INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT PROGRAM

Transcription

1 INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT PROGRAM

2 Alvin Independent School District Integrated Pest Management Program Table of Contents Section 1.. IPM Policy Section 2.. Monitoring Program Section 3.. Action Thresholds Section 4.. Application of IPM Strategies Section 5.. Use of Pesticides Section 6.. Responsibilities & Records Management Section 7... Consumer Information Sheet & Incidental Use Fact Sheet Section 8... IPM Forms Section 9.. IPM Notifications Section 10.. Pest Management Plans & Resource Information

3 Section 1 Alvin Independent School District Integrated Pest Management Program IPM Policy Structural and landscape pests can pose a significant problem to people, property and the environment. Pesticides and herbicides can also pose significant risks. It is therefore the Policy of Alvin ISD to incorporate Integrated Pest Management (IPM) procedures for control of structural and landscape pests that take place on district property. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is a pest management strategy that relies on accurate identification and scientific knowledge of target pests, reliable monitoring methods to assess pest presence, preventative measures to limit pest problems, and thresholds to determine when corrective control measures are needed. Under IPM whenever economical and practical, multiple control tactics shall be used to achieve the best control of pests. These tactics shall possibly include, but are not limited to the judicious use of pesticides. The Superintendent will appoint an IPM Coordinator who will be registered with the Texas Department of Agriculture within 90 days of appointment and trained through a Texas SPCS approved IPM Coordinator training course within 6 months of appointment. Alvin ISD will contract with a commercial pest control company(s), who are certified by the state and trained in the principles and practices of integrated pest management and the use of pesticides, to meet the needs of the district facilities. These contractors will make detailed site-specific recommendations for structural and procedural modifications to achieve adequate pest suppression. They will follow regulations and label precautions and comply with this IPM policy. In addition to contracted services, properly trained and certified Alvin ISD Maintenance personnel will be involved in pest control practices. No other person shall be permitted to apply a pesticide or herbicide at a school facility without prior approval of the IPM Coordinator and other than in the manner prescribed by law and the districts IPM Program. This policy is in compliance with Texas Administrative Code Title 4 Part 1 Chapter 7, which governs pesticide use and IPM practices in public schools, and has been accepted and approved by the Alvin ISD Board of Trustees on January 18 th of Current copies of this policy are on file in the office of the Superintendent and IPM Coordinator as required by law.

4 Section 2 Alvin Independent School District Integrated Pest Management Program Monitoring Program Pests are populations of living organisms (animals, plants, microorganisms) that can interfere with the day-to-day operations of the district campuses. Strategies for managing pest populations will be influenced by the pest species and whether that species poses a threat to the students, staff, property, and/ or the environment. Pest Management Objectives Pests will be managed to; Protect against a significant threat to public safety. Prevent damage to Alvin ISD structures or property. Prevent interference with the learning environment of the students. Provide the safest playing and athletic surfaces possible. Pest Monitoring Process Inspections Inspection of all facilities and grounds will be conducted on a monthly basis by district personnel and or by pest management contractors. Detailed building inspections of each campus will also be conducted at least bi-annually by the IPM Coordinator to identify structural and landscape improvements necessary for eliminating conducive conditions for pests. Site Specific Log Books The pest control contractor will maintain a complete and accurate IPM Log Book at each school facility, which will contain at least the following; A copy of the districts IPM Program and the contractors Pest Management Plan. Site Specific Service Schedules. List of all Pesticides used, including Trade Name, Active Ingredients, Labels, and MSDS. Pest Sighting Logs. Location of numbered traps and bait stations in floor plan format. Copies of all service report forms.

5 Monitoring Devices Sticky cards or other monitoring devices will be used by the pest control contractor and properly trained Alvin ISD Maintenance personnel on a routine basis to monitor pest activity. Work Order Tracking Pest sightings and intrusion concerns by staff and students will be submitted through the Districts Maintenance Work Order system. All pest related work orders will be investigated by the IPM Coordinator or other designated maintenance personnel to determine appropriate response actions. Identification Accurate identification of pest is a vital part of ensuring that proper control methods will be used. Local resources will be used to help in identification. These resources may include but are not limited to the use of an entomologist, pictorial resources, and networking with other school districts IPM Coordinators. Action Habitat modifications, exclusions, repair, and sanitation efforts will be the first actions considered. Action threshold will also be considered before any other actions are taken. The specific action threshold will reflect how many pests can be tolerated for a specific site. The presence of some pests does not in itself necessarily require action. Evaluation If it is determined that further action is needed, there will be a follow up with an appropriate pesticide approved by the IPM Coordinator.

6 Section 3 Alvin Independent School District Integrated Pest Management Program Action Thresholds Threshold levels developed for a home or restaurant may be inappropriate for a school. Likewise, thresholds developed for high-visibility/ high-maintenance landscapes will differ from those for medium or low maintenance landscapes. Research-determined thresholds are available for only a few pests, in part because humans, and managers, differ substantially in their tolerance of pest presence or damage. For this reason, setting a zero tolerance for any school facility is unattainable and not realistic for IPM. Action Thresholds developed for Alvin ISD facilities are as follows; Ants ( Common House ) Classrooms, Clinic, Kitchen, Storage, & Public Areas Outside Grounds Ants ( Carpenter ) Classrooms, Clinic, Kitchen, Storage, & Public Areas Outside Grounds Ants ( Fire ) Classrooms, Clinic, Kitchen, Storage, & Public Areas Outside Grounds Bees ( Honey ) Classrooms, Clinic, Kitchen, Storage, & Public Areas Outside Grounds Cockroaches ( German ) Classrooms, Clinic, Kitchen, Storage, & Public Areas House Flies Classrooms, Clinic, Kitchen, Storage, & Public Areas Outside Grounds Mice & Rats Classrooms, Clinic, Kitchen, Storage, & Public Areas Outside Grounds Yellow Jackets, Hornets, Wasps Classrooms, Clinic, Kitchen, Storage, & Public Areas Outside Grounds ( 3 ) Ants Per Room ( 1 ) Ant Mound / 250 sq. ft. ( 3 ) Ants Per Room Colony within 25 of Building ( 3 ) Ants Per Room ( 1 ) Ant Mound ( 2 ) Bees Per Room Action only if Threat to Public Safety ( 2 ) Roaches Per Room ( 3 ) Flies Per Room ( 10 ) Flies around Trash Containers ( 1 ) Sighting or Identified Droppings ( 1 ) Sighting ( 1 ) Per Room Action if Nests or Activity around Students & Staff

7 Section 4 Alvin Independent School District Integrated Pest Management Program Application of IPM Strategies Indoor IPM Strategies Typical Pests: Mice, Rats, Cockroaches, Ants, Flies, Spiders, Termites, and Microorganisms Entryways: Doorways, Overhead doors, Windows, and Openings around pipes, Electrical fixtures, and Duct (s). Keep exterior doors shut when not in use Place weather stripping around doors Caulk and seal openings in walls Keep vegetation at least one foot from the structure Classrooms/Offices: Including Performance Hall, Gymnasiums, Hallways, Offices and Classrooms Allow food and Beverages only in designated areas Keep indoor plants healthy Keep areas as dry as possible by removing standing water and water damaged and wet materials In the all class rooms store animal foods in sealed containers and regularly clean cages In all areas remove dust and debris Routinely clean lockers and desks Frequently vacuum carpeted areas. Food Preparation and Serving Areas: Dinning Hall, Kitchen, Teacher s Lounge, Vending Machine areas and Food Storage Rooms Store food in containers that are inaccessible to pest Store waste in containers that are inaccessible to pests Remove all waste at the end of each day Place screens on vents, windows and floor drains. Remove all food debris including crumbs Fix dripping faucets and other water leaks Promptly clean food preparation equipment after use Caulk or paint to seal cracks and crevices Rooms with Extensive Plumbing: Bathrooms, rooms with sinks, locker rooms and crew spaces. Promptly repair leaks and correct other plumbing problems Routinely clean floor drains, strainers and grates Keep areas dry Store paper products or cardboard boxes away from moist areas and direct contact with the floors Maintenance Areas: Mechanical rooms, Janitorial rooms, etc. Allow eating only in designated eating rooms

8 Clean trash cans regularly Use plastic liners in trashcans Keep areas as clean and dry as possible Store paper products or cardboard boxes away from moist areas and direct contact with the floors and walls. Outdoor IPM Strategies Typical Pest: Mice and Rats, Turf Pest such as board-leaf and grassy weeds, Insects such as beetle grubs or sod webworms and turf disease, Ornamental pest such as plant diseases, insects such as trips, aphids, Japanese beetles and bagworms. Parking Lots, Loading Docks, Refuse Dumpsters Regularly clean trash containers and gutters Regularly remove all waste and paper debris Secure lids on trash containers Repair cracks in pavement and sidewalks Provide adequate drainage Turf: Lawns, Athletic Fields and Playgrounds Select turf types best adapted for the area Adjust mowing height to grass type Vary mowing patterns to reduce soil compaction Do not over or under water turf water in the A.M. Provide good drainage Periodically inspect turf for evidence of pest or diseases Have soil analyzed to determine fertilizer requirements Time fertilizer applications on an appropriate time Aerate soil periodically Ornamental Shrubs and Trees Apply fertilizer to annual and perennials during active growing season Apply fertilizer to trees and shrubs early in the growth season or during the dormant season Prune branches to improve plants and prevent access by pest to structures Periodically inspect plants for evidence of pest or disease Remove susceptible plants if a plant disease recurs and requires too many resources to keep healthy Select replacement plants from among the disease resistant types

9 Section 5 Alvin Independent School District Integrated Pest Management Program Use of Pesticides The choice of using chemical pesticides will be based on a review of all other known options and a determination that these options are not acceptable or feasible. Cost or staffing consideration alone will not be adequate justification for use of chemical control agents. Selected non-chemical pest management methods will be implemented, whenever possible to provide the desired control. It is the policy of Alvin ISD to utilize IPM principles and practices to manage pest populations adequately. The full range of alternatives, including no action, will be considered. When it is determined that a pesticide or herbicide must be used in order to meet the pest management goals, the least hazardous material will be chosen. Pesticide Applicators Alvin ISD will contract with a commercial pest control company(s), who are certified by the state and trained in the principles and practices of integrated pest management and the use of pesticides, to meet the needs of the district facilities. These contractors will make detailed site-specific recommendations for structural and procedural modifications to achieve adequate pest suppression. They will follow regulations and label precautions and comply with the IPM policy. In addition to contracted services, properly trained and certified Alvin ISD Maintenance personnel will be involved in pest control practices. No other person shall be permitted to apply a pesticide or herbicide at a school facility without prior approval of the IPM Coordinator and other than in the manner prescribed by law and the districts IPM Program. The IPM Coordinator shall determine when an emergency exists and approval of Incidental Use or an exception to the 48 hour notification requirement may be made. Incidental Use Incidental use of Green or Yellow Category pesticides by unlicensed personnel for Ants, Bees, and Wasps may be approved by the IPM Coordinator when an emergency situation exists where the safety of students or staff is at risk and there is insufficient time to contact a licensed applicator. Requirements for Incidental Use are; The Applicator must have received documented annual instruction and training from the IPM Coordinator on the proper use of the specific pesticide prior to application.

10 An Approval for Application of Pesticides and Pest Control Devices form must be completed by the Applicator and submitted to the IPM Coordinator within 48 hours for documentation and maintained for a period of 2 years. Approved Pesticides for Public Schools Certain pesticides have been approved for use on school property and are classified as Green, Yellow, and Red Category pesticides based on their Relative Toxicity as defined by the Environmental Protection Agency. Green Category Pesticides may be used for Incidental Use and at the Applicators discretion. They may only be applied indoors when students are not present in the room and outdoors when students are not within (10) feet of the application site at the time of the application. A pesticide is designated as Green Category if it meets the following criteria; All Active Ingredients must be EPA Category III or IV. May or May Not contain the signal word CAUTION on the product label. Consists of the Active Ingredient: Boric Acid, Disodium Octoborate Tetrahydrate or related Boron Compounds, Silica Gel, or Diatomaceous Earth. Insect Growth Regulators Microbe Based Insecticides Botanical Insecticides containing no more than 5% synergist ( Does not Include Synthetic Pyrethroids ) Pesticide Soaps Natural or Synthetic Horticultural Oils Insect and Rodent Baits in Tamper Resistant Containers Insect or rodent Baits for Crack and Crevice Use Only Yellow Category Pesticides may be used only with written approval from the Licensed Applicator. Approval shall have a duration of (6) months or (6) applications per site, whichever occurs first. Indoor applications may only be made when students are not present or expected to be present in the area for (4) hours or until the reentry interval specified on the label has expired, whichever is greater. Outdoor applications may only be made when students are not within (10) feet of the application site and the area is secured from reentry for (4) hours or until the reentry interval specified on the label has expired, whichever is greater. A pesticide is designated as Yellow Category if it meets the following criteria; All Active Ingredients must be EPA Category III or IV. May or May Not contain the signal word CAUTION on the product label. Consists of Active Ingredients other than those listed for Green Category Pesticides. Red Category Pesticides may only be used by the Licensed Applicator with written justification and signed approval from the IPM Coordinator. Approval shall have a duration of (3) months or (3) applications per site, whichever occurs first. Indoor applications may only be made when students are not present or expected to be present in the area for (8) hours or until the reentry interval specified on the label has expired, whichever is greater. Outdoor applications may only be made when students are not within (25) feet of the application site and the area is secured from reentry for (8) hours or until the reentry interval specified on the label has expired, whichever is greater.

11 A pesticide is designated as Red Category if it meets the following criteria; All Active Ingredients belong to EPA Category I or II. Contains the signal word WARNING or DANGER on the product label. It contains an Active Ingredient that has been designated as a restricted use pesticide, a state limited use pesticide, or a regulated herbicide. Consists of Active Ingredients other than those listed for Green Category or Yellow Category Pesticides. Pesticide Applications In all cases the Least Hazardous Effective Method of controlling the pest will be used Applicators will follow Label Instructions, including the use of appropriate Personal Protective Clothing & Equipment, as required by law. Indoor Applications will require posting of signage at least 48 hours in advance or application. Outdoor Applications do not require 48 hour advance posting, but will require the use of appropriate signage at the application site, from the time the application begins until the reentry interval has been met. Applicators will consult with the IPM Coordinator concerning the use of Control Measures and forward all IPM Activity and Pesticide Use Records to the IPM Coordinator within 2 business days of the application. Pesticide Storage Pesticide purchases will be limited to the amount authorized for use in one year. Pesticides will be stored and disposed of in accordance with the label directions and state regulations. Pesticides will be stored in an appropriate secure site not accessible to students or unauthorized personnel. Pesticides and Herbicides will be stored in separate locations. Storage areas will have adequate ventilation and be free of ignition sources in close proximity.

12 Section 6 Alvin Independent School District Integrated Pest Management Program Responsibilities & Records Management Student & Staff Responsibilities The most important responsibility of the students and staff is sanitation. Much of the prevention and reduction of Pest infestation at the school site depends on a clean environment. This requires cleaning up food leftovers, removing food from lockers, proper storage of pet food and snacks, maintaining properly cleaned classrooms and locker areas. Pest Control Provider Responsibilities Maintain a complete and accurate IPM Log Book at each school facility, which will be updated at each visit and will contain at least the following; 1. A copy of the districts IPM Program and the contractors Pest Management Plan. 2. Site Specific Service Schedules. 3. List of all Pesticides used, including Trade Name, Active Ingredients, Labels, and MSDS. 4. Pest Sighting Logs. 5. Location of numbered traps and bait stations in floor plan format. 6. Copies of all service report forms for the past 2 years. Submit All pest control activity records to the IPM Coordinator via PDF within 2 business days of application. Apply only EPA labeled pesticides appropriate for the target pest. Obtain written approval from the IPM Coordinator in advance of any applications of Red Category pesticides and herbicides. Ensure that all pest control activities are consistent with the school districts IPM Program and Policy. Alvin ISD Maintenance - Applicator Responsibilities Maintain proper applicator license and CEU s for specific job tasks. Ensure proper signage is posted at the time of application and until the specified reentry interval has been met. Apply only EPA labeled pesticides appropriate for the target pest. Keep accurate records of All uses of pesticides and pest control devices. Submit All pest control records to the IPM Coordinator within 48 hours of application. Consult with the IPM Coordinator concerning the use of control measures. Obtain written approval from the IPM Coordinator in advance of any applications of Red Category pesticides and herbicides.

13 Ensure that all pest control activities are consistent with the school districts IPM Program and Policy. IPM Coordinator Responsibilities Complete a TDA approved IPM Coordinator Training within 6 months of appointment and 6 hours of IPM Coordinator CEU s every 3 years. Design and Maintain a Pest Management Program for the School District. Observe and evaluate district facilities to identify structural and landscape improvements necessary for eliminating conducive conditions for pests and achieve specific site management objectives. Coordinate Pest Management personnel, ensuring that all employees who perform pest control activities (including Incidental Use) have received the necessary training, are equipped with appropriate PPE, and have the necessary licenses for their specific tasks. Inform and Educate school district personnel about their role in the IPM Program. Maintain Lists and contact information for chemically sensitive students and anyone else who has requested to be notified about pesticide and herbicide applications prior to use. Notify Alvin ISD staff and students of upcoming pesticide treatments. (Notices will be sent via at the beginning of the school year and posted in designated areas at each school site by the school secretary or other appointed administrator.) Records Management The following Records must be maintained for at least 2 years All pesticide and herbicide applications on District property. Approvals for all yellow and red category pesticide and herbicide applications. Individual Facility inspections. Approval for Application of Pesticides and Pest Control Devices Forms. Documentation of all pest control related Training. Requests or Complaints relating to pest problems. ( Work Orders ) Contracts and records dealing with professional pest control services. Copy of the EPA-registered label and current MSDS for each pesticide and herbicide product used on school property.

14 Section 7 Alvin Independent School District Integrated Pest Management Program Consumer Information Sheet & Incidental Use Fact Sheet

15 Consumer Information Sheet The structural pest control industry is regulated by the Texas Department of Agriculture (TDA), Structural Pest Control Service (SPCS), PO Box 12847, Austin, TX TDA licenses the businesses, certified applicators and technicians who perform structural pest control work. Certified applicators and technicians must pass a written examination in order to receive their licenses. Pesticides must be registered with the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and TDA before they may be used in Texas. EPA registration is not a finding of product safety. Pesticides are designed to kill or control pests. Your risk of harm depends upon the degree of your exposure and your individual susceptibility. Specific health and safety information varies between pesticides and types of exposures and is available on the label information or MSDS sheet, which can be supplied to you upon request from the licensed applicator. Take precautions when a treatment has been performed to avoid exposure to vulnerable individuals. Pesticides may be harmful if swallowed, inhaled, or absorbed through the skin. Avoid breathing dust or spray mist and any unnecessary contact with treated surfaces. If you desire specific information or precautions, refer to the pesticide label. The law requires that the application procedures specified on the label be followed. If you have questions about the application, contact the business or person making the application. If you suspect a violation of the law regarding structural pest control, contact the SPCS. In case of health emergency, seek immediate medical attention. Pest Control signs must be posted prior to treatment in many instances. The signs should be posted in an area of common access at least 48 hours prior to treatment. The information sign will allow you to contact someone who can tell you what pesticide is being used. If you are contracting pest control services due to home solicitation, you have the right to cancel the contract within 72 hours. You may exercise this right by notifying the pest control company that you do not wish to receive their service. For general information on pesticides, contact the National Pesticide Information Center For information concerning structural pest control laws, contact the Structural Pest Control Service at: (512) or For information concerning the formulation and registration of pesticides, contact TDA pesticide registration at (512) or For non-emergency health information relating to pesticides, contact Texas Department of State Health Services (512) REDUCED IMPACT SERVICE In order to minimize the reliance on pesticides and reduce pest populations, a Reduced Impact Pest Control operator may recommend that you consider the sanitation or physical alteration of your work place or residence. It is your responsibility to follow those recommendations. Your pest control operator may or may not offer these services upon request. A proper inspection will provide the information necessary for you to choose the method of pest control which best suits your situation. Many pest problems can be solved with using pesticides. This Reduced Impact Service will include an inspection report and treatment recommendations. You should review these and keep a copy for your records. Your cooperation in the following the recommendations made by your service provider is essential to reduced impact service program. Pesticides may be used in a responsible and professional manner in a reduced impact pest control service. If you do not want a specific pesticide used or any pesticide used at all you must note this in writing on the contract prior to the initiation of service. If any specific pesticide or class of pesticides is not excluded, it may be used by the provider. REQUIRED BY THE TDA STRUCTURAL PEST CONTROL SERVICE

16 Incidental Use Fact Sheet "This fact sheet must be distributed to all employees of school districts who apply general use Green List products (or Yellow List products specific to bee and wasp applications) and do not have a Texas Department of Agriculture ornamental plant and turf license or a Structural Pest Control Service noncommercial applicator's or technician license. The fact sheet, instruction and training must be provided upon initial employment by the school district's IPM Coordinator, and thereafter must be available as needed. These general use Green List pesticides include insecticides only and involve applications made both inside and outside of structures. Incidental Use is not intended for long term or extensive pest control measures, rather emergency situations where safety of students or workers is at risk and there is insufficient time to contact a licensed applicator. Where long-term pest control is required, a trained, licensed person is to make the applications. Examples of Incidental Use situations are treating fire ants in a transformer box or treatments for bees or wasps as a non-routine application to protect children or personnel. Incidental Use is defined as site-specific and incidental to the employee's primary duties. If it is part of the employee's primary duty to make applications of pesticides, that employee is required, by law, to obtain either a Structural Pest Control Service license or Texas Department of Agriculture ornamental plant and turf license, depending on the location and type of application. In all cases of Incidental Use, the employee should use the least hazardous, effective method of controlling pests. All applications to schools or school grounds must be in compliance with school district IPM policies. If chemicals are utilized, they must be applied in strict accordance with manufacturer labels of "General Use" products on the Green or Yellow List products being used. Applications made inconsistent with the Texas Structural Pest Control Service Law and Regulations, or applications made inconsistent with the label requirements of the general use product may result in penalties being assessed against the individual and/or the certified applicator or technician responsible. "Incidental Use Situation" applications of pesticides are regulated by the Structural Pest Control Service of the Texas Department of Agriculture. If you have any questions or comments, contact the Service at (512) inquiries may be addressed to the Structural Pest Control Service, P.O. Box 12847, Austin, Texas

17 Section 8 Alvin Independent School District Integrated Pest Management Program IPM Forms

18 Rev. 1/07 TDA Q570A TEXAS DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Todd Staples, Commissioner P O Box 12847, Austin, Texas For the hearing impaired: (800) (voice) or (800) (TDD/TT) Internet address: DIRECT SUPERVISION AFFIDAVIT 1. This is an affidavit made by and unlicensed applicator licensed applicator in an attempt to satisfy the obligation under Section (c) of the Texas Agriculture Code to assure that any person working under a licensed applicator s direct supervision is knowledgeable of the requirements governing the use of the particular pesticides being used by that individual. 2. I,, hereby state that I have received training on or have unlicensed applicator (print name) reviewed and I understand the appropriate sections of the Texas Pesticide Law and Texas Pesticide Regulations. I understand the complete labeling information for the following pesticides and the uses listed: Product Name EPA Reg. # Activity Use (site/method) Printed name Signature of Unlicensed Applicator 3. I hereby state that the unlicensed applicator named above and acting under my direct supervision is knowledgeable of the label requirements, laws and regulations governing the use of the chemicals listed above for the uses listed. Printed name Address Signature of Licensed Applicator ( ) Telephone o Commercial # o Noncommercial # o Private # A copy of this form shall be provided to the nonlicensed person and the original shall be kept by the licensed applicator for at least two years after the last date of direct supervision: Distribution: ORIGINAL Licensed Applicator; YELLOW COPY - Unlicensed Applicator

19 ALVIN ISD IPM Service Report Form SWTRC-1 Integrated Pest Management means safer, better pest control IPM Service Report Form Report No. Type of Service Visit Routine Service/Inspection Follow-up for previous problem Response to complaint Contact Person: School Service Address Problem area(s) previously reported (if any) Date Time In: Time Out: Areas Inspected (Check all that apply) Indoors Site abbreviations: MK Main Kitchen, DIN Dining Area, CL Classroom, BR Breakroom, ADM Administrative Offices, LK Locker Rooms Service Provided Site Pest (be specific) Activity Level Non-chemical Actions Materials Used (see key below) Amount Used (lb, oz, gal, ml, g) Method/ Equipment* *Application methods: C&C crack and crevice, SPOT spot treatment (less than 2 sq ft), BC broadcast, Fog fog, BS bait station, VT void treatment, BT burrow treatment Key to Materials/Chemicals Used Abbreviation/ Number EPA Registration # Trade Name (e.g. Dragent ) Common Name (s) (e.g. permethrin) Formulation* Hazard Classification: (Danger, Warning, Caution/ Texas: Green, Yellow, Red)** *Formulation abbreviations: S liquid spray from compressed air sprayer, ACC aerosol crack and crevice, GB gel bait, BrB granular bait, SB station bait, BB weatherproof bait block, BP weatherproof bait pellet, GR granular pesticide, ULV ultra-low volume space spray, F fumigant, D dust, O other (specify) ** Justification form must be attached for Yellow and Red List. Inaccessible Areas Noted: Page 1 Developed by Southwest Technical Resource Center for IPM in Schools schoolipm.tamu.edu

20 IPM Service Report Form SWTRC--1 Areas Inspected (Check all that apply) Building Perimeters (outdoors) Buildings Serviced: Service Provided Site Pest (be specific) Activity Level Non-chemical Actions Materials Used (see key below) Amount Used (lb, oz, gal, ml, g) Method/ Equipment* *Application methods: C&C crack and crevice, SPOT spot treatment (less than 2 sq ft), BC broadcast, Fog fog, BS bait station, VT void treatment, BT burrow treatment Key to Materials/Chemicals Used Abbreviation/ Number EPA Registration # Trade Name (e.g. Dragent ) Common Name (s) (e.g. permethrin) Formulation* Hazard Classification: (Danger, Warning, Caution/ Texas: Green, Yellow, Red)** *Formulation abbreviations: S liquid spray from compressed air sprayer, ACC aerosol crack and crevice, GB gel bait, BrB granular bait, SB station bait, BB weatherproof bait block, BP weatherproof bait pellet, GR granular pesticide, ULV ultra-low volume space spray, F fumigant, D dust, O other (specify) ** Justification form must be attached for Yellow and Red List. Maintenance Needs: Pestproofing: Conditions conducive to pests (birds, wildlife, termites, etc.): Hazards: Other comments: Page 2 Developed by Southwest Technical Resource Center for IPM in Schools schoolipm.tamu.edu

21 IPM Service Report Form SWTRC-1 Areas Inspected (Check all that apply) Landscape/Grounds Buildings Serviced: Service Provided Site Pest (be specific) Activity Level Non-chemical Actions Materials Used (see key below) Amount Used (lb, oz, gal, ml, g) Method/ Equipment* *Application methods: C&C crack and crevice, SPOT spot treatment (less than 2 sq ft), BC broadcast, Fog fog, BS bait station, VT void treatment, BT burrow treatment Key to Materials/Chemicals Used Abbreviation/ Number EPA Registration # Trade Name (e.g. Dragent ) Common Name (s) (e.g. permethrin) Formulation* Hazard Classification: (Danger, Warning, Caution/ Texas: Green, Yellow, Red)** *Formulation abbreviations: S liquid spray from compressed air sprayer, ACC aerosol crack and crevice, GB gel bait, BrB granular bait, SB station bait, BB weatherproof bait block, BP weatherproof bait pellet, GR granular pesticide, ULV ultra-low volume space spray, F fumigant, D dust, O other (specify) ** Justification form must be attached for Yellow and Red List. Other Information: Weather at time of application: Windspeed (mph): Temperature: Posted Date posting to be removed: Tree or other hazards noted: Recommendations for Action by District: Action Required Site Priority Comments Follow-up Service Required: Yes No Date: Date of next service: Signature/Title of School Contact Person Signature/Title of Certified Applicator/Technician Applicator s License No. Page 3 Developed by Southwest Technical Resource Center for IPM in Schools schoolipm.tamu.edu

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23 Alvin Independent School District PESTICIDE & PEST CONTROL DEVICE APPLICATION / APPROVAL FORM Date: Time: School Facility: Address: Specific Area: Wind Direction: Wind Velocity: Air Temperature: Target Pest: Justification for Use: Product Name: EPA Reg # Amount Used: Active Ingredient: % of Active Ingredient: Rate of Product per Unit: Equipment ID #: Spray Permit # Total Acres or Volume of Area Treated: Total Volume of Spray Mix, Dust, Granules, or other Materials Applied Per Unit Pesticide Category: ( ) Green List - May be used at the discretion of the Applicator. ( ) Yellow List -Requires written approval from a certified applicator. A copy of the approval must be sent to the IPM Coordinator. Approvals shall have a duration of no longer than (6) months or (6) applications per site. ( ) Red List -Requires written approval from the certified applicator and IPM Coordinator. Approvals shall have duration of no longer than (3) months or (3) applications per site. Employee Incidental Use: _( Name ) ( Signature ) Licensed Applicator: _( Name ) ( Signature ) Applicator License # IPM Coordinator Approval: _( Date ) ( Signature ) FORMS MUST BE SENT TO THE IPM COORDINATOR WITHIN 2 DAYS OF APPLICATION!!

24 ALVIN ISD IPM Pest Sighting Log form SWTRC-3 Integrated Pest Management means safer, better pest control Pest Sighting Log Report Response Date Room/Bldg Problem Description Contact Phone # Work Order # Date Technician Time In/Out Service Rpt. # 2004 Southwest Technical Resource Center for IPM in Schools schoolipm.tamu.edu

25 PEST MONITORING STATIONS School/Facility: Today s Date: Technician: Trap # Location Data Replaced Comments:

26 Ants Cockroaches Mice Rats PEST INSPECTION/SANITATION REPORT Date Time: Inspector Inspection Type Initial Quality Control Routine Evidence of Infestation(s) Pest Location(s) Pest Location(s) Fleas Stored Product Pests Pigeons Other Sanitation Survey Food Preparation Yes No Receiving Yes No Equipment clean Floors clean Appliance drip pans clean Floors clean Floor drains clean Sink drains clean Counters/Tables clean Food stored in pest-proof containers Perishables stored in refrigerator Garbage removed daily before closing Spillage cleaned regularly Standing water Plumbing leaks Windows/Door screened Gaps around/under doors or windows Pest proofing needed Floors clean Floor drains clean Storage Areas Food stored in pest-proof containers Recyclables cleaned before storing Spillage cleaned regularly Items stored 6 to 8 off floor Items stored 12 to 18 away from wall Stock rotated Clutter Pest proofing needed Other Clutter Empty boxes stored in cold storage Empty boxes stored away from kitchen Bathrooms clean Plumbing leaks Student and Staff Areas Teacher s areas clean Food stored properly in teachers areas Food stored in student, staff, or teacher desks Trash removed daily before closing Janitorial closet clean Pest Proofing needed Exterior Garbage cans cleaned weekly Garbage cans have lids Lids closed on garbage cans Garbage area downwind from kitchen Garbage area clean Garbage removed at least weekly Pet waste removed daily Gaps under/around doors Area is trash- and weed-free Standing water Pest proofing needed Outside eating area cleaned daily Other Comments/Recommendations

27 IPM Coordinator TEXAS DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE STRUCTURAL PEST CONTROL SERVICE PEST CONTROL USE RECORDS FOR SCHOOLS SCHOOL NAME: 1. Name of Building, Specific Area, Address, & Room #'s, etc. 2. Date The Pesticide(s) or Device(s) Used 3. Pesticide's Used and EPA Reg. #'s 4. Total Amount of Each Pesticide Applied 5. Device(s) Used & Total # Per Device ADDRESS: 6. Mixing Rate 7. Target Pest 8. Service Address Where Pesticide(s) or Device(s) Were Used 9. Printed Name and License # of Applicator For detailed instructions see reverse side of form Records must be kept for a minimum of two years Page of

28 ALVIN ISD IPM Pest Sighting Log form SWTRC-4 Integrated Pest Management means safer, better pest control Outdoor Pesticide Applications: Daily Use Record and Posting Checklist Site Address Supervisor* Applicator Record # Pesticide Applicator License # Pesticide Applicator License # (if applicable) Date Conditions Time of Application (a.m./p.m.) *Note: Either the applicator or the direct supervisor must have valid certified applicator s number. Check with state pesticide regulatory agency for details. Wind Speed Wind Direction Additional Comments Pesticides/Products Used Treatment # Trade Name Formulation* EPA Registration # Target Pest(s) Product Application Rate (e.g., oz/acre, lb/1000 ft 2 ) Application Details *Formalation is usually indicated by the label: Granular (G), Dust (D), Emulsifiable Concentrate (EC), Bait (B), Wettable Powder (WP), etc. *Formalation is usually indicated by the label: Granular (G), Dust (D), Emulsifiable Concentrate (EC), Bait (B), Wettable Powder (WP), etc. Treatment # Site/Plants Treated Equipment Used Decal Number (if applicable) Vol. or Weight of Product Applied Area Treated (acres/sq ft, etc.) Comments (e.g., oz/acre, lb/1000 ft 2 ) Checklist Was pre-notification posted? Was area posted after application? Did you check label reentry period? Did you list date and time of allowed reentry? List: Were children present at time of application? Explain: Was treatment watered-in after application? Explain: 2004 Southwest Technical Resource Center for IPM in Schools schoolipm.tamu.edu

29 ALVIN ISD IPM Pest Sighting Log form SWTRC-2 Integrated Pest Management means safer, better pest control IPM Facilities Inspection Form Report No. Type of Service Visit Routine Service/Inspection Follow-up for previous problem Response to complaint Contact Person: School Service Address Problem area(s) previously reported (if any) Date Time In: Time Out: Exterior *Note: For instructions on completing this form, go to pages 3 and 4. Needs Garbage Areas OK Work N/A Location Description/Comments 1. Dumpsters seal properly 2. Dumpsters located adequate distance from doors 3. Dumpsters on pest-proof pavement 4. Area around dumpsters free from spillage 5. Outdoor trash receptacles sealed between use Needs Building Features OK Work N/A Location Description/Comments 6. Doors seal tightly 7. Windows seal tightly/necessary screens in place *Formalation is usually indicated by the label: Granular (G), Dust (D), Emulsifiable Concentrate (EC), Bait (B), Wettable Powder (WP), etc. 8. Plumbing and electric penetrations seal tightly 9. Walls/roof line free of cracks/openings 10. Ventilation intakes screened, unobstructed 11. Adequate water drainage around foundation 12. Exterior free of mildew/mold 13. Moisture meter readings 14. Roof condition/drainage 15. Gutters cleared of debris 16. Other Needs Exterior Landscape Plants OK Work N/A Location Description/Comments 17. Adequate visibility between plantings and building 18. Building free from direct contact with trees 19. Building free from direct contact with shrubs/vines 20. Property free from tree hazards 21. Aesthetic appearance/safety features Needs Pest Evidence OK Work N/A Location Description/Comments 22. Rodents 23. Nuisance birds 24. Other vertebrates (feral cats, raccoons, bats, etc.) 25. Termites 26. Fire ants 27. Other ants/crawling insects 28. Weeds 29. Other Page Southwest Technical Resource Center for IPM in Schools schoolipm.tamu.edu

30 IPM Pest Sighting Log form SWTRC-2 Interior Needs General IPM Station OK Work N/A Location Description/Comments 30. Dumpsters seal properly Kitchen Serving line Cafeteria Vending machines Break room(s) 31. Food storage 32. Utility rooms/closets 33. Bathrooms 34. Classrooms 35. Athletic facilities Locker room(s) Main gymnasium 36. Administrative area 37. Other Pest Evidence Type (species) Location Description/Comments 38. Rodents 39. Termites 40. Fire ants 41. Other ants 42. Cockroaches 43. Crickets 44. Spiders 45. Other 46. Other 47. Other Recommendations for Action by District (Maintenance Needs)* Action Required Site Priority Comments *Note: All action recommendations should be numbered by priority. Priority may be based on combination of urgency, need, cost, and practicality. Page Southwest Technical Resource Center for IPM in Schools schoolipm.tamu.edu

31 IPM Pest Sighting Log form SWTRC-2 Needs IPM Program Assessment OK Work N/A Location Description/Comments 48. Administrative Procedures Pest sighting log in use Parental notification on file Notice of pest control service posted Designated contact person Service reports maintained 49. IPM services Sticky traps serviced/replaced monthly out of sight/reach Light traps positioned properly serviced monthly Bait stations out of sight/reach serviced monthly replaced when damaged Required recordkeeping Safety procedures Date of Inspection: Follow-up Service Required? Approximate Date of Next Inspection: Signature/Title of School Contact Person Signature/Title of Inspector Inspection Form Instructions IPM facilities inspections provide the school district facilities manager or IPM program coordinator with an overall report on the state of a school campus or facility with special attention to pest control. Emphasis of the report is on building features that are critical to the overall success of pest management. Chemical pest control is no substitute for pest prevention and pest proofing. Properly maintained and sealed buildings will eliminate the need for pesticides in most cases. In addition to an inspection checklist, this form provides space for listing the most important maintenance and sanitation needs for successful pest management. This list is a subjective summary of maintenance needs that can be used by school district maintenance supervisors to set priorities for facility repairs and upgrades. This inspection form is intended for annual or semi-annual campus inspections. More frequent IPM services should use the IPM Service Report Form, SWTRC-1. Exterior Garbage Areas Item 1. Dumpsters that fail to seal completely can provide a food source for rodents, birds, flies, and other pests. Item 2. Dumpsters located too close to doors result in greater likelihood of fly infestations indoors. A minimum space of 50 ft. between dumpsters or garbage and doors is recommended. Item 3. Dumpsters situated on soil or damaged pavement encourage rodent burrowing and may result in large rodent populations. Dumpsters should always be situated on concrete or well-maintained asphalt pads. Item 4. All garbage receptacles should be cleaned periodically and the surrounding area kept free of trash and spills. Overflowing trash receptacles suggest need for more receptacle capacity or more frequent pickup. Item 5. Garbage cans should be fitted with attached lids to discourage wasps, bees, and other pests. Self-closing lids are the usually preferable. Exterior Building Features Item 6. If light is visible under doors, weatherstripping should be installed to prevent entry of rodents and crawling insects and spiders. Item 7. Screens should be present, tightly fitted, and in good repair, on all exterior windows that are open. Check condition of caulk and seals around all window frames. Item 8. Points at which plumbing and electrical or cable services enter the building should be tightly sealed to prevent pest entry. Item 9. In addition to checking for flaws in building seals at ground level, the inspector should check electrical service entry points and flashing on roofs and upper walls of buildings. Ladders or roof entry may be required for a complete inspection. Binoculars may also aid rapid inspections. Item 10. Ventilation intakes should be adequately screened and free from obstruction. Window screen may be needed to keep smaller flying insects from gaining entry. Outdoor lighting should be directed away from air intakes to minimize attraction of night-flying insects to vents. Item 11. Ground should always slope away from building foundations. Note low areas or standing water next to foundations. High moisture areas may be more prone to termites and promote mold and mildew. Item 12. Black stains on brink or concrete walls may indicate poor roof or foundation drainage. Item 13. Electronic moisture meters are useful tools for detecting leaks and higher than normal moisture in walls, roofs, etc. Item 14. Roofs should be in good condition and drain properly. Winter is a good time to check for ice dams and indoor leaks. Item 15. Clogged gutters increase the chance of wood rot and water damage to exterior walls. Make sure gutters are clear and drain freely. Item 16. Note any other conditions that may be conducive to pests, such as wood in direct contact with soil, soil or mulch that extends above the top of the foundation, need for insect-proof lighting, etc. Page Southwest Technical Resource Center for IPM in Schools schoolipm.tamu.edu

32 Inspection Form Instructions (continued) IPM Pest Sighting Log form SWTRC-2 Exterior Landscape Plants Item 17. The inspector should be able to see all sections of building foundations to inspect for termites, rodents, and other pests. Item To minimize entry of crawling insects such as ants, building should not contact trees or shrubs. Item 20. Make note of diseased or damaged trees or limbs that might pose hazards to passersby or to the building itself. Do trees or shrubs obstruct doorways, especially infrequently used fire exits? Item 21. To maintain an attractive facility appearance, check that all plants are pruned properly and weeds controlled. Look for areas of overgrown plants and reduced visibility posing a security hazard to pedestrians. suggest need for more receptacle capacity or more frequent pickup. Exterior Pest Evidence Item 22. Look for burrows, evidence of gnawing on doors and other entry points, fecal pellets, rub marks around cracks and entries, reports of rodent sightings. Item Note roosting sites and evidence of excessive droppings from starlings, grackles, pigeons, and other nuisance birds. Look for droppings and other signs of feral dogs and cats, raccoons, opossums, etc. Check attic areas for evidence of bat roosting. Item 25. Look for termite tubes along outside foundation walls. A screwdriver or other sharp probe should be used to test wood that is in contact with soil or otherwise suspect. Item 26. In areas where fire ants are found, look for mounds with no obvious single point of entry. Fire ants respond vigorously to mound disturbance and have a painful sting. Item Look for ant trails around windows, electrical or plumbing lines, and building edges. Turn over bricks, stone, mulch, etc. when inspecting for other crawling pests. General Interior IPM Sanitation For all indoor areas, make sure that pheromone and sticky traps are clean and replaced as necessary. Check bait stations and note service dates on the station cover. Minimum inspection equipment should consist of a flashlight and this form. Item 30. Make note of sanitation or pest management deficiencies. Be specific about locations, so a manager can find and recognize problem areas. Examples of possible problems might include need for caulking or other pest proofing, exposed food, improper food storage practices, spilled food, and grease or organic debris buildup, especially in drains. Recycling bins for cans and other containers containing sweets or food for roaches and ants should sit away from potential pest harborage areas, sinks, etc. Report such conditions even if there is no sign of pest activity. Report signs of pest activity separately under pest evidence. Check that garbage and trash receptacles are clean and have intact liners. Item 31. All food in storage areas should be off the floor and easily inspected. Remove and discard cardboard boxes and other unnecessary packaging to minimize hiding places for pests. Rotate food regularly, and place new cans and boxes at the backs of shelves. Item 32. Inspect utility rooms for general cleanliness and pest proofing. Mops and other cleaning supplies should be stored clean and off the floor. Drains should be clean and screened to exclude roaches and other pests. Item 33. Check condition of caulking and sealing. Item Areas with food should be cleaned and swept daily. Pet food and other food she be sealed in pest-proof containers. Windows, screens, and doors should fit tightly. Make note of cluttered and inaccessible areas. Trash cans should have liners. Interior Pest Evidence Item 38. Look for fecal droppings, urine stains (UVB blacklight inspection only), rub marks, gnawing, damaged food containers, tracks, etc. Make sure bait stations are maintained and service dates documented. Item 39. Termite activity may occur at any time of year, but is most likely to be noted in the spring when most swarming occurs. Distinguish termites from ants by their lack of pinched waist. Look for unusual wavy appearance on painted wood or gypsum sheetrock. Unusual mud crusts on walls or wood may indicate termite activity and usually occurs just prior to swarming. Report precise location of any termite activity. Item Note trails of fire ants or other ants. Accurate species identification may be essential for selecting the best bait or other control method. Item 42. Look for fecal specks around cracks and other harborage entrances. Species identification is important and will determine bait selection and areas in which to focus control efforts. Item 43. Species identification can assist in determining source of infestation. Field crickets are usually attracted to lighted buildings at night. Make note of possible entry points around lights or lighted entrances. House and camel crickets may breed indoors. Item 44. Spiders are usually harmless and are best disposed of by mopping or vacuuming. Confirms spiders are non-venomous. Use sticky traps to survey spider populations. Recommendations for Action The IPM technician can make recommendations for actions to be taken by the school district to improve pest control. These actions normally include only those building improvements that are beyond the scope of the pest management contractor or in-house pest management staff. Repairs or improvements that will be made at a later date by the technician, such as caulking or sealing, should be noted as such. Priorities are assigned by the pest management technician and may not be identical to those assigned by facility managers. IPM Program Assessment Item 48. Each school office should have a manual or computerized pest problem log that can be easily accessed by the pest control technician. Other paperwork (as required by each state or school district) should also be on file. Staff should be aware of the designated pest control contact person at each facility. Copies of all service reports should be maintained in an accessible file. Item 49. Report the overall service condition of sticky and light traps, bait stations, and records maintained by the pest control technician. Poorly maintained equipment is a sign of inadequate service. Check that safety procedures are maintained and followed. If serious problems are identified, set an approximate date for a follow-up Page Southwest Technical Resource Center for IPM in Schools schoolipm.tamu.edu

33 Section 9 Alvin Independent School District Integrated Pest Management Program IPM Notifications

34 (Student & Employee Handbook Notification ) Pest Management Program Parents, Students, Faculty and Staff of Alvin Independent School District As part of an Integrated Pest Management Program, Alvin ISD has a policy that requires the use of nonchemical pest control tactics whenever practical. However, regular pest management inspections and services are conducted, which may include the use of mechanical pest control devices and occasional bait, dust, and pesticide spray applications. The district applies only pest control products that comply with the Texas Department of Agriculture - Structural Pest Control Service and the EPA. All persons performing pest management at district facilities are required to receive special training in current pest management practices and pesticide application. Except in an emergency, signs will be posted 48 hours before indoor applications and during all outdoor applications. Parents who want to be notified prior to pesticide application inside their child s school or who have further questions about pesticide use, including the types used and timing of treatments, may contact the districts IPM Coordinator. Bill VanWagner Compliance Coordinator Maintenance & Operations Dept Stapp Maxwell Bldg A (281) What is Integrated Pest Management? Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is a pest control method that uses alternatives to scheduled spraying of pesticides. Alvin ISD has adopted an IPM program to reduce the use of chemicals and provide economical and effective pest suppression. It promotes reduced dependence on pesticides in school buildings and landscapes and the use of alternative methods for managing pests commonly found in schools. The District s Policy It is the intent of Alvin ISD to comply with the current Texas Structural Pest Control Service standards. The School Board has adopted a Pest Management Policy Statement which is based on generally accepted procedures for IPM, as defined by the Environmental Protection Agency, including: Strategies that are compatible with human health and environmental protection; Proper identification of pest problems; Monitoring programs to determine when pests are present and when corrective actions are justified Using non-chemical management strategies; and Using the least toxic chemical controls when pesticides are necessary. The Student s Role The most important responsibility of the student is sanitation. Much of the prevention and reduction of pests at the school site depends on whether or not students clean up food leftovers, food in lockers, gum under desks, and paper clutter, etc. In addition, because students may observe the presence of pests, they should report any evidence of pests to their teachers. The more the students help, the better we can avoid the use of pesticides at our school sites. The Parent s Role The parents first responsibility is to learn about IPM practices and follow them at home so that pests are not carried to school in notebooks, lunch boxes, clothing, or in children's hair. Second, parents should be aware of the current pest management practices in their child s schools.

35 DISTRITO ESCOLAR INDEPENDIENTE DE ALVIN 26 de agosto del 2011 Padres, estudiantes, facultad y empleados del Distrito Escolar Independiente de Alvin Requerido por la ley, Alvin I.S.D. está notoficando a usted que el distrito aplica periódicamente pesticidas en las escuelas. Habrá anuncios para cumplir con los requisitos del TDA, Texas Structural Pest Control Service. Habrá anuncios notificando la fecha en que habrá tratamientos o antes de cualquier aplicación de pesticidas, información adicional sobre el horario y los tipos de pesticidas podrán ser obtenidas a través del Cooridnador de la Administración Integrada de Plagas del distrito: Nombre: Bill VanWagner Número de Teléfono: Dirección: 2200 Stapp Maxwell Bldg A Alvin, Texas Qué es la Administración Integrada de Plagas? La administración Integrada de Plagas (IPM) es un método de control de plagas que usa alternativas para planear la aplicación de pesticidas. Alvin I.S.D. ha adoptado un programa para reducir el uso de químicos y proveer una supresión económica y efectiva de plagas. Esto promueve la reducción de la dependencia de persitcidas en los edificios y jardines escolares y el uso de métodos alternativos para el control de plagas que se encuentran comúnmente en las escuelas. Las Reglas del Distrito Alvin I.S.D. tiene la intención de cumplir con los estándares del TDA, Texas Structural Pest Control Service. El Consejo Escolar ha adoptado la Regla del Manejo de Plagas que está basado en procedimientos generalmente aceptados por IPM, definidos en la Agencia de Protección Ambiental, incluyendo: Estrategias que son compatibles con la salud y la protección ambiental humana; Identificación apropiada de problemas de plagas; Programas de monitoreo para determinar cuando existen plagas y cuando las acciones para corregir el problema están justificadas El uso de estrategias sin químicos; y Usando la menor cantidad de químicos tóxicos para el control cuando pesticidas son necesarios. El Rol del Estudiante La responsabilidad más importante del estudiante es la sanidad. La mejor prevención y reducción de plagas en las escuelas depende de si los estudiantes limpian las sobras de comida, comida en los lockers, no pegan chicle debajo del escritorio, y tiran los desperdicios de papel, etc. Además, si los estudiantes notan la presencia de plagas, deben de reportarlo a su maestro/a. Lo más que ayuden los estudiantes lo menos que será necesario el uso de pesticidas en las escuelas. El Rol del Padre La responsabilidad primordial de los padres es el aprender sobre los procedimientos de IPM y seguirlos en la casa para que las plagas no sean llevadas a la escuela en libretas, loncheras, ropa, o en el cabello de los niños. Segundo, los padres deben de informarse sobre el manejo del control de plagas el la escuela de sus hijos. Nuestras escuelas con mucho gusto contestarán cualquier pregunta que tengan. Notification 11-12

36 ALVIN INDEPENDENT SCHOOL DISTRICT August 26, 2011 Parents, Students, Faculty and Staff of Alvin Independent School District As required by law, the Alvin I.S.D. is providing this notification that the district periodically applies pesticides at school sites. Signs will be posted to meet requirements of TDA, Texas Structural Pest Control Service. Signs will be posted as scheduled treatments or prior to any additional pesticide application and additional information regarding the times and type of pesticide applications may be obtained from the district s Integrated Pest Management Coordinator: Name: Bill VanWagner Telephone Number: Address: 2200 Stapp Maxwell Bldg A Alvin, Texas What is Integrated Pest Management? Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is a pest control method that uses alternatives to scheduled spraying of pesticides. Alvin I.S.D. has adopted an IPM program to reduce the use of chemicals and provide economical and effective pest suppression. It promotes reduced dependence on pesticides in school buildings and landscapes and the use of alternative methods for managing pests commonly found in schools. The District s Policy It is the intent of Alvin I.S.D. to comply with the current Texas Structural Pest Control Service standards. The School Board has adopted a Pest Management Policy Statement which is based on generally accepted procedures for IPM, as defined by the Environmental Protection Agency, including: Strategies that are compatible with human health and environmental protection; Proper identification of pest problems; Monitoring programs to determine when pests are present and when corrective actions are justified Using non-chemical management strategies; and Using the least toxic chemical controls when pesticides are necessary. The Student s Role The most important responsibility of the student is sanitation. Much of the prevention and reduction of pests at the school site depends on whether or not students clean up food leftovers, food in lockers, gum under desks, and paper clutter, etc. In addition, because students may observe the presence of pests, they should report any evidence of pests to their teachers. The more the students help, the better we can avoid the use of pesticides at our school sites. The Parent s Role The parents first responsibility is to learn about IPM practices and follow them at home so that pests are not carried to school in notebooks, lunch boxes, clothing, or in children's hair. Second, parents should be aware of the current pest management practices in their children s schools. Our schools welcome questions by the parents. Annual Notification 11-12

37 Section 10 Alvin Independent School District Integrated Pest Management Program Pest Management Plans & Resource Information

38 THE BUG MAN INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT OUTLINE ALIN I.S.D. Service Plan General Green Pest Control 1. Interior Service a. Initial inspection of location b. Evaluate pest log for patterns and problem areas c. Check monitoring devices for pest activity and compare to established thresholds. d. Check for sanitation and maintenance solutions. e. Treatment methods shall be one or more of the following. i. Baits, gels and non-chemical glue traps ii. Crack and crevice dusting using EcoExempt D (dust) iii. Flushing, Vacuming and cleaning iv. Conventional spray applications using EcoPCO WP-X v. All products for interior use will be from the Green list 2. Exterior Service a. Initial inspection of location b. Evaluate entry point of pest and method of treatment i. Conventional spray using EcoPCO WP-X ii. Conventional granulation application iii. Recommend exclusion 3. Rodent Control a. Initial inspection of location b. Check for entry points for exclusion c. Evaluate exclusion methods and maintenance possibilities with IPM coordinator d. Select proper trapping method i. Glue boards ii. Tamper proof stations that are locked and secured to block or foundation All regular services will be done on a monthly basis and coordinated with the Lead Custodian and School Secretary for effectiveness. All Interior sprays and Aerosols will be Green list products from EcoSmart line of natural products. Termite Control 1. Formosan and Eastern Subterranean termites a. Conventional liquid treatment methods b. Slab construction will consist of treating the perimeter as well as any known cold joints and stress crack. c. Application of termiticides will be done according to the label of each particular chemical. d. Crawl space treatments will consist of all point of contact with the soil, including all accessible plumbing and supports. The BUG MAN Pest Company The Leader in GREEN Pest Management bugmantom@gmail.com

39 Commensal Rats Image (5) Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus) Roof rat (Rattus rattus) Identification: Roof rats range in color from black to gray or tan with a lighter belly. Norway rats are reddish-brown in color and are typically heavier than a roof rat. The length of the tail in a Norway rat is shorter than the length of the head and body together. The tail is also dark on top and light underneath. Roof rats have tails that are dark and are longer than the head and body of the rat. Roof rats prefer areas off the ground and are good climbers. They prosper in attics, roof spaces, and ornamental shrubbery. Roof rats generally enter buildings from overhanging trees or power lines. Norway rats are burrowers and thrive in environments where there is clutter or garbage. They burrow along foundations and under debris. They are good swimmers and may enter buildings through plumbing access points. The home range of these rats may be as much as 50 yards. Figure 1 Size comparison of commensal rats to house mouse. General Information: The best method for managing rats is exclusion. Rodents only need a 1/2 inch opening to access an area. While inspecting, listen for scratching, look for droppings, damage, urine (with a black light), and rub marks. Rodents will forage on a variety of items, so sanitation in addition to exclusion is critical. Rodents can cause damage by chewing wood and other items. They have also been known to start fires by gnawing on electrical wires. They carry many different kinds of diseases and bacteria that can lead to food poisoning. Take precaution when removing nest material, droppings, or remains. Rats are active at night. If they are seen during the day there is likely a large population, scarcity of food, or illness within the population. They defecate wherever they go, so droppings will be spread across their foraging area. Note that Norway rats like to hoard food so they may relocate baits. Figure 2 -Image of roof rat caught on snap trap Location/Situation Suggested thresholds Nonchemical Control Options Preferred Chemical Treatment(s) Cafeteria One rat justifies setting traps, improving sanitation, and rodent proofing the building. Sanitation and clutter control will do a great deal to manage rodents. Rodenticides should not be used indoors as it can result in rodents dying inside walls and ceilings, where odors prevail.

40 ",. Outdoors-rodenticides can be used, but should be placed in a tamperresistant ~ bait station and secured to a concrete block. Boxes should be checked at least monthly and bait replaced to avoid staleness in the bait. Food Storage See above. Exclusion (rodent proofing) See above. Areas the building with hardware cloth, or concrete patches. Gymnasiums See above. Identify runways by rub See above. marks, urine trails, or by using a thin layer of talcum powder. Concession Stands See above. Secured snap traps set at See above. right angles to rodent runs. Traps should be checked often. Note: Traps should not be set where children may contact them. Tips for Successful Trapping: Both the roof and Norway rat are leery of new things in their environment, so traps should be in place for several days before being set. After being set, they should remain in place for a week before being moved to a new location. Traps should be set along rodent runways to be most effective. The trigger side of the trap should be on the wall side. Because large rodents may move traps, all traps in a school should be secured, even if traps are set on weekends or during holidays. Tips for Successfully Bating for Rodent Control Rodent populations may have a food preference for a variety of items. They may be feeding on ketchup packages, or only on bread. If that is the case, you may use those items for bait. Generally, roof rats prefer fruit and nuts, and Norway rats prefer fish (sardines) or meat. Other baits include chocolate or dry oatmeal. Peanut butter works as a bait for both rats, but peanut allergies of the building inhabitants should be considered. You may want to use multiple baits to provide a variety of choices. For instance, you may set several traps with chocolate, several with peanut butter, and several with dry oatmeal. Another tip is to "bait" some traps with cotton balls or a ball of string. Pregnant females will scavenge for these items to make a nest. Remember rodents are neophobic (afraid of new objects) so be patient when setting traps and baits.

41 German Cockroaches German Cockroach Blattella germanica Image (5) Identification: Adults are 1/2 to 5/8 inches long, light brown to tan, with two dark stripes on the shield (pronotum) behind the head. Females are often seen carrying a yellowish-brown egg capsule (ootheca) protruding from the end of the abdomen. Nymphs are generally darker with two prominent dark stripes surrounding a lighter tan spot or stripe on body midsection (thorax). General Information: German cockroaches are our most prolific cockroach species producing 3-6 generations per year. Besides its importance as a sign of poor sanitation used by health departments, the German cockroach has been implicated in the transmission of several pathogenic organisms and as a cause of allergic reactions for children and adults. Prompt attention to sanitation and control are necessary to prevent this pest from becoming abundant at school facilities. German cockroaches do not enter structures from outdoors, they are spread entirely by humans and live only indoors. German cockroaches spend most of their lives in cracks and protected void areas near sources of food and water. Figure 2 German Cockroach Nymphs locations/ Situations Suggested Thresholds Nonchemical Control Options Preferred Chemical Treatment(s) Other Chemical Treatment Options Food One cockroach Caulk and seal Containerized Insect growth regulator sprays applied to Preparation Areas justifies baiting and monitoring potential harborages around water baits, or other baits applied to cracks and harborage areas. Boric acid dusts applied to dry, inaccessible void areas. Aggressive treatment should include all previously efforts. More and food prep inaccessible mentioned actions plus application of aerosol than 5 cockr- sites. Keep all void areas. or liquid residual pyrethroids to known oaches per food cleaned harborage areas, recognizing that some may inspection should trigger up or in sealed containers. have repellent properties that may affect bait retrieval. a complete Clean on a review of schedule, sanitation and including less control efforts accessible and possibly a areas. Use more sticky traps to aggressive monitor

42 treatment populations. strategy. Use a HEPA - vacuum to remove heavyinfestations prior to treatment. Bathrooms One cockroach Caulk and seal See above. See above. justifies potential baiting and harborages monitoring. around sinks More than one and other should trigger plumbing non-chemical penetrations. actions. More Repair loose than 10 tile and seal cockroaches holes in walls, per inspection etc. See should trigger above. review of sanitation and control efforts and possibly a more aggressive treatment strategy. Food More than one Inspect for See above. See above. Storage cockroach source of justifies infestations in cardboard baiting and boxes, drains, monitoring carts, shelving efforts. etc. Return, Increase eliminate intensity of and/or report efforts with infested items. higher numbers. More than 5 cockroaches per inspection should trigger review of sanitation and control efforts and possibly a more aggressive treatment strategy.

43 r>. Classrooms One cockroach Review food Crackand void Seeabove. Note: liquid residual sprays should justifies and pet treatment of rarely, if ever, be applied to classrooms during monitoring. policies in inaccessible the school year. classroom. harborage More than one Store all pet areas with justifies nonfood and other baits. Use chemical stored foods in discretion actions. Bait airtight whether use of when sticky containers. containerized trap catches Remove trash baits are exceed five daily, appropriate particularly and can be per inspection. before the used without weekend. Be being sure to inspect disturbed by backpack students. storage areas. See above. Utility and More than one look for See above. See above. Other cockroach sources of Areas justifies infestation. baiting and Correct monitoring sanitation efforts. efforts as Increase needed. intensity of efforts with higher numbers. Tips to Successful Monitoring: 1. Monitoring stations or units s should always be dated to monitor activity over time. 2. Be sure to place enough monitoring units to accurately monitor an area. Monitors provide valuable information about pest activity, so be sure to use a sufficient number of them. Food service areas should have more monitors than nonfood areas. 3. If a trap is consistently empty, the trap may be relocated to another site. 4. Create a map of the area that includes the location of the traps. You may also leave space on your map to write numbers of insect per trap for each inspection. It may be helpful to use monitor locators such as stickers. 5. Monitors should be placed along walls or in corners. 6. Monitors should be kept out of view if possible. Monitors may be secured with double sided tape. 7. They should be placed in clean, dry areas close to suspected cockroach harborage. 8. If possible, monitors should be placed in between resources (harborage, food, and water) where cockroaches may travel. 9. Monitors should be replaced if full or if the monitor has been wet or is covered in dust.

44 Tips to Sanitation and Cleaning 1. Eliminate clutter. Clutter creates harborage for pests. Harborage allows pests to eat, rest, and reproduce in the privacy and darkness oftheir own pesticide-free zone. Clutter makes it harder to clean. 2. Wipe surfaces with soapy water followed by a water rinse. The soapy water and rinse helps to remove cockroach allergens and aggregation pheromones left by cockroaches to attract other cockroaches to an area. 3. Eliminate food and water sources that can compete with bait applications. Definitions HEPA Vacuum Cleaners HEPA Vacuum Cleaners are fitted with High Efficiency Particulate Air filters, capable of capturing 99.97% of airborne particles 0.3 microns and larger, tiny dust particles that would pass through a regular vacuum cleaner filter. Cleaners with HEPA filters minimize the chance of passage of allergenic particles through the collection bag. Insect Growth Regulators Insect Growth Regulators (IGRs) include products like hydroprene and pyriproxifen for control of German cockroaches. While toxicity of IGRs is considered extremely low, it is considered good policy to use sprays only in situations where bait applications are impractical or have provided less than satisfactory control. In non-food and bathroom areas the action threshold may be higher, especially where food and water sources are limited and chance of heavy infestations are less. These thresholds should be considered suggestions and may be modified by the IPM Coordinator according to local sanitary conditions and stakeholder sensitivities. Authors of original content: Michael Merchant, Janet Hurley, Faith Oi and Rebecca Baldwin of the Southern Region SchoollPM Workgroup.

45 Smoky Brown and American Cockroaches Smoky Brown Cockroach Blattella germanica American Cockroach Periplaneta americana Image (s) Identification: Adults of both species are lxi to lyz inch long and have similar appearances. The main visual difference is the color of the adults. Smoky brown adults are dark brown, nearly black in coloration, while American cockroach adults are brown to reddish-brown with a cream-colored area on the "shield" (pronotum) behind the head. General Information: These species are the largest cockroaches normally found in urban areas in the U.S. They can be found indoors and outdoors, especially in warmer climates and moist surroundings. The American cockroach is common in city sewers and basements, particularly around pipes and drains; while the smoky brown prefers tree-holes, lose bark and mulch. Both species can build large populations if uncontrolled and can spread bacteria. Many people have allergies to cockroaches which makes these especially problematic in sensitive environments like schools. The best way to prevent cockroach problems is proper sanitation and cleanliness. Figure 2 Smoky Brown Nymphs location/sanitation Suggested Thresholds Nonchemical Control Options Preferred chemical treatment(s) Other chemical treatment options Kitchen and One cockroach justifies Clean up any areas not up Use bait stations Several other food monitoring, more than to sanitation standards. in rooms not pyrethroids can preparation one justifies baiting. More Get rid of cardboard and accessible to be used around areas than 10 justifies an otherdebristhatcouw children. Use known inspection to find out serve as shelter. Caulk other bait harborage areas. how they are entering the around sinks and cracks formulations in structure, to find areas to close off hiding places. inaccessible areas Always follow that are not up to Ensure no gaps under exit where the label sanitation standards and doors. cockroaches may directions. Use to locate other conducive hide. Use boric these pesticides conditions. acid and silica gel with care around in dry inaccessible areas that voids, cracks, and children may crevices. come in contact with. They

46 should be used as a last resort. Bathrooms One cockroach justifies Caulk and seal all sinks, See above See above monitoring, more than baseboards, and cracks. one justifies baiting and Fix any holes or broken nonchemical actions. tiles. More than 5 justifies inspection of sanitation in the area. Food Storage One cockroach justifies It's best to keep food in See above See above monitoring, more than pest-proof containers one justifies baiting. More that keep pests out. than 10 justifies an Inspect for cleanliness. inspection to find out Break down and recycle how they are entering the all cardboard boxes structure, to find areas that are not up to sanitation standards and to locate other conducive conditions. Classrooms One cockroach justifies Enforce all food and pet See above Pyrethroids monitoring with sticky policies in the classroom. should only be traps. More than one Make sure all snacks are used in justifies nonchemical stored in plastic classrooms if all options. More than 5 containers or sealed other methods justifies baiting. tightly. Inspect for have been tried cleanliness and did not provide satisfactory control. Utility and More than one cockroach Correct any sanitation See above See above other areas justifies monitoring and problems. Get rid of any baiting. Look for sources harborage sites. of water or food that may be attracting cockroaches to these areas.

47 Fire Ants Imported fire ant So/enopsis spp. Image (5) Identification: Imported fire ants deliver painful stings resulting in a white, bump-like pustule. They make prominent mounds from which they emerge quickly and aggressively when disturbed. Fire ants are reddish brown to black depending on where you reside. Workers vary in size, ranging from about 1/8 inch to 1/4 inch. Figure 1 Fire Ant Workers General Information: Because fire ants may present a hazard to children who are allergic to their venom, fire ant control should be made a top priority around athletic fields, playgrounds and classroom buildings. Since fire ant mounds are usually located outdoors, emphasize year-round suppression of fire ant activity in landscapes in and around buildings. Fire ant baits provide excellent control and are considered a preferred treatment. Individual mounds may be treated in sites where they are not numerous with baits or contact insecticides according to label directions. Visit the Texas Imported Fire Ant page for more information. locations/situations Suggested Nonchemical Preferred Chemical Other Chemical Treatment Options Thresholds Control Options Treatment(s) Football/ 4-5 mounds None effective. Broadcast Other toxicant (indoxacarb, baseball fields to initiate application of IGR hydramethylnon) baits. bait bait containing Other high application. methoprene, Liquid, granular, dust or aerosol maintenance pyriproxifen; or contact insecticide treatments may landscapes One mound non-igr products be used to eliminate individual sufficient to containing spinosad mounds. justify or abamectin. mound Surface-applied slow-acting, longtreatment. residual contact insecticides such as pyrethriods or fipronil where maximum suppression is desired. Playgrounds One mound None effective. IGR baits may be Faster acting toxicant baits such as sufficient to applied to turfgrass spinosad, hydramethylnon or justify Physical areas during spring indoxacarb should be applied around mound removal with a or summer colonies or mounds that extend treatment. shovel. vacations. For fast under sidewalks or other pavement control, apply non- areas. IGR bait or contact insecticide to mounds.

48 Low More than None effective. Broadcast Faster acting toxicant baits such as maintenance 40 mounds Regular - application of IGR spinosad, hydramethylnon or areas per acre or mowing to keep bait containing indoxacarb. Contact insecticide where mounds -~ methoprene, mound treatments may be used to complaints knocked down..pyriproxifen, or eliminate individual colonies. are fenoxycarb, or nonreceived. IGR baits with spinosad or avermectin. Building One mound None effective. Broadcast Faster acting toxicant baits such as perimeters within 10 application of IGR spinosad, hydramethylnon or feet of bait containing indoxacarb. Contact insecticide building methoprene, mound treatments may be used to sufficient to pyriproxifen, or eliminate individual colonies. Barrier justify fenoxycarb, or use treatments using fipronil or other treatment. non-igr bait with contact insecticide around preimeter spinosad or walls to prevent ant foraging Three or avermectin. indoors. more mounds per building if more than 10 feet distant.. Indoors Respond to Check all Control ants Pyrethrum sprays may be applied to any fire ant windows and outdoors around ant entry points only in emergency complaints. doors for tight the building (see situations where fast control is Treat when seals. Check above). Fire ant needed and caulking or sealing is not more than roof and baits applied to possible. one ant outside areas cracks or observed for mounds and inaccessible voids, per possible entry follow label classroom. points. instructions. Caulk and seal all suspected entry points. r:"v

49 Definitions Insect Growth Regulator (IGR): A slow acting disruptor ofthe ant's reproductive systems. IORs ant bait formulation products containing methoprene, pyriproxyfen or fenoxycarb, do not kill worker ants but rather prevent the development of new worker ants for months by affecting the queen ants. Worker ants present at the time of treatment must die off naturally. For this reason, lor baits are slow-acting, with broadcast application providing maximum effects in 1 to 2 months when applied in spring or early summer, but late summer or early fall applications having maximum effects 2 to 6 months later. Non-IGR insecticide ingredients: Other active ingredients are formulated in ant bait products, including spino sad, indoxacarb, hydramethylnon, and abamectin. These are vary in their ability to provide maximum control when broadcast-applied, with spinosad and indoxacarb being fasteracting, requiring 1 to 4 weeks. Bait products containing hydramethylnon (e.g., Amdro ) provide maximum effects in 3 to 6 weeks following application and can be used safely, but may not qualify in some states as low in toxicity. Abamectin perf oms more like an IOR.However, both hydramethylnon and abamectin work faster when applied at a higher rate to individual ant mounds. Authors: Michael E. Merchant, Janet Hurley, Faith M. Oi and Rebecca W. Baldwin of the Southern Region School IPM Workgroup

50 Tramp Ants Image (s) Argentine Ant Linepithema humile Pharaoh Ant Monomorium pharaonis Bigheaded Ant Pheidole spp. Whitefooted Ant Technomyrmex albipes Identification: Generally small (less than 1/8 inch), persistent and abundant ants that are commonly attracted to various kitchen and classroom foods, including sweets, oils and proteins. Tramp ants are usually non-territorial, quick to spread and often found many small nests. They represent some of the most common and important indoor and outdoor nuisance ants. Odorous house ants have a pungent odor when crushed. The smallest of these ants include the Pharaoh ant, whitefooted ant, and rover ants. Each ant species has its own unique biology, food preferences and control methods, so identification can be critical to selecting the best control. The following are general guidelines for dealing with tramp ants. General Information: Ants are social insects. Their nests or colonies can be found indoors and out, although some species have preferred nesting sites. A nest contains one or more queen ants laying eggs and being cared for by worker ants. Worker ants-- sterile or non-reproductive female ants--tend the queen and brood (eggs, larvae and pupae) and forage for food. Foraging ants can invade households from colonies outdoors. Nests often can be located by following "trails" of foraging ants. Indoors, ants nest almost anywhere. For instance, Pharaoh ants readily nest in attics, appliances, linens, heating ducts, wall voids and light switches or fixtures. Killing foraging ants rarely solves an ant problem in the home because the colony remains unaffected. During certain times of the year, most species produce reproductives, winged male and female ants that leave the nest to mate and establish new colonies. When winged ants swarm in the home, their colony is likely to be located somewhere inside Figure 3 Bigheaded Ant Major Worker Pheidole spp.

51 Ants form new colonies in several ways. Most are started by a newly mated, winged reproductive, now called the queen ant. After finding a suitable nesting site, the queen loses her wings and begins laying eggs, which hatch into legless, grub-like larvae. The queen feeds the larvae as they develop through several stages in which they molt and grow between each stage. Afterward, they form pupae and soon emerge as adult ants. Once worker ants have developed, the queen no longer needs to care for the brood. Some ant colonies have more than one queen, and mating may occur within the nest without swarming. These ants form new colonies when one or more queen ants, along with some workers and brood, leave the nest and move to a new location. Ant colonies do not nest in permanent locations; frequently entire colonies move from one nesting site to another almost overnight. Particularly during very wet or abnormally hot and dry weather, ant colonies whose nesting areas are flooded or lack food and water often migrate indoors. Worker ants foraging for food and water become a concern when they infest food or other items in the home. Although most ants consume a wide variety of foods (they are omnivorous), certain species prefer some types of foods and some even change their preferences over time. Foraging workers of some ants establish temporary chemical (pheromone) trails that help other ants find food and water. These species can "recruit" other ants to a resource quickly and in high numbers. Food is brought back to the colony and fed communally among the other members of the colony, including the queen{s) and brood, a process called trophallaxis. Figure 5 Whitefooted Ant Technomyrmex a/bipes ~~~~~~~~~ First sign of ant Remove Liquid or other baits. locate and treat nests directly using pyrethrins or tra ils consisting exposed Liquid, sugar-based other low-toxicity sprays and drenches. Nest prepa ration areas, classrooms, offices, other of 6 or more ants. When only winged (reproductive) ants are present in such sites, no food. Seal remaining food in airtight bags or containers. baits are best for sweet-loving ants like odorous house, Argentine, rover and white-footed ants. Protein or oil-based locations vary by species but may be in outdoor or potted plant soil. look especially under mulch and sheltering debris outdoors. Nests of Pharoah ants are often indoors and may be found in walls, storage boxes, drawers, etc. Non-repellent, residual insecticide sprays and dusts (consult with local indoor treatment is Disrupt ant baits work best for pesticide distributors or Extension IPM experts) locations. probably necessary. However, the trails by applying ammonia- pavement, fire and big-headed ants. Special protein-based may be applied with care to plumbing and electrical lines, along wall edges and under equipment. For outdoor nesting species, a barrier treatment can be IPM technician based, baits designed applied to the soil and building perimeters. This should be vinegar- specifically for treatment is most effective when used in

52 consulted to based, Pharaoh ants are best combination with baits. ensure that such pine-oil- used for this species. insects are not based or Bait stations should confused with other be placed, according termites. general to label directions, purpose along edges and cleaners. utility lines where Washing ants prefer to travel. trails with Avoid using cleaner will insecticides or remove cleaning agents in the scents that vicinity of baits and ant use to bait stations, as such return to a chemicals can repel site with ants from feeding on food. baits. Outdoor Usually Remove Liquid, gel or granular Drench ant nests with short-residual, liquid areas unnecessary to ant nest ant baits labeled for insecticides. around treat outdoor and soil to outdoor use should buildings. nests of (non- another be applied in multiple stinging) ants, location or locations around unless nest is to bucket foraging ants. adjacent to of soapy Numerous, very small building and water. bait placements are causing an indoor generally superior to infestation. fewer, larger placements. Bait stations that require lessfrequent servicing are available for some types of bait, including liquids. Interior First sign of ant Remove Liquid, gel or granular Locate and treat nests directly using pyrethrins, or plantscapes trails consisting infested ant baits labeled for other low-toxicity sprays and drenches. In potted of 6 or more ants. pots. outdoor use should plants, take plants outdoors to secure area before Disrupt ant be applied in multiple drenching. Return plant when soil is dry. trails by locations around applying foraging ants. ammonia- Numerous, very small based, bait placements are vinegar- generally superior to based, fewer, larger pine-oil- placements. Bait based or stations should only other be used in secure, general out-of-sight locations. purpose cleaners. Washing trails with cleaner will remove scents that ants use to return to a site with food.

53 Electrical First sign of ant Vacuum Liquid, gel or granular Look for indoor/outdoor source of ants and treat equipment, trails consisting debris and ant baits labeled for nests when located. Apply barrier of insecticide wiring, of 6 or more ants; clean inside use in and around outside and inside equipment boxes to prevent ant ant damage or and around electrical equipment entry into equipment. Extreme care should be used switches, debris in or equipment should be applied when using aerosol or liquid insecticides around relays, air around electrical carefully. inside closed electrical equipment. Where possible, electricity conditionin switches, relays equipment housing. should be shut off during treatment. Only aerosols g units, and wiring. Insecticide- with low-conducting propellants, labeled for use outdoor impregnated plastic around electrical equipment, should be used for lighting, barriers can also be this purpose. etc. used to protect inaccessible wiring and electrical boxes.

54 Yellowj ackets Image (s) Yellowjacket Wasp Identification: Yellowjacket wasps are about 1/2 inch long with distinct yellow and black markings. Compared to honey bees, yellowjackets are sparsely haired. Wings are folded lengthwise, similar to paper wasps and hornets. They make a paper nest, usually located underground. Occasionally nests will be constructed in walls or other protected sites. Portions of the paper nest may be visible where it extends beyond its protective shelter. Unlike "aerial yellowjacket" or hornet nests, exposed yellowjacket nests are not usually symmetrical in shape. General Information: Yellowjacket wasps are social insects, living in colonies of hundreds to thousands. Like other social wasps, yellowjackets vigorously defend their nest against threats, such as people who get too close to the nest entrance. Guard wasps stationed near nest entrances use chemical communication to warn the colony of intruders. Hundreds or thousands of wasps can quickly emerge from a nest and attack people or animals that venture too close. Yellowjackets are either scavengers or predators on other insects. Some species commonly scavenge for sweets and protein foods in and around garbage cans and picnic areas. In most parts of the country yellowjacket colonies die out each winter shortly after the first frost. Queen yellowjackets survive the winter in sheltered locations like buildings or outdoors under bark, stones, loose leaves or other shelter. Figure 3 YellowjacketWasp trap Locations! Suggested Nonchemical Control Preferred Other Chemical Treatment Options Situations Thresholds Options Chemical Treatment(s) Foraging One Use Not practical. Not practical. wasps teacher Istaff yellowjacket around complaint(s) traps placed at received, or 5 least 20 feet outdoor or more from areas of eating wasps high human areas. observed activity to near food or reduce the

55 picnic tables. chance of human/wasp contact. Foraging wasps near dumpster sand garbage receptacl es. One teacher/staff complaint(s) received, or 5 or more wasps observed near garbage receptacles. Ensure lids and doors of receptacles are present and well sealed. None. In heavy infestations, insides of dumpsters may be sprayed with residual insecticide. Foraging wasps near dumpster sand garbage receptacl es First sign of ant trails consisting of 6 or more ants. None. None. Have qualified individual treat nest directly with an appropriate residual insecticide and remove nest afterwards. Trapping works by killing foraging wasps and drawing foragers away from areas of high human activity. Traps designed especially for yellowjacket wasps are available from a variety of sources. Note that some species, such as the southern yellowjacket, are primarily predators and may be less attracted to traps than other scavenger species. While traps may have some benefit in reducing numbers of foraging wasps, they are not generally effective in eliminating entire yellowjacket wasp colonies. There are currently no effective, low-impact insecticides for quickly eliminating underground yellowjacket colonies. Pyrethroid insecticides work well and should pose no significant environmental or health risks when applied directly to yellowjacket nests. Nest elimination should be done during the evening hours to prevent risks to the applicator. What About Stings Wasps, including yellowjackets, paper wasps and hornets can sting multiple times while honey bees can only sting once. (Other types of bees usually don't sting, but when they do, should be treated like wasp stings.) Honey bees leave the stinger in the skin via a handy barb. Here is where the treatment difference comes in. Immediately after the sting, the stinger needs to be removed. Attached to the stinger is a poison sac that continues to pump venom into the sting site for several minutes. This stinger should not be pulled out; rather, it should be scraped off. A stiff sheet of paper or a credit card works well for this. A wasp sting does not require scraping. After you have identified the offending organism and removed the stinger, be sure to observe the patient for any signs of allergic reaction. If the patient has a history of allergic reactions, shows signs of severe swelling or has trouble breathing, a physician should be contacted immediately. If the patient shows no signs of distress, the sting area can be soothed

56 by applying an over-the-counter insect bite and sting product. Home remedies include applying a paste of baking soda or meat tenderizer and water. An antihistamine may also be given to relieve the itching caused by the sting. Sting Prevention A few tips on how to prevent or at least minimize being stung. Keep sweet items covered. Bees and wasps, like children, are attracted to sweets. This includes recycle bins and garbage cans that contain soda cans or fruit scraps. It is recommended that all outside garbage cans be covered with a self-closing lid. Don't walk barefooted on the playground or in the yard. Bees and wasps are nectar collectors, so they are often close to the ground. Don't harass the wasps. When a paper wasp nest is spotted, come in and remove it at night. it is best to leave it at a distance and have a professional Publication Authors: Mike Merchant and Dale Pollet

57 Honey Bees Honey Bee Apis metlifera Image (5) Identification: Honey bees are about Yz inch in length with an orange to yellowish-brown color and black intersegmental bands on the abdomen. The legs, antenna and eyes are black and the thorax, abdomen and legs are densely covered with hairs. They build their nest of wax and nests may be located inside of structures (walls) or trees or hanging from protected locations on trees or other structures. Whether in walls or exposed, the nest is a series of double sided wax sheets that are arranged in patterns. Unlike African honey bees, they will not nest in the ground. General Information: Honey bees are social insects, living in colonies containing 60 to 120 thousand individual workers, a few hundred drones and a queen. like most bees and wasps they will defend their nests when disturbed. Honey bees can only sting once because their barbed stinger remains in the individual or animal when stung, causing the last abdominal segments of the honey bee to be ripped off. This results in the death of the honey bee. When disturbed, a few hundred bees will emerge from the nest and attack the intruders. In contrast, Africanized honey bees are often much more aggressive. Figure 2 Honey Bee Stinging Honey bees are the primary pollinators of 2/3 of the food we eat, either directly or indirectly. They gather nectar from flowers to make honey and collect pollen from flowers during pollination and use them for food. When there are few nectar sources blooming, honey bees will forage in any source that has sugar, from trash cans to soft drink cans, to sweets like candy and fruits. Man cares for and manages honey bee colonies in hives and extracts the excess honey and pollen that the honey bees produce. The colors of honey are produced by the floral sources from which the honey bees gather the nectar from. Wax, propolis (resinous bee glue), honey bees and queens are other products that beekeepers harvest from the hives they manage. Unlike other bees and wasps, a reduced colony will overwinter, rather than just the queens. Figure 3 Damage by Honey Bees

58 . locations! Suggested Nonchemi.c~L. " Preferred" OtherChemicalTreatmentoptiol)s. "'..... Situations Thresholds Control'option's";, Chemical., Treatment(s) t: '.. < ", "'".,.~ Foraging One Locate nest None practical. Insect growth regulator sprays applied to honey bees teacher/staff source of Where harborage areas. Boric acid dusts applied to around complaint(s) honey bees treatment dry, inaccessible void areas. Aggressive received, or 5 and have needed use treatment should include all previously outdoor or more honey beekeeper one cup of mentioned actions plus application of aerosol eating bees observed remove. Good liquid soap per or liquid residual pyrethroidsto known areas. near food or sanitation and gallon of water harborage areas, recognizing that some may picnic tables. removal of sprayed or a have repellent properties that may affect bait possible food soapy foam to retrieval. attractants. If treat nest necessary where removal wash area is not practical. down. Swarms. Anytime found Wait to see if None practical. None practical. or observed. the swarm moves on and keep children away from the site. Otherwise, seek removal by qualified individual or company. Make a list of available beekeepers for assistance, with names and phone numbers. Foraging One Make sure None. With repeated incidents, try to locate nest honey bees teacher/staff covers or and remove. Treat inside of containers near complaint(s) doors are with residual chemical to repel closed and dumpsters received, or 5 honeybees. well sealed. and or more honey garbage bees observed Use trash receptacles near garbage compactors to receptacles. package and remove waste from kitchen and other food areas. Nest Observance of Have honey Not practical. Where nest in trees cannot be removed, treat located on bees coming bees removed with a pyrethroid and soap and seal hole after or near and going by qualified treatment.. individual and school from an seal all outside grounds or opening in a

59 in walls of school building. tree or school structure, or report of honey bees in a classroom. openings that honey bees may use as an entrance for nesting in walls or between floors. May need to replace lumber to eliminate nest scent. What About Stings Wasps, including yellowjackets, paper wasps and hornets can sting multiple times while honey bees can only sting once. (Other types of bees usually don't sting, but when they do, should be treated like wasp stings.) Honey bees leave the stinger in the skin via a handy barb. Here is where the treatment difference comes in. Immediately after the sting, the stinger needs to be removed. Attached to the stinger is a poison sac that continues to pump venom into the sting site for several minutes. This stinger should not be pulled out; rather, it should be scraped off. A stiff sheet of paper or a credit card works well for this. A wasp sting does not require scraping. After you have identified the offending organism and removed the stinger, be sure to observe the patient for any signs of allergic reaction. If the patient has a history of allergic reactions, shows signs of severe swelling or has trouble breathing, a physician should be contacted immediately. If the patient shows no signs of distress, the sting area can be soothed by applying a paste of baking soda or meat tenderizer and water. An antihistamine may also be given to relieve the itching caused by the sting. Sting Prevention A few tips on how to prevent or at least minimize being stung. Keep sweet items covered. Bees and wasps, like children, are attracted to sweets. (This includes recycle bins and garbage cans that contain soda cans or fruit scraps). It is recommended that all outside garbage cans be covered with a self-closing lid. Don't walk barefooted on the playground or in the yard. Bees and wasps are nectar collectors, so they are often close to the ground. Don't harass the bees. When a bee hive is spotted, it is best to leave it at a distance and have a professional come in and remove it at night. Author of original content: Dale Pollet More images

60 Africanized Honey Bees Image (5) Identification: The African honeybee is a hybrid cross between an African subspecies and the European subspecies. The African is slightly small than its European parent but cannot be distinguished just by looking. Color patterns, markings and body characters are the same, making it impossible to separate them by visual observation. They build the same type of wax nest and may be located in walls, structures, trees or hanging from trees or structures. But, unlike their European cousins they will nest in unusual places like the ground, water meters and even barbecue. General Information: Like all honeybees they are social insects, living in colonies of 60 to 150 thousand workers, a few drones and a queen. As with most bees and wasps they will defend their colony when disturbed but with a much greater response. Where just a few European honeybees will respond to an intrusion and follow you for several yards, the Africans will respond with hundreds of guards and follow you a quarter to a half mile. The Africans, like the Europeans, can only sting once since the barbed stinger remains in the human or animal, ripping off the last segment, causing the death of the honeybee. The possibility of serious injury or fatality comes from the number of times individuals are stung or due to allergic reactions to insect stings. One does not receive a larger dose of venom when stung, but with a high number of stings, the larger dose of venom can overpower the system's defenses. The African honeybees were initially brought into Brazil from Africa to improve the foraging and nectar gathering ability (genetics) of the European honeybee. However, they escaped and may have become more of a problem than a benefit to the industry. They do the same work of the European honeybees in pollinating flowers and will scrounge at any source of sugar when there is a lack of blooming nectar sources. Africans are known to take over European colonies. They are noted for the process of absconding, where the entire colony picks up and leaves a location due to lack of a food source or disturbances. This can happen several times a year and, in conjunction with swarming, is what accounts for their rapid spread and movement of 200 to 300 miles a year. Moving from Brazil in 1957, they escaped and crossed the United States border in Since crossing the border in Texas, Figure 3 Damage by Honey Bees

61 they have spread West to California through New Mexico and Arizona and east into Oklahoma, Arkansas and louisiana. Florida and Alabama have become infested from swarms escaping from ships at ports of entry. Their range will gradually expand as they become accustomed to environmental conditions or through crosses with the European populations. See management tips for Eurpoean honey bees. When dealing with potential bee colonies, seek qualified individuals such as bee keepers or pest management service providers. Keep a listing of local beekeepers and other qualified individuals and have plans for any medical emergencies. Foraging One Locate nest None practical. honey bees teacher/staff source of around complaint(s) honeybees Where received, or 5 and have treatment outdoor or more honey beekeeper needed use eating bees observed remove. Good one cup of areas. near food or sanitation and liquid soap per picnic tables. removal of gallon of water possible food sprayed or a attracta nts. If soapy foam to necessary treat nest wash area where removal down. is not practical. Swarms. Anytime found Beekeeper Sprayed with None practical. or observed. removal. Make soapy foam or a list of one cup soap available per gallon of beekeepers water. for assistance, with names and phone numbers. Foraging One Make sure None. With repeated incidents, try to locate nest and honey bees teacher/staff covers or remove. Treat inside of containers with near complaint(s) doors are residual chemical to repel honeybees. closed and dumpsters received, or 5 well sealed. and or more honey garbage bees observed receptacles near garbage receptacles.

62 Nest Observance of Have honey Not practical. Where nest in trees cannot be removed, located on bees coming bees treat with a pyrethroid and soap and seal or near and going removed by a hole after treatment to prevent injury to school grounds or in walls of school building. from an opening in a tree or school structu re, or report of honey bees in a classroom. beekeeper and seal all outside opening that honey bees may use as an entrance for nesting in other bees. walls or between floors. What About Stings Wasps, including yellowjackets, paper wasps and hornets can sting multiple times while honey bees can only sting once. (Other types of bees usually don't sting, but when they do, should be treated like wasp stings.) Honey bees leave the stinger in the skin via a handy barb. Here is where the treatment difference comes in. Immediately after the sting, the stinger needs to be removed. Attached to the stinger is a poison sac that continues to pump venom into the sting site for several minutes. This stinger should not be pulled out; rather, it should be scraped off. A stiff sheet of paper or a credit card works well for this. A wasp sting does not require scraping. After you have identified the offending organism and removed the stinger, be sure to observe the patient for any signs of allergic reaction. If the patient has a history of allergic reactions, shows signs of severe swelling or has trouble breathing, a physician should be contacted immediately. If the patient shows no signs of distress, the sting area can be soothed by applying a paste of baking soda or meat tenderizer and water. An antihistamine may also be given to relieve the itching caused by the sting. Sting Prevention A few tips on how to prevent or at least minimize being stung. Keep sweet items covered. Bees and wasps, like children, are attracted to sweets. (This includes recycle bins and garbage cans that contain soda cans or fruit scraps). It is recommended that all outside garbage cans be covered with a self-closing lid. Don't walk barefooted on the playground or in the yard. Bees and wasps are nectar collectors, so they are often close to the ground. Don't harass the bees. When a bee hive is spotted, it is best to leave it at a distance and have a professional come in and remove it at night. Author of original content: Dale Pollet

63 Figure l"three Banded Italian" Honey Bee Honey Bee (Cordovian Colored Queen) "Wild Honey Bee" Colony Honey Bee: Black Worker Bee (Carniolan) Honey Bee Swarm "Wild Honey Bee" Colony

64 Bats Brazilian Free-tail Bats Tadarida brasiliensis Evening Bat Nycticeius humeralis Big brown bat Eptesicus fucus Little brown bat Myotis lucifugus Southeastern Bat Myotis austroriparius Image (5) Identification: Before attempting control of bats, it is important to know which bat species you are dealing with. A few bats are very rare and are federally protected. It is important to comply with the laws that protect these animals. While some bats are easy to identify, others require training and the use of identification keys. Your local Parks and Wildlife Department, or Bat Conservation International, may be able to determine which species of bats are most likely in your school district. Additionally, bats are identified routinely when submitted for rabies testing to the Department of State Health Services Laboratory in your state. Direct contact with a bat may result in potential rabies exposure, so all bats that come in contact with students, faculty or staff must be tested for rabies. Figure 2 Evening Bat Nycticeius humeralis

65 General Information: Bats are highly beneficial wild manuiials. Some bat species eat insects and consume up to their weight in food each night. Others are important pollinators. Bats are not flying rodents, but belong to a unique order of mammals called Chiroptera (Latin for "hand wing"). A common myth about bats is that they are blind. Bats have good vision; however, they can also use sound waves (echolocation) to help them navigate and locate food.. Because bats are mammals, they give birth to live young. Most produce one pup a year, although a few species give birth to litters of 2 to 4 pups. Some bat species mate in the fall or winter, but fertilization is delayed and subsequent development of the fetus does not occur until spring. Other species, like the Mexican free-tailed bat, mate in the spring. Fertilization and fetal development follow, and pups are born in the spring or early summer (mid-april to September). By late summer, the pups are able to fly and feed on their own. Figure 4 Little brown bat Myotis!ucifugus Bats live in a variety of places including caves, abandoned mines, hollow trees, under tree bark, in palm fronds and in the crevices under bridges. As natural habitat decreases, some species now commonly roost in buildings. Bats are creatures of habit and will return to the same roost year after year. Brazilian Free-tail Bat (also known as Mexican Free-tail) Tadarida brasiliensis Subspecies: T. b. Mexicana (migratory) T. b. cynocepha/a (non-migratory) Wingspan: inches Length: 3 Y2 to 4 inches Weight: 8 to 14 grams Color: Gray or dark brown to rusty brown. Other: Large round ears and vertical wrinkles on upper lip; tail projects beyond the tail membrane for about a third of its length Image is above table Figure 1 Evening Bat Nycticeius humeralis Wingspan: 10 to 11 inches Total Length: 3 to Color: brown to black, ears and wings are black. Other: Image is above table Figure 2-4 inches Weight: 5 to 14 tail completely enclosed in grams the tail membrane

66 Big brown bat Wingspan: 13 to 15 Color: Light rusty to dark Image is in above table Eptesicus fuscus inches Total Length: 4 to chocolate brown; individual Figure 3 5 inches Weight: 13 to 25 grams hairs darker tips. Other: enclosed membrane at bases than at Tail completely in the tail Little brown bat Wingspan: 8 % to 10 % Color: Brown to bronze. Image is above table Myotis lucifugus inches Total Length: 3 to Other: Tail completely Figure 4 3 % inches Weight: 4 to 5 grams (7 Yz to 8 Yz just closed in the tail membrane prior to hibernation) Southeastern Bat Myotis Wingspan: 9-11 inches This species has brown fur Image is not available austroriparius Length: 3Yz-4 inches on top and white fur on the Endangered bottom or underbelly. Locations/Situations Suggested Thresholds Nonchemical Control Options Classroom, gym, or 1 bat found on ground Ensure contact has not been made with anyone; Have interior of building the following items available before you approach the bat: a pair of thick work gloves, a plastic face shield, a small cardboard box and masking or duct tape; After putting on the gloves and face shield, carefully place a box or coffee can over the bat, place a sturdy piece of cardboard under the box or can, secure the box and tape it shut; take bat out side and place on a high surface or close to a tree so the bat can crawl up. Building - artificial roosts 1 known colony or After observing bat entry and exit points, seal up all evidence of bats inside other potential entry points using caulk, concrete building cements for crack and crevice use, weather stripping, flashing, or hardware cloth (X mesh). See steps to evict bats below.

67 Steps to Evict Bats I. To effectively evict the bats you will need to use one-way shoots (see figure l), You can make a shoot or one-way valve out of2-inch (diameter) PVC pipe, an empty and cleaned caulking tube with both ends cut off, plastic netting (see figure 2), or even clear sheets of plastic. Place the tube or netting over the holes in the roof or soffit used by the bats to allow them to leave, but not re-enter the building. If bats are roosting in a long horizontal crevice, place a tube roughly every 6 feet along the entire distance to make sure all bats can get out. For some large areas, netting can be used to form a drape to allow bats to exit, but not return. If using netting, make sure it has a mesh of less than '4 inch so bats won't get caught in it. 2. Leave these one-way devices in place for at least one week during warm weather to ensure all the bats have gotten out. 3. Once the bats are excluded from the building, begin remediation procedures. Bat guano should be removed from interior structures so as not to attract other pests like cockroaches or flies. The naturally occurring soil fungus, Histoplasma capsulatum, is sometimes found in bird and bat droppings. 1~~fP"!. Hole Insert tube into exit hole, Leave. hefting unattached along the,bot(qmedgeand anow it toe:xtend 1,8to 24 inche~ below the exit point Seal openings around,outside,of tube with... caulk. For sf11suer,noiesr cut flaps i:ntoend of tube. Position tube over exit hole and.tap~,qr staple jnplac'e~ ~"p~r~ oetting along~p and side" oflbe opening

68 Although it is generally associated with bat droppings in caves, where humid conditions are conducive to fungal growth, caution should be used when cleaning up guano in any confined area to prevent inhalation of fungal spores that can cause histoplasmosis. Employees should wear personal protective equipment. This should include leather gloves, long-sleeved shirt, long pants and either a full-face shield or goggles and respirator capable of filtering particles smaller than 2 microns in diameter. Bat guano can accumulate quickly in large colonies. Prior to removing these deposits, your maintenance crew can lightly dampen the guano with water and a surfactant (soapy solution) to minimize dust and fungal spore dispersal into the air. Like other mammals, bats can have ectoparasites such as mites, ticks, fleas, and flies. Depending on the roosting location, a licensed pesticide applicator may need to make an application of desiccant or insecticide dust after eviction to kill parasites and keep them from entering areas occupied by students and staff. Ensure that the area has been permanently sealed off from the outside to prevent bats or other pests from entering the area. Selected References for Original Document French, B., L. Finn, and M. Kiser, 2002, Bats in Buildings: An Information Conservation International, Austin, TX, and Exclusion Guide, Bat Kern, W. H., Jr., 2005, Bats in Buildings, University of Florida, IFAS Extension, Fact sheet ENY-268 Tuttle, M., 2003, Texas Bats, Bat Conservation International, Inc. Austin, TX All images courtesy of Bat Conservation International, Melvin Tuttle, Austin, TX

69 Mosquitoes Mosquito (Family Culicidae) Image (5) Identification: Adult mosquitoes are small and fragile, ranging in body length from 3 to 6 mm. The head is small and globular with a large pair of compound eyes. Protruding from the head are long thin piercingsucking mouthparts and a pair of antennae which are hairy in the female and feathery or bushy in the male. The thorax is deep but thin and the wings are long and narrow and held along the body when the insect is at rest. Mosquito wings characteristically have small scales along the veins and along the hind margin. The legs are long and thin and the body is held in a perched position when at rest. The abdomen is also long and thin. Many species are not strong fliers and avoid strong wind while other species are capable of dispersing over a great distances. Many adult mosquitoes are active at dawn, dusk, or into the evening, but, some important urban pest species fly and feed during the day. The female mosquito usually requires a meal of vertebrate blood or plant juices for egg development. Male mosquitoes do not bite and normally feed on plant juices. General Information: Mosquitoes are of concern in the school environment because many species are painful biters and/or are capable of transmitting certain diseases such as malaria, filariasis, yellow fever, dengue haemorrhagic fever and encephalitis. In the United States, the threat of developing encephalitis from mosquitoes is far greater than the threat from other mosquito vectored diseases. Encephalitis, meningitis and other diseases can develop from the bites of mosquitoes infected with certain viruses such as West Nile, St. louis encephalitis, lacrosse (California) encephalitis, and Eastern equine and Western equine encephalitis. Figure 3 Keep roadside ditches and draining areas clear of debris so that storm water drains off easily. All mosquitoes undergo complete metamorphosis-egg, larva, pupa, and adult. The larvae are commonly known as wigglers, and the pupae as tumblers. Mosquitoes require water for larvae and pupae to develop, although a moist substrate may permit development of the pupa of some species. Eggs of some species may survive long periods out of water, under conditions varying from humid to dry but require water to hatch.

70 Outdoors Suggested.;;~': Thresholds " 'Nonche!"ical,C«;,ntrol Options-- Preferred Chemical Treatment(s) Other Chemical Treatment Options As determined by public health authorities or one teacher, staff or student complaint. Avoidance - Do not go outside when mosquitoes are active. Wear long pants and long sleeved shirts to avoid bites. Source Reduction - Eliminate any standing water where mosquito larvae and pupae can develop. Repellents - Applied under parental supervision to individual before entering school property. Larvacides - If a water source cannot be eliminated, treat water with a larvacide containing methoprene, Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis or B. sphaericus bacteria. Treat only if mosquito larvae are present. Application by trained personnel ONLY. Adulticides - Treat surfaces where mosquitoes rest, such as vegetation and the exterior walls of structures with a liquid residual adulticide. Practice area wide mosquito adult suppression through ultra low volume/fogging application of adulticides with specialized ground or aerial equipment. Adulticide application by properly trained and certified/licensed pest management professionals, public health personnel, or municipal public works personnel ONLY. Indoors One teacher/staff/stud ent complaint. Exclusion - Maintain tight-fitting screens for doors and windows to prevent mosquito entry or keep windows and doors closed. Mechanical Control - Use flyswatter or hand to kill individual mosquitoes. Source Reduction - Eliminate any standing water where mosquito larvae and pupae can develop. ed ChemiC,aI,Trea~in~nt(s),,~~}:', : ~~~:,~ c', :j; ~~>: ~r/'/: Repellents - Applied under parental supervision to individual before entering school property. Adulticides - Use space or aerosol sprays to kill flying/resting adult mosquitoes indoors. Adulticide application by properly trained and certified/licensed pest management professionals, public health personnel, or municipal public works personnel ONLY. Authors of original article: John Hopkins, Mike Merchant, Baker Dawn Gouge, Kirk Smith, Carl Olson and Paul

71 Nuisance Birds Image (5) Pigeon (Columba livia) House sparrow (Passer domesticus) Starlings (Sternus vulgaris) Introduction: Birds generally considered "nuisance birds" include pigeons (Columba livia), house sparrows (Passer domesticus), and starlings (Stern us vulgaris). These species are not native to this country, and have caused many conflicts between them and man. Pigeons are represented in nearly all urban and suburban locations and are considered a nuisance. General Information: The presence of these birds in unwanted areas can cause damage to property, and their droppings may create unpleasant odors. Bird droppings can also ruin vegetation, painted surfaces, gutters and awnings, and cause electrical equipment to malfunction. Birds may carry diseases which are capable of infecting humans, and bird droppings can promote soil conditions favoring development of such fungal diseases as histoplasmosis. House sparrows can damage rigid foam insulation, and their nests can become fire hazards. The first step in your bird control program should be identification of the pest bird; if you cannot positively identify the bird, consult an expert before taking action. The Migratory Bird Treaty and Endangered Species Acts prohibit the trapping or killing of most birds, eggs or nests without a permit. House sparrows, starlings, and pigeons are not protected under these Acts, but may be covered under local ordinances, so be sure to consult with local wildlife authorities. Figure 3 Birds sitting on a ledge.

72 Nonchemical Control Options.. Other Chemical Treatment Options Inside a bus barn Droppings one inch Habitat modification and Polybutylene repellents can be or other area deep or more exclusion from structures are applied to ledges or beams to occupied by generally the most effective prevent roosting. These repellents people ways of controlling nuisance are non-toxic, but feel sticky and bird populations. Note where unpleasant to birds attempting to birds are roosting, nesting, land. Apply repellent in tight wavy and landing; look for nests closely-spaced rows. Repellents must and droppings. EI,iminate be reapplied with some frequency as potential food and water they can become coated with dust or sources if possible. leaves and lose their sticky feel. Apply masking tape to the surface prior to using the repellent so that it may be more easily cleaned up and reapplied. Repellents are best suited for small- or medium- sized infestations. Exterior perimeter Nests found For window ledges, a ledge PiGNX@is used to prevent the of building obstructing made of wood, plexiglass, or roosting & congregation of pigeons equipment, gutters stone install a plastic or other in unwanted areas and has been or found on ledges. hard material device at 45- known to work on all types of birds. degree angle to prevent PiGNX@Caulking Gel is bio-pesticide perching, and be sure ends for pigeons. are closed as well. Exterior perimeter 10 or more birds 1/4 inch screen or net mesh is See above. of building- found per building recommended to keep all bird especially on three successive species out ofthese areas. walkway awnings inspections. or overhangs Interiors or Complaints from Screen undersides of rafters None recommended. enclosed areas staff, 5 or more with nylon netting, (cut (courtyards). birds seen velcro-attached panels into congregating. the netting to allow access to service equipment in the rafters). References used in Original Document Managing Urban Pest Bird Problems in Kentucky by Thomas G Barnes, Extension Wildlife Specialist, and Bernice U Constantin, USDA-APHIS-ADC Illinois Department of Public Health Prevention and Control: Bird Exclusion and Dispersal Rottler Pest Solutions Unprotected Nuisance Birds Action Thresholds in SchoollPM Programs Supplemental Materials for Integrated Pest Management IPM Training Manual, Maryland Dept of Ag, Pesticide Regulation Section

73 Sample Action Thresholds for Maryland Schools: Table 2 From Birds to People: the Facility Manager's Guide to Prevention of Avian Flu and Other Bird- Borne Diseases. "How to Get Rid of Roosting Birds" "European Starlings", Ron J Johnson, Extension Wildlife Specialist, Department of Forestry, Fisheries, and Wildlife, University of Nebraska, from Prevention and Control of Wildlife Damage "House Sparrows", William D Fitzwater, Director, New Mexico Outdoor Communicators, from Prevention and Control of Wildlife Damage "Pigeons (Rock Doves}", David E Williams, State Director, USDA-APHIS-Animal Damage Control from Prevention and Control of Wildlife Damage

74 Stinging Caterpillars Image (5) Identification: Caterpillars are the immature form of butterflies and moths. They are variable in form and coloration and several of them have various defense mechanisms such as, horns, spines, venomous spines, eversible glands, secretions, and body hairs. In addition their body color may help them blend into the environment (camouflage) or their ability to remain motionless and resemble small twigs all help them to protect themselves from predators, parasites and man. They can be foliage feeders on shrubs, trees, grass, ornamentals, vegetable plants or weeds or they can be borers into plants or trees. Each caterpillar goes through four or six growth stages or molts where they shed their skin to grow and complete development. This larval form is the second stage in the development of the butterfly or moth. The total process is called metamorphosis and consists of the egg, larva, pupa and adult. We will concern ourselves with those which have venomous hairs or spines that can cause a burning sensation when touched, producing a red swollen area and for people allergic to insect stings the possibility of anaphylactic shock and death. General Information: These caterpillars may live in clusters and disperse prior to pupating or they can be solitary. Host plants are sometimes specific like the buck moth caterpillar to oaks, but other caterpillar species can develop on a wide range of hosts. Some species have a single generation each year while others have multiple generations. Thus, species identification is important for making the best management decisions. One of these species, the puss caterpillar is sometimes called an "asp". "Stinging" caterpillars have a series of hollow glass like hairs or spines on the body that contain amino acid venom. When touched the spines break off in the skin and the venom inside runs down the spine into the open wound created by the spine. This is what produces the burning stinging sensation, the reddening and swelling. Some people are very sensitive to the venom and may require medical attention. Figure 4 Slug caterpillar

75 Effects of the rash produced by these caterpillars can be reduced through the application of over-the-counter insect bite and sting products. Home remedies reportedly include several household materials such as, ammonia, Clorox, tobacco juice, toothpaste, meat tenderizer in a paste, or baking soda in a paste which are throught to neutralize the acid venom reducing its affects. If these are not available, one could attempt to remove urticating hairs by pressing a piece of tape down hard on the affected area and then rip it off. This will catch some or all of the spines and pull them out, perhaps closing the wound and preventing the venom from entering. There are many caterpillars with hairs or spines on their bodies but not all of them contain venom. Some species mimic the stinging caterpillars in appearance so they will be left alone. Identification is important as touching the wrong caterpillar can be painful. Infested trees, shrubs or plant beds One stinging caterpillar Knock off and mash where possible Spinosad, Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki, (moderate to slow acting) Other contact insecticides containing acephate, carbaryl, pyrethroids (permethrin, bifenthrin, cypermethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin) or others possibly mixed with an adjuvant or liquid soap can be used populations that need quick knockdown

76 Ticks Image (5) Lone star tick Amblyomma americanum Blacklegged Tick Ixodes scapularis American Dog Tick Dermacentor variabilis Identification: The deer tick (Ixodes scapularis), also known as the black-legged tick, is a small tick found almost statewide, especially central and southern Maine. It is the principal vector of Borrelia burgdorferi, the Lyme disease spirochete (bacterium) in the northeastern United States. Ticks must remain attached to the host for at least 24 hours in order to infect the host. The early signs of the disease usually show up as a rash at the bite site followed by flu-like symptoms. Untreated cases may lead to arthritic conditions and possible neurological problems. Medical care should be sought when a person is bitten by a deer tick or exhibits Lyme disease symptoms. For more information on deer ticks and Lyme disease, contact the Maine Center for Disease Control and Prevention ( ) or click here for more information. The American dog tick (Dermacenter variabilis), also called the wood tick, is larger than a deer tick and the unengorged female has a whitish shield on its back. This tick readily attaches itself to humans and is one of the most commonly encountered ticks in Maine. Some dog ticks outside of Maine may carry the organism that causes Rocky Mountain spotted fever, a serious disease that can be transmitted to humans. Symptoms ofthis disease are headache, fever, and aching muscles 2 to 14 days after an encounter with a tick. Two to three days after the fever starts, a rash develops on the wrists and ankles, spreading to the palms, soles, and trunk of the body. There have been no known diseases transmitted by dog ticks in Maine. Dog ticks are most likely to be found in open areas with tall grass or brush. Adults are first noticed in late April and remain abundant through June. Although numbers seem to decline sharply after that, ticks are present all summer. Figure 3 Immature drywood termites General Information: Ticks are sometimes of concern on school properties, especially those species that can transmit serious diseases to humans such as Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Lyme disease, babesiosis, ehrlichiosis, and Powassan encephalitis. Approximately 12 species are considered to be of major public health or veterinary concern.

77 Management practices include: a) personal protective measures (such as wearing appropriate clothing, avoiding habitats associated with ticks, and judicious 'use of insect repellents], b) landscape modifications, and c) if necessary, limited use of pesticides as a targeted barrier treatment. Ticks are blood-feeding arthropods related to spiders and mites. The adult tick has eight legs compared to insects which have six legs. Ticks can feed on a variety of animals including birds, amphibians, reptiles, and mammals (including people).the primary habitats for ticks are woodedareas and the open or grassy areas at the edges of wooded areas. On school properties, ticks are most often found on playgrounds, athletic fields, cross-country trails, paths, and school yards located in and adjacent to wooded areas, especially where deer and other wildlife hosts are abundant. As ticks go through their life stages (egg, larva, nymph, and adult), they usually change hosts. Young ticks will attach to small animals and be dispersed by them. Nymphs and adults will climb onto grasses, herbaceous plants, and shrubs which enables them to latch onto larger hosts. Adult ticks can perch on plants for months waiting for a host to come by. On humans, ticks migrate around the hairline, the area behind the ears, or in the armpits. It takes five to six hours for a tick to become firmly attached and up to ten days for it to become fully engorged with blood. The female needs a blood meal in order to lay her eggs. Ticks have been known to survive for one year without a blood meal. Managing School Properties to Reduce Tick Problems Landscape management practices designed to make the landscape more inhospitable to primary tick hosts may reduce a tick population. However, these practices alone will not eliminate all ticks and the risk of associated diseases. Therefore, other tick control practices must be integrated with the overall program to reduce the risk of disease. It is impractical and expensive to institute tick control measures and landscape management practices in all areas of the school grounds. Efforts should be focused on frequently used areas (playground, ball fields, area immediately surrounding the school building, etc.). Cut back vegetation and remove vegetative debris to reduce shade and moisture. Keep grass, weeds, and brush mowed short. Remove leaf litter and plant debris around buildings, edges of lawns, playgrounds, and ball fields. Compost or bag and remove leaf litter. Avoid use of ground cover vegetation in frequently used areas. Reduce cover for mice. Prune trees and shrubs. Clean up storage areas. Use hardscapes (pavement, stones, etc), mulches, and water-conserving landscape techniques. Maintain a three-foot wide or broader walkway of wood mulch or crushed stone to serve as a barrier between woods and lawns. Keep out stray dogs. Reduce deer habitat and install fencing as necessary. Move swing sets and playground area out and away from the woodland edge.

78 Removing Ticks Use fine-tipped tweezers to remove attached ticks. Grasp the tick as close to the skin surface as possible and pull upward with steady, even pressure. Do not twist or jerk the tick; this may cause the mouthparts to break off and remain in the skin. If this happens, remove mouthparts with tweezers or consult the school nurse. Do not squeeze, crush, or puncture the body of the tick because its fluids may contain infectious organisms. Do not handle the tick with bare hands because infectious agents may enter through mucous membranes or breaks in the skin. Apply rubbing alcohol to the bite and wash hands with soap and water The tick may be saved for future identification should disease symptoms develop within 2-3 weeks. Place the tick in a small vial containing rubbing alcohol. Write the date of the bite on a piece of paper with a pencil and place it in the vial. Note: Folklore remedies such as petroleum jelly or hot matches do little to encourage a tick to detach from skin. In fact, they may make matters worse by irritating the tick and stimulating it to release additional saliva, increasing the chances of transmitting a tick-borne disease. These methods of tick removal should be avoided. Also, a number of tick removal devices have been marketed, but none are better than a plain set of fine tipped tweezers. Chemical Control Restrict application of pesticides to high-risk tick habitat such as edges of lawn and woodlands. Spraying open fields and lawns is not necessary. The product must be labeled for area-wide tick control. Pesticides may only be applied on school grounds by a licensed commercial applicator.

79 House Flies, Musca domestica Identification: Adult house flies are 6-7 mm (about 5/16 inch) long. Their thorax is gray, with four longitudinal dark lines on the back. The underside of their abdomen is yellowish and fine hairs cover their whole body (thorax and abdomen). House fly larvae (maggots) are up to 12 mm (~ inch) long, creamy white and legless, with a worm-like, tapering body. House flies have complete metamorphosis. The pupae are reddish brown, about 8 mm (about 3/8 inch) long and similar to puffed rice in shape and size. Larvae and pupae are found close to their larval breeding sites. General Information: The house fly is one of the most common flies infesting garbage and is commonly found around livestock operations, where it breeds in manure and wet feed. Adult house flies lay their eggs in decomposing vegetable matter or manure. The complete lifecycle, from egg to adult can require from 7 to 21 days, depending on temperature and quality ofthe food resource. Larvae require high-moisture conditions to grow; upon reaching full size they leave the breeding site to burrow into the ground or seek drier conditions where they can pupate successfully. The pupal stage typically takes 5 days to a month, depending on temperature. Houseflies are both a potential health and nuisance problem in schools. They pose a health problem because of their ability to carry pathogens from their breeding and feeding sites (manure and garbage) to food preparation surfaces and other sites that humans contact by touch. Houseflies are especially a problem in kitchens for this reason. School kitchens and cafeterias with house fly infestations are liable to be closed by health inspectors. Houseflies are also considered a nuisance, especially when homes are situated close to livestock operations such as chicken facilities, horse barns, and livestock barns. When house fly problems occur in buildings or kitchen areas, the most common explanation is improper maintenance and cleaning of nearby garbage receptacles. Control of houseflies, as with all flies, depends on locating and eliminating the fly breeding site. Insecticide fogs that kill flying insects provide only temporary relief of flies and do nothing to solve a fly problem, although continuously running light traps can help provide supplemental control of low-level fly problems in kitchens and other sensitive sites. Other Information: House fly control in livestock barns can pose special legal issues regarding posting and exposure of students and staff. In particular, use of automatic mister systems can expose students and staff who are in the misting area when the systems turn on. Proper calibration and programming of equipment can eliminate this risk; nevertheless, we recommend that the district advise parents of students using the barn about the types of pesticides (e.g., baits, mister systems) in use prior to the school year, or prior to beginning of pesticide use. Notification of when and where pesticides are being applied should be posted in the Ag Education classrooms and at points of entry into the barn facilities using the approved pest control sign for the District. Locations/Situations Suggested Thresholds Nonchemical Control Options Livestock barn areas used by Ag Education program Fly speck counts> 100 specks per week on index cards placed in Ag barn at approx 4-6 foot height. Cards should be checked and replaced weekly. (Note: Eachsite will have different nuisance tolerances for flies, based on worker tolerance and proximity to Manure from Ag barn should be removed at least weekly and disposed of at a site away from school district property, preferably on agricultural land where it does not pose a nuisance or result in groundwater pollution. Alternatively, manure may be composted in an efficient composting operation Preferred Chemical Treatment(s) Baits placed in an inaccessible location. Fly bait, such as QuikBayt (or Golden Malrin -both Green category if kept inaccessible) can be painted on inaccessible surfaces or placed (granular form) in hanging jugs out of Other Chemical Treatment Options Fly misting systems will be used only when fly populations exceed the agreed-upon threshold. Mister systems must be programmed to activate only when students and staff are not present (to meet state legal requirements). All directions and safety requirements on pesticide containers must be followed at all times. The preferred active ingredient in mister systems is

80 -, neighborhoods or that generates minimal reach of children botanical pyrethrins, a "Green other areas where fly fly'problems. High and livestock. category" insecticide. If production is temperatures (>120 permethrin or another active undesirable. degrees F) generated by ingredient (that is not plant- Workers, in efficient composting will derived) is used, the cooperation with IPM kill all fly life stages. appropriate waiting period Coordinator, will must be observed for "Yellow" adjust this suggested or "Red" category pesticides threshold used to (see state rules for more justify turning on information). aerosol insecticide treatment. This threshold should be reviewed for appropriateness at least once a school year.) Kitchens More than three flies Replaceor clean outside Non-chemical Aerosol pyrethrin products per day, or based on dumpsters, or identify measures should should be used only in single complaint. and remove other fly be sufficient. No circumstances where quick breeding sites outdoors. pesticides for fly knockdown of flies is required. Doors to the outside control are This is only a temporary should remain closed generally needed measure and should only be between use throughout in kitchens. done in combination with other the day and evening. non-chemical, sanitary Garbage dumpsters measures. Non-chemical should be located at least measures shouid be sufficient. SOfeet away from all No pesticides for fly control are kitchen doorways or generally needed in kitchens. windows. If, despite these measures, flies remain a problem on a recurring basis in any kitchen, fly traps and/or air curtains will be installed. Electronic fly traps will be of nonelectrocuting design to avoid contaminating kitchen surfaces; they should be placed at 4-6 foot height and should not be visible from the outside at any time to avoid drawing flies indoors. Light bulbs used in such traps may appear to be functioning correctly yet be producing inadequate UV light emission for optimal fly control. Bulbs should be replaced in all fly light traps annually. Garbage dumpsters Easilyvisible flies are Replaceor clean None. Chemicals Paint-on bait applied to inside common and pose a dumpster. Ensure that are usually not of dumpster to provide interim visual nuisance lids are tight-fitting to needed,and control of flies only, while around dumpsters, or minimize garbage odors. should not be dumpsters await cleaning or single complaint. relied upon for replacement. Chemical controlling house controls should not be relied flies around upon for controlling house flies

81 dumpsters. around dumpsters. Outdoor trash Easilyvisible flies are Replaceor clean trash None. Chemicals None. Chemicals are usually receptacles common and pose a receptacle. Install tight- are usually not not needed, and should not be visual nuisance fitting, spring-loaded lid needed,and relied upon for controlling around trash that closes after use to should not be house flies around trash receptacles, or single minimize odors and relied upon for receptacles. complaint. discourage fly entry. controlling house Empty trash daily. flies around trash receptacles. House fly life cycle

82 5. Can lice transmit diseases? Head lice and pubic lice do not carry disease, but can be a problem, causing children and their families discomfort and pcssible skin irritation. The body louse, gensrclly limited to those who fail to practice proper hygiene, can transmit major diseases, but this is rare in the United States and Texas Can a louse hop OJ;' jump? No, a louse cannot hop or jump. Lice are wingless insects.whose legs have claws that are adapted for clinging, giv-.ing the insect a strong grip on hair shafts. c 7. How long do lice live? Human lice are completely dependent upon human blood for sustenance. Lice feed frequently, usually every 3-6 hours, and do not usually survive over 48 hours away from the humcn body: most frequently asked questioris about llce 6. What isa "nit"? A nit is a louse egg. Frequently, nits are the first observable sign of a head lice infestation. 9. How many nits (eggs) does a.female-louse lay? Each female head louse may lay from 50 to 150nits [eggs] in its lifetime, whereas the female body or crab louse may produce 200 or more.

83 25. Shoulda child be excluded from school if he or she has nits? Nitsfound on hoir witbiiiit-t" of the scalp in ape~on who has not been treated should be considered evidence of an activeinfestation which requires treatment. Childrenfound to have nits within 114n of the scalp should be treated for theirinfestation and may return to school immediately after the first treatment. They should still receive a second treatment 7-10 days later if recommended by the shampoo label instructions. Nits found on hair which are over 114" awayfrom the scalp have either hatched or are dead. They play no role in the transmission of head lice to others. Therefore, children with nits over 1/4" awayfrom the scalp should not be excluded from school. (.1 I C!. Never Share Combs Or Articles Of Clothing With Others This Is The First Line Of Defense "Texas Department of lfealth: Your lfealth Is Our Department" Stock No /94 j

84 o ( 21. Willhair dressings keep nits from sticking to the hair? No. Hair oils, pomades, or other nonsnedicnted grooming aigs do not prevent egg attachment. 22. Dovinegar rinses help control lice? 0 No. Vinegar will not dissolve the cement-like substance used to attach the egg to the hair shaft. ( 17~Will soap and water kill lice in bedding ~nd clothing? Yes, if the water is hot enough (120 F). All clothing and bedding used during the 2 day period prior to treatment should be laundered. Such high temperatures are suitable for laimdering purposes but not for shampooing the head or for bathing. Dry heat, steam, or pressing with a hot iron will destroy lice since they can live only a few minutes at 120 F. Most home water heaters supply water at sufficient temperatures to kill lice and their nits. Washing in cold or lukewarm water will not kill lice, so sufficient time between loads of laundry should be allowed for the water to reheat. For those items of clothing which cannot be weished, dry cleaning will also kill lice and their nits. An alternative method is to seal clothing in a plastic bag fo_r2 weeks. This will kill all lice and their nits How are combs and brushes treated? Combs, brushes and similar items can be treated by soaking them for 1 hour in one of the special medlcated shampoos or by soaking them for 5-10 minutes in a pan of water heated on the stove to 120 F. 19. Should a home or school be sprayed, dusted, or other- wise treated with insecticides when an Inhabitant has lice? No. Lice do not hide in wall crevices and floor cracks like cockroaches or other household pests. Treatment of homes, schools, or other dwellings with insecticides would, therefore, be wasted and possibly harmful. Cleaning of carpets, upholstered furniture etc. should be limited to simple vacuuming. 20. Do.commercial hair dryers attain temperatures high enough to kill head lice? No. If temperatures hot enough to kill lice were produced. extreme discomfort or burns would result from the use of these dryersl 23. Should the hak be cut in severe infestations of head lice? No. Persons with long hair should shampoo thoroughly with additiorial shampoo as needed. Studies have indicated thqtlong hair is not niore likely to.be infested than short hair. 24. What can myfamily do to avoid becoming infested with head lice? 0 Family members should be inspected arid undergo treatment if necessary, and be taught not to share other people's combs, brushes, scarves. etc. At the school or day care center, children's clothing and other personal items, as well as cots, cot covers, and pillows, should be kept separate from -those of other students [e.g., on pegs, in separate storage areas, or on the backs of chcirs.) A school screening program can help keep head lice from becoming an epidemic. 'r- I 01