URBAN FORESTRY FOR CULTURAL HERITAGE CONSERVATION: INVENTORY OF TREE SYSTEMS FOR MANAGEMENT OF HISTORIC PARKS

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1 Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest systems URBAN FORESTRY FOR CULTURAL HERITAGE CONSERVATION: INVENTORY OF TREE SYSTEMS FOR MANAGEMENT OF HISTORIC PARKS Antonio Tomao, Lorenza Gasparella, Valerio Quatrini, Walter Mattioli, Diego Giuliarelli, Mariagrazia Agrimi

2 The cultural heritage between nature and culture: the historic gardens and parks protected cultural heritage : 16 sites a brand for the Southern Etruria landscape (Tuscia) Province of Viterbo (Lazio Region)

3 The cultural heritage between nature and culture: REGIONE LAZIO - BENI PAESAGGISTICI TAV. B PTPR the historic gardens and parks NE LAZIO - SISTEMI ED AMBITI DI PAESAGGIO TAV. A PTPR REGIONE LAZIO -Plan SISTEMI ED AMBITI DI-PAESAGGIO TAV. A PTPR Regional Landscape - Villa Lante of Bagnaia Viterbo, Lazio Region Landscape of historic park and garden system Table A Wide areas with aesthetic traditional value, scenic beauty Table B Forest area

4 The cultural heritage between nature and culture: the historic gardens and parks

5 The cultural heritage between nature and culture: the historic gardens and parks

6 INVENTORIES AND CATALOGUES Florence charter (1982) Art. 9: The preservation of historic gardens depends on their identification and listing. They require several kinds of action, namely maintenance, conservation and restoration. State-Regional government Board (2001) Art. 2: Cataloging is the basic cognitive instrument for an effective landscape management ( )

7 INVENTORIES AND CATALOGUES PG FORM Parks and Gardens record cards is a data base adopted by the Central Institute for the Catalogue and Documentation (ICCD), in which each tree is numbered and its botanical attributes are described

8 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES Realizing the inventory of the tree systems Developing a methodology that could improve PG card cataloguing system Realizing the first step of a monitoring system

9 MATERIALS AND METHODS Tree systems The ornamental trees that compose tree architecture of the historic park System with a simplified structure: a set of elements that constitute an eco-cultural functional unit Presence of competition: ecological characteristics, fast growth, size and distance

10 MATERIALS AND METHODS Survey equipment Field-Map Field-Map is a software and hardware technology for computer-aided field data collection and data processing. It combines a flexible real-time GIS software with electronic equipment for topographical and dendrometric measurements GPS Trimble For survey georeferencing with a sub meter accuracy Dendrometric caliper Vertex Ipsometer

11 MATERIALS AND METHODS Botanic and dendrometric attributes Species Stem position (UTM coordinates ) Stem diameter at breast height Tree height Crown insertion height Crown projection Other information Position (isolated plant, row, double row, flowerbed) Soil tipology (gravel, grass, asphalt, ) Structures (buildings, fountains, benches, manholes, street lights, power lines, ecc.) Synthetic indexes based on crown condition (Drenou, 2002) Presence or absence of decays and deseases

12 RESULTS: TREE SYSTEM INVENTORY Composizione specifica 14 4% Cupressus sempervirens Pinus pinea Ilex aquifolium 8 4 Laurus nobilis Platanus orientalis Platanus orien Quercus ilex 6 2 Phillyrea latifolia Laurus nobilis Prunus lauroce Prunus lauroce Pinus pinea Ilex aquifolium Cupressus sempervirens Pinus pinea di a 90 0 m et ro cla ss i di a m et ro 2 75 Aesculus hyppocastanum Quercus ilex Ilex aquifolium 75 Camelia japonica 49% Phillyrea latifol Laurus nobilis 60 Quercus ilex 60 2% Prunus laurocerasus Camelia japoni Platanus orien 45 1% Aesculus Phillyrea latifol hyppocastanum % 30 18% 3% Aesculus hyppocastanum Camelia japoni % 15 1% 5% ss i Trees are generally charachterized by relevant dimensions Mean diameter: 74,6 cm cla 167 trees were surveyed, half of them are holm oaks Cupressus sempervirens

13 RESULTS: TREE SYSTEM INVENTORY Young crown Adult crown Mature crown Senescent crown Dead crown Trees with mature or senescent crowns are about 20% and there is 1% of dead crowns

14 RESULTS: ARTIFACT INVENTORY 134 items were identified and georeferenced in the area Over 70% of the trees is in close connection with other artificial structures

15 RESULTS: TREE DATABASE ID Species Circumference (cm) D (cm) Stem inclination H (cm) H crown insertion (cm) Crown depth (cm) Crown compression Onthogenetic status (Drenou) Position Site characteristics Close structures Collar Stem Crown Aesthetic evaluation Frequentation level Notes 32 Quercus ilex Adult crown Mixed group Grass covered ground Basal sprouts Presence of stem decay, pruning cuts Pruning cuts, presence of deadwood Monumental tree High Presence of a tie-beam

16 DISCUSSION: COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS Costs Benefits for U&PF research & education Availability of specific HDW New fields of interdisciplinary-transdisciplinary research Availability of specific SFW Technical ability Training Initial operational difficulties New subjects to develop in forestry education Most effective public involvement Benefits for professionals Reduction of working times (lower costs) Benefits for Public Administration Higher knowledge about environmental cultural heritage Better landscape control Environmental monitoring Data updating Better use of financial resources

17 DISCUSSION: MANAGEMENT IMPLICATION A GIS database and related with the topographic position of the stems, can be a basis for the development of a standard inventory protocol following the principle of control This method, learning from tree observation, appears more effective also to gain expertise and new elements to enrich the history of a given green architecture and tree systems In an urban forestry context, advances in forest ecology, silviculture and forest inventories give scientifically sound tools to investigate a context where trees and forest stands must be considered an integral part of a cultural heritage

18 FUTURE RESEARCHES Developing a synthetic index to assess risk, based on tree characteristics and spatial relations with buildings and artifacts or other structures Evaluation of ecosystem services provided by tree systems and forest stands in historical parks

19 Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest systems THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION We would thank the Regional Direction of the Italian Ministry of Cultural Heritage, the Superintendence for Architectural Heritage and Landscape of the Province of Rome, Frosinone, Latina, Rieti and Viterbo and Carivit Bank Foundation for the financial support.