Shared Responsibility for Cultural Resource Protection: Preservation Partnerships that Work. Kiana Lodge Clearwater Casino Resort Suquamish, WA

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1 Shared Responsibility for Cultural Resource Protection: Preservation Partnerships that Work Kiana Lodge Clearwater Casino Resort Suquamish, WA

2 When Considering Cultural Resources, Earlier is Better: A Short Course on Partnering with Your Local Planners for Improved Cultural Resource Protection Janet Rogerson Paul Rogerson, AICP Philippe LeTourneau Derek Chisholm, AICP Wendy Ann Wright

3 Cultural Resources and the Local Comprehensive Plan Permeating Local Government with a Cultural Resource Preservation Ethic The local vision, goals, policies / regulations, decisions linkage comprehensive planning under GMA Linking CRP with other community values and goals Don t be a latecomer to the decision making process Paul Rogerson, AICP

4 Comprehensive Planning under the Growth Management Act County-wide planning policies Comprehensive plan Development regulations Project review, budget decisions, partnerships Paul Rogerson, AICP

5 GMA and Consistency Internal plan consistency (beyond the Plan Activities and capital budget decisions (local and state) Development regulation consistency with the plan Project consistency with the plan and regulations Paul Rogerson, AICP

6 Linking CRP with other Community Values and Goals Preserving Cultural Resources is part of; Good community design (Land Use Element) Protecting community character (Land Use Element +) Furthering Economic Development (ED Element) It should be considered when: Building infrastructure (Capital Facilities Element) Planning parks (Parks and Open Space Element) Locating development (Land use, Housing Elements, etc.) So, there should be CR related goals and policies in all these plan areas! Paul Rogerson, AICP

7 Example Goals and Policies Lands Use Element: consider effect on cultural resources when locating.(land uses) When consistent with good cultural resource stewardship, incorporate important landscapes, sites, and other cultural resources into parks and open spaces Implementation; Require CR analysis for projects (zoning) Require CR study for all parks projects (budget policy?) Paul Rogerson, AICP

8 Example Goals and Policies Economic Development Element: Recognize cultural tourism as a key component of the local economy Carefully analyze the appropriate use of cultural sites, landscapes, traditions, as components of the local economy Implementation Require CR planning before public money is spent on ED efforts Develop CR map in Comp Plan Paul Rogerson, AICP

9 Example Goals and Policies Community Character Element: Recognize that cultural resources are a key element of the community s character protect key cultural resources. Adopt development standards that.. Implementation Require CR analysis, mitigation, prevention, etc. as part of project application and approval processes Paul Rogerson, AICP

10 Why? So you can be an effective participant and a successful advocate for CRP It s easier (and more effective) to ask a local decision maker to be consistent with community goals, policies, and implementing regulations that are already in place. Paul Rogerson, AICP

11 Cultural Resource Protection Overview Philippe D. LeTourneau, PhD Archaeologist King County Historic Preservation Program

12 King County HPP Mandated Role Archaeological properties shall be identified, evaluated and protected in a consistent and coordinated manner. King County shall establish consistent review and protection procedures and develop centralized professional archaeological staffing. (Comp Plan 2008) Development permit applications for projects on or adjacent to a historic resource listed in the County s Historic Resource Inventory must be reviewed by the County HPO. (KCC ) Landmarks Commission must review any proposed alterations to landmarks (KCC )

13 King County HPP Other Roles Review DAHP permits Consult on Section 106 projects Assist County agencies screen projects, review consultants work (scopes, reports), advise on regulations, etc. Assist Consultants Assist 17 cities under Interlocal Agreements

14 Completed King County HPP CRPP Comprehensive archaeological and ethnographic data added to HRI Archaeological GIS developed Draft Context Statement In Progress New GIS data Final Context Statement GIS Sensitivity Model Consistent procedures and standards

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16 King County HPP Earlier Is Better

17 CLG Program Optimization Derek Chisholm, AICP Parametrix

18 Limits of Surveying, Registering, SEPA, and Staff SURVEYs: Refined (and costly) methods, Little financial support, Mid-century missing REGISTERs: Property owner reluctance Little financial incentives Demolition by Neglect SEPA: Eligibility missing STAFFING: Busy, torn between programs, too low in hierarchy

19 Possible Solutions to Limits of Surveying, Refined (and costly) methods, Volunteers, Thematic approaches, Systematic documentation Little financial support, HB 1386 (RCW ), Include in Sub-area planning, Require concurrent with UGB movement. Mid-century missing, Add to scopes of work, check firm s qualification, raise awareness, look for most appreciated elements

20 Possible Solutions to Limits of Registering Property owner reluctance, Personal approach, neighborhood watch, compromise on C of A s, tax examples Little financial incentives, Current Use, Amendment of Federal Rehabilitation Tax Credit Demolition by neglect Draft ordinance preventing such Find a poster child, example

21 Possible Solutions to Limits of SEPA Eligibility missing Require inventory and evaluation in sub-area planning Require inventory and evaluation with movement of UGB s Ask applicants about eligibility during hearings

22 Arnada Neighborhood Zone Change 13. Historic and cultural preservation a. Are there any places or objects listed on, or proposed for, national, state, or local preservation registers known to be on or next to the site? If so, generally describe. b. Generally describe any landmarks or evidence of historic, archaeological, scientific, or cultural importance known to be on or next to the site. c. Proposed measures to reduce or control impacts, if any:

23 Possible Solutions to Limits of Staff Utilize volunteers and Empower Commissioners Cultivate new Commissioners Conduct efficient meetings Busy, proficient Chairs Time limits on agenda items and testimony Cultivate Media contacts Set-up flags in permit systems

24 FINANCIAL INCENTIVES AND RESOURCES Federal Rehab Credits Current Use Transfer of Development Rights HB 1386 Grants

25 Federal, Rehabilitation Tax Credits More than $4 billion in private investment leveraged. 61,397 jobs created 1,253 projects approved $ 3,192,338 per project

26 Federal, Rehabilitation Tax Credit Projects in Washington Statewide Totals # of Projects in WA State $ Invested Per Project Average $ 21,212,926 2,356, $ 40,720,157 10,180, $ 13,200,00 6,600, $ 43,646,509 8,729, $ 37,601,577 4,177, $ 13,876,488 2,312, $ 22,798,177 3,256, $ 31,011,068 4,430, $ 26,025,924 5,205, $ 9,868,763 1,409, $ 46,233,449 15,411, Sub Totals 81 $369,238,521

27 Current Use/ Open Space Taxation Available to all properties listed on the Clark County Heritage Register

28 Enabling Legislation Revised Code of Washington (1) "Open space land" means (a) any land area so designated by an official comprehensive land use plan or (b) any land area, the preservation of which in its present use would (i) conserve and enhance natural or scenic resources, or (v) enhance recreation opportunities, or (vi) preserve historic sites, or (vii) preserve visual quality along highway, road, and street corridors or scenic vistas, or (viii) or (c) any land meeting the definition of farm and agricultural conservation land under subsection (8) of this section.

29 Reduces the Assessed Value of the Land New value is roughly $10,500 regardless of current value. Applies to land only Lasts as long as site is on Heritage Register Requires no associated, rehabilitation project

30 An example EXISTING: Building Value $300,000 Land Value $100,000 At millage, Annual Tax Bill of $5,442 AFTER APPROVAL: Building Value $300,000 Land Value $10,500 At millage, Annual Tax Bill of $4,229 For an Annual Savings of $1213.

31 Floyd and Minnie Swan House Annual Savings $651

32 Riverfront McMansions

33 Architect, Day Hilborn

34 2007 Billed: $2, Billed: $10, Billed: $10, A real-life example

35 TRANSFER OF DEVELOPMENT RIGHTS

36 Historic Preservation Grants Passed in 2005, increasing the surcharge on recording fees from $2 to $5. Thanks to an amendment introduced by Senator Craig Pridemore of Vancouver, $1 of the $5 fee into county gen funds to promote historical preservation or historical programs.

37 HB 1386 Historic Preservation Grants HB 1386 amends RCW While several counties across the state have initiated a formal process for distributing these funds, the majority of counties have not. Given that the legislation became effective in July of 2005, deposits to each respective county fund have been ongoing for close to three years.

38 Clark County Grant Recipients Clark County Historical Museum (in old Carnegie Library) North Clark County Historical Museum (in old Amboy, United Brethren Church)

39 City of Camas

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41 Options for Stewardship: Archaeological Site Protection Tools for Local Governments Wendy Ann Wright Portland State University

42 Just a few acknowledgements The U.S. Department of Education offers the Ronald E. McNair Post-Baccalaureate Achievement Program for students with low income, first generation students, and/or underrepresented students in graduate education for doctorate education. Ronald E. McNair 2007 Portland State Cohort

43 My research questions How are archaeological resources considered at the local government level in : Portland, OR? Clark County, WA? Other U.S. local governments? How were these plans and policies developed? How well are they working?

44 State Historic Preservation Legislation Total of 506 state laws pertaining to archaeological resources Oregon has the highest number of state laws n=21

45 Oregon State Law The State of Oregon acknowledges archaeological sites are finite, irreplaceable, and nonrenewable cultural resource(s), and are an intrinsic part of cultural heritage of the people of Oregon ( ). It is illegal to excavate, injure or destroy an archaeological site without a permit ( and )

46 My bicycle tour of development in Portland

47 The tour continues to PSU

48 Local Archaeological Management Policies in the United States At least 46 U.S. local governments have planning mechanisms or policies for archaeological resources. These range in design, and presumably effectiveness. Currently no definitive source available for people looking to develop archaeological resource plans or policies at the local level.

49 Resource Protection Tool Types References to Federal and State Laws Ordinances Preservation Commissions Special Status for Sensitive Areas Predictive Models Planning Staff Oversight Staff Archaeologists

50 States with local government archaeologists

51 Special Resource Protection Programs and Partnerships National Certified Local Government Program Site Ownership Programs Tribal and THPO Partnerships Federal-State-University-Partnerships

52 Washington Local Governments with Archaeology Resource Protection Methods Whatcom County City of Port Angeles Cities of Bainbridge, Bremerton, Poulsbo & Kitsap County King County Cities of Vancouver, Camas & Clark County

53 Clark County, Washington

54 Probability for Archaeological Resources Highest Moderate-High Moderate Low-Moderate Low

55 The Archaeology of Clark County: A collaborative synthesis

56 Oregon Local Governments with Archaeology Resource Protection Methods City of Portland & Multnomah County Hood & Wasco Counties City of Albany

57 Which archaeological resource protection methods should the City of Portland use? Clark County 1. Gather information on local government archaeological resource protection methods Portland 2. Initial assessment of these archaeological resource protection methods

58 Purpose of archaeological resource protection methods: The historical and cultural foundations of the Nation should be preserved as a living part of our community life and development in order to give a sense of orientation to the American people.

59 Living Archaeology

60 Alexandria Archaeological Resource Areas Map

61 I have only lived in Alexandria 58 of my 61 years, and black history has only recently become so important to me; archaeology is the reason why Lillie Finklea Alexandria resident and member of Friends of Freedmen s Cemetery

62 Florida

63 Panel Discussion