BUILDING THE WORLD. An Encyclopedia of the Great Engineering Projects in History. Frank P. Davidson and Kathleen Lusk Brooke.

Transcription

1 BUILDING THE WORLD An Encyclopedia of the Great Engineering Projects in History Greenwood Press

2 What defines macroengineering? Davidson, Macro (1983) New field, Ancient history

3 Seven Signs of Macro 1. Long Time Frame 2. Planning and Profit 3. Many Voices 4. One Vision 5. Environmental Concerns 6. Technical and Scientific Innovations 7. Cooperative Advantage

4 Seven Signs of Macro 1. Long Time Frame Decades, Centuries Funded in stages

5 Seven Signs of Macro 1. Long Time Frame Grand Canal of China Launched 600 B.C.E. and still in construction Beijing Olympics 2008

6 Grand Canal, China Source: Library of Congress

7 Seven Signs of Macro 2. Planning and Profit Time/Budget/Safety/Environment Channel Tunnel: 1959 = $100 Million to 1994 = $15 Billion Eiffel Tower: On time, no fatalities, immense profit Hoover Dam: Two years early, Six Companies, Inc

8 Eiffel Tower, France Source: Corbis

9 Hoover Dam, United States Source: Pharino, 2005

10 Seven Signs of Macro 2. Planning and Profit (continued) Big Picture Planning

11 System Dynamics of Macro Engineering Source: "Contract Design for Profitability in Macro-Engineering Projects," Khalid Saeed and Kathleen Lusk Brooke, System Dynamics Review, Vol. 12, no. 3 (Fall 1996) pp

12 Seven Signs of Macro 3. Many Voices Stakeholders: Engineers, Bankers, Governments, Environmentalists, Residents MASSIVE employment

13 Seven Signs of Macro 3. Many Voices (continued) Charlemagne s Europe Bridges, Battles Peoples, Languages Education: Monasteries, Universities

14 Charlemagne, Europe Source: Library of Congress

15 Seven Signs of Macro 3. Many Voices (continued) New cities: Cyrene (630 B.C.) Baghdad (762 A.D.) St. Petersburg (1703) Washington D.C. (1787) Singapore (1819) Brasília (1956) Abuja (1976)

16 Singapore 1903 and Singapore 2002 Source: Library of Congress Source: Corbis

17 Seven Signs of Macro 3. Many Voice (continued) MASSIVE employment Trans-Siberian Railway: 90,000 Panama: 60,000 died Snowy Mountains Hydroelectric: 100,000 Canadian Pacific Railway: 3,500,000

18 Trans-continental Railway, United States Source: Library of Congress

19 Seven Signs of Macro 4. One Vision Ignited by visionary Historical: emperor, king, czar Recent: legislator, passionate leader

20 Seven Signs of Macro 4. One Vision (continued) Taj Mahal Visionary: Shah Jahan

21 Taj Mahal, India Source: Corbis

22 Seven Signs of Macro 4. One Vision (continued) Canal des Deux Mers (Canal of the Two Seas) Visionary Riquet de Bonrepos

23 Canal des Deux Mers, France Source: Greenwood

24 Seven Signs of Macro 4. One Vision (continued) Erie Canal Visionary: DeWitt Clinton

25 Erie Canal, United States Source: Library of Congress

26 Seven Signs of Macro 5. Environmental Concerns Environmental change Preservation

27 Seven Signs of Macro 5. Environmental Concerns (continued) Roman Aqueducts Tiber River Aqua Virgo, Aqua Marcia 1000 Fountains

28 Aqueducts, Rome Source: Library of Congress

29 Seven Signs of Macro 5. Environmental Concerns (continued) Hydroelectric Power: Salinity Aswan Dam Snowy Mountains ITAIPÚ

30 Seven Signs of Macro 5. Environmental Concerns (continued) Preservation and Recreation Appalachian Trail

31 National Trails System, United States Source: Shutterstock

32 Seven Signs of Macro 7. Technical and Scientific Innovations Humankind s capacity to accomplish what was often held to be unachievable. Dr. Jeffrey K. Stine, Smithsonian Macro as force in evolution?

33 Groma, Rome Source: Library of Congress

34 Time Zones, Canadian Pacific Railway Source: Library of Congress

35 Miniaturization Industry: International Space Station Source: NASA

36 Seven Signs of Macro 7. Cooperative Advantage Influencing dynamics of systems Mobilizing through shared purpose

37 Seven Signs of Macro 7. Cooperative Advantage (continued) Solomon s Temple Israel and Lebanon cooperation A house of prayer for all nations Isaiah, 56:7

38 Solomon s Temple with Cedars of Lebanon Source: Library of Congress

39 Seven Signs of Macro 7. Cooperative Advantage (continued) Suez Canal Ferdinand de Lesseps + Mohammed-Said Pasha, Viceroy of Egypt Shall always remain open as a neutral passage to every merchant ship crossing from one sea to another Article XIV, Charter of Concession, 30 Nov., 1854.

40 Suez Canal, Egypt Source: Library of Congress

41 Seven Signs of Macro 7. Cooperative Advantage (continued) Channel Tunnel Fixed link of England and Europe Improved train system for continent

42 Channel Tunnel, France and England Source: Shutterstock

43 Seven Signs of Macro 7. Cooperative Advantage (continued) International Space Station From Cold War to Comity

44 Building the World Role of large-scale infrastructure in the evolution of the world s societies. Dr. David Marks, MIT Macro projects bring people and nations together. Dr. Hasan-Uddin Khan, Roger Williams University, Aga Khan Program for Islamic Architecture, MIT/Harvard

45 IAMES Top Ten Building the Future

46 Building the Future AIDS Control and Prevention Program

47 Building the Future Development and Deployment of Economic Renewable Energy Systems

48 Building the Future Use of Hydrogen to Power Motor Vehicles

49 Building the Future Electric Car Commercialization System

50 Building the Future Nuclear Waste Disposal Complex

51 Building the Future Universal Removal of Land Mines

52 Building the Future Large Reverse-Osmosis Plants in Heavily Populated, Arid Coastal Areas

53 Building the Future Global Disaster Relief Service

54 Building the Future International Food Reserve

55 Building the Future Superconducting Maglev Rail Systems

56 Building the Future Importance of Resolving the New Ethics Issues posed by Complex Projects

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58 Thanks to Yujin Asai Jennifer Chu Kevin Downing Tom Faulhaber Jay Forrester Linda Garmon Cordell Hull Frank Iudiciani Hasan-Uddin Khan Richard Hantula George Litwin Benjamin Levy Susan Lumenello Yasmin McCarthy David H. Marks Fred Moavenzadeh Nate Nickerson Chanathip Pharino Cherie Potts Khalid Saeed