Context The Neo- Gothic style became popular around the same :me as Roman:cism Because the Industrial Revolu:on was ﬂooding the market with cheaply

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Context The Neo- Gothic style became popular around the same :me as Roman:cism Because the Industrial Revolu:on was ﬂooding the market with cheaply made and ill designed commodi:es, and machine work

3 Context The Neo- Gothic style became popular around the same :me as Roman:cism Because the Industrial Revolu:on was ﬂooding the market with cheaply made and ill designed commodi:es, and machine work was replacing handi- crad, many saw a necessity in restoring the old ar:sanship of eras such as the middle age when grand building were built by hand labor The art cri:c Pugin saw moral purity and spiritual authen:city in the religious architecture of the middle ages, and honored them for the honesty and quality they embodied Visual Analysis / Func3on The House of Parliament was rebuilt in the Gothic spirit ader in burnt down in 1834 The design and layout of the building were thus carefully designed to serve the needs and workings of Parliament. In par:cular, Barry placed the loca:on of the Sovereign's throne, the Lords Chamber and the Commons Chamber in a straight line, thus linking the three elements of Parliament in con:nuous form. As result the building does not rise ver:cally like the Gothic churches, nor does it have ﬂying burresses, but has a axial plan that is horizontal and regular, which is set oﬀ by the Neo- - - Gothic tower: Big Ben (clock), and the victoria tower The Gothic inﬂuence is especially strong in the ornamenta:on of the exterior, which includes large expanses of glass oﬀset by strong ver:cal lines 3

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5 John Nash was well known in England for his Neoclassical architecture. However, when the prince regent (later King George IV), asked him to build a pleasure palace in the seaside town of Brighton, Nash could not use architecture based on ra:onality and reason. For a palace that would serve as a royal getaway, Nash turned to the Roman:cist interest in the exo:c At this :me Britain was expanding as an Imperial Empire, which exposed ci:zens and ar:sts alike to the exo:c cultures and ar:s:c styles of India As a result of the Roman:cist focus on the exo:c, and the cultural influences of Imperialism, Nash created an fantas:cal exterior that is a conglomera:on of Islamic domes, minarets and screens This style is referred to as Indian Gothic because of it s Indian architectural elements and it s use of glass, strong ver3cal elements and detailed paderned ornamenta3on 5

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Context / Func3on The Crystal Palace is a testament to industry and innova:on during the Industrial Revolu:on, Steel became available ader 1860 as a building material that would enable architects to

7 Context / Func3on The Crystal Palace is a testament to industry and innova:on during the Industrial Revolu:on, Steel became available ader 1860 as a building material that would enable architects to create new designs involving vast enclosed spaces Adverse to the appearance to new technologies many architects hid the steel skeletons of their structures with concrete an more tradi:onal- looking architectural elements. Others however, embraced it and made the steel a intricate part of the buildings aesthe:c This is called undraped construc3on The Crystal Palace, an expansive exhibi:on hall, was designed to hold the Great Exhibi:on of 1851, which showcased the works of industry Made of pre- - - fabricated iron and glass parts, workers were able to put up the building in less than 6 months and take it down shortly ader the exhibi:on Visual Analysis While the materials were not tradi:onal, the plan was tradi:onal. Thus Paxton brought a new aesthe:c to a familiar form The plan is a central, flat- roof nave with a barrel vault transept providing ample interior place to display machinery, working fountains and giant tress A beacon of innova:on, the glass building glirered in the park like crystal 7

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Portraiture was an important economic opportunity for photographers Nadar was a novelist, journalist, and caricature ar:st who also enjoyed balloon transporta:on He first began using photography as

10 Portraiture was an important economic opportunity for photographers Nadar was a novelist, journalist, and caricature ar:st who also enjoyed balloon transporta:on He first began using photography as sources for his caricatures but quickly discovered a talent and opened a portraiture studio He became renowned for puing his subjects at ease and capturing their essence As a result he had a client list that included Delacroix, Daumier, Courbet and Manet, all who sought to be captured for eternity as their greatest selves Here we see Delacroix at the height of his career, he is a serious, confident and commanding figure In 1862 the French court decided that photographs were indeed works of art, and to commemorate the moment Daumier made the above cartoon of Nadar, showing Nadar and his photography as elevated Note that Nadar was a balloon travel enthusiast and the first to photograph Paris from an aerial view 10

Context / Func3on The Realist photographer moved to California from England in the 1850s In 1872 the Governor of California sought his assistance of seeling a bet about whether all four feet of a

11 Context / Func3on The Realist photographer moved to California from England in the 1850s In 1872 the Governor of California sought his assistance of seeling a bet about whether all four feet of a horse led the ground at once when galloping. Muybridge proved they work by taking a series of mo:on photographs of the horse, which captured details to quick for the human eye to freeze This series quickly turned into a study of mo:on which was published as a book Animal Locomo+on in 1887 thus he became renown in the world of art and science interested in stopping 3me and then pupng the pieces back together To show his studies Muybridge invented the zoopraxiscope, which allowed him to project images on the wall in rapid succession thus giving the illusion of mo:on this machine gave birth to cinema Muybridge s study of mo:on would have a profound effect of modern ar:sts such as the Futurists and Duchamp Play video imbedded in image 11

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Summer, 2013 OKAYAMA SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL ETON COLLEGE VISIT

Summer, 2013 OKAYAMA SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL ETON COLLEGE VISIT WHICH CITIES ARE YOU GOING TO? WINDSOR OXFORD LONDON O PLACES IN WINDSOR Eton College* Windsor Castle* Windsor Town PLACES IN OXFORD The University