or system on a fire, are commonly used: Extinguishing mode, put out a fire Suppression mode, sharply reducing the heat release and preventing a regrowth of a fire Control mode, decrease the heat release of a fire Primary goal of the test is to determine if a condensed aerosol system is able to achieve the last two modes, Suppression and Control mode. Reason for this is to be able to install a condensed aerosol system in a lorry or container that is capable to insure a safe way of transporting new or used li-ion batteries over a period of at least 30 minutes after ignition of a battery. Parties involved are: Kiwa Nederland BV Fire Safety 4 You BV Van Peperzeel BV Bureau van Deutekom Contact persons are: Kiwa Nederland BV, Erik Teubler Fire Safety 4 You BV, Robert Reijns Van Peperzeel BV, Johan van Peperzeel Bureau van Deutekom, Huib van Deutekom Kiwa is an accredited certification body by the RvA (Dutch Accreditation Council) for condensed aerosol, see scope C361 on The RvA is a co-signatory to the ILAC and IAF Multilateral Recognition Arrangements. Kiwa N.V December 7 th, 2016

4 2 Overview of test set up Overview by Kiwa on October 13 th, 2016 at Twente Safety Campus 40 feet container, test will be conducted inside this container Inside 40 feet container Battery before activation Kiwa N.V December 7 th, 2016

5 Battery manufacturer Cleantron, capacity is kwh fully charged Battery before activation and prepared with glow plug (Beru GE 10) Note: Battery placement in the green bin or other container is done according the standard procedure of van Peperzeel BV and must be followed at all times. In general, batteries do not touch each other and are separated by filling material. Glow plug (Beru GE 10) Kiwa N.V December 7 th, 2016

6 Inside container and in right green container with battery before activation and prepared with glow plug Battery for the activation of the glow plug Inside container, 3 generators FirePro FP5700 pre-installed Note: 1 generator will be activated per test Kiwa N.V December 7 th, 2016

7 3 Tests preformed 3.1 Describtion of the test set up The test is performed in a 40 feet container. In the container, several cradles, square and round containers/bins and other objects, were placed in order to create a realistic test and to be able to determine any adverse effect on surrounding materials. The smoke detectors are positioned at the ceiling of the container and evenly spread. Positions are according standard NEN2535. The green bin with the battery is placed halfway the container and is partially surrounded by other objects. On the right side of the container a path was left open to get clear access to and clear view on the green bin. This is done intentionally for safety reasons and the installation of a camera (go pro) at the entrance of the container (right side on floor). The cables of the smoke detectors and aerosol generators are carried through a small opening in the side of the container. On the outside these are connected to the mobile activation control unit (MACU). Kiwa N.V December 7 th, 2016

8 Mobile activation control unit (MACU) open. Kiwa N.V December 7 th, 2016

9 Mobile activation control unit (MACU) closed Mobile activation control unit (MACU) The MACU control panel has been used during the test. See report on MACO dated October 13th, The purpose of the test is to establish the functional performance requirements for a fire alarm control panel based on the principles in the guideline BRL-K Tests, requirements and observations See test protocol FS4Y-RR-0155-V drafted by Mr. R.G.C. Reijns of Fire Safety for You Description of test steps Test steps: 1. Closing of the container and activation of MACU control panel and monitoring systems 2. Activation of the glow plug 3. Ignition of battery to achieve a thermal reaction and burning of the battery 4. Fire detection system detects fire 5. Activation of aerosol generators, soak time of 30 minutes starts 6. Opening of container, venting of container and observations 7. Data collection general and from the monitoring system Requirements Three successive tests, no flaming or re-ignition 30 minutes after the end of extinguishant discharge. Kiwa N.V December 7 th, 2016

10 Calculation of aerosol density Calculation effective amount per m³ in grams & Building name/no. TEST IN 40FT CONTAINER Safety factor 1 Room name/no. To protect m³ Length 55,984 Width 1 Height 1 Bruto m³ 55,98 % of filling Fire Class / m³ 55, % A & E B C F Total effect. per m³ 55,2 52,0 30,0 76,0 55,984 Amount of grams Type unit Effective ext. agent per unit Number of units, Class A&E Number of units, Class B Number of units, Class C Number of units, Class F Number of units Design A & E 3.090,32 B 2.911,17 C 1.679,52 F 4.254,78 Amount FP-20E FP-20T FP-40E FP-40T FP-80E FP-80T FP-100 FP-200 FP-500 FP-1200 FP-2000 FP-3000 FP-4200 FP-5700 aerosol 12,0 14,0 24,4 24,8 47,2 48,0 61,0 118,0 330,0 756, , , , ,0 in gram 257,5 220,7 126,7 124,6 65,5 64,4 50,7 26,2 9,4 4,1 2,6 1,7 1,2 0,9 272,7 242,6 207,9 119,3 117,4 61,7 60,6 47,7 24,7 8,8 3,9 2,4 1,6 1,2 0,9 451,8 140,0 120,0 68,8 67,7 35,6 35,0 27,5 14,2 5,1 2,2 1,4 0,9 0,7 0, ,5 354,6 303,9 174,4 171,6 90,1 88,6 69,8 36,1 12,9 5,6 3,5 2,3 1,7 1,3-891, Calculation basic design Artikles in the 40ft container: Nr. Item Volume Amount Sub Total 1 Container 0, ,856 2 Barrel ,480 3 Barrel ,800 Fill in m3 13,136 Calculation of volume of content in container 40ft container Length 12 Height 2,4 Width 2,4 Gross m3 69,12 Net m3 55,984 Calculation of volume of container Test / FirePro Net / gr FP , ,00 Gr. / m3 60,071 Capacity of FP5700 FirePro aerosol generator Total Space Used FirePro Net / m3 Gr/m3 Amount used: 3.363,0 55,984 60,071 The calculation basic design is verified and validated before the start of the tests. Kiwa N.V December 7 th, 2016

11 Kiwa BRL-K23001 and BRL-K23003 in relation to calculation Calculations shall be based on certification scheme s BRL-K23001 and BRL-K FirePro Systems Ltd. is manufacturer of the FirePro aerosol generators and certified according certification scheme BRL-K23001 Fire Safety 4 You is master distributor and certified according certification scheme BRL-K23003 Fire Class Listing According CEN/TR Pre burn EN2 Material / fuel in seconds in seconds in Kiwa N.V December 7 th, 2016 time Soak period Test room A Wood crib A A Class A compatible wood crib test A Polymethylmethacrylate A A Polypropylene A A ABS A A Reformed wood (chops) A A MDF A A Multilayers plywood A B Heptane (830 KiloWatt) A B Heptane (6 MegaWatt) C Propane (30 KiloWatt) F Solid deep-frying fat B Nedalco alcohol Fortoir min. 96% B Petrol Euro Certification tests FirePro BRL-K23001, see certificate of FirePro, table Observations m 3 Density in grams During the tests on Oktober 13 th, 2016 the following phenomena or events has been generally observed: The start of a thermal reaction and burning of the battery is achieved after approx. 30 to 60 seconds after activation of the glow plug. The activation of the detection system, 1 th and 2 nd smoke detector activated, occurs after approx. 30 to 90 seconds after the start of the thermal reaction and burning of the battery. Activation of FP5700 aerosol generator directly after 2 nd smoke detector. Pressure built up caused by the thermal reaction and therefor production of gases by the battery in the time frame of approx. 60 to 120 seconds after the start of the thermal reaction and burning of the battery. o Over 1000 Pa is recorded during test 3, causing the roof of the container to deform upwards for approx. 50 cm. After the start of the thermal reaction and burning of the battery, the battery starts to disintegrate. This also causes individual cells to rocket throughout the container. This phenomena was observed up to appox.10 minutes after the start of the thermal reaction and burning of the battery. After appox.10 minutes after the start of the thermal reaction and burning of the battery, there were no more phenomena or events observed. After approx. 15 to 30 minutes after discharge the temperature drops to C. o See test 2, in test 1 and 3 the thermocouples were not at the correct position caused by the reaction of the battery in m 3

12 3.2.4 Results The results of the tests are as follows: T-1 Thermocouple in lithium battery T-2 Thermocouple 30 cm above lithium battery T-3 Thermocouple against the ceiling of the container T-1 Thermocouple in lithium battery T-2 Thermocouple 30 cm above lithium battery T-3 Thermocouple against the ceiling of the container Kiwa N.V December 7 th, 2016

13 T-1 Thermocouple in lithium battery T-2 Thermocouple 30 cm above lithium battery T-3 Thermocouple against the ceiling of the container Furthermore: After the soak time of 30 minutes no flaming or re-ignition was observed. After the soak time of 30 minutes no severe damage to adjacent objects was observed. After the soak time of 30 minutes only damage, minor or severe, on the container holding the battery and the product under test itself was observed. Tests are conducted with an actual aerosol density of 61 grams per cubic meter. Example of no flaming or re-ignition after soak time Kiwa N.V December 7 th, 2016

14 Example of no severe damage to adjacent objects Interpretation of data T-1 T-2 T-3 Thermocouple in lithium battery Because of the disintegration of the battery, the thermo couple will not be in a fixed position during the test Thermocouple 30 cm above lithium battery Most clear indication on temperature and occurrence of phenomena Thermocouple against the ceiling of the container Most clear indication on temperature, no influence of phenomena The results are reflecting the observations in Time frames are in accordance with the observations in Pressure built up caused by the thermal reaction and therefor production of gases by the battery were monitored during test 3 and reading is over 1000 Pa. Note: Pressure monitoring device is not able to record pressure over 1000 Pa Equipement for data collection during tests Equipment used for data collection is as follows: Software o TP-Link Technologies Co Ltd.: Thermolink Four Channel Thermometer Software / Version: Data logger o Voltcraft Logger: Type K204 Thermo couple: o JUMO GmbH & Co: Type K, Nr All monitoring equipment, such as thermo couples, are according standard (CEN/TR and ISO15779) Kiwa N.V December 7 th, 2016

15 4 Conclusion Based on the tests and the findings, as described in this test report of fire tests on Liion batteries based on condensed aerosol, the conclusion is: A FirePro condensed aerosol system is able to achieve suppression and control mode over a period of at least 30 minutes, after ignition of a single 1,9 kwh Cleantron battery, with an actual aerosol density of 61 grams per cubic meter. During this period the temperature will drop to approx. 150 C which is regarded to be the temperature, when reached and below, a thermal reaction in a lithium ion battery will stop. 4.1 Note By drafting this report, the conclusion is no value judgment about any other components and part(s) as present in the test room or at the facility. The conclusion only applies when the battery placement and transportation in a container is done according the standard or other procedure(s). These must be followed at all times. In general, batteries do not touch each other and are separated by filling material. The conclusion only applies in case the structural integrity of an enclosure is guaranteed. The conclusion only applies incase the MACU control panel is used. See report on MACU dated October 13th, This report does not provide in other findings, procedures or requirements than stated in this report. Kiwa N.V December 7 th, 2016