FROM WINDOW From Window FROM WINDOW

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Gabriella Dickerson
5 years ago
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3 From Window

4 Contents Thesis Seminar Thesis Studio

Usually, windows are designed after the designing of interior space. In "Towards a New Architecture", Le Corbusier claims that "the plan is the generator"[1].

5 Usually, windows are designed after the designing of interior space. In "Towards a New Architecture", Le Corbusier claims that "the plan is the generator"[1]. This results in the design strategy that from the consideration. And then, sectionally, volume is created following the logic of the plan. plan variation of Villa Savoye,Corbusier & P. Jeanneret 2

6 The window is the last thing to be cut into the facade to bring the view and light into the building and to control the facade composition. study of window proportion of Maison Ozenfant, Le Corbusier and Pierre Jeanneret,

However, Le Corbusier's claim probably is based on the

the layout of plan and the form of the building, just

horizontal line shown in his design sketches.

7 However, Le Corbusier's claim probably is based on the low density environment where is little restriction to the layout of plan and the form of the building, just like the loose environment consisting of sky, earth and horizontal line shown in his design sketches. Villa "Le Sextant", Les Mathes, France, 1935 Radiant City 4 Maison Citröhan

Contrast to the low-density context, in today s high-density city, the interior layout is tensely restricted by the surroundings, and the form and volume of a building is then more influenced by the

8 Contrast to the low-density context, in today s high-density city, the interior layout is tensely restricted by the surroundings, and the form and volume of a building is then more influenced by the exterior context than its interior. In this case, it is more reasonable to design a building from the exterior towards the interior. As a result, windows should no longer play the role of being generated by the space behind it but the generator of the interior space. This thesis is to design a building generated from windows. Urban-reality-high-density-city4,Michael Wolf / Via photomichaelwolf.com 5

9 In Richard Medical Laboratories designed by Louis Kahn, the window is speperated into two parts on the west facade, as described by Kahn, this is to enable a view of the out side while avoiding glare at eyelevel, and providing ample light to the inside without blinding indoor a window-viewing and lighting. 6

10 window on the west facade, Louis Kahn, Richard Medical Laboratories 7

Functioning as the picture frame to pick up view, windows bring the exterior scene to the interior[3]. At the same time, a space behind the window is created.

11 Functioning as the picture frame to pick up view, windows bring the exterior scene to the interior[3]. At the same time, a space behind the window is created. The form of this space is then closely linked to the form of the window, or in other words, the scene created by the window Le Corbusier + Pierre Jeanneret, VIlla Le Lac. Lake Geneva, Switzerland 8

12 the Iberê Camargo Foundation in Porto Alegre, Brazil. Credit Leonardo Finotti zaha hadid issam fares institute peter zumthor leis house 9

For the portrait window in early 20th century, the narrow and tall window frames the vertically-oriented view from ground to sky, as described by Auguste Perret[4].

13 For the portrait window in early 20th century, the narrow and tall window frames the vertically-oriented view from ground to sky, as described by Auguste Perret[4]. Through the tall interior space and the vertical division of the glass fraing, the space near to the window is then fulfilled the similar verticality of the window. potrait window,auguste Perret, Rem koolhaas, 'window', Ribbon vs Pprtrait, page 50 10

14 window details drawing, Rue Franklin Apartments, Auguste Perret 11

Contrast to the picture-frame window which focuses on the single view, the ribbon window is to express the horizontal continuity of exterior views.

15 Contrast to the picture-frame window which focuses on the single view, the ribbon window is to express the horizontal continuity of exterior views. Thus, the space behind it also need to be long and continuous to allow people to move along the window and obtain various viewing points for "a series of scenes functioning as a camera"[5]. Long ribbon window, VIlla Le Lac. Lake Geneva,Le Corbusier + Pierre Jeanneret 12

16 Plan sketch. Villa Le Lac

17 When it comes to the panoramic window, the scene it frames beyonds people s eyes could take in, people then need to move backward to see the panoramic view. Thus, the space behind a panoramic window is much deeper than that of picture-frame or ribbon windows to supply enough distance between the occupant s viewpoint and the window. The interior perspective of the Resor House, Mies van der Rohe 14

18 plan of the Resor House, Mies van der Rohe 15

19 Through lighting, windows create different atmosphere in the space behind it. With the variation of the depth cut into the wall, the window decides the quality and amount of the light coming into a building. In SANAA s House in a Plum, with the window framed by extremely thin wall, the light come into the room so sharply that the boundary of the window nearly disappear. The space behind the window then becomes a part of the exterior, obtaining entire transparency. house in a plum grove, wall section, SANAA 16

20 house in a plum, SANAA 17

21 When the window is deeply cut into the wall, such as Le Corbusier s Notre Dame du Haut, the window on the south facade is deeply cut into exposure, the window is then to bring mysterious and dark atmosphere to the space behind it. wall section of The chapel of Notre Dame du Haut in Ronchamp, Le Corbusier 18

22 The chapel of Notre Dame du Haut in Ronchamp, Le Corbusier 19

23 Compared with the scale of body, the scale and the position of the the scale of a building into the scale usable for occupants. Open Window, Collioure Woman Sitting by a Window Sewing by Silvestro Lega, 1872 "Warm Day", Anatoly Levitin, anonymous

24 Jane Eyre Girl at the Window,Carl Vilhelm Holsoe Thomas John Carlson The window seat, William Orpen,

25 In the film Rear Window, the behavior of the occupants and the related arrangement of furniture is framed by the window. People look outside while leaning against the wall framing a window; a bed is put near but not directly toward a window for better ventilation and privacy; a table is just below a high window for better natural lighting; the character sitting in a sofa directly towards the window 22

26 Rear Window anonymous Coudurier, Fructus & Descher, 23

27 Cabanon plan Le Corbusier Similarly, in Le Corbusier s Cabanon, in order to enhance the scene framed by the window towards the sea, the table against the wall is slightly distorted. Through this distortion, the looser space in the center is then generated from the denser space on the boundary. 24

28 window and distorted table Le Corbusier 25

29 Beyond basic functions of lighting and viewing, windows could purely function as the generator of space. In Lingering Garden, it is usual that a window is towards a wall, a corridor ends at a window, a window is behind a window Through the control of the separation and continuity of views, the space is then generated by the window. 26

30 27

31 window behind the window, Lingering Garden 28

32 29

33 In Lion Grove Garden, the high windows on the exterior wall function as the continuity of the enclosing property of the space behind. Even though the window already loses its function of view and lighting, it still works as the generator of the space. Like relief, slightly cut into the wall, it creates the shallow space towards interior. relief window, Master of the Nets Garden 30

34 references: [1]"Towards a New Architecture", "Plan", Le Corbusier [2] composition, non-composition-architecture and theory in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, Jacques Lucan, 493, 9-10 [3]"Privacy and Publicity: modern architecture as mass media", Beatriz Colomina, "window", 283, 7-8 [4]"Travel, Space, Architecture", Jilly Traganou and Miodrag Mitrainovi, 58, 23 [5]"window", "Ribbon vs Pprtrait", Rem koolhaas, 50 31

35 Thesis Studio If the interior space of a building is a movie, continuous and motive spacial experience, the window is then a specific scene, segmented and static moment, or, spatially, a place. This thesis project is to generate space through window. 32

36 33 window moments

37 As a twelve-story collective housing project in urban context, the interior design is based on the design of exterior window grid. 34

38 35 context perspective

39 36

40 37 context model

41 The height of the floor near to the window varies to meet the different height of the window. Thus, through window, the scale variation on the facade is translated to the scale variation of the interior space.(left: unit axon) 38

42 39

43 The arrangement of plan is based on the position of window. 40

44 floor plan sketch 41

45 42

46 floor plan variation sketches 43

47 With the varying distance between the wall and the window, linear space is created along the window, functioning as bedroom and study, the most individual place of a collective housing. 44

48 floor plan variation sketches 45

49 Functionally, the depth of the bed room and study is much less than the normal scale, having better ventilation and lighting situation. 46

50 The stages created by the different window height divides the linear space into entrance, study and bedroom, also creating the space for built-in furniture and storage. unit axon 47

51 48

52 49 unit axon

53 50

54 51 unit axon

55 52

56 53 unit axon

57 54

58 55 unit axon

59 56

60 57 unit axon

61 As a result, in section, the scale variation and the arrangement of furniture are defined by the positions of window on the interior elevation. 58

62 59

63 The normal furniture and interior scenes becomes unusual because of the unfamiliar scale created by the window. At the same time, the windows bring the illusion of being at exterior to the interior space. The experience of sitting in the living room, which is enclosed by the linear wall around, is more like the experience of sitting at the corner of a street, beneath the window of exterior wall. 60

64 61

65 62

66 63 unfolding model

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68 65 unit model

69 66

70 67 unit model

71 68

72 69 interior & details

73 70

74 71 interior & details

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76 interior & details 73

Video: Form and Space in Architecture

Arts Teaching Kit for Senior Secondary Curriculum Visual Arts Video: Form and Space in Architecture [Student notes] Organizer Sponsor Research Team Architectural Services Department Contents Preamble Learning