(LANDEP) [18,24 ]. CHIN ESE JOURNAL OF APPL IED ECOLO GY,J un. 1999,10 (3) ,,,

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1 CHIN ESE JOURNAL OF APPL IED ECOLO GY,J un. 1999,10 (3) : 3 (, ),.,, 3 :19 20 ; Landscape planning : concept, origin and development. Zhang Huiyuan ( Depart ment of Geography, Peking U niver2 sity, Beijing ). 2Chin. J. A ppl. Ecol.,1999,10 (3) : The various understandings of the concept of landscape referred in the fields of geography and landscape ecology are an2 alyzed and summarized in this paper. The differences between landscape and land, environment and scenery are also distinguished. Based on the studies above, thispaper discussed the implication of landscape planning and the concept of landscape which it is based on. Moreover, this paper suggests that the emerging and developing of landscape planning should be divided into three periods, which are the periods of originating in the mid2late 1800s to early 1900s, shaping in 1950s260s and developing accompanying with landscape ecology since 1970s, respectively. Key words Landscape, Landscape planning, Landscape ecology [21 ].,,,,, (LANDEP) [18,24 ].,.,,,., [3,6 ],,,.,,,,,, ( ),,.???. 2 1) : [7,29 ]. 16,, [29 ] ,,, 3 ( ) , [10,21 ].,,.., 2) :19,

2 (A. Von., Humboldt) [7,9 ],.,, [9,11 ]., ( ),,, [12 ].,,, [11 ]. 3) : 30 C. Troll, Troll,, [8,10 ], B. N. (1941,1949), ( ) [10 ]. R. T. T. Forman M. Godron (1986) ( ),, [16 ]., Forman (1995), [17 ].,, ( ) ( )., (Local) ( ) [8,10,16 ].,,.,,. 1),, ;,,.,,,,,. 1) :, (Landscape) (Land). [29 ],,, ;, [5 ], [14 ],.,,,. 2) :, [1 ],, [13 ],. [4 ],,,,,. 3 [26 ].,, [29 ]., 1). ( ).

3 3 : : 375 [18 ].,,,, [21 ].,, [22 ].. 20, 60.,,, [14 ].,,, [20 ].,. [15 ]., [9 ],.,. Ian McHarg (1969)., GIS,,, ; ;,,,,, 4, : 4. 1,, 18,,, [2 ].,. Robert Owen Le Corbusier Paolo Soleri [27 ]. Ebenezer Howard (1890)., [15 ]. Ebenezer Howard,, Frederick Law Olmsted, 1858,, 1865 Yosemite. Olmsted,. Olmst2

4 ed Horace Cleveland Charles Eliot, 1901, 1907,,,,, [21 ],,, ( ) [21,27 ].,, Sir Patrick Geddes ( ),,, [15,28 ]. Benton Mackaye,, [15 ] , 70, ; , John Orms2 bee Simonds : (Landscape Architecture : the Shaping of Man s Natural Environment),Simonds,, [27 ],., ( IUCN) 60 [20,26 ]. Hack2 ett Benthem Crowe IUCN 1969 : (Landscape Planning : a Policy for an Overcrowded World), 19, George Perkins Marsh John Wesley Powell Patrick Geddes Olmsted., [28 ]. Benton Mackaye (1940), [28 ].,Mumford Leopold Odum. McHarg (1969) [23 ].,. Hackett (1971) :,., [30 ]., ( )

5 3 : : ,.,,, IUCN 50 60, 1971 Hackett : (Landscape Planning : an Introduction to Theory and Practice). 1973, ( Land Use and Landscape Planning),, (site).,,, [26 ]. 12, 1986, (Urban Ecology) (Landscape and Urban Planning), 70,.,,,. Haber (1972,1979) Odum (1969) ( Com2 partment Model ) (DL U) [18,24 ]. 1986,,, 5 : ; ; ; ;., [24 ].,Ruzicka Miklos (1988,1990),, (LAN2 DEP), [25 ].,,. ; ; [24 ]. 80,,, [19,23,32 ].,, 80,,, [31 ].,,, [30 ].,,.,, : , : :. :. : :.

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