Crown Responses to Fertilization in Juvenile Western Redcedar and Western Hemlock. R.W. Negrave Research Silviculturist BC Forest Service
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1 Crown Responses to Fertilization in Juvenile Western Redcedar and Western Hemlock R.W. Negrave Research Silviculturist BC Forest Service
2 Crown Response to Fertilization: Focus on Cw and Hw Part I: What we know about crown response to fertilization Part II: Response of juvenile Cw and Hw stands to fertilization during establishment: Stand level foliage mass Tree level crown structure of Cw
3 Part I: What we know
4 Crowns and Resources: Context Forest growth a function of: Resource supply (soil and solar resources) Resource capture (roots, crowns) Resource use efficiency (foliage)
5 Crown Response to Fertilization Crown response a function of: Foliage amount Foliar efficiency Foliage deployment
6 Foliage Response to Fertilization Fertilization may change foliage: Amount Proportion Efficiency Deployment Response varies with: species, structure, site, time
7 Part II: Crown Response in Juvenile Cw and Hw
8 Study Outline Salal Cedar Hemlock Integrated Research Program (SCHIRP) on northern Vancouver Island Factorial experiment: Species ( (Cw, Hw) Fertilization ( (F0, F1) Density ( (500, 1500 and 2500 sph) Experiment was paired on two sites
9 Study Questions Would fertilization and high establishment density improve stand growth? What are site differences between Cedar Hemlock ( (CH)) and Hemlock Amabilis Fir (HA)) stands? How do treatments affect structure and its relation to growth?
10 Study Design: Main Trial Completely randomized block design with four replications Permanent sample plots with 64 trees in each treatment level replicate Continued re-measurement since establishment in 1988: 15-year measurements in 2002 (10 yrs since last fertilization)
11 Sampling: Tree-Level Study Individual trees sampled from density levels across three nutrient regimes: CH-F0 < CH-F1 < HA-F1 Sampling focussed on Cw: 84 Cw and 41Hw Covariate analysis to detect effects other than size (allocation/allometry)
12 Design: Tree-Level Study Mass prediction equations developed: lnyij = ln β0i + ln β1ixj + ln εij Equations used to calculate stand level total and component masses (r 2 values ranged from 0.81 to 0.98) Analysis of variance to examine tree-level effects in Cw
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18 Stand Foliage Mass Response: CH Sites Species x fertilization x density interaction Fertilization increased stand foliage mass but varied with species and density Hw responded more than Cw
19 6 Foliage Mass on CH g 5 Cw-F0 fg Hw-F0 S tand Foliage M ass (t/h a) de bc cd b efg ef c Cw-F1 Hw-F1 de ef a Stand Density (Stems/ha)
20 Stand Foliage Mass Response: HA Sites Fertilization increased foliage mass about 153% Mass of Hw foliage was about 2X that of Cw
21 Foliage Mass and Growth Average annual increment ( ) was closely associated with stand foliage mass: b 1 r 2 CH-Cw: Cw: CH-Hw: Hw: HA-Cw: HA-Hw: Hw:
22 Foliage - Growth Relationships Biom ass Incrrm ent (t/ha/yr) Cw on CH r r = No Fert. Fertilized Biom ass Increm ent (t/ha/yr) Cw on HA r 2 = No Fert Fertilized Foliage Mass (t/ha) Foliage Mass (t/ha) 7 16 Biom ass Increm ent (t/ha/yr) Hw on CH r 2 = No Fert. Fertilized Biom ass Increm ent (t/ha/yr) Hw on HA r 2 = Non Fert Fert Foliage Mass (t/ha) Foliage Mass (t/ha)
23 Individual Cw Foliage Mass Foliage mass increased with nutrient regime: Foliage Mass (kg) CH-F0: 2.15a CH-F1: 3.73b HA-F1: 5.96c
24 Individual Cw Foliage Mass Foliage mass decreased with increasing Density: Foliage Mass (kg) 500 sph: 5.30c 1500 sph: 3.83b 2500 sph: 2.71a
25 Foliage Height Profile Foliage mass increased with nutrient regime in the mid-crown section
26 Foliage Mass: Height x Nutrients g CH-F0 CH-F1 HA-F1 Foliage Mass (kg) bcde cdef ef ef 1.0 abcde abcd 0.5 abc abc 0.0 Lower Mid Top Tree Height Section
27 Branch Length Branch increased with nutrient regime
28 Branch Length: Height x Nutrient 250 g Branch Length (cm) d f c d ad e a CH-F0 CH-F1 HA-F1 ab bc 50 0 Lower Mid Top Tree Height Section
29 Branch Diameter Branch diameter: Was reduced by density in the upper crown at the highest nutrient regime Increased with nutrient regime but less so at the top of the crown
30 Br. Diameter: Density x Nutrient sph 1500 sph cd d d sph bc c Branch Diameter (cm) ab a a ab CH-F0 CH-F1 HA-F1 Nutrient Regime
31 Br. Diameter: Height x Nutrient d e de CH-F0 CH-F1 Branch Diameter (cm) c b c a HA-F1 ab b Lower Mid Top Tree Height Section
32 Conclusion Fertilization increased stand growth and foliage mass 10 seasons after last application Growth was closely associated with foliage mass Crown structure in Cw influenced by density at higher nutrient regimes
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