Colonization and succession in restored wet grasslands: lessons from long-term experiments
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1 Colonization and succession in restored wet grasslands: lessons from long-term experiments Norbert Hölzel Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster Working Group Ecosystem Research June 5th 2012 INTECOL, Orlando
2 Case study I: Monitoring of restoration management in wet meadows in NW-Germany over 20 years Peter Schwartze
3 Long-term trends over 20 years (floristic composition) Poptcheva K, Schwartze P, Vogel A, Kleinebecker T & Hölzel N (2009) Changes in wet meadow vegetation after 20 years of different management in a field experiment (North-West Germany). Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 134:
4 Long-term trends over 20 years (Functional types) Poptcheva K, Schwartze P, Vogel A, Kleinebecker T & Hölzel N (2009) Changes in wet meadow vegetation after 20 years of different management in a field experiment (North-West Germany). Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 134:
5 Long-term trends over 20 years (Strategy types) Poptcheva K, Schwartze P, Vogel A, Kleinebecker T & Hölzel N (2009) Changes in wet meadow vegetation after 20 years of different management in a field experiment (North-West Germany). Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 134:
6 Long-term trends over 20 years (Ellenberg indicator values) Poptcheva K, Schwartze P, Vogel A, Kleinebecker T & Hölzel N (2009) Changes in wet meadow vegetation after 20 years of different management in a field experiment (North-West Germany). Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 134:
7 Change in harvested N (mowing twice a year) mineral soil organic soil min/org non-fertilized non-fertilized PK-application Oelmann, Y., Broll, G., Hölzel, N., Kleinebecker, T., Vogel, A. & Schwartze, P. (2011) Nutrient impoverishment and limitation of productivity after 20 years of conservation management in wet grasslands of north-western Germany. Biological Conservation 142:
8 Change in harvested P (mowing twice a year) mineral soil organic soil min/org non-fertilized non-fertilized PK-application Oelmann, Y., Broll, G., Hölzel, N., Kleinebecker, T., Vogel, A. & Schwartze, P. (2011) Nutrient impoverishment and limitation of productivity after 20 years of conservation management in wet grasslands of north-western Germany. Biological Conservation 142:
9 Changes in species-richness (mowing twice a year) mineral soil organic soil min/org non-fertilized non-fertilized PK-application Oelmann, Y., Broll, G., Hölzel, N., Kleinebecker, T., Vogel, A. & Schwartze, P. (2011) Nutrient impoverishment and limitation of productivity after 20 years of conservation management in wet grasslands of north-western Germany. Biological Conservation 142:
10 Summary I: successful depletion of nutrient pools by hay making twice mesotrophic condition can be achieved within 20 years significant impact of mowing regimes on floristic composition decline in ruderals and competitors spread of stress-tolerant species slight increase of plot species-richness almost no immigration of new target species ongoing changes even after 20 years
11 Case study II: Topsoil removal and hay transfer
12 m m Topsoil removal 30 cm 50 cm Sample plots (Seedbank and soil) Year of litter transfer Origin of hay Cnidion Molinion Zero plots Flooding frequency High Low Never flooded
13 20 d 0,8 a Organische Substanz % Org. Subst. ab bc c ad N % 0,7 0,6 0,5 0,4 0,3 ab b N c ab 4 0,2 2 A B C D E 0,1 A B C D E K CAL mg/100gr a b K ab a P CAL mg/100 gr a b P bc 2 c 2 bc c 0 A B C D E A = former arable field B = 30 cm topsoil removal C = 50 cm topsoil removal 0 A B C D E D = Molinion donar sites E = Cnidion donar sites Hölzel, N. & Otte, A. (2003): Restoration of a species-rich flood-meadow by topsoil removal and diaspore transfer with plant material. Applied Vegetation Science 6:
14 Cnidion donar site
15 Molinion donar site
16 Hay transfer after topsoil removal
17 Restoration site in 1997
18 Same site in 2004
19 Species number (Strips I-III)
20 Transferred target species: Arabis nemorensis Gentiana pneumonanthe Viola elatior Iris spuria
21 Cumulative cover (Strips I-III)
22 Axis 2 Environmental filter Trajectories in DCA-ordination (all strips) Wet strips Dry strips Axis 1 Time
23 m m Topsoil removal 30 cm 50 cm Sample plots (Seedbank and soil) Year of litter transfer Origin of hay Cnidion Molinion Zero plots Flooding frequency High Low Never flooded
24 Axis 2 Floristic composition of tranferred hay Trajectories in DCA-ordination (wet strips only) Cnidion Control Molinion Axis 1 Time
25 Summary II: topsoil removal in combination with hay transfer is extremely successful to overcome seed dispersal and micro-site limitation sorting of introduced species by environmental filters long-term footprint of hay origin on species composition ongoing successional processes even after 12 years need for long-term monitoring
26 Thanks to: Forstamt Groß-Gerau: Henner Gonnermann, Dietrich Kulsch, Paul Hedderich University of Gießen: Annette Otte, Jupp Scholz-vom Hofe Municipality Riedstadt: Barbara Stowasser, Matthias Harnisch Student helpers: Lorenz Geissler, Tobias Donath, Petra Göbel, Ines Klingshirn, Valter Mayrink Univeristy of Münster: Gaby Broll, Yvonne Oelmann, Andreas Vogel, Kathrin Poptcheva Eva Rosinski, Kristin Fleischer (graphs) and many other students
27 Change in harvested biomass (mowing twice a year) mineral soil organic soil min/org non-fertilized non-fertilized PK-application Oelmann, Y., Broll, G., Hölzel, N., Kleinebecker, T., Vogel, A. & Schwartze, P. (2011) Nutrient impoverishment and limitation of productivity after 20 years of conservation management in wet grasslands of north-western Germany. Biological Conservation 142:
28 former arable field 30 cm top soil removal 50 cm top soil removal Molinion donor site Cnidion donor site
29 Cover development of different target species
30 Cover of transferred species
31 Cumulative cover Development of legumes Genista tinctoria Securigera varia
32 Cover of invasive species
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