Table 1 Suspension Bridges that had the longest center spans at the time of their completion Suspension.Br Country Yr.of tr.span Completion ( )

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1 2nd International SuspensionBridge Operators' ConferencewasheldonApril17and18, at WestPoint,NewYork,hostedby New York State Bridge Authority. About 150 engineers from U.S.A.,U.K.,France,Portugal, and Japan,who wereinchargeofsuspensionbridgeoperation, attendedconferenceanddiscussedabout technicalissues.dr. Kashima,executivediector ofhsba,gaveapresentationabout corrosion protectionsystem forcablesof AkashiKaikyoBridge. Suspensionbridge's operatorsof longest center span record at time of ir completion, gavepresentationsaboutirbridges. (Table1) Table 1 Suspension Bridges that had longest center spans at time of ir completion Suspension.Br Country Yr.of tr.span Completion () BrooklynBr U.S.A BearMt. Br U.S.A Ben Franklin Br U.S.A George U.S.A ,067 WashingtonBr Golden Gate Br U.S.A ,280 Verazano U.S.A ,298 NarrowsBr HumberBr U.K ,410 Akashi Japan ,991 KaikyoBr 21contributedpapersconsistsof Cable (11), ConstructionandRepair (4),HangerRope (2), Dehumidification ofgirder (1), Seismic Retrofit (1), andors (2). Since cables are most important member in suspension bridges, many presentations related to cablesweregiven. As dry-air injectionsystem,developedby

2 HSBA, was first trial in world, many discussionsweredoneamongparticipants. Also new maintenance technologies for Forth Road Bridge, Humber BridgeU.K, Tancarville BridgeFrance, Tagus River BridgePortugal, and Golden Gate BridgeU.S.Awere introduced Thefollowingsareoutlinesofpresentations. Cable: Regardingrehabilitation of Williamsburg Bridge,wiresplicing formaincable,reconfigurationofmostdamagedcablesatiranchorages,replacementof cablebands andhanger ropes,andcablewrappingwerereported. Therewasareportaboutrehabilitationof BrooklynBridge's cables and ormembers to serve innextcentury. Thereplacementofmaincablesof TancarvilleBridgewasreported. In thisbridge, new cableswere installednext to existing ones, and transfer of load to new cablewasdone directly. HangerRope: In report of hanger rope of Forth Road Bridge, it was reported thatmost of internal wire brokennearsocketsweredue to fatigue, aided bycorrosion. Forhangerropes of GeorgeWashington Bridge,itwasreportedtha fiberoptic videoscope wasusedtoinspectandtoevaluateinsideof hangerropesinservice. Dehumidification inside Girder: Thedehumidificaionsysteminsidegirder ofhumberbridgewasreportedasavery effectivemeasure.theinstallationcostsfor equipmentweremodestandrunningcostsare small comparedwith conventional ones. From environment and safety, dehumidification system is more advantageous than conventional painting. Retrofit: The retrofit of TagusRiver Bridge, to carry twotracksofrailroadand twoadditional lanes ofhighwaywascompletedlastyear. Inretrofit,twocableswereadded. Itwas reportedthatalargedeformationdueto additionalliveloadoccurred. Scene of Conference rdinternationalsuspension Bridge Operators' Conference will be held in Japan In conference, it was decided that 3rd International Suspension Bridge Operators Conferencewill be held inmay, 2002 in Japan.

3 (, = ) ThePromenadeoverWhirlpoolonOhnarutoBridge (Suspensionbridge,centerspan length=876m)was opened onapril 22. The facility wasbuiltutilizing spacein truss girder, designed to accommodate train traffic. It enables peopletoseefamouswhirlpooland structureofohnarutobridge. HSBA was entrusted from Tokushima Prefecture todesignandconstructpromenade. The promenade is 450m long and 45m high above sea. Itwasbuilt from Narutoside anchorage toobservatoryroom,built130m awayfrom maintowerofnarutoside.from observatory room, whirlpool can be seen in close distance. TheOhnarutoBridgeislocatedinarea whereclimateconditionissevererthanthatof orhonshu-shikokubridges.themost importantthingindesignistoensure aerodynamic stability of bridge. For this purpose, shape and location of promenade were decidedbywindtunneltestsand numerical analyses. Inordernottohinder road traffic, most of erectionhad to bedone in small spaceintrussgirder.the constructionwas completedatend ofmarch 2000 on schedule withoutanyaccidents. The visitors amounted to 270 thousands at endof June 2000,with average of 3,900per dayandmaximumof13,200perday. Windtunneltestmodelof OhnarutoBridgecarryingapromenade Touristswalkingonpromenade Touristsseeing whirlpoolfrom observatoryroom

4 The Yumeshima-Maishima Bridge is bridge betweenyumeshimaislandandmaishima Island.TheOsakaCityplannedYumeshima Island as site forolympic games in The bridge willplayan importantrole fordevelopment of reclaimed areas and for access to coastalarea. Thenavigation channel ofosakaport consists ofamainrouteand anorthroute.thisbridge crossesoveranorthroute. Thebridgewasdesignedasa swingable floating bridge. Thebridgetypewasselectedasfollows: (1) It is necessery for large vessels to have a north routewhenmainroutecloses. (2) High clearance under bridge cannot be kept forrequirementof landuseofarea. This bridgewith a total lengthof 878mconsistsof a floating bridge410mand approach bridgesonbothsides. Thebufferinggirderwasplacedbetweena floatingbridgeandapproachbridgestoabsorb verticalangularchangeinducedbybridge movementduetotideandwave. Thisarchbridgeis ahuge floatingstructure fixedon2steelpontoons (58m58m8m).This bridge is supported from side by two offshore piers,which consists of steel rigid frame and well type steel sheet piles, surrounded by rubber fender. Incaseofemergency,navigationroutewill be opened by rotating bridge around Maishimasidepierwithseveral tag boatspushing Maishimasidepontoon. At design stage, problems have been solved bywind tunnel test,water tank tests and analyses withadirectionof technicalcommittee.the "MegaFloatMethod"wasalsostudied. The construction started frommarch The main floating bridgewas towed fromdockyard to siteonjuly 9.Aftermovement test, wholeconstructionwillbecompletedinthis autumn. This bridge is hoped to be a symbolic structureofosakaport.

5 Thedataofbridgeisasfollows: Bridgelength410m Spanlength65m+280m+65m Designwindspeed V10=42m/s Designwaveheight H1/3=1.4m Period T1/3=5.77.7s Width 31.2m(6lanes+pedestrianlaneson bothsides) Constructionperiod1995to2000 Steelweight 24,800ton Floatingbridge 18,200ton Pontoon 6,600ton ThisinformationisgivenbyMr.Kawamura, OsakaMunicipalGovernment Location GeneralviewofYumeshima-Maishima Bridge TowingofYumeshima-MaishimaBridge Yumeshima-Maishima Bridge

6 Ø On July 1st, inauguration ceremony of Øresund Linkwasheld.Thislinkconnects Denmark and Sweden by an immersed tunnel, an artificialislandandaseriesofbridges.toan invitation to HSBA from projectowner Øresundsbro Konsortiet,Mr.Kitagawa, Director of long-span bridgeengineeringcenter, attended ceremony. At 3 pm on July 1st, special train carrying HMQueenMargre IIofDenmark left Copenhagen station, and that of HM King Cark XVIGustafofSwedenalso leftmalmostation. Twospecial trains arrivingat artificial island in middleof straitwerecoupledup, and movedtolernackeninsweden,where inaugurationceremonywasheld.theceremony began withanarrivalof RoyalCouples, Prime MinistersandirwivesatLernacken, where 3000invitedguestshadwaited.Follwing some musicalentertainments,speecheswere given by QueenMargre II,King Cark XVI Gustaf and bothprimeministers.the ceremony ended at5:30pm.participantsininauguration ceremonymoved to Denmark by cars, and a ribbon wascutat officialborderbetweentwo countries by acar at head of a parade.from 6pm, a receptionpartywasheld inkastrup Denmark.TheØresundLinkwasopenedto traffic at 11 pm on that day.the link is expected to promote economic and cultural exchanges among northeuropeancountries. PlaceforInaugurationceremony Newspaperreporting openingoføresundlink InPusan,Korea,acoastalcirclehighway networkproject,with a totallength of49km, is inprogress.purposeof highway is to obtain

7 aworld-classport functionandtoovercome City'stopographicalscarcityofflatland.Inthis project, Kwang-AhnGrandBridge,Puk-Hang Bypass, Nam-Hang Grand Bridge, Myung-Ji Grand Bridgeandsomeoroffshorebridgeswere approved.thekwang-ahngrandbridgewill be country's firstdouble-deck bridgewith a total lengthof7.42km.a3-span(200m+500m+200m) suspension bridgewill form center section of Kwang-AhnGrandBridge. Theconstructionofthissuspensionbridge started in The tower is to be completed this summer,and catwalkwillbe erected by endofnovember. InDecember,cableworkwill begin,and bridgewillbe completed in June 2002,beforeWorldCupSoccerin2002. The stiffened-truss type has been chosen by CityofPusan,consideringitseasyandsafe construction,attractiveappearanceand fact that this type had been adopted inmany bridges inrecentyears. Also,becauseof CityofPusan'spolicy to introducetechnologiesfromoverseas,some experienced Japanese companies are participating in thisproject by providing technical supervise in cablework,whichispivotallyimportant technologyinsuspensionbridgeconstruction. Thebridgedata Bridge type 3-span, 2-hinged suspension bridge Designspeed80km/h Numberoflane8-lanes Girdertypesteeltrussgirder Girderheight9.85m Cable 609mm(37st312wires) HeightofTower120m (ThisinformationisgivenbyNipponSteel Corporation) ComputerGraphicofKwang-AhnGrandBridge General viewofkwang-ahngrandbridge

8 Asia andaustralasiabridgeforum will be heldinkobe-cityonseptember8. TheForumemphasizes Bridgeproject whichwillbeanimportantinfrastructureto support economic growth inasia andaustralasia region. In forum,reportsfromparticipating countriesanddiscussionsregardingpresent conditionsandissuesofbridgeprojectsin regionisplanned. Date September82000 ( ) VenueMaikoVilla (Kobe) Theme Presentconditionsandissuesof bridge projects in Asia and Austral- asiaregion Host HSBA ParticipatingCountries Hong-Kong,Korea,Malaysia, Philippines,Vietnam,Japan ContactHSBA BridgeForumSecretary Tel Fax