ApacheHVAC User Guide Part F: Loads Analysis and Reporting Tools

Transcription

1 ApacheHVAC User Guide Part F: Loads Analysis and Reporting Tools IES Virtual Environment Copyright 2017 Integrated Environmental Solutions Limited. All rights reserved. No part of the manual is to be copied or reproduced in any form without the express agreement of Integrated Environmental Solutions Limited. VE 2016 ApacheHVAC User Guide part A: Overview and fundamentals i

2 Contents 1 Introduction ASHRAE Loads Internal Gain Inclusion and Saturation Diversity Factors Design Day Profiles Reporting New Variables Duct Leakage Fan Configuration Generating Loads Reports Select results file Select report sections to generate Report generator settings Select report sections to generate Oversizing HTML Reports Content Manager Room and Zone Loads Reports Project and Climate Space Loads and Ventilation Zone and Room Loads Reports Cooling Zone/Room Peak Heating Zone/Room Peak Cooling Summary Heating Summary Areas & Thermal Transmittance Temperatures & Setpoints Airflow Checks HVAC Loads and Sizing Reports Project and Climate Plant Loops and Equipment Space Loads and Ventilation Space Conditioning Loads Reports Cooling Coil Peak Cooling System/Zone/Room Peak Heating Coil Peak Cooling Coils and Room Units Heating Coils and Room Units Areas Temperatures VE 2016 ApacheHVAC User Guide part A: Overview and fundamentals ii

3 6.4.8 Airflow Checks VE 2016 ApacheHVAC User Guide part A: Overview and fundamentals iii

4 ApacheHVAC User Guide part F: Loads Analysis and Reporting Tools The ApacheHVAC User Guide is divided into five parts five separate documents each of which covers a set of related topics. Ten ApacheHVAC User Guide Appendices provide additional information. A: Overview and Fundamentals Part A describes general functions, toolbars, tree, canvas, drawing tools, overlays and annotations, HVAC prototypes library, constructing systems, multiplexing basics, types of components and controllers, essential rules, Integrated System Management (ISM) basics, overview of the System Parameters UI, typical workflow, and results view. Many of these topics are appear again in parts B E where they are covered in greater detail. B: Equipment, Loops, Components, and Controls Plant Equipment and Water Loops Airside Components and Controllers Room Unit Components and Controllers C: Working with Prototype HVAC Networks Prototype HVAC Systems Library Rooms, Zones, Layers, and Multiplexing Integrated System Management (ISM), emphasizing broader VE context as in ISM phases 1b and 2, and productivity tools in phase 3; will cover phases 1-3 as they are released. System Setup, System Parameters, Zones Tabular Edit, Loads, Ventilation, Autosizing, Loads Reports, and Results Analysis workflow and essential steps. D: System Parameters Interface for HVAC Networks Description of each individual parameter and control in the System Parameters dialog. See also Appendix B: System Parameter Dialog Data Mapping. E: Prototype Systems System types and common features of Prototype Systems in the HVAC Systems Library F: Loads Analysis and Reporting Tools Loads Analysis tools and system loads and sizing Report Generator Loads Report data sources and descriptions for all VE2017-format loads reports Appendix A: Appendix B: Appendix C: Appendix D: Appendix E: Appendix F: Appendix G: Appendix H: Appendix I: Appendix J: Rules for Air Flow Specification System Parameter Dialog Data Mapping ApacheHVAC Component and Controller Limits HVAC Systems Modeling Guidance for the ASHRAE 90.1 Performance Rating Method Ground-Source Heat Pump Modeling with ApacheHVAC and Gaia Geothermal GLD VRF systems in ApacheHVAC Hydronic Radiant Heating and Cooling Systems in ApacheHVAC UFAD and Displacement Ventilation in ApacheHVAC Solar Hot Water Applications in ApacheHVAC Pre-ISM Zone Loads, Ventilation, and Autosizing using the Loads Data Spreadsheet and original System Schedules interface (VE2015 and earlier version VE 2017 ApacheHVAC User Guide Part F: Loads Analysis and Reporting Tools iv

5 1 Introduction For VE 2017 the loads reporting structure has been overhauled and new functionality has been added to allow for more user control over loads runs. To enhance the load runs, ASHRAE Loads now supports flexible user control and differentiation between Room & Zone Loads and System Loads. The following can be independently determined for the different types of loads analyses, with settings for each being retained by the software: Inclusion of internal gains Diversity for internal gains Saturation of profiles for internal gains, and if so, during all hours of non-zero profile values or just during occupied hours Use of Design Day profiles when specialize gain profiles are needed specifically for loads analyses Section 2 of this user guide discusses the details of these load run options and settings. As well as improvements to the loads runs, functionality has also been added which allows new variables to be reported i.e. duct leakage and fan configuration. These new features give further insight into the impact of system sizing runs, which had not been previously possible with the VE, see Section 3. Finally, a new reporting structure provides new report types and uses a single page PDF format, which allows the user to quickly interrogate their room, zone, and system loads run at different levels easily and effectively. This new format also allows reports to be easily shared and printed if needed, see Section 4 and Section 5. VE 2017 ApacheHVAC User Guide part F: Loads Analysis and Reporting Tools 5

6 2 ASHRAE Loads ASHRAE loads includes flexible user control settings, which can be independently configured for Room & Zone Loads and System Loads. The new functionality is detailed in the following sections. 2.1 Internal Gain Inclusion and Saturation ASHARE loads allows the user to include/exclude internal gains from a heating loads run, see Figure 2-1. By default, the internal gains are not included for either the Room & Zone heating loads or the System heating loads. Figure 2-1: ASHRAE Room and Apache System loads dialog with the option to include internal gains for the heating loads engaged Once internal gains are included (optional for heating loads, always included for cooling loads) then the user has the ability to set saturation conditions for these gains. Here we will discuss the ability to saturate internal gains both for heating and cooling loads runs. VE 2017 ApacheHVAC User Guide part F: Loads Analysis and Reporting Tools 6

7 Figure 2-2: ASHRAE Room and Apache System loads dialog with the option to saturate internal gains profiles for peak heating and cooling loads The following options are available: No This leaves all internal gain profiles unchanged (default for both Room & Zone and System Loads for heating and cooling runs) Yes This interprets all internal gain profile values that are greater than zero as being equal to 1.0 (100%) during sizing runs. However, this only occurs if the appropriate setting has been engaged in the internal gain either through building template manager or via space data, see Figure 2-3. The Allow profiles to saturate for loads analysis? is checked by default. System occupied hours This option increases non-zero internal gain profile values to 100% just during System Occupied Hours thus avoiding any increase of non-zero values maintained outside of those hours. The system occupied hours are generated from the data entered for the system (HVAC network) on the Schedules tab of the System Parameters dialog. VE 2017 ApacheHVAC User Guide part F: Loads Analysis and Reporting Tools 7

8 Figure 2-3: Internal gains dialog, accessed from the Building Template Manager, with the option to allow profile saturation for loads analysis engaged 2.2 Diversity Factors If internal gains are included in the loads analysis, then the user has the ability to include/exclude diversity factors as setup for each gain in either building template manager or room data as shown in Figure 2-4. VE 2017 ApacheHVAC User Guide part F: Loads Analysis and Reporting Tools 8

9 Figure 2-4: Internal gains dialog, accessed from the Building Template Manager, with the Diversity factor set to 0.8 for the selected lighting gain This option is available for both heating and cooling loads calculations. By default, diversity factors are excluded for Room & Zone Loads and included for System Loads. VE 2017 ApacheHVAC User Guide part F: Loads Analysis and Reporting Tools 9

10 Figure 2-5: ApacheHVAC System loads and sizing dialog with the Diversity Factors not applied to internal gains for heating loads, but applied to internal gains for cooling loads 2.3 Design Day Profiles In ApachePro, two new day types have been added to allow for the definition of specific heating and cooling design day profiles. Figure 2-6: Sample heating & cooling design day profiles shown as part of a weekly profile in ApPro These design day profiles are the default reference in the Room & Zone loads and System Loads dialogs. By unchecking the Default box in the loads dialog for heating and/or cooling loads, users can select a day of the week for use in load calculation runs in place of the design day profiles if desired. VE 2017 ApacheHVAC User Guide part F: Loads Analysis and Reporting Tools 10

11 Figure 2-7: ASHRAE ApacheHVAC Room and HVAC Zone Loads dialog with the default selection of heating & cooling design day profiles shown VE 2017 ApacheHVAC User Guide part F: Loads Analysis and Reporting Tools 11

12 3 Reporting New Variables In order to provide a full and informative report, new functionality has been added into the VE to cater for new variables. These are detailed as follows: 3.1 Duct Leakage Duct leakage can be an important consideration when evaluating a system configuration. The Duct thermal properties component contains a user option to specify duct leakage as a percentage of the entering airflow rate that will be leaked. By default, the value for Duct Leakage rate (%) is 0%. Options for specifying the location defines where the air will leak. The following options are available: Duct external to the building = leakage to the external environment Duct within Return Air Plenum = leakage to the selected return air plenum Duct within Supply Air Plenum = leakage to the selected supply air plenum Duct within Zone - leakage to the selected HVAC Zone (enabled when zones exist in the ApacheHVAC file) Duct within Room - leakage to the selected room The plenum, room and zone locations can be assigned from a group if appropriate. Figure 3-1: Duct thermal properties dialog shown with 10% of airflow leaking into the zone where the component is located. See ApacheHVAC User Guide part B for more information about the Ductwork thermal properties component. VE 2017 ApacheHVAC User Guide part F: Loads Analysis and Reporting Tools 12

13 3.2 Fan Configuration The loads reports are now able to report the fan location relative to the AHU cooling coil. The Fan Configuration is reported in multiple locations in the system loads reports see Section 5 for more information. The following terminology is used in the reports: Fan is downstream of cooling coil = Draw-Through configuration Fan is upstream of cooling coil = Blow-Through configuration For any system wherein either one or both of the two required links (AHU Cooling Coil and Supply fan) is not present or the flow-path node configuration makes it impossible to determine the relative location of these two components, the Fan configuration row in the report will read undetermined. Further details about the fan component can be found in ApacheHVAC User Guide part B. VE 2017 ApacheHVAC User Guide part F: Loads Analysis and Reporting Tools 13

14 4 Generating Loads Reports The Generate loads and sizing reports dialog is available from the following locations: ASHRAE Loads dialog ApacheHVAC toolbar button VistaPro (selecting a.clg,.htg,.cln, or.htn file in VistaPro, or selecting multiple files and clicking Room and Zone Loads / System Loads and Sizing for ApacheHVAC button) Selected navigators (PRM and Prototype system sizing) Figure 4-1: Generate loads and sizing reports dialog access within the ASHRAE Loads dialog Figure 4-2: Generate loads and sizing reports dialog accessed from the ApacheHVAC toolbar VE 2017 ApacheHVAC User Guide part F: Loads Analysis and Reporting Tools 14

15 Figure 4-3: Generate loads and sizing reports dialog access within VistaPro Figure 4-4: Generate loads and sizing reports dialog within the VE, shown with a pair of.clg and.cln files selected in VistaPro VE 2017 ApacheHVAC User Guide part F: Loads Analysis and Reporting Tools 15

16 Note that system level sizing using ASHRAE Loads analysis must be completed to provide the.cln and.htn results files necessary for generating system loads reports. This can be done via ApacheHVAC, the 90.1 PRM Navigator, or directly from the ASHRAE Loads dialog. 4.1 Select results file This section of the dialog allows the user to select a results file that will be used to generate the reports. One file can be selected at a time with the default selection always being the first one on the list. 4.2 Select report sections to generate The Room & Zone Loads reports are presented as a series of single page PDFs broken down over the following four types: Project and Climate This is presented as a single page report for each file selected. It details model, location, weather and calculation data as well as giving a building loads summary. Further details can be found in Section 5.1. Space loads and ventilation This report displays zone and room level loads and airflows that are the coincident peaks taken from the Room & Zone Loads run or System Parameters UI as appropriate. This selection is not available if an ApacheHVAC file is not associated with the Room Loads run. Further details can be found in Section Zone loads A single page report is presented for each zone within the selected results file. This page shows a detailed breakdown of each zone in terms of peak heating & cooling loads, as well as displaying ancillary information like temperatures, airflows, engineering checks etc. based on the Room & Zone Loads run. This selection will be greyed out if HVAC zones do not exist in the project. Further details can be found in Section 5.3. Room loads Similar to the zone loads report, this page shows the peak heating & cooling loads at a room level. Further details can be found in Section 5.3. The HVAC Loads & Sizing reports are presented as a series of single page PDFs broken down over the following six types: Project and Climate This is presented as a single page report for each file selected. It details model, location, weather and calculation data as well as giving a building loads summary. Further details can be found in Section 6.1. VE 2017 ApacheHVAC User Guide part F: Loads Analysis and Reporting Tools 16

17 Plant loops & equipment This report presents data for each active plant loop and associated equipment in a series of frames. Depending on the amount of active loops, this may flow across multiple pages. Further details can be found in Section 6.2. Space loads and ventilation This report displays system, zone and room level loads and airflows that are the coincident peaks taken from the Room & Zone Loads run, System Loads run or System Parameters UI as appropriate. Further details can be found in Section 6.3. System loads A single page report is presented for each system within the selected results file. This page shows a detailed breakdown of each system in terms of peak coil performance as well as displaying ancillary information like temperatures, airflow, engineering checks etc. based on the System Loads run. Further details can be found in Section 6.4. Zone conditioning loads Similar to the system loads report, this page shows the breakdown at a zone level. This selection will be greyed out if HVAC zones do not exist in the ApacheHVAC file. Further details can be found in Section 6.4. Room conditioning loads Similar to the system and zone loads report, this page shows the breakdown at a room level. Further details can be found in Section 6.4. The user can select which reports are generated by checking or unchecking each report. By default, no reports are included. 4.3 Report generator settings This section of the dialog includes two user options: Set peak time for reporting Include/exclude oversizing for coils, equipment, and zone loads Select report sections to generate This applies to the System, Zone conditioning and Room conditioning loads reports and allows the user to set the appropriate peaking devices (and thus peak time) for use in the cooling and heating coil peak frames of these reports. The dialog is launched by selecting the Peak time for loads reporting button. VE 2017 ApacheHVAC User Guide part F: Loads Analysis and Reporting Tools 17

18 Figure 4-5: Peak Time for Loads Reporting dialog where user can select relevant peaking device to determine peak time for loads reporting If the results file has more than one HVAC system then these are listed and are individually selectable. Once the system is selected the dialog will auto select the most appropriate heating and cooling peaking device based on the system type and configuration e.g. in this case the system is 07a VAV with Reheat and the software has auto selected the AHU cooling coil and the Zone reheat coils as the relevant peaking devices. These selections can be overridden by the user by simply selecting from the appropriate dropdown for each load report type (system/zone/room). It should be noted that room units cannot currently be selected as a peaking device Oversizing A dropdown selector has been provided to allow the user to determine, at the time of report generation, whether the reported values will include the application of oversizing factors. For coils and equipment, this applies to the oversizing factors for each of these items within the ApacheHVAC interface. In the case of zone loads, the inclusion of oversizing factors reports values for zone cooling loads and zone heating loads in the Space loads and ventilation report after the application of oversizing factors set for each zone on the Zone Loads & Supply Airflows tab of the System Parameters dialog in ApacheHVAC. When Room components are used (rather than Zone components) in ApacheHVAC, each Room is equivalent to an HVAC Zone. When this is true, the loads for Rooms on each system within the Space loads and Ventilation report are similarly affected. This does not affect the contributing loads on the detailed Room Loads and Zone Loads reports. VE 2017 ApacheHVAC User Guide part F: Loads Analysis and Reporting Tools 18

19 Figure 4-6: Generate system loads and sizing reports dialog with option to include or exclude oversizing factors for coils, equipment, and zone loads highlighted The inclusion/exclusion of oversizing factors has the following impact on the different report types: Project and Climate Regardless of the toggle, the project cooling and heating loads are coincident peak values for all conditioned spaces without oversizing. Plant loops & equipment All equipment and loop capacities will include or exclude oversizing factors during report generation depending on the user selection. VE 2017 ApacheHVAC User Guide part F: Loads Analysis and Reporting Tools 19

20 Space loads and ventilation Zone loads for cooling and heating are each coincident peak values with respect to constituent rooms with/without oversizing factors applied. Zone airflows are design values that include oversizing and other influences as set for individual zones in System Parameters. System, Zone conditioning and Room conditioning loads Coil and room unit capacities will include or exclude oversizing factors during report generation depending on the user selection. Dynamic notes have been added to each report to reflect the user selection in this dialog. 4.4 HTML Reports The Generate system loads and sizing report dialog gives access to the VE2016 HTML based sizing reports and the ASHRAE 62.1 ventilation reports. These are not included by default. Figure 4-7: Generate system loads and sizing reports dialog with options for HTML reports highlighted VE 2017 ApacheHVAC User Guide part F: Loads Analysis and Reporting Tools 20

21 4.5 Content Manager When the user selection is complete, the selected reports can be generated by clicking the OK button. The PDF containing these reports will be generated and has the same name as the.clg,.htg,.cln, and.htn files from the Loads run. It is saved to the project scripts folder and is added to content manager for future viewing. Figure 4-8: Content Manager alert that appears following the generation of any loads reports Content manager is the reports repository in the VE and can be accessed via a popup after the report generation process is complete as shown above or via the tools menu at anytime, as well as accessed from some navigators. Content manager lists the available reports on the left hand side frame and displays the contents on the right hand side. Reports can be fully investigated, filtered, deleted, or opened externally in a local PDF viewer. VE 2017 ApacheHVAC User Guide part F: Loads Analysis and Reporting Tools 21

22 Figure 4-9: Content manager and PDF viewer showing an example loads report page VE 2017 ApacheHVAC User Guide part F: Loads Analysis and Reporting Tools 22

23 5 Room and Zone Loads Reports Four report types are available for loads and sizing: Project and Climate Space Loads and Ventilation Zone Loads Room Loads These new reports types are based around a single page PDF format, with report pages organized according to a linear scheme. This means that, where applicable, the information pertaining to the building (as is the case in the Project and Climate report) or a zone or room (as it the case for the loads reports) are contained on a single page. This makes the interrogation of the reports quick, easy and effective. In the case of the Space Loads and Ventilation report the report may overlap onto multiple pages depending on the size of the project. The header within each report references the report type (left hand side), the project name (center) and the VE version (right hand side). The following reports have additional information in the header: Space Loads and Ventilation The name of the system is displayed under the project name Zone Loads Report The name of the zone is displayed under the project name and the parent system (if applicable) is displayed under the report type Room Loads Report The name of the room is displayed under the project name and the parent system (if applicable), the HVAC Methodology chosen is displayed under the parent system (if shown), and parent zone (if applicable) is displayed under the report type In each report the notes to the right hand side of the footer contains the following information: Results file name Date and time of generation Reference to the report type Page number relative to the total pages for that report type Notes specific to the report type are contained on the left hand side of the footer. For all reports where data is not available or applicable a dash (-) is used. 5.1 Project and Climate The project and climate report is the first report to be displayed unless it is unchecked. It shows a breakdown of model, location, weather and calculation data for the selected results file as well as giving a VE 2017 ApacheHVAC User Guide part F: Loads Analysis and Reporting Tools 23

24 project loads summary. It is a single page report generated for each results file. It contains the following six frames: Model Data Location Data Design Weather Data Heating Calculation Data Cooling Calculation Data Project Loads Summary Figure 5-1: Project and Climate report page VE 2017 ApacheHVAC User Guide part F: Loads Analysis and Reporting Tools 24

25 Model Data: The model data frame contains the following information: Project file HVAC file Model floor area Building floor area Building Volume Number of conditioned rooms Load analysis methodology Calculated Version No. The project.mit file name The project.asp file used to generate the report (if applicable) Total building floor area Building conditioned floor area Building conditioned volume Total number of rooms served by a system ASHRAE Heat Balance Method as per Apache Loads Date and time of calculation IES VE Version Number Location Data: The location data frame contains the following information: Location Taken from the Location & Site Data tab in ApLocate Latitude Taken from the Location & Site Data tab in ApLocate Longitude Taken from the Location & Site Data tab in ApLocate Altitude Taken from the Location & Site Data tab in ApLocate Time Zone Taken from the Location & Site Data tab in ApLocate VE 2017 ApacheHVAC User Guide part F: Loads Analysis and Reporting Tools 25

26 Design Weather Data: The design weather data frame contains the following information: Source Taken from the Design Weather Data tab in ApLocate Monthly percentile - heating Monthly percentile - cooling Barometric pressure Air density Air specific heat Density-spec heat product Summer Ground reflectance Winter Ground reflectance Carbon dioxide (ambient) Taken from the Design Weather Data tab in ApLocate Taken from the Design Weather Data tab in ApLocate This is atmospheric pressure taken from the design weather data Taken from the Location & Site Data tab in ApLocate. This is one of the following: Standard value which is the same for all locations (default) Custom value which can be entered by the user Derived value. Here the user can enter elevation and reference dry bulb and relative humidity values to derive the air density Constant value of 1019J/kgK in SI and Btu/lb F in IP Product of air density and specific heat Taken from the Location & Site Data tab in ApLocate Taken from the Location & Site Data tab in ApLocate Taken from the Location & Site Data tab in ApLocate Cooling Calculation Data: The cooling calculation data frame contains the following information: Results file Name of associated.clg file Calculated Profile Month Max. outdoor temp dry bulb Max. outdoor temp wet bulb Date and time of calculation Taken from Apache System Loads settings Taken from the Design Weather Data tab in ApLocate Taken from the Design Weather Data tab in ApLocate VE 2017 ApacheHVAC User Guide part F: Loads Analysis and Reporting Tools 26

27 Heating Calculation Data: The heating calculation data frame contains the following information: Results file Name of associated.htg file Calculated Profile Month Outdoor winter design temp Date and time of calculation Taken from Apache System Loads settings Taken from the Design Weather Data tab in ApLocate Project Loads Summary Data: The project loads summary data frame contains the following information: Cooling loads peak Coincident peak cooling design load from the.clg file, accounting for all rooms Cooling load density Cooling design load density associated with the peak shown above. Heating loads peak Coincident peak heating design load peak from the.htg file, accounting for all rooms Heating load density Heating design load density associated with the peak shown above. 5.2 Space Loads and Ventilation The space loads and ventilation report is the third report to be displayed unless it is unchecked or an ApacheHVAC file is not associated with the Room and Zone Loads run. This report shows a high-level breakdown of the space loads and ventilation values for each system within the results file. It can flow onto multiple pages if the HVAC file contains more than one system. The data shown in this table is consistent with that shown for the Zone Airflow Distribution table within ApacheHVAC, and thus includes only those spaces/zones assigned to Principal Room/Zone components. Therefore, the Space Loads and Ventilation report is a summary of loads for the Principal Room/Zone spaces on each system, and not a listing of coil loads, which might include additional loads for non-principal spaces, outdoor air ventilation, etc. This table is populated via the associated ApacheHVAC.asp file, and therefore is included with the Room & Zone Loads reports only when an ApacheHVAC system has been set up and the relevant.asp file is selected for association with the Room & Zone Loads run. The loads values obtained via ApacheHVAC for this report are, however, originally sourced from the results for the Room & Zone Loads run (.clg or.htg file), and the reported design airflows are calculated for each zone and room based upon those loads. The report also shows zone and room level loads and airflows. Zone loads are the coincident peak for all rooms in each zone, and are set by the Room & Zone Loads run. Zone airflows are the zone cooling and heating max airflows from the System Parameters UI. Room level loads data in the table are the noncoincident peak value from the Room & Zone Loads run for the room. Both Room Loads and Zone Loads (the coincident peak for the rooms in each zone) in this report are populated from the System Parameters dialog and Zone Airflow Distribution table in the.asp file. These values are typically generated from the Room & Zone loads analysis run i.e., normally using saturated gain profiles, without diversity factors, and before any influence from system operation and controls. VE 2017 ApacheHVAC User Guide part F: Loads Analysis and Reporting Tools 27

28 System Loads in this report are the sum of peak values from the Room & Zone loads analysis run i.e., before system sizing has been performed. One report is shown per system with the system name in the header. In the case of PTAC and Single Zone systems the name also includes a layer number for easier cross reference. Figure 5-2: Space Loads and Ventilation report page VE 2017 ApacheHVAC User Guide part F: Loads Analysis and Reporting Tools 28

29 System Level: The following information is provided for the system: Sensible Cooling Load Sum of peak values from the Room & Zone Loads run for all zones on the system Latent Cooling Load Sum of peak values from the Room & Zone Loads run for all zones on the system Total Cooling load (also Sum of the above provided per unit floor area) Cooling Airflow (also Sum of peak values from the Room & Zone Loads run at provided per unit floor the time of peak cooling load area) Heating load (also provided per unit floor area) Heating Airflow (also provided per unit floor area) Outdoor Airflow Req. (also provided per unit floor area) Min OA Airflow (also provided per unit floor area) Sum of peak values from the Room & Zone Loads run for all zones on the system Sum of peak values from the Room & Zone Loads run at the time of peak heating load This is system minimum outdoor ventilation requirement before considering the possibility of a greater requirement for outside air to make up for total system exhaust airflow and is equivalent to Vot in the System Parameters UI Not populated when System loads have not been calculated VE 2017 ApacheHVAC User Guide part F: Loads Analysis and Reporting Tools 29

30 Zone Level: The following information is provided for each zone served by the system: Sensible Cooling Load Coincident peak value from the Room & Zone Loads run as recorded in the System Parameters dialog, subject to user edit, for all rooms in the zone Latent Cooling Load Coincident peak value from the Room & Zone Loads run as recorded in the System Parameters dialog, subject to user edit for all rooms in the zone Total Cooling load (also Sum of the above provided per unit floor area) Cooling Airflow (also The Zone Cooling Max Airflow from the System provided per unit floor Parameters UI area) Heating load (also provided per unit floor area) Heating Airflow (also provided per unit floor area) Outdoor Airflow Req. (also provided per unit floor area) Min OA Airflow (also provided per unit floor area) Coincident peak value from the Room & Zone Loads run as recorded in the System Parameters dialog, subject to user edit for all rooms in the zone The Zone Heating Max Airflow from the System Parameters UI Zone Ventilation Max/Total Required from the System Parameters UI Not populated when System loads have not been calculated Figure 5-3: Zone Airflow Distribution table showing a system 7a with completed system sizing and user edits (orange text) and a system 5b with completed room & zone level sizing, but without completed system sizing (blue text). All autosized values appear in green text. VE 2017 ApacheHVAC User Guide part F: Loads Analysis and Reporting Tools 30

31 Room Level: The following information is provided for each room served by the system: Sensible Cooling Load Peak value from the Room & Zone Loads run as recorded in the System Parameters dialog, subject to user edit for the room Latent Cooling Load Peak value from the Room & Zone Loads run as recorded in the System Parameters dialog, subject to user edit for the room Total Cooling load (also Sum of the above provided per unit floor area) Cooling Airflow (also The Zone Cooling Max Airflow from the System provided per unit floor Parameters UI multiplied by the room airflow apportioning area) factor (%) as per the Zone Airflow Distribution table. Heating load (also Peak value from the Room & Zone Loads run for the room provided per unit floor area) Heating Airflow (also provided per unit floor area) The Zone Heating Max Airflow from the System Parameters UI multiplied by the room airflow apportioning factor (%) as per the Zone Airflow Distribution table 5.3 Zone and Room Loads Reports The zone and room loads reports show the breakdown of peak heating and cooling loads at two different levels across a series of single page reports. The two levels shown are Zone Room If HVAC zones do not exist in the model then this report will not be available for generation. If they exist only for a select number of spaces within the model then only the reports relevant to these spaces will contain zone level reports. Zone Loads and Room Loads values in this set of reports are taken from the Zone and Room loads analysis run at the time of the relevant room or zone peak load i.e., using the gain profiles and diversity factors set in the loads dialog, and excluding the influences of system operation and controls. The reports are split into three columns, which are further split into relevant frames within each column as follows: VE 2017 ApacheHVAC User Guide part F: Loads Analysis and Reporting Tools 31

32 Cooling Cooling Peak This is the breakdown of all the gains and losses contributing to the peak zone or room load. Cooling Summary This shows peak load information of the room or zone Heating Heating Peak This is the breakdown of all the gains and losses contributing to the peak zone or room load. Heating Summary This shows peak load information of the room or zone Supplementary information Areas & Thermal Transmittance Areas of components of the room or zone, with area-weighted U-values shown Temperatures & Setpoints Zone or room temperatures and setpoints Airflow Zone or room airflows (only infiltration information will be displayed if an ApacheHVAC file is not associated with the Zone & Room Loads run). Checks Engineering checks relevant to the zone or room accordingly The following images show examples of zone and room loads reports. VE 2017 ApacheHVAC User Guide part F: Loads Analysis and Reporting Tools 32

33 Figure 5-4: Zone Loads report page VE 2017 ApacheHVAC User Guide part F: Loads Analysis and Reporting Tools 33

34 Figure 5-5: Room Loads report page VE 2017 ApacheHVAC User Guide part F: Loads Analysis and Reporting Tools 34

35 5.3.1 Cooling Zone/Room Peak Figure 5-6: Cooling Peak section of Zone and Room Loads report pages This frame itemizes gains contributing to the peak cooling load in a room or zone. The name of this frame is dynamic and will update depending on whether a room or zone load report is generated. This frame is broken down across the series of rows and columns, which are detailed as follows: VE 2017 ApacheHVAC User Guide part F: Loads Analysis and Reporting Tools 35

36 Rows (reported gain classes): Envelope Gains/Losses These are the gains/losses associated with the envelope e.g. external walls, roofs, solar, ventilation associated with the envelope, etc. Internal Building Gains/Losses These the gains/losses associated with the internal structures Internal Gains These the gains/losses associated with internal contributions within the room/zone e.g. lights, people, equipment Columns: Zone/Room Sensible/Latent These are the gains/losses associated with the room or zone itself Net Value These are the gains/losses that directly contribute to the peak load Per Floor Area Displays, for each row, the value in the adjacent Net Value column expressed per floor area of the reported room or zone Percent of total Displays, for each row, the value in the Net Value column expressed as a percentage of the total appearing at the bottom of that column (or a dash if the Net Value column contains a dash). The time of peak load is shown at the top of this frame along with the outside air dry bulb (DB), outside air wet bulb (WB) and the outside air relative humidity (RH) at that time. VE 2017 ApacheHVAC User Guide part F: Loads Analysis and Reporting Tools 36

37 Envelope Gains/Losses: External Walls Roofs Ground/Exposed Floors External Doors Windows Conduction Skylight Conduction Solar Infiltration Nat/Aux Vent Conduction gain - external wall from the.clg file Conduction gain roof from the.clg file Conduction gain - ground floor from the.clg file Conduction gain external doors from the.clg file Conduction gain - external glazing from the.clg file Conduction gain rooflights from the.clg file Solar gain from the.clg file Infiltration gain from the.clg file Natural vent gain + Aux mech vent gain from the.clg file Internal Building Gains/Losses: Internal Walls/ Openings Conduction gain - internal wall + Conduction gain - internal door + Conduction gain - internal glazed from the.clg file Internal Floors Conduction gain floor from the.clg file Internal Air & Furniture Air & furniture dynamic gain from the.clg file Ceilings Conduction gain ceiling from the.clg file Internal Gains: Lights People Misc,Computers,Equip Lighting gain from the.clg file People gain from the.clg file Equipment gain from the.clg file VE 2017 ApacheHVAC User Guide part F: Loads Analysis and Reporting Tools 37

38 5.3.2 Heating Zone/Room Peak Figure 5-7: Heating Peak section of Zone and Room Loads report pages This section itemizes gains (reported gain classes) contributing to the peak heating load in the room or zone. As with the cooing peak, this determines the wording of the header. The derivations of entries in this part of the report (under the headings Room or Zone and Net Total ) follow the same procedures as those in the cooling room or zone peak section, with the following exceptions: VE 2017 ApacheHVAC User Guide part F: Loads Analysis and Reporting Tools 38

39 Inputs are taken from the.htg file rather than the.clg file. So long as the Default box is checked in the Heating Loads section of the ASHRAE Loads dialog, the Time of peak on the report shall display Heating Design. The column for Latent Load is not relevant and therefore is omitted Cooling Summary Figure 5-8: Cooling Summary section of Room and Zone Loads report pages This frame summarizes the peak cooling load values for the room or zone. Details of reported values are as follows: Sensible cooling load (Btu/h) Latent cooling load (Btu/h) Sensible heat ratio Design Supply Airflow calculated per Design zone air temp for Supply Airflow calculation ( F/ C) Sensible cooling load from the *.clg file Latent cooling load from the *.clg file Ratio of sensible load to total load (sensible + latent load) Taken from the System Parameters dialog, this field indicates whether design airflows in the report were calculated using sensible or latent loads data. A dash will appear where Design Supply Airflow is not calculated because an ApacheHVAC file was not associated with the Room & Zone Loads calculation Taken from the System Parameters dialog to reflect the air temperature used for calculating Design Supply Airflow; A dash will appear where Design Supply Airflow is not calculated because an ApacheHVAC file was not associated with the Room & Zone Loads calculation VE 2017 ApacheHVAC User Guide part F: Loads Analysis and Reporting Tools 39

40 5.3.4 Heating Summary Figure 5-9: Heating Summary section of Room and Zone Loads report pages This frame summarizes the peak heating load values for the room or zone. Details of reported values are as follows: Sensible heating load Sensible cooling load from the *.htg file (Btu/h) Design zone air temp for Taken from the System Parameters dialog to reflect the air Supply Airflow temperature used for calculating Design Supply Airflow; A calculation ( F/ C) dash will appear where Design Supply Airflow is not calculated because an ApacheHVAC file was not associated with the Room & Zone Loads calculation Areas & Thermal Transmittance Figure 5-10: Areas & Thermal Transmittance section of Zone & Room Loads report pages VE 2017 ApacheHVAC User Guide part F: Loads Analysis and Reporting Tools 40

41 This frame details the gross surface areas of the zones or rooms. The frame also outlines the glazing area in the relevant surfaces and shows this as a percentage. This frame is broken down into rows of external and internal areas, across the series columns, which are detailed as follows: Columns: Total Area The area of the surface, for each row, for the relevant room or zone Glazing The area of the surface, for each row, that is glazed for the relevant room or zone Glazing % Displays, for each row, the value in the adjacent Glazing column expressed as a percentage of the total area U-value Displays, for each row, the area-weighted U-value for the relevant room or zone External Walls Windows Door Floors Roofs Internal Ceilings Floors Partitions External wall area + external glazing area (excluding doors and holes) External glass area in associated wall as area and percentage of gross wall area External glazing area (excluding doors and holes) External door area Area of ground and exposed floors External roof area + external skylight area (excluding holes) External skylight area in associated roof as area and percentage of gross roof area Internal ceiling area Internal floor area Internal vertical partition and door area (including glazing & holes) VE 2017 ApacheHVAC User Guide part F: Loads Analysis and Reporting Tools 41

42 5.3.6 Temperatures & Setpoints Figure 5-11: Temperatures & Setpoints section of Zone Loads report pages This frame reports relevant temperatures at zone and room level, in columns for cooling and heating, detailed as follows: Zone level: Supply air (design) Master Room Setpoint (design) Master Room (actual) Mean Radiant Temperature Dry Resultant Temperature RH (Design Max Setpoint) (%) This is the zone level design temperature and is obtained from the system parameters UI for heating and cooling ( Zone loads & airflows tab - cooling and heating design zone air temperatures) A dash will appear when an ApacheHVAC file was not associated with the Room & Zone Loads calculation The setpoint of the master room within a zone obtained from the space data. The actual temperature in the master room is obtained from the.clg and.htg files. This is the actual mean radiant temperature from the.clg and.htg files This is the actual dry resultant temperature from the.clg and.htg files This parameter is shown only when a relative humidity setpoint is specified. VE 2017 ApacheHVAC User Guide part F: Loads Analysis and Reporting Tools 42

43 Room level: Supply air (design) Room Setpoint (design) Room (actual) Mean Radiant Temperature Dry Resultant Temperature RH (Design Max Setpoint) (%) This is the room level design temperature and is obtained from the system parameters UI for heating and cooling ( Room loads & airflows tab - cooling and heating design room air temperatures) A dash will appear when an ApacheHVAC file was not associated with the Room & Zone Loads calculation The setpoint of the room obtained from the space data. The actual temperature in the room is obtained from the.clg and.htg files. This is the actual mean radiant temperature from the.clg and.htg files This is the actual dry resultant temperature from the.clg and.htg files This parameter is shown only when a relative humidity setpoint is specified. VE 2017 ApacheHVAC User Guide part F: Loads Analysis and Reporting Tools 43

44 5.3.7 Airflow Figure 5-12: Airflow section of Room & Zone Loads report pages This frame reports relevant airflows at zone and room level as detailed below: Note, for rooms in zones the zone flow is distributed among the rooms as per the proportioning in the zone airflow distribution table (ZAD) Supply (design) This is the room level design airflow and is obtained from the system parameters UI for heating and cooling. ( Zone loads & Supply Airflows tab ) Reheat Minimum (design) Leakage at Design Flow Ventilation (requirement) Exhaust (requirement) Infiltration A dash will appear when an ApacheHVAC file was not associated with the Room & Zone Loads calculation This is the minimum primary airflow for the room, obtained from the system parameters UI A dash will appear when an ApacheHVAC file was not associated with the Room & Zone Loads calculation This is the room leakage airflow and is obtained by multiplying the percentage leakage by the supply design flow. A dash will appear when an ApacheHVAC file was not associated with the Room & Zone Loads calculation This is the room ventilation requirement and is taken from the system parameters dialog ( Max req. from the Zone Ventilation & Exhaust tab). A dash will appear when an ApacheHVAC file was not associated with the Room & Zone Loads calculation This is the room exhaust requirement and is taken from the system parameters dialog ( Exhaust airflow from the Zone Ventilation & Exhaust tab). A dash will appear when an ApacheHVAC file was not associated with the Room & Zone Loads calculation This is the infiltration rate for the room and is obtained from the.clg and.htg files VE 2017 ApacheHVAC User Guide part F: Loads Analysis and Reporting Tools 44

45 5.3.8 Checks Figure 5-13: Checks section of Room & Zone Loads report pages This frame provides a series of engineering checks, which can be used to verify performance at zone and room level. Number of people ft2/person Average Ceiling Height Btu/h/ft2 Cooling & Heating ft2/ton Cooling & Heating cfm/ft2 Cooling & Heating % Outdoor Air - Cooling & Heating Sourced from the space data for each room and summed to get the value at zone level. Sourced from the space data for each room and summed to get the value at zone level (room floor area and peak occupancy). Sourced directly from the room or rooms within a zone Calculated from the peak room/zone load from the *.clg or *.htg file and room/zone floor area Calculated from the peak room/zone load from the *.clg or *.htg file and room/zone floor area Calculated from the room/zone airflow from the Zone Airflow Distribution table (ZAD) and room/zone floor area A dash will appear when an ApacheHVAC file was not associated with the Room & Zone Loads calculation The necessary parameters required to calculate % outdoor air are taken from the Zone Airflow Distribution table (ZAD) (ventilation and room airflow) A dash will appear when an ApacheHVAC file was not associated with the Room & Zone Loads calculation VE 2017 ApacheHVAC User Guide part F: Loads Analysis and Reporting Tools 45

46 Outdoor air cfm/ft2 The outdoor air flow is taken from the Zone Airflow Distribution table (ZAD) (ventilation airflow) and along with floor area is used to calculate the required values. Outdoor cfm/person air A dash will appear when an ApacheHVAC file was not associated with the Room & Zone Loads calculation The outdoor air flow is taken from the Zone Airflow Distribution table (ZAD) (ventilation airflow) and along with No. of people is used to calculate the required values. A dash will appear when an ApacheHVAC file was not associated with the Room & Zone Loads calculation VE 2017 ApacheHVAC User Guide part F: Loads Analysis and Reporting Tools 46

47 6 HVAC Loads and Sizing Reports Six report types are available for loads and sizing: Project and Climate Plant Loops and Equipment Space Loads and Ventilation System Loads Zone Conditioning Loads Room Conditioning Loads These new reports types are based around a single page PDF format, with report pages organized according to a linear scheme. This means that, where applicable, the information pertaining to the building (as is the case in the Project and Climate report) or a system, zone or room (as it the case for the loads reports) are contained on a single page. This makes the interrogation of the reports quick, easy and effective. In the case of the Loops & Equipment report or the Space Loads and Ventilation report the report may overlap onto multiple pages depending on the size of the project. The header within each report references the report type (left hand side), the project name (center) and the VE version (right hand side). The following reports have additional information in the header: Space Loads and Ventilation The name of the system is displayed under the project name System Loads Report The name of the system is displayed under the project name Zone Conditioning Loads Report The name of the zone is displayed under the project name and the parent system is displayed under the report type Room Conditioning Loads Report The name of the room is displayed under the project name and the parent system and parent zone (if applicable) is displayed under the report type In each report the notes to the right hand side of the footer contains the following information: Results file name Date and time of generation Reference to the report type Page number relative to the total pages for that report type Notes specific to the report type are contained on the left hand side of the footer. For all reports where data is not available or applicable a dash (-) is used. VE 2017 ApacheHVAC User Guide part F: Loads Analysis and Reporting Tools 47

48 6.1 Project and Climate The project and climate report is the first report to be displayed unless it is unchecked. It shows a breakdown of model, location, weather and calculation data for the selected results file as well as giving a project loads summary. It is a single page report generated for each results file. It contains the following six frames: Model Data Location Data Design Weather Data Cooling Calculation Data Heating Calculation Data Project Loads Summary Figure 6-1: Project and Climate report page VE 2017 ApacheHVAC User Guide part F: Loads Analysis and Reporting Tools 48

49 Model Data: The model data frame contains the following information: Project file HVAC file Model floor area Building floor area Building Volume Number of conditioned rooms Load analysis methodology Calculated Version No. The project.mit file name The project.asp file used to generate the report Total building floor area Building conditioned floor area Building conditioned volume Total number of rooms served by a system ASHRAE Heat Balance Method as per Apache Loads Date and time of calculation IESVE Version Number Location Data: The location data frame contains the following information: Location Taken from the location & Site Data tab in ApLocate Latitude Taken from the location & Site Data tab in ApLocate Longitude Taken from the location & Site Data tab in ApLocate Altitude Taken from the location & Site Data tab in ApLocate Time Zone Taken from the location & Site Data tab in ApLocate VE 2017 ApacheHVAC User Guide part F: Loads Analysis and Reporting Tools 49

50 Design Weather Data: The design weather data frame contains the following information: Source Taken from the Design Weather Data tab in ApLocate Monthly percentile - heating Monthly percentile - cooling Barometric pressure Air density Air specific heat Density-spec heat product Summer Ground reflectance Winter Ground reflectance Carbon dioxide (ambient) Taken from the Design Weather Data tab in ApLocate Taken from the Design Weather Data tab in ApLocate This is atmospheric pressure taken from the design weather data Taken from the location & Site Data tab in ApLocate. This is one of the following: Standard value which is the same for all locations (default) Custom value which can be entered by the user Derived value. Here the user can enter elevation and reference dry bulb and relative humidity values to derive the air density Constant value of 1019J/kgK in SI and Btu/lb F in IP Product of air density and specific heat Taken from the location & Site Data tab in ApLocate Taken from the location & Site Data tab in ApLocate Taken from the location & Site Data tab in ApLocate Cooling Calculation Data: The cooling calculation data frame contains the following information: Results file Name of associated.clg file Calculated Profile Month Max. outdoor temp dry bulb Max. outdoor temp wet bulb Date and time of calculation Taken from Apache System Loads settings Taken from the Design Weather Data tab in ApLocate Taken from the Design Weather Data tab in ApLocate VE 2017 ApacheHVAC User Guide part F: Loads Analysis and Reporting Tools 50

51 Heating Calculation Data: The heating calculation data frame contains the following information: Results file Name of associated.htn file Calculated Profile Month Outdoor winter design temp Date and time of calculation Taken from Apache System Loads settings Taken from the Design Weather Data tab in ApLocate Project Loads Summary Data: The project loads summary data frame contains the following information: Cooling loads peak This is the cooling design load peak taken from the System Parameters dialog for all active systems and summed to give the project cooling load peak. Note that this may potentially be a non-coincident peak if the systems are loaded at differing times. Cooling load density This is the cooling design load density associated with the peak shown above. Heating loads peak This is the heating design load peak taken from the System Parameters dialog for all active systems and summed to give the project heating load peak. Note that this may potentially be a non-coincident peak if the systems are loaded at differing times. Heating load density This is the heating design load density associated with the peak shown above. 6.2 Plant Loops and Equipment The plant loops and equipment report is the second report to be displayed unless it is unchecked. It shows a breakdown of the water loops and equipment in the selected results file. It can flow onto multiple pages if the HVAC file contains many water loops. This report contains details for the following three water loop types: Chilled water loop; Hot water loop; Heat transfer loop Only active loops are displayed in the report. The data for each loop is contained within a single frame, which is named after the loop type and is numbered relative to the total amount of loops in the results file of that type. VE 2017 ApacheHVAC User Guide part F: Loads Analysis and Reporting Tools 51

52 Figure 6-2: Plant Loops and Equipment report page Chilled Water Loop: The chilled water loop frame contains the following information: Name Chilled water loop reference name from the.asp file Cooling capacity Chilled water loop capacity from the.asp file Primary design flow rate Chilled water loop primary flow rate from the.asp file Primary pump power Chilled water loop primary flow rate multiplied by the relevant specific pump power, both from the.asp file Secondary design flow rate Here the capacity for each coil on the secondary loop is summed and the flowrate is calculated using the loop temperature difference Secondary pump power This is the flow rate calculated above multiplied by the relevant specific pump power Condenser loop design Condenser water loop heat rejection capacity taken from capacity Condenser loop design flow rate the.asp file Condenser water loop flow rate taken from the.asp file VE 2017 ApacheHVAC User Guide part F: Loads Analysis and Reporting Tools 52

53 Condenser loop pump power Pre-cooling loop capacity Equipment name and capacities - Chiller Equipment name and capacities Cooling Tower Equipment name and capacities Fluid cooler Condenser water loop flow rate multiplied by condenser water loop specific pump power both taken from the.asp file Chilled water loop pre-cooling capacity taken from the.asp file Taken from the.asp file for each chiller: Name: Reference name from the.asp file Capacity: Design condition cooling capacity, Qdes Taken from the.asp file Name: Cooling tower (set label) Capacity: Heat rejection, Qhrdes Taken from the.asp file Name: Fluid Cooler (set label) Capacity: Heat rejection, Qhrdes Hot Water Loop: The hot water loop frame contains the following information: Name Hot water loop reference name from the.asp file Heating capacity Hot water loop capacity from the.asp file Pre-heating condenser Combination of two parameters - source multiplied by max heat recovery capacity heat recovery with HX. Source is the design capacity of either a specified part load chiller or condenser water loop. The HX parameters taken from the heat recovery dialog. Note if the user chooses an explicit heat transfer model, the calculation is source multiplied by heat exchanger design effectiveness. All parameters taken Pre-heating water to water heat pump Capacity Pre-heating air to water heat pump capacity Pre-heating combined heat & power capacity Primary design flow rate Primary pump power Secondary design flow rate from the.asp file As above but the calculation is extended due to the heat pump capacity rating i.e. Source multiplied by max. heat recovery with HX multiplied by heat pump capacity. In the case of explicit heat transfer model the calculation is: Source multiplied by heat exchanger design effectiveness X heat pump capacity as a percentage of source loop capacity. All parameters taken from the.asp file Combination of two parameters - referenced air-to-water heat pump dialog output multiplied by the percent of auto sized heat source capacity. All parameters taken from the.asp file This parameter comes from heat output in the CHP generator dialog Hot water loop primary flow rate from the.asp file Combination of two parameters - Hot water loop primary flow rate multiplied by the relevant specific pump power, both from the.asp file Here the capacity for each coil on the secondary loop is summed and the flowrate is calculated using the loop temperature difference. Thus is then summed for all secondary loops VE 2017 ApacheHVAC User Guide part F: Loads Analysis and Reporting Tools 53

54 Secondary pump power Equipment name and capacities - Boilers Combination of two parameters - Hot water loop secondary flow rate multiplied by the relevant specific pump power summed for all secondary loops Taken from the.asp file for each boiler: Name: Reference name from the.asp file Capacity: Design condition heating capacity, Qdes Heat Transfer Loop: The heat transfer loop frame contains the following information: Name Heat transfer loop reference name from the.asp file Heating capacity Heat transfer loop heating capacity from the.asp file Cooling capacity Heat transfer loop cooling capacity from the.asp file Design flow rate Heat transfer loop flowrate from the.asp file Primary pump power Combination of two parameters - flow rate multiplied by primary circuit specific pump power. All parameters taken from the.asp file Secondary pump power Combination of two parameters - flow rate multiplied by secondary circuit specific pump power. All parameters taken from the.asp file Heat acquisition - As per condenser heat recovery for hot water loops condenser heat recovery capacity Heat acquisition water As per WWHP for hot water loops to water heat pump capacity Heat acquisition air to As per AWHP for hot water loops water heat pump capacity Heat acquisition As per CHP for hot water loops combined heat & power thermal capacity Water-source heat Heat transfer loop water-source heat exchanger heating exchanger - heating capacity from the.asp file capacity Water-source heat exchanger - cooling capacity Heating equipment capacity - Boilers Heat rejection equipment capacity Cooling tower Heat rejection equipment capacity Fluid cooler Heat transfer loop water-source heat exchanger heating capacity from the.asp file Taken from the.asp file for each boiler: Name: Reference name from the.asp file Capacity: Design condition heating capacity, Qdes Taken from the.asp file Name: Cooling tower (set label) Capacity: Heat rejection, Qhrdes Taken from the.asp file Name: Fluid Cooler (set label) Capacity: Heat rejection, Qhrdes VE 2017 ApacheHVAC User Guide part F: Loads Analysis and Reporting Tools 54

55 6.3 Space Loads and Ventilation The space loads and ventilation report is the third report to be displayed unless it is unchecked. This report shows a high-level breakdown of the space loads and ventilation values for each system within the results file. It can flow onto multiple pages if the HVAC file contains more than one system. The data shown in this table is consistent with that shown for the Zone Airflow Distribution table within ApacheHVAC, and thus includes only those spaces/zones assigned to Principal Room/Zone components. Therefore, the Space Loads and Ventilation report is a summary of loads for the Principal Room/Zone spaces on each system, and not a listing of coil loads, which might include additional loads for non-principal spaces, outdoor air ventilation, etc. It should be noted that this table is populated via the ApacheHVAC.asp file either via the system loads run results (.clg file or.htn file) or the via the Room & Zone Loads run results (.clg or.htg file) depending on the level being reported. The report also shows zone and room level loads and airflows. Zone loads are the coincident peak for all rooms in each zone, and are set by the Room & Zone Loads run. Zone airflows are the zone cooling and heating max airflows from the System Parameters UI. Room level loads data in the table are the noncoincident peak value from the Room & Zone Loads run for the room. Both Room Loads and Zone Loads (the coincident peak for the rooms in each zone) in this report are populated from the System Parameters dialog and Zone Airflow Distribution table in the.asp file. These values are typically generated from the Room & Zone loads analysis run i.e., normally using saturated gain profiles, without diversity factors, and before any influence from system operation and controls. System Loads in this report are coincident peak values from the System loads analysis run i.e., normally using the same gain profiles and diversity factors as in the full dynamic simulation, and including the influences of system operation and controls. One report is shown per system with the system name in the header. In the case of PTAC and Single Zone systems the name also includes a layer number for easier cross reference. VE 2017 ApacheHVAC User Guide part F: Loads Analysis and Reporting Tools 55

56 Figure 6-3: Space Loads and Ventilation report page VE 2017 ApacheHVAC User Guide part F: Loads Analysis and Reporting Tools 56

57 System Level: The following information is provided for the system: Sensible Cooling Load Coincident peak value from the System Loads run for all zones on the system Latent Cooling Load Coincident peak value from the System Loads run for all zones on the system Total Cooling load (also Sum of the above provided per unit floor area) Cooling Airflow (also The system airflow peak from the System Loads run at the provided per unit floor time of peak cooling load area) Heating load (also provided per unit floor area) Heating Airflow (also provided per unit floor area) Outdoor Airflow Req. (also provided per unit floor area) Min OA Airflow (also provided per unit floor area) Coincident peak value from the System Loads run for all zones on the system The system airflow peak from the System Loads run at the time of peak heating load This is system minimum outdoor ventilation requirement before considering the possibility of a greater requirement for outside air to make up for total system exhaust airflow and is equivalent to Vot in the System Parameters UI Minimum outdoor air from the System Loads run at cooling vs. heating peak times VE 2017 ApacheHVAC User Guide part F: Loads Analysis and Reporting Tools 57

58 Zone Level: The following information is provided for each zone served by the system: Sensible Cooling Load Coincident peak value from the Room & Zone Loads run as recorded in the System Parameters dialog, subject to user edit, for all rooms in the zone Latent Cooling Load Coincident peak value from the Room & Zone Loads run as recorded in the System Parameters dialog, subject to user edit for all rooms in the zone Total Cooling load (also Sum of the above provided per unit floor area) Cooling Airflow (also The Zone Cooling Max Airflow from the System provided per unit floor Parameters UI area) Heating load (also provided per unit floor area) Heating Airflow (also provided per unit floor area) Outdoor Airflow Req. (also provided per unit floor area) Min OA Airflow (also provided per unit floor area) Coincident peak value from the Room & Zone Loads run as recorded in the System Parameters dialog, subject to user edit for all rooms in the zone The Zone Heating Max Airflow from the System Parameters UI Zone Ventilation Max/Total Required from the System Parameters UI Minimum outdoor air from the System Loads run at cooling vs. heating peak times Figure 6-4: Zone Airflow Distribution table showing a system 7a with completed system sizing and user edits (orange text) and a system 5b with completed room & zone level sizing, but without completed system sizing (blue text). All autosized values appear in green text. VE 2017 ApacheHVAC User Guide part F: Loads Analysis and Reporting Tools 58

59 Room Level: The following information is provided for each room served by the system: Sensible Cooling Load Peak value from the Room & Zone Loads run as recorded in the System Parameters dialog, subject to user edit for the room Latent Cooling Load Peak value from the Room & Zone Loads run as recorded in the System Parameters dialog, subject to user edit for the room Total Cooling load (also Sum of the above provided per unit floor area) Cooling Airflow (also The Zone Cooling Max Airflow from the System provided per unit floor Parameters UI multiplied by the room airflow apportioning area) factor (%) as per the Zone Airflow Distribution table. Heating load (also Peak value from the Room & Zone Loads run for the room provided per unit floor area) Heating Airflow (also provided per unit floor area) The Zone Heating Max Airflow from the System Parameters UI multiplied by the room airflow apportioning factor (%) as per the Zone Airflow Distribution table 6.4 Space Conditioning Loads Reports The space conditioning loads reports show the breakdown of a system at three different levels across a series of single page reports. The three levels shown are System Zone Room If HVAC zones do not exist in the model then this report will not be available for generation. If they exist only for a select number of systems within the model then only the reports relevant to these systems will contain zone level reports. System Loads, Zone Loads, and Room Loads values in this set of three reports are taken from the System loads analysis run at the time of the relevant peaking device or system load i.e., normally using the same gain profiles and diversity factors as in the full dynamic simulation, and including the influences of system operation and controls. These reports are thus focused on documenting contributions to system and coils loads and the differences between design airflow rates, ventilation requirements, and temperature and the actual values for these during the System loads analysis run with the system in operation. The reports are split into three columns, which are further split into relevant frames within each column as follows: VE 2017 ApacheHVAC User Guide part F: Loads Analysis and Reporting Tools 59

60 Cooling Cooling coil peak This is the breakdown of all the gains and losses contributing to the peak coil load (as selected in the report generator settings) System/Zone/Room peak This is an equivalent breakdown at the system/zone/room peak time depending on the report level Cooling coils and room units This shows peak performance information of associated coils and room units relevant to the report level Heating Heating coil peak This is the breakdown of all the gains and losses contributing to the peak coil load (as selected in the report generator settings) Heating coils and room units This shows peak performance information of associated coils and room units relevant to the report level Supplementary information Areas Areas served by the system broken down cross all three levels Temperatures System temperatures relevant to the level Airflow System airflows relevant to the level Checks System checks relevant to the level The following images show an example of a system, zone and room loads report. VE 2017 ApacheHVAC User Guide part F: Loads Analysis and Reporting Tools 60

61 Figure 6-5: System Loads report page VE 2017 ApacheHVAC User Guide part F: Loads Analysis and Reporting Tools 61

62 Figure 6-6: Zone Conditioning Loads report page VE 2017 ApacheHVAC User Guide part F: Loads Analysis and Reporting Tools 62

63 Figure 6-7: Room Conditioning Loads report page VE 2017 ApacheHVAC User Guide part F: Loads Analysis and Reporting Tools 63

64 6.4.1 Cooling Coil Peak Figure 6-8: Cooling Coil Peak section of System, Zone, and Loads report pages This frame itemizes gains contributing to the load on a cooling coil at a peak time associated with the peaking device as selected in the report generator settings. The name of this frame is dynamic and will update depending on the peaking device selected. This frame is broken down across the series of rows and columns, which are detailed as follows: VE 2017 ApacheHVAC User Guide part F: Loads Analysis and Reporting Tools 64

65 Rows (reported gain classes): Envelope Gains/Losses These are the gains/losses associated with the envelope e.g. external walls, roofs, solar, ventilation associated with the envelope, etc. Internal Building Gains/Losses These the gains/losses associated with the internal structures and other gain/losses from exchange between neighbouring elements like duct leakage, conduction and non-principle spaces Internal Gains These the gains/losses associated with internal contributions within the room/zone e.g. lights, people, equipment Mechanical Gains/Losses These are gains/losses associated with mechanical elements within the system itself Columns: Zone/Room These are the gains/losses associated with the room or zone itself (aggregated at system and zone level as appropriate) RA Plenum The RA Plenum column lists the gains/losses associated with the particular Room/Zone at hand accruing directly to the RA Plenum (or a portion of such gains where the plenum is shared). These gains include, for example, Lighting Gains fraction to plenum for lights in that particular Room/Zone, Supply Air Leakage and Duct Heat Gain/Loss Net Value These are the gains/losses that directly contribute to the coil load and in most cases are a sum of the system/zone/room column and the plenum column. However, there are exceptions, which will be detailed below. Percent of total Displays, for each row, the value in the adjacent Net Value column expressed as a percentage of the total appearing at the bottom of that column (or a dash if the Net Value column contains a dash). Where appropriate the room level gains/losses are aggregated to zone level and to system level. The peak time of the selected peaking device is shown at the top of this frame along with the outside air dry bulb (DB), outside air wet bulb (WB) and the outside air relative humidity (RH) at that time. VE 2017 ApacheHVAC User Guide part F: Loads Analysis and Reporting Tools 65

66 Envelope Gains/Losses: External Walls Roofs Ground/Exposed Floors External Doors Windows Conduction Skylight Conduction Solar Infiltration Nat/Aux Vent Conduction gain - external wall from the.clg file Conduction gain roof from the.clg file Conduction gain - ground floor from the.clg file Conduction gain external doors from the.clg file Conduction gain - external glazing from the.clg file Conduction gain rooflights from the.clg file Solar gain from the.clg file Infiltration gain from the.clg file Natural vent gain + Aux mech vent gain from the.clg file Internal Building Gains/Losses: Internal Walls/ Openings Conduction gain - internal wall + Conduction gain - internal door + Conduction gain - internal glazed from the.clg file Internal Floors/Air/Furn. Conduction gain floor + Air & furniture dynamic gain from the.clg file Ceilings Conduction gain ceiling from the.clg file Duct Conduction Duct conduction gain from the.clg file. This contributes to the Net Total column. If the duct is contained within the same control volume (i.e., within the subject conditioned space), the space gain will be cancelled by an equal loss reported on the SA Duct (conduction) line in mechanical gains/losses Duct Leakage Duct leakage sensible gain from the.clg file. This reports the gain to subject space in Room/Zone column and gain to RA Plenum serving the subject space in the RA Plenum column where appropriate depending on the leakage configuration in the HVAC file. As designated by the dagger, duct Leakage gain does not contribute to the Net Value column because it is either internal to the control volume or already included in the ventilation gain terms. Note: not to be confused with SA Duct Leakage in Mechanical Gains/Losses section. Non-Principal Spaces This is the sensible gains (other than mechanical ventilation gains) to voids and zones/rooms other than principal zones/rooms and their associated plenums. Calculated from the flowrate into and the temperature across the non-principle space. Any duct leakage sensible gain is deducted from this figure Internal Gains: Lights People Misc,Computers,Equip Lighting gain from the.clg file People gain from the.clg file Equipment gain from the.clg file VE 2017 ApacheHVAC User Guide part F: Loads Analysis and Reporting Tools 66

67 The budget method makes use of known quantities to determine unknown ones in air flow networks. It describes a system as a control volume which has inlets and outlets. Net mass flow into a control volume is zero (that is, outflow is balanced with inflow). Heat flowing into and out of a control volume is tracked by noting the inlet and outlet temperatures. In addition to the heat flowing into and out of the control volume, all gains are tracked within the volume. Unknown gains can be determined via difference based upon these known heat flows. Mechanical Gains/Losses: Ventilation (sensible) This is the net sensible heat added to the system by mechanical ventilation. At zone level it is apportioned to the zone based on the proportion of sensible gains in the multiplex layer (all envelope, internal, non-principle, mechanical and the subject coil if it s in the multiplex) compared to the sum of the gains for all layers. Transfer Air SA Duct Leakage Fans At room level it is apportioned based on the airflow percentages from the Zone Airflow Distribution table (ZAD). This is the gain attributable to the intake of air drawn from other spaces. As designated by the dagger symbol ( ), Transfer Air is not reported in the Net Value column, as it is moving air and thus loads around within the scope of the peaking system coil loads. The contribution is calculated from the transfer air parameters (flow, transfer air temperature and room cooling setpoint) set in the relevant layer of the relevant system. This is the gain attributable to the additional load resulting from air leakage from supply ducts. As designated by the dagger, this is not reported in the Net Value column. If the peaking device is at zone or room level this parameter is not reported as contribution to supply air is assumed to be upstream of the zone coil. The contribution is calculated from the leakage parameters (leakage %, flow, supply air temperature and room cooling setpoint) set in the relevant layer of the relevant system. This is the heat gain from fans i.e. sensible gains from fans in the zone/room multiplex layer, plus a portion of gains from fans at system level all apportioned and aggregated. The contribution is calculated from the fan parameters i.e. flow and temperature difference across the fan. VE 2017 ApacheHVAC User Guide part F: Loads Analysis and Reporting Tools 67

68 SA Duct (conduction) Supply Air Plenum Room Units, Coils, etc. Latent Cooling This is the conduction heat gain to ducts (and thus to supply air on route to the subject space). This gain represents a transfer of heat to the system from a space (possibly the exterior space). If that space is in the same system, or the same zone, it will be balanced in the system or zone account by an equal loss from that space (part of the space s Duct conduction gain, see above). If the space is exterior or in a different system, the gain constitutes a net gain to the control volume. The sensible gain is calculated from the temperature difference across the duct component and the mass flow entering it, as leakage is assumed to occur at the duct outlet. This is the sensible gain to the supply air plenum if one exists. The gain is calculated from flow and temperature difference characteristics (accounting for the duct conduction gain) as well as accounting for any leakage. Sensible gain from eligible components, other than the peaking device, in the zone/room multiplex layer, plus a portion of gains from components at the system level all apportioned and aggregated. Eligible components are room units, Monodraught heater batteries, heating and cooling coils, Colorcoat Renew solar collectors, spray humidifiers (negative gain) and steam humidifiers (positive gain) and ducts. The latent load on the cooling coil, taken the component output variable in the.clg file VE 2017 ApacheHVAC User Guide part F: Loads Analysis and Reporting Tools 68

69 Dehumid Oversizing This parameter is intended to report the additional coil capacity resulting specifically from the cooling of the supply air, as driven by system or zone setpoints for max RH, to a temperature below the SAT required for sensible space cooling, which is then followed immediately by reheating of the supply airflow to the SAT for space cooling. This added capacity for dehum followed by reheat (which may be accomplished by a heat pipe, runaround coil, or similar means between the AHU cooling and heating coils, with the heating coil as backup) is required to avoid overcooling any space already at min airflow as an unintended consequence of controlling humidity. This should not be confused with the Latent Cooling parameter above. This is essentially AHU reheat load (reheat by AHU heating coil or other device immediately after the AHU cooling coil). This should be permitted only for sub-cooling the supply air to satisfy dehumidification requirements, as it would otherwise be a pointless waste of cooling and heating energy. As designated by the dagger, this is not reported in the Net Value column. In the case of plenums, for a principal room (in a Room Loads Report) or a principal zone (in a Zone Loads Report) which has a dedicated RA plenum in the same multiplex layer, the RA Plenum column lists, in each row, the total gain to the RA plenum. For a room which forms part of a zone with a dedicated RA plenum in the same multiplex layer, the RA Plenum column lists, in each row, a portion of the total gain to the RA plenum. In this case the gain is distributed among the rooms for reporting purposes in the usual proportions (based on air supply to the rooms), with the exception that any lighting gain via light fittings is apportioned to the room from which it originates. For a principal room (in a Room Loads Report) or a principal zone (in a Zone Loads Report) which shares an RA plenum with other principal rooms or zones in the same multiplex the gains are distributed as per the apportioning logic for the room/zone column. For a System Report, the RA Plenum column lists the total gains accruing directly to RA Plenums associated with all principal rooms or zones in the system. Note: any spaces - including RA plenums that are not in a multiplex do not generate gains in the RA Plenum column. Their gains contribute to Non-Principal Spaces gains for the air handling system. VE 2017 ApacheHVAC User Guide part F: Loads Analysis and Reporting Tools 69

70 6.4.2 Cooling System/Zone/Room Peak Figure 6-9: Cooling System/Zone/Room Peak section of System, Zone, and Loads report pages This section is headed Room Peak in Room Loads Reports, Zone Peak in Zone Loads Reports and System Peak in System Loads Reports. It itemizes gains (reported gain classes) to a room or zone (or a set of rooms or zones in the case of a System Loads Report) at the time of peak room cooling. This is defined as when the variable Space conditioning sensible for the subject room (or in the case of Zone and System Loads Reports multiple rooms or zones) totaled over all the relevant rooms or zones, is at its maximum negative value. The derivations of entries in this part of the report (under the column headings Room and Percent of Total ) follow the same procedures as those in the... COOLING... PEAK section, with the following exceptions: Mechanical Gains/Losses these do not apply and are reported as dashes ( ). Values in the Percent of Total column refer to the adjacent values in the (Sensible) column. VE 2017 ApacheHVAC User Guide part F: Loads Analysis and Reporting Tools 70

71 6.4.3 Heating Coil Peak Figure 6-10: Heating Coil Peak section of System, Zone, and Loads report pages This section itemizes gains (reported gain classes) contributing to the load on a heating coil or other heating device at a peak time specified in the report generator settings. As with the cooing coil peak, this determines the wording of the header. The derivations of entries in this part of the report (under the headings Room (or Zone ) RA Plenum and Net Total ) follow the same procedures as those in the cooling coil peak section, with the following exceptions: VE 2017 ApacheHVAC User Guide part F: Loads Analysis and Reporting Tools 71

72 Inputs are taken from the.htn file rather than the.clg file. So long as the Default box is checked in the Heating Loads section of the ASHRAE Loads dialog, the Time of peak on the report shall display Heating Design. Setpoints are used in the calculation of some of the mechanical gains/losses, in this case these are heating setpoints rather than cooling setpoints. The rows for Latent Cooling Load and Dehumid Oversizing are not relevant and therefore are omitted Cooling Coils and Room Units Figure 6-11: Cooling Coils and Room Units section of System, Zone, and Loads report pages This frame shows the design values for the cooling coils and cooling room units in the system. Devices at system level are shown on the system report and their proportional contribution at zone and room level are shown on those reports. Devices at zone level are shown on the zone report and their proportional contribution at room level is shown on the room level report. The following cooling devices are reported: System cooling coil Ventilation cooling coil Indirect and direct evaporative cooling FCU, FPB or Active beam Room units. In this case only the capacity and entering/leaving water temperatures are shown The oversizing toggle affects the capacities displayed in this frame and a note directly under the frame indicates if oversizing has been included or not. VE 2017 ApacheHVAC User Guide part F: Loads Analysis and Reporting Tools 72

73 Total Capacity Sensible Capacity Airflow Entering DB/WB/RH Leaving DB/WB/RH This is the total capacity taken from the.asp file. In the case of evaporative cooling this is calculated from conditions in the.clg file This is the sensible capacity. The proportion of total to sensible is obtained from the.clg file and this is then applied to the total from the.asp to get the design sensible capacity This is the airflow from the.asp file. When the.asp is not a valid source it is taken from the.clg file This is the entering conditions from the.asp file. When the.asp is not a valid source the values are taken from the.clg file This is the leaving conditions from the.asp file. When the.asp is not a valid source the values are taken from the.clg file Heating Coils and Room Units Figure 6-12: Heating Coils and Room Units section of System, Zone, and Loads report pages This frame shows the design values for the heating coils and heating room units in the system. Devices at system level are shown on the system report and their proportional contribution at zone and room level are shown on those reports. Devices at zone level are shown on the zone report and their proportional contribution at room level is shown on the room level report. The following heating devices are reported: System heating coil Ventilation heating coil Pre-heat coil Re-heat coil FCU, FPB or Active beam Room units. In this case only the capacity and entering/leaving water temperatures are shown VE 2017 ApacheHVAC User Guide part F: Loads Analysis and Reporting Tools 73

74 The oversizing toggle affects the capacities displayed in this frame and the same note referenced in the cooling coil and room units frame indicates if oversizing has been included or not. Total Capacity Airflow Entering DB Leaving DB This is the total capacity taken from the.asp file This is the airflow from the.asp file. When the.asp is not a valid source it is taken from the.htn file This is the entering dry bulb from the.asp file. When the.asp is not a valid source the values are taken from the.htn file This is the leaving dry bulb from the.asp file. When the.asp is not a valid source the values are taken from the.htn file Areas Figure 6-13: Areas section of System, Zone, and Loads report pages This frame details the gross surface areas of the zones or rooms served by the system. These are then summed to give the areas at system level. The frame also outlines the glazing area in the relevant surfaces and shows this as a percentage. VE 2017 ApacheHVAC User Guide part F: Loads Analysis and Reporting Tools 74

75 Wall Roof External Floor Door Partition/Door Internal Ceiling Internal Floor External wall area + external glazing area (excluding doors and holes) External glass area in associated wall as area and percentage of gross wall area External roof area + external skylight area (excluding holes) External skylight area in associated roof as area and percentage of gross roof area Area of ground and exposed floors External door area Internal vertical partition and door area (including glazing & holes) Internal ceiling area Internal floor area Temperatures Figure 6-14: Temperatures section of System, Zone, and Loads report pages This frame reports relevant temperatures at system, zone and room level. The parameters change depending on the reporting level. VE 2017 ApacheHVAC User Guide part F: Loads Analysis and Reporting Tools 75

76 System level: Note, where appropriate the data source is at the time of peak system cooling and heating loads, respectively (coincident peak value for all zones on the system). Supply air (design) Supply air (actual) Return air (actual) Plenum (actual) Mixed air (actual) This is the system level design temperature and is obtained from the systems parameters UI for heating and cooling as follows: If a Packaged terminal unit or single zone this is taken from the Zone loads & airflows tab (cooling and heating design zone air temperatures) If a non-doas system this is taken from the System Parameters dialog in SP. (Cooling - System min SAT for space cooling & vent tempering, Heating - Heating mode max SAT ) If DOAS then it references DOAS ventilation air tempering max SAT (subject to SAT reset) for cooling and DOAS ventilation air tempering min SAT for heating. The actual system supply temperature is obtained from the.clg and.htn respectively. This is determined by querying the following nodes: Packaged and single zone systems: node entering the room/zone All other system: node just before the multiplex boundary The actual system return temperature is obtained from the.clg and.htn respectively. This is determined by querying the following nodes: Packaged and single zone systems: node leaving the room/zone All other system: node to the RHS of the RA damper Not applicable at system level therefore is shown as a dash (-) The actual system mixing temperature is taken from the.clg and.htn and references the mixing damper outlet node. VE 2017 ApacheHVAC User Guide part F: Loads Analysis and Reporting Tools 76

77 Fan Motor Temp Rise (dt) This is the temperature rise due to the motor and is given by: ΔT M = Q F (V)(1 η M (V)) η M (V)ρVc p Where, Q F (V) - is the total fan power at time of peak flowrate V. η M (V) - is the motor efficiency at peak flow rate V, Fan Blade Temp Rise (dt) ρ and c p - are the reference air density and specific heat capacity of air respectively This is the heat rise due to the fan (everything that isn t the motor and the drive mechanism) and is given by: ΔT F = ΔT ΔT M. Fan Configuration Where - ΔTΔT F is determined by querying the node either side of the system level fan This is determined based on the relative location of the system cooling coil and the supply fan, see section Error! eference source not found. for further information Zone level: Note, where appropriate the data source is at the time of peak zone cooling and heating loads, respectively (coincident peak value for all rooms in each zone). Supply air (design) This is the zone level design temperature and is obtained from the system parameters UI for heating and cooling ( Zone loads & airflows tab - cooling and heating design zone air temperatures) Supply air (actual) The actual zone supply temperature is obtained from the.clg and.htn. This is determined by querying the node entering the zone Return air (actual) The actual zone return temperature is obtained from the.clg and.htn. This is determined by querying the node leaving the zone Plenum (actual) This is the actual plenum temperature obtained from the.clg and.htn. This is determined by querying the node directly downstream of the plenum component Mixed air (actual) Same as the system mixing temperature Zone Fan Temp Rise (dt) This parameter is shown only when there is a zone-level fan, such as in a fan-coil unit or FPB. At zone level the reports show the complete fan temp rise which is obtained from the.clg and.htn file VE 2017 ApacheHVAC User Guide part F: Loads Analysis and Reporting Tools 77

78 Room level: Note, where appropriate the data source is at the time of peak room cooling and heating loads, respectively. Supply air (design) This is the room level design temperature and is obtained from the systems parameters UI for heating and cooling ( Zone loads & airflows tab - cooling and heating design zone air temperatures). Note that for rooms in zones, this is the same for each room. Supply air (actual) The actual room supply temperature is obtained from the.clg and.htn. This is determined by querying the node entering the room. Note that for rooms in zones, this is the same for each room. Room Setpoint (design) This is obtained from the Systems Schedules and Setpoints dialog Room throttling range This is currently blank (not reported) and may be included in future versions Room (actual) The room temperature is obtained from the.clg and.htn Return air (actual) The actual room return temperature is obtained from the.clg and.htn. This is determined by querying the node leaving the room. Note that for rooms in zones, this is the same for each room. Plenum (actual) This is the actual plenum temperature obtained from the.clg and.htn. This is determined by querying the node directly downstream of the plenum component. Note that for rooms in zones, this is the same for each room. Mixed air (actual) Same as the system mixing temperature Zone Fan Temp Rise (dt) This parameter is shown only when there is a room-level fan, such as in a fan-coil unit or FPB. This is not applicable for rooms in zones and is therefore a dash (-). At room level the reports show the complete fan temp rise which is obtained from the.clg and.htn file. VE 2017 ApacheHVAC User Guide part F: Loads Analysis and Reporting Tools 78

79 6.4.8 Airflow Figure 6-15: Airflow section of System, Zone, and Loads report pages This frame reports relevant airflows at system, zone and room level. The parameters change depending on the reporting level. VE 2017 ApacheHVAC User Guide part F: Loads Analysis and Reporting Tools 79

80 System level: Note, where appropriate the data source is at the time of peak system cooling and heating loads, respectively (coincident peak value for all zones on the system). Supply (design) Supply (actual) This is the system level design airflow and is obtained from the system parameters UI for heating and cooling ( Zone loads & Supply Airflows tab for package and single zone systems or System supply fan design flow rate, Vpsd for all other systems) The actual system supply airflow is obtained from the.clg and.htn respectively. This is determined by querying the following nodes: Packaged and single zone systems: node entering the room/zone All other systems: node just before the multiplex boundary Reheat Minimum (design) Leakage at Design Flow Return (actual) Exhaust and Relief (actual) Ventilation (requirement) These will normally be coincident with the time systemlevel coincident peak cooling and heating loads for all zones, respectively. There are certain cases for particular systems, control schemes, and climates, however, wherein the greatest system airflow in either Cooling or Heating mode will be required at a point in time that does not coincide with the peak loads for one or both of these operating modes. The reported values will always be the maximum airflow recorded during the Cooling and Heating design sizing runs, respectively, regardless of coincidence with peak loads This is the minimum primary airflow for each zone, obtained from the system parameters UI, summed to get the system value This is the zone leakage airflow, which is obtained by multiplying the percentage leakage by the zone supply design flow and summed to get the system value. If the leakage occurs at system level then this is calculated with system values. The actual system return airflow is obtained from the.clg and.htn respectively. This is determined by querying the following nodes: Packaged and single zone systems: node leaving the room/zone All other system: node to the RHS of the RA damper This is the flow out of all the system outlets summed This is the system ventilation requirement and is taken from the System Parameters dialog ( System minimum outdoor air intake, Vot/make-up ) VE 2017 ApacheHVAC User Guide part F: Loads Analysis and Reporting Tools 80

81 Ventilation (actual) This is the actual system ventilation and is obtained from the.clg and.htn respectively. The source of this data varies depending on the system configuration i.e. DOAS - Heat recovery bypass damper outlet if present, else the system air inlet Package terminal unit and single zone - Multiplex boundary node for incoming outdoor air supply. The system in this case is the same as the zone. There may not be an actual inlet component if the user has coupled the PTAC/PTHP inlet to another system Mixing Systems - Flow rate at heat recovery bypass damper outlet if present, else OA Economizer damper inlet if present Infiltration Note that a flag has been provided to indicate DCV. This uses dynamic text to append DCV to the Ventilation (actual) label, so that this would read Ventilation (actual) DCV for any system with DCV The infiltration rate for all room/zones is obtained from the.clg and.htn and summed to give the system level value VE 2017 ApacheHVAC User Guide part F: Loads Analysis and Reporting Tools 81

82 Zone level: Note, where appropriate the data source is at the time of peak zone cooling and heating loads, respectively (coincident peak value for all rooms in each zone) Supply (design) This is the zone level design airflow and is obtained from the system parameters UI for heating and cooling. ( Zone loads & Supply Airflows tab ) Supply (actual) This is the actual system supply airflow into the zone and is obtained from the.clg and.htn. This is determined by querying the node entering the zone Reheat Minimum This is the minimum primary airflow for the zone, obtained (design) from the system parameters UI Leakage at Design Flow This is the zone leakage airflow and is obtained by multiplying the percentage leakage by the supply design flow Return (actual) This is the actual zone return airflow and is obtained from the.clg and.htn. This is determined by querying the node leaving the zone Exhaust (actual) This is the flow on the zone exhaust path obtained from the.clg and.htn respectively Ventilation (requirement) This is the zone ventilation requirement and is taken from the system parameters dialog ( Max req. from the Zone Ventilation & Exhaust tab) Ventilation (actual) This is the actual zone ventilation and is obtained from the.clg and.htn respectively. The source of this data varies depending on the system configuration i.e. DOAS - Flow at node for controller with DOAS Vent Airflow or DOAS Vent Airflow CAV/DCV link Package terminal unit and single zone - Flow rate at multiplex boundary node for incoming outdoor air supply. This may not be an actual inlet component if the user has coupled the PTAC/PTHP inlet to another system Mixing Systems - Flow is determined by determining the system OA fraction (OA flow rate system level divided by total system supply flow rate). This is then multiplied by the zone supply (actual) peak airflow to get the ventilation actual flow to the zone Infiltration Note that a flag has been provided to indicate DCV. This uses dynamic text to append DCV to the Ventilation (actual) label, so that this would read Ventilation (actual) DCV for any system with DCV This is the infiltration rate for the zone and is obtained from the.clg and.htn VE 2017 ApacheHVAC User Guide part F: Loads Analysis and Reporting Tools 82

83 Room level: Note, where appropriate the data source is at the time of peak room cooling and heating loads, respectively. In addition, for rooms in zones the zone flow is distributed among the rooms as per the proportioning in the zone airflow distribution table (ZAD) Supply (design) Supply (actual) Reheat Minimum (design) Leakage at Design Flow Return (actual) Exhaust (actual) Ventilation (requirement) Ventilation (actual) Infiltration This is the room level design airflow and is obtained from the system parameters UI for heating and cooling. ( Zone loads & Supply Airflows tab ) This is the actual system supply airflow into the room and is obtained from the.clg and.htn. This is determined by querying the node entering the room This is the minimum primary airflow for the room, obtained from the system parameters UI This is the room leakage airflow and is obtained by multiplying the percentage leakage by the supply design flow. This is the actual room return airflow and is obtained from the.clg and.htn. This is determined by querying the node leaving the room This is the flow on the room exhaust path obtained from the.clg and.htn respectively This is the room ventilation requirement and is taken from the system parameters dialog ( Max req. from the Zone Ventilation & Exhaust tab). This is the actual room ventilation and is obtained from the.clg and.htn respectively. The source of this is the same as for zones. This is the infiltration rate for the room and is obtained from the.clg and.htn VE 2017 ApacheHVAC User Guide part F: Loads Analysis and Reporting Tools 83

84 6.4.9 Checks Figure 6-16: Checks section of System, Zone, and Loads report pages This frame provides a series of engineering checks, which can be used to verify performance at system, zone and room level. Most of these checks already exist in the system parameters UI and are sourced from there. Number of people ft2/person Btu/hr.ft2 Cooling & Heating ft2/ton Cooling & Heating Sourced from the system parameters UI for each zone and summed to get the value at system level. (Zone airflow, turndown & engineering checks tab). In the case of rooms within zones the value is taken directly from the room. Sourced from the system parameters UI for each zone (Zone airflow, turndown & engineering checks tab). This data is then used to calculate system level value. In the case of rooms within zones the value is calculated directly from room parameters (room floor area and peak occupancy) Sourced from the system parameters UI for each zone (Zone airflow, turndown & engineering checks tab). This data is then used to calculate system level value. In the case of rooms within zones the value is calculated directly from room parameters (room load from the Zone Airflow Distribution table (ZAD) and room floor area) Sourced from the system parameters UI for each zone (Zone airflow, turndown & engineering checks tab). This data is then used to calculate system level value. In the case of rooms within zones the value is calculated directly from room parameters (room load from the Zone Airflow Distribution table (ZAD) and room floor area) VE 2017 ApacheHVAC User Guide part F: Loads Analysis and Reporting Tools 84