IR-4 Ornamental Horticulture Program V Crop Safety

Transcription

1 IR-4 Ornamental Horticulture Program V Crop Safety Authors: Cristi L. Palmer and Ely Vea Date: April 30, 2009 Acknowledgements Lori Harrison Karen Sims 1

2 Table of Contents Table of Contents... 2 Table of Tables... 3 Abstract... 4 Introduction... 5 Materials and Methods... 5 Results and Summary... 5 Phytotoxicity... 5 Label Suggestions Appendix 1: Protocols Appendix 2: Contributing Researchers Appendix 3: Submitted Data

3 Table of Tables Table 1. List of V G treated crops with no or minimal transitory injury....6 Table 2. List of V G treated crops with no or minimal transitory injury seen at the 1X rate, but the 2X or 4X rate did cause significant phytotoxicity...6 Table 3. List of V G treated crops exhibiting significant injury....6 Table 4. List of V G treated crops where more information is needed....6 Table 5. List of V WDG treated crops with no or minimal transitory injury....7 Table 6. List of V WDG treated crops with no or minimal transitory injury seen at the 1X rate, but the 2X or 4X rate did cause significant phytotoxicity...7 Table 7. List of V WDG treated crops exhibiting significant injury....7 Table 8. List of V WDG treated crops where more information is needed....8 Table 9. Detailed Summary of 2006 Crop Safety Testing with V G...9 Table 10. Detailed Summary of 2006 Crop Safety Testing with V WG

4 Abstract From 2006 to 2008, IR-4 conducted 216 trials with V G and V WDG (imazasulfuron) on over 50 crops. This research was undertaken to determine the level of crop safety these formulations have when used as over-the-top applications. The imazasulfuron rates were 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 pounds active ingredient per acre (lb ai per A) as the 1X, 2X and 4X rates. Of the tested crop and formulations, only 14 exhibited no or minimal transient injury after application at all three rates. Twelve species for V G and 19 for V WDG exhibited phytotoxicity at even the 0.5 lb ai per acre rate. 4

5 Introduction Control of broadleaved weeds and sedges in the production of woody and herbaceous perennials can be problematic because nurseries grow many different types of plants and not all genera or species are listed on labels. These weeds can also be difficult to control in landscape settings for the same reason. A new herbicide imazasulfuron in two formulations, V G and V WDG, were tested between 2006 and 2008 on over 50 different plant species. Materials and Methods Two applications of either V G or V WDG (imazasulfuron) were made approximately 4 or 6 weeks apart. The application rates were 2, 4, and 8 lb ai per A, plus a water treated control. A minimum of four plants (replicate treatments) were required with many researchers exceeding this minimum. Phytotoxicity was recorded on a scale of 0 to 10 (0 = No phytotoxicity; 10 = Complete kill) at 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after initial application. Some researchers also included readings 3 to 4 days after the initial and second applications. For more detailed materials and methods, please see Appendix 1: Protocols. V G and V WDG were supplied to researchers (See list of researchers in Appendix 2) by Valent. Results and Summary Phytotoxicity Based on the type and nature of injury seen with V G and V WDG applications in the research conducted in 2006, tested plant species were placed into three categories: 1) no significant phytotoxicity or growth differences from the untreated check or any injury was transitory, 2) no or minimal transitory injury seen at the 1X rate, but the 2X and/or 4X rates did cause significant phytotoxicity, 3) Significant injury sufficient to recommend growers not utilize this product, 4) more data is needed to make informed recommendations. Out of the 43 genera/species tested through IR-4, only 5 treated with V G exhibited no or minimal negative impact on a wide range of plant species (Table 1). Some minimal injury may be acceptable for growers if applications are made several weeks to months in advance of crop sale particularly for woody ornamental crops. The only species where this seemed to apply was for Buxus (Table 2). Twelve crops exhibited damage sufficient to recommend growers not utilize V WDG as an over-the-top treatment (Table 3). Twenty-five crops require additional data points to clarify recommendations (Table 4). Of these, 21 crops did exhibit no or minimal transitory injury in one or two trials. Please see Table 9 for a list of individual trial summaries on V WDG. 5

6 Table 1. List of V G treated crops with no or minimal transitory injury. Acer Buddleia davidii Rhododendron Rosa Viburnum Table 2. List of V G treated crops with no or minimal transitory injury seen at the 1X rate, but the 2X or 4X rate did cause significant phytotoxicity Buxus Table 3. List of V G treated crops exhibiting significant injury. Abelia Lavandula angustifolia Berberis thunbergii Nepeta catara Clematis Nepeta x fassenii Cotoneaster horizontalis Potentilla fruticosa Hydrangea Spirea Lagerstroemia indica Syringa microphylla Table 4. List of V G treated crops where more information is needed. Abies fraseri (variable) Picea omorika * Camellia sp * Pinus mugo * Euonymus alatus * Pinus taeda * Euonymus fortunei * Quercus alba Ilex crenata* Quercus rubrum * Ilex glabra * Raphiolepis indica Ilex vomitoria * Salvia sylvestris * Juniperus andorra * Sedum x spectabile * Juniperus chinensis * Syringa patula * Juniperus communis * Taxus baccata * Juniperus conferta * Taxus x media Magnolia stellata * Thuja occidentalis * Nandina domestica * * no or minimal transient injury in the reported trials. 6

7 Out of the 46 genera/species tested through IR-4, only 9 treated with V WDG exhibited no or minimal negative impact on a wide range of plant species (Table 1). Some minimal injury may be acceptable for growers if applications are made several weeks to months in advance of crop sale particularly for woody ornamental crops. The only species where this seemed to apply was for certain rose cultivars (Table 2). Seventeen crops exhibited damage sufficient to recommend growers not utilize V WDG as an over-the-top treatment (Table 3). Nineteen crops require additional data points to clarify recommendations (Table 4). Of these, three crops did exhibit no or minimal transitory injury in two trials. At least one more data point for each is recommended prior to adding these to the label. Please see Table 10 for a list of individual trial summaries on V WDG. Table 5. List of V WDG treated crops with no or minimal transitory injury. Buxus Ilex vomitoria nana Ilex cornuta Quercus rubra Ilex crenata Rhododendron (see Senesac 2006) Ilex rotunda Trachelospermum jasminoides Ilex x meserveae Table 6. List of V WDG treated crops with no or minimal transitory injury seen at the 1X rate, but the 2X or 4X rate did cause significant phytotoxicity Delosperma Helleborus niger Rosa * * Variable responses among cultivars, in general rose appeared to not be impacted but some cultivars were Table 7. List of V WDG treated crops exhibiting significant injury. Abelia X grandiflora Hemerocallis Abies fraseri Hydrangea macrophylla Acer rubrum Liriope Chamaebatiaria Prunus avium Cotoneaster dammeri Rudbeckia fuligida speciosa Cotoneaster horizontalis Salvia elegans Echinacea Salvia nemorosa Echinacea purpurea magnus Spiraea * Gypsophila elegans Viburnum Hedera helix * Directed spray instead of over the top still caused significant injury. 7

8 Table 8. List of V WDG treated crops where more information is needed. Cuphea Euonymus Gardenia radicans* Hosta Illicium Juniperus Lagerstroemia indica* Lantana Magnolia grandiflora Ophiopogon japonicus Pentas Picea abies Pinus Pseudostsuga menziesii Taxodium distichum Taxus Thuja Trachycarpus fortunei Vinca * * no or minimal transient injury in the reported trials. 8

9 Table 9. Detailed Summary of 2006 Crop Safety Testing with V G Notes: Table entries are sorted by crop Latin name. Only those trials with research reports received by 4/29/09 are listed below. 9 PR # Crop Production Common Name Latin Name Cultivar Site Abelia Abelia A. zanderi 'Little Richard' Abelia Abelia 'Edward Goucher' Fir, Fraser Abies fraseri Fir, Fraser Abies fraseri Fir, Fraser Abies fraseri In Maple, Japanese Acer 'Atropurpureum' palmatum Maple, Red Acer rubrum Maple, Red Acer rubrum 'Summer' Maple Acer A. saccharum Barberry Berberis B. thunbergii atropurpureum 'Crimson Pygmy' Barberry Berberis B. thunbergii 'Crimson Pigmy' Barberry Berberis B. thunbergii 'Crimson Pygmy' Butterfly Bush Buddleia davidii Butterfly Bush Buddleia davidii 'Nanho Blue' Researcher(s) Year Application Type Results Summary Senesac 2008 Over the top High injury at 0.75, 1.5 and 3 lb ai per acre Lieth 2008 Over the top Severe injury at 0.75, 1.5 and 3 lb ai per acre Boydston 2007 Over the top Significant injury and stunting at 0.75, 1.5 and 3 lb ai per acre; plants not saleable Boydston 2008 Over the top No injury but slight height reduction at 0.75, high at 1.5 and 3 lb ai per acre; 1X plants marketable Beste/Frank 2008 Over the top Virtually no injury but reduced plant growth at 0.75, 1.5 and 3 lb ai per acre Beste/Frank 2008 Over the top No significant injury or growth reduction at 0.75, 1.5 and 3 lb ai per acre Senesac 2008 Over the top Slight injury after 2nd application with complete recovery at 0.75, 1.5 and 3 lb ai per acre; no growth reduction Gilliam 2008 Over the top No injury at 0.75, 1.5 and 3.0 lb ai per acre with two applications. Senesac 2008 Over the top No injury or growth reduction at 0.75, 1.5 and 3 lb ai per acre Beste/Frank 2008 Over the top Severe injury at 0.75, 1.5 and 3 lb ai per acre Lieth 2008 Over the top Severe injury at 0.75, 1.5 and 3 lb ai per acre Williams 2008 Over the top No injury at 150 and 300, slight injury at 600 lb per acre Derr 2008 Over the top Slight, acceptable injury at 0.75, 1.5 and 3 lb ai per acre Mathers 2008 Over the top No significant injury at 0.75, moderate and high at 1.5 and 3 lb ai per acre File Name f.pdf f.pdf a.pdf g.pdf b.pdf c.pdf f.pdf a.pdf f.pdf c.pdf f.pdf j.pdf g.pdf r.pdf

10 PR # Crop Production Common Name Latin Name Cultivar Site Butterfly Bush Buddleia 'Pink Delight' davidii Boxwood Buxus Boxwood Buxus B. 'Green Mountain' Boxwood Buxus B. 'Wintergem Camellia Camellia C. japonica Camellia Camellia C. sasanqua Pink Charm Clematis Clematis Clematis Clematis C. integrifolia Clematis Clematis C. integrifolia Cotoneaster Cotoneaster C. horizontalis 'Perpusillus' Winged Burning Bush Euonymus alatus Winged Burning Bush Euonymus alatus Hydrangea Hydrangea Hydrangea Hydrangea Hydrangea Hydrangea E. alatus 'Compactus' E. fortunei 'Coloratus' H. macrophylla 'Nikko Blue' H. paniculata 'PeeGee' Holly Ilex I. crenata 'Convexa' Researcher(s) Year Application Type Results Summary Beste/Frank 2008 Over the top No significant injury at 0.75, 1.5 and 3 lb ai per acre; reduced growth at 2X and 4X Lieth 2008 Over the top Slight injury but unacceptable growth reduction at 0.75, 1.5 and 3 lb ai per acre Senesac 2008 Over the top Slight injury at 0.75, moderate at 1.5 and 3 lb ai per acre; significant growth reduction Trader 2008 Over the top No significant injury at 0.75, 1.5 and 3 lb ai per acre Wade 2008 Over the top No injury at 0.75, 1.5 and 3 lb ai per acre; all plants marketable Trader 2008 Over the top No significant injury or growth reduction at 0.75, 1.5 and 3 lb ai per acre Derr 2008 Over the top Unacceptable injury at 0.75, 1.5 and 3 lb ai per acre Klett 2008 Over the top Trial 1: Moderate to severe injury at 0.75, 1.5 and 3 lb ai per acre Klett 2008 Over the top Trial 2: Moderate to severe injury at 0.75, 1.5 and 3 lb ai per acre Lieth 2008 Over the top Unacceptable injury and growth reduction at 0.75, 1.5 and 3 lb ai per acre Boydston 2008 Over the top No injury or growth reduction at 0.75, 1.5 and 3 lb ai per acre; all plants marketable Williams 2008 Over the top No injury at 150, 300 and 600 lb per acre; slight width reduction Derr 2008 Over the top Severe injury at 0.75, 1.5 and 3 lb ai per acre Fraelich 2008 Over the top Significant injury (leaf burn) at 0.75, 1.5 and 3 lb ai per acre; only 3 of 9 plants marketable at 1X Mickelbart 2008 Over the top Slight chlorosis increasing with rate (0.75, 1.5 and 3.0 lb ai per acre) with single application 3 weeks after transplanting. Mathers 2008 Over the top No injury at 0.75, 1.5 and 3 lb ai per acre; significant growth reduction at 4X File Name a.pdf f.pdf f.pdf f.pdf a.pdf f.pdf g.pdf i.pdf i.pdf f.pdf g.pdf j.pdf g.pdf e.pdf a.pdf m.pdf 10

11 11 PR # Crop Production Common Name Latin Name Cultivar Site Holly Ilex I. glabra 'Densa' Holly Ilex I. vomitoria Juniper Juniperus J. andorra Juniper Juniperus J. chinensis 'Sea Green' Juniper Juniperus J. communis 'Gold Totem Pole' Juniper Juniperus J. conferta Crape Myrtle Lagerstroemi a indica Crape Myrtle Lagerstroemi a indica Crape Myrtle Lagerstroemi 'Natchez' a indica Lavender Lavandula L. angustifolia 'Munstead' Magnolia Magnolia M. stellata 'Royal Star' Heavenly Bamboo Nandina domestica Catnip Nepeta cataria Catnip Nepeta cataria Catmint Nepeta x faasseni 'Firepower' 'Psfike' 'Psfike' Spruce Picea P. omorika Pine Pinus P. mugo Researcher(s) Year Application Type Results Summary Senesac 2008 Over the top No injury after 1st application; slight at 0.75, moderate at 1.5 and 3 lb ai per acre after 2nd application Lieth 2008 Over the top No injury or growth reduction at 0.75, 1.5 and 3 lb ai per acre Harvey 2008 Over the top No injury at 0.75, 1.5 and 3 lb ai per acre Mickelbart 2008 Over the top No injury at 0.75, 1.5 and 3.0 lb ai per acre with single application 3 weeks after transplanting. Senesac 2008 Over the top Virtually no injury or growth reduction at 0.75, 1.5 and 3 lb ai per acre Trader 2008 Over the top No significant injury at 0.75 and 1.5, slight at 3 lb ai per acre; no growth reduction Gilliam 2008 Over the top Significant injury, even mortality, at 0.75, 1.5 and 3.0 lb ai per acre. Derr 2008 Over the top Unacceptable injury at 0.75, 1.5 and 3 lb ai per acre Wade 2008 Over the top Significant injury at 0.75, 1.5 and 3 lb ai per acre Boydston 2008 Over the top Severe injury at 0.75, 1.5 and 3 lb ai per acre Beste/Frank 2008 Over the top No significant injury or growth reduction at 0.75, 1.5 and 3 lb ai per acre; all plants marketable Gilliam 2008 Over the top No injury at 0.75, 1.5 and 3.0 lb ai per acre after the first application, but after the second minor to moderate injury occurred. Klett 2008 Over the top Trial 1: Moderate to severe injury (chlorosis and stunting) at 0.75, 1.5 and 3 lb ai per acre Klett 2008 Over the top Trial 2: Moderate to severe injury (chlorosis and stunting) at 0.75, 1.5 and 3 lb ai per acre Lieth 2008 Over the top Unacceptable injury and growth reduction at 0.75, 1.5 and 3 lb ai per acre Harvey 2008 Over the top No injury at 0.75, 1.5 and 3 lb ai per acre Harvey 2008 Over the top No injury at 0.75 and 1.5, very slight at 3 lb ai per acre File Name f.pdf f.pdf d.pdf a.pdf f.pdf f.pdf a.pdf g.pdf a.pdf n.pdf b.pdf a.pdf i.pdf i.pdf f.pdf d.pdf d.pdf

12 PR # Crop Production Common Name Latin Name Cultivar Site Pine Pinus P. taeda Cinquefoil Potentilla P. fruticosa 'Monsidh' Cinquefoil Potentilla P. fruticosa 'Monsidh' Oak Quercus Q. alba Oak Quercus Q. rubra Indian Raphiolepis Hawthorn indica Indian Raphiolepis 'Indian Princess' Hawthorn indica Azalea, & Rhododendron Azalea, & Rhododendron Azalea, & Rhododendron Rhododendro n Rhododendro n Rhododendro n 'Fantastica' 'Gwenda' 'Midnight Flare' Rose Rosa Rose Rosa 'Nearly Wild' Rose Rosa R. woodsii Rose Rosa 'Raspberry Sunblaze' Sage, Ramona Salvia sylvestris S. 'May Night' Stonecrop Sedum S. x spectabile 'Autumn Joy' Bridal-Wreath Spiraea Dolchica Researcher(s) Year Application Type Results Summary Wade 2008 Over the top No injury at 0.75, 1.5 and 3 lb ai per acre; all plants marketable Klett 2008 Over the top Trial 1: Severe injury at 0.75, 1.5 and 3 lb ai per acre Klett 2008 Over the top Trial 2: Severe injury at 0.75, 1.5 and 3 lb ai per acre Freiberger 2008 Directly on Slight injury at 0.75 and 1.5, moderate soil surface at 3 lb ai per acre Mathers 2008 Over the top No injury or growth reduction at 0.75, 1.5 and 3 lb ai per acre Gilliam 2008 Over the top No injury at 0.75, 1.5 and 3.0 lb ai per acre with two applications. Lieth 2008 Over the top Unacceptable injury and growth reduction at 0.75, 1.5 and 3 lb ai per acre Senesac 2008 Over the top Slight injury at 0.75 and 1.5, moderate at 3 lb ai per acre Wade 2008 Over the top No injury at 0.75, 1.5 and 3 lb ai per acre; all plants marketable Trader 2008 Over the top No significant injury at 0.75, slight and moderate at 1.5 and 3 lb ai per acre; no growth reduction Derr 2008 Over the top No significant injury at 0.75, 1.5 and 3 lb ai per acre Wade 2008 Over the top No injury at 0.75, 1.5 and 3 lb ai per acre; all plants marketable Harvey 2008 Over the top Virtually no injury at 0.75, minor at 1.5 and 3 lb ai per acre Boydston 2008 Over the top No significant injury or height reduction at 0.75, unacceptable at 1.5 and 3 lb ai per acre; flower number reduced; some 1X plants probably marketable Williams 2008 Over the top Acceptable injury, no growth reduction at 150, 300 and 600 lb per acre Williams 2008 Over the top No injury or growth reduction at 150, 300 and 600 lb per acre Trader 2008 Over the top Moderate injury with complete recovery at 0.75, 1.5 and 3 lb ai per acre; no growth reduction File Name a.pdf i.pdf i.pdf c.pdf p.pdf a.pdf f.pdf f.pdf a.pdf f.pdf g.pdf a.pdf d.pdf n.pdf a.pdf a.pdf f.pdf 12

13 PR # Crop Production Common Name Latin Name Cultivar Site Bridal-Wreath Spiraea 'Reeves' Bridal-Wreath Spiraea S. thunbergii Lilac Syringa 'Miss Kim' Lilac Syringa S. microphylla 'Superb' Lilac Syringa S. patula 'Miss Kim' Yew Taxus T. baccata Yew Taxus T. x media 'Densiformis' Yew Taxus T. x media 'Runyun' Arborvitae Thuja T. occidentalis 'Degroot Spire' Arborvitae Thuja T. occidentalis 'Smaragd' Arrowwood Viburnum 'Northern Burgundy' Arrowwood Viburnum V. burkwoodii Arrowwood Viburnum V. x 'Juddi' Researcher(s) Year Application Type Results Summary Gilliam 2008 Over the top Moderate to significant injury at 0.75, 1.5 and 3.0 lb ai per acre with two applications; plant growth decreased as rate increased. Mickelbart 2008 Over the top No injury at 0.75, 1.5 and 3.0 lb ai per acre with single application 3 weeks after transplanting. Harvey 2008 Over the top Virtually no injury at 0.75, 1.5 and 3 lb ai per acre Beste/Frank 2008 Over the top High injury and growth reduction at 0.75, 1.5 and 3 lb ai per acre Williams 2008 Over the top Virtually no injury, no growth reduction at 150, 300 and 600 lb per acre Senesac 2008 Over the top No significant injury at 0.75, slight at 1.5 and moderate at 3 lb ai per acre Williams 2008 Over the top No injury or growth reduction at 150, 300 and 600 lb per acre Mathers 2008 Over the top Significant injury at 0.75, 1.5 and 3 lb ai per acre Boydston 2008 Over the top No injury or growth reduction at 0.75, 1.5 and 3 lb ai per acre; all plants marketable Harvey 2008 Over the top No injury at 0.75 and 1.5, slight injury after 2nd application at 3 lb ai per acre Boydston 2008 Over the top No injury or growth reduction at 0.75, 1.5 and 3 lb ai per acre; all plants marketable Senesac 2008 Over the top No injury or growth reduction at 0.75, 1.5 and 3 lb ai per acre Mickelbart 2008 Over the top No injury at 0.75, 1.5 and 3.0 lb ai per acre with single application 3 weeks after transplanting. File Name a.pdf a.pdf d.pdf g.pdf a.pdf f.pdf j.pdf n.pdf g.pdf d.pdf g.pdf f.pdf a.pdf 13

14 Table 10. Detailed Summary of 2006 Crop Safety Testing with V WG Notes: Table entries are sorted by crop Latin name. Only those trials with research reports received by 4/29/09 are listed below. 14 PR # Crop Production Common Name Latin Name Cultivar Site Abelia Abelia A. x grandiflora 'John Creech' Abelia Abelia A. x grandiflora 'Little Richard' Fir, Fraser Abies fraseri Fir, Fraser Abies fraseri Fir, Fraser Abies fraseri In Maple, Red Acer rubrum Maple, Red Acer rubrum Maple, Red Acer rubrum Maple, Red Acer rubrum In Boxwood Buxus B. microphylla asiaticum 'Winter Gem' Boxwood Buxus B. microphylla 'Green Beauty' Boxwood Buxus B. microphylla 'Green Velvet' Boxwood Buxus B. microphylla var. koreana Boxwood Buxus 'Green Mountain' Researcher(s) Year Application Type Results Summary Neal 2006 Over the top Significant unacceptable injury at all rates (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 lb ai per acre). Gilliam 2006 Over the top Moderate to significant injury increasing with rate (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 lb ai per acre). Altland 2006 Over the top Significant injury at all rates (0.5, 1 and 2 lb ai/a). Freiberger 2006 Over the top Slight injury after 1st, high after 2nd application at all rates (0.5, 1 and 2 lb ai per acre); some growth reduction Ahrens/Mervo 2006 Over the top No injury to dormant trees, sh unacceptable injury to actively growing trees at all rates (0.5, 1 and 2 lb ai per acre) Altland 2006 Over the top Significant injury with single application at 2X and 4X rates (1 and 2 lb ai/a) Fraelich 2006 Over the top No injury at 0.5 lb ai per acre, very slight at 2X and 4X rates; no growth reduction Freiberger 2006 Over the top Slight injury after 1st, moderate after 2nd application at all rates (0.5, 1 and 2 lb ai per acre) Beste/Frank 2006 broadcast Significant injury and growth reduction at 0.5, 1 and 2 lb ai per acre Fraelich 2006 Over the top No injury but moderate stunting at all rates (0.5, 1 and 2 lb ai/a). Wilen 2006 Over the top Acceptable injury at all rates (0.5, 1 and 2 lb ai/a). Beste/Frank 2006 Over the top Slight injury but no growth reduction at all rates (0.5, 1 and 2 lb ai/a) by trial's end; all plants marketable Gilliam 2006 Over the top Very slight to moderate injury increasing with rate along with a reduction in plant size (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 lb ai per acre). Mathers 2006 Over the top Slight injury at all rates (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 lb ai per acre). File Name f.pdf a.pdf p.pdf pdf e.pdf p.pdf e.pdf pdf a.pdf b.pdf i.pdf w.pdf a.pdf l.pdf

15 15 PR # Crop Production Common Name Latin Name Cultivar Site Fernbush Chamaebatia ria Fernbush Chamaebatia ria Fernbush Chamaebatia ria Cotoneaster Cotoneaster Cotoneaster Cotoneaster Mexican Cuphea Heather, False hyssopifolia Heather, Elfin Herb Mexican Heather, False Heather, Elfin Herb Cuphea hyssopifolia Delosperma Delosperma Delosperma Delosperma Delosperma Delosperma Purple Coneflower Purple Coneflower Purple Coneflower Purple Coneflower Echinacea Echinacea Echinacea Echinacea C. dammeri 'Skolgshomen' C. horizontalis C. allyson C. hyssopifolia 'Itsy Bitsy White' 'Kelaidis' 'Kelaidis' 'Kelaidis' E. purpurea magnus Researcher(s) Year Application Type Results Summary Klett 2006 Over the top Experiment A: No significant injury after 1st application at all rates (0.5, 1 and 2 lb ai per acre), slight to moderate after 2nd application Klett 2006 Over the top Experiment B: Moderate to high injury with increasing rates (0.5, 1 and 2 lb ai per acre) Klett 2006 Over the top Experiment C: Moderate injury at all rates (0.5, 1 and 2 lb ai per acre) Beste/Frank 2006 Over the top Significant injury and growth reduction at all rates (0.5, 1 and 2 lb ai/a); market value reduced Neal 2006 Over the top Significant injury at all rates (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 lb ai per acre). Derr 2006 Over the top Slight injury increasing with rate (0.5, 1 and 2 lb ai/a). Lieth 2006 Over the top High injury and growth reduction at all rates (0.5, 1 and 2 lb ai/a) and plants were unmarketable Klett 2006 Over the top Experiment A: No significant injury at 0.5 lb ai per acre, moderate to high at 1 and 2 lb ai Klett 2006 Over the top Experiment B: No significant injury at 0.5 lb ai per acre, moderate at 1 and 2 lb ai Klett 2006 Over the top Experiment C: Slight transient injury at 0.5 lb ai per acre, moderate to high at 1 and 2 lb ai Klett 2006 Over the top Experiment A: Moderate to high injury at all rates (0.5, 1 and 2 lb ai per acre) Klett 2006 Over the top Experiment B: No significant injury after 1st application at all rates (0.5, 1 and 2 lb ai per acre, moderate after 2nd application at 1 and 2 lb ai Klett 2006 Over the top Experiment C: Slight to high injury at all rates (0.5, 1 and 2 lb ai per acre) Fraelich 2006 Over the top Very slight, transient injury at 0.5 lb ai per acre, slight at 1.0 lb ai per acre, moderate at 2.0 lb ai per acre; no stunting at 0.5 and 1.0 lb ai per acre, moderate at 2.0 lb ai per acre. File Name a.pdf a.pdf a.pdf t.pdf f.pdf l.pdf g.pdf a.pdf a.pdf a.pdf a.pdf a.pdf a.pdf j.pdf

16 16 PR # Crop Production Common Name Latin Name Cultivar Site Purple Echinacea E. purpurea Coneflower 'Magnus' Purple Coneflower Echinacea Euonymus Euonymus Euonymus Euonymus Euonymus Euonymus Euonymus Euonymus Euonymus Euonymus E. purpurea 'Magnus' E. alata 'Compacta' E. alatus 'Compactus' E. fortunei 'Gracilis' E. japonicus 'Aureo Marginatus' E. patens 'Manhattan' Golden Bells Forsythia F. x intermedia 'Golden Bell' Ash, Green Fraxinus pennsylvanic a Cape Jasmine, Radicans Cape Jasmine, Radicans Gardenia augusta 'Radicans' Gardenia augusta 'Radicans' Baby's-Breath Gypsophila elegans Baby's Breath Gypsophila paniculata English Ivy Hedera helix L. s Helix English Ivy Hedera helix L. s Helix Hellebore, Helleborus Christmas rose, niger Lenten Rose 'Radicans' 'Festival Star' 'Glacier ivy' In- Researcher(s) Year Application Type Results Summary Boydston 2006 Over the top Trial 1: Significant injury and growth reduction at all rates (0.5, 1 and 2 lb ai/a). Boydston 2006 Over the top Trial 2: Severe injury and growth reduction at all rates (0.5, 1 and 2 lb ai/a). Mathers 2006 Over the top Very slight to slight injury increasing with rate (0.5, 1 and 2 lb ai/a). Ahrens/Mervo 2006 Over the top Unacceptable injury at all rates (0.5, 1 sh and 2 lb ai per acre) Lieth 2006 Over the top Very slight injury but over 40% growth reduction at all rates (0.5, 1 and 2 lb ai/a) Wilen 2006 Over the top Moderate injury at all rates (0.5, 1 and 2 lb ai/a). Beste/Frank 2006 Over the top No significant injury or growth reduction at all rates (0.5, 1 and 2 lb ai/a) by trial's end; plants marketable Mickelbart 2008 Over the top Slight chlorosis increasing with rate (0.75, 1.5 and 3.0 lb ai per acre) with single application 3 weeks after transplanting. Beste/Frank 2006 Over the top Slight injury and moderate growth reduction at all rates (0.5, 1 and 2 lb ai per acre); reduced market value at 2X and 4x Derr 2006 Over the top No injury at all rates (0.5, 1 and 2 lb ai/a). Fraelich 2006 Over the top Slight, transient injury at 1 and 2 lb ai per acre; slight stunting at 0.5 lb ai per acre, moderate at 1 and 2 lb ai per acre. Senesac 2006 Over the top High injury at all rates (0.5, 1 and 2 lb ai/a). Lieth 2006 Over the top Unacceptable injury and growth reduction at 0.5, 1 and 2 lb ai per acre Boydston 2006 Over the top Severe injury and growth reduction at all rates (0.5, 1 and 2 lb ai/a). Fraelich 2006 Over the top Severe injury and stunting at all rates (0.5, 1 and 2 lb ai/a). Klett 2006 Over the top Experiment A: No significant injury at all rates (0.5, 1 and 2 lb ai per acre) File Name i.pdf j.pdf l.pdf c.pdf j.pdf i.pdf z.pdf a.pdf l.pdf l.pdf l.pdf h.pdf d.pdf k.pdf k.pdf a.pdf

17 17 PR # Crop Production Common Name Latin Name Cultivar Site Hellebore, Helleborus Christmas rose, niger Lenten Rose Hellebore, Christmas rose, Lenten Rose Helleborus niger Daylily Hemerocallis Daylily Hemerocallis Daylily Hemerocallis Daylily Hemerocallis H. hybrida 'Stella de Oro' 'Stella de Oro' 'Stella d'oro' Hosta Hosta 'Gold Standard' Hosta Hosta H. plantanginea 'Royal Standard' Hydrangea, French Hydrangea macrophylla 'Nikko Blue' Holly Ilex I. cornuta 'bufordii nana' Holly Ilex I. cornuta 'Carissa' Holly Ilex I. crenata 'Compacta' Holly Ilex I. rotunda In Holly Ilex I. x meserveae 'Blue Prince' Holly Ilex I. x meserveae 'Blue Princess' Holly, Dwarf Ilex Yaupon vomitoria nana Researcher(s) Year Application Type Results Summary Klett 2006 Over the top Experiment B: No significant injury at all rates (0.5, 1 and 2 lb ai per acre) File Name a.pdf Klett 2006 Over the top Experiment C: No significant injury after 1st application at all rates (0.5, 1 and 2 llb ai per acre), light to moderate injury after 2nd application at 2X and 4X a.pdf Fraelich 2006 Over the top Slight injury at 0.5 lb ai per acre, severe g.pdf at 1 and 2 lb ai per acre; growth reduction at higher rates Beste/Frank 2006 Over the top Unacceptable injury and growth y.pdf reduction at all rates (0.5, 1 and 2 lb ai/a) Lieth 2006 Over the top High injury at all rates (0.5, 1 and 2 lb i.pdf ai/a); plants unmarketable Mathers 2006 Over the top Slight to moderate injury increasing l.pdf with rate after first application, but moderate injury was observed after second application at all rates (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 lb ai per acre). Fraelich 2006 Over the top Moderate injury and stunting at 0.5 lb ai h.pdf per acre, severe at 1 and 2 lb ai per acre. Gilliam 2006 Over the top Very slight injury at all rates and a a.pdf reduction in plant size (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 lb ai per acre). Lieth 2006 Over the top High injury at all rates (0.5, 1 and 2 lb h.pdf ai/a); plants unmarketable Neal 2006 Over the top No significant injury at 0.5, 1.0 and f.pdf lb ai per acre. Fraelich 2006 Over the top No injury or growth reduction at all c.pdf rates (0.5, 1 and 2 lb ai/a). Beste/Frank 2006 Over the top No injury or growth reduction at all a.pdf rates (0.5, 1 and 2 lb ai/a) by trial's end; all plants marketable Czarnota 2006 Over the top Very slight injury at 0.4 lb ai per acre c.pdf Mathers 2006 Over the top No injury at any rate (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 lb ai per acre). Altland 2006 Over the top No injury at any rate (0.5, 1 and 2 lb ai/a) Gilliam 2006 Over the top No injury or growth reduction at 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 lb ai per acre l.pdf p.pdf a.pdf

18 18 PR # Crop Production Common Name Latin Name Cultivar Site Holly, Dwarf Ilex Yaupon vomitoria nana Anise Tree Illicium I. parviflorum In Juniper Juniperus J. conferta 'Blue Pacific' Juniper Juniperus J. horizontalis 'Wiltonii' Juniper Juniperus J. sabina 'Calgary Carpet' Juniper Juniperus J. squamata 'Blue Carpet' Crape Myrtle Lagerstroemi a indica In Crape Myrtle Lagerstroemi L. x Tuscarora a indica Shrub Verbena Lantana Lily, Easter Lilium 'Nellie White' longiflorum Lilyturf, Liriope L. muscari Creeping variegata Lilyturf, Liriope L. muscari Creeping variegata 'Aztec' Magnolia, Magnolia In- Southern grandiflora Magnolia, Magnolia 'Cherry' Southern Mondo Grass, Lilyturf, Ker- Gawl grandiflora Ophiopogon O. japonicus variegate Pentas Pentas 'Ruby Red' Spruce, Norway Picea abies Spruce, Norway Picea abies Researcher(s) Year Application Type Results Summary Neal 2006 Over the top No significant injury at 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 lb ai per acre. File Name f.pdf Czarnota 2006 Over the top No injury at 0.4 lb ai per acre c.pdf Gilliam 2006 Over the top Slight to moderate injury increasing with rate (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 lb ai per acre) with a significant reduction in plant size a.pdf Fraelich 2006 Over the top No injury; slight stunting at 0.5 lb ai per d.pdf acre, moderate at 2X and 4X rates Altland 2006 Over the top Significant injury at all rates (0.5, 1 and p.pdf 2 lb ai/a) Mathers 2006 Over the top Slight to moderate injury, abating l.pdf somewhat over time (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 lb ai per acre). Czarnota 2006 Over the top No injury at 0.4 lb ai per acre c.pdf Neal 2006 Over the top Slight transient injury at all rates (0.5, f.pdf 1.0, 2.0 lb ai per acre). Derr 2006 Over the top Slight injury at all rates l.pdf Lieth 2006 Over the top Unacceptable injury and growth reduction at 0.5, 1 and 2 lb ai per acre Neal 2006 Over the top Significant injury at all rates (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 lb ai per acre). Derr 2006 Over the top Slight injury but shoot weight decreased significantly as rate increased i.pdf f.pdf l.pdf Czarnota 2006 Over the top No injury at 0.4 lb ai per acre c.pdf Fraelich 2006 Over the top Severe injury (leaf burn) and growth i.pdf reduction at all rates Derr 2006 Over the top No injury at all rates l.pdf Derr 2006 Over the top Slight injury at all rates l.pdf Altland 2006 Over the top Slight transient injury only at 4x rate (2 lb ai/a) after the first application, but no significant injury after the second Freiberger 2006 Over the top Slight injury at all rates (0.5, 1 and 2 lb ai per acre); no growth reduction p.pdf pdf

19 19 PR # Crop Production Common Name Latin Name Cultivar Site Pine, White Pinus strobus Pine, Loblolly Pinus taeda Cherry (Non- Bearing) Cherry (Non- Bearing) Fir, Douglas Pseudotsuga menziesii Fir, Douglas Pseudotsuga menziesii Fir, Douglas Pseudotsuga menziesii Fir, Douglas Pseudotsuga menziesii Fir, Douglas Pseudotsuga menziesii Oak, Pin Quercus palustris Oak, Northern Red Oak, Northern Red Oak, Northern Red Oak, Northern Red Azalea, & Rhododendron Prunus P. avium Prunus P. serotina In- Quercus rubra Quercus rubra Quercus rubra Quercus rubra Rhododendro n 'Congo' In- In- In- In- Researcher(s) Year Application Type Results Summary Beste/Frank 2006 Over the top No significant injury or growth reduction at all rates (0.5, 1 and 2 lb ai per acre); all plants marketable Beste/Frank 2006 Over the top No significant injury or growth reduction at all rates (0.5, 1 and 2 lb ai per acre); all plants marketable Altland 2006 Over the top Significant injury with single application at all rates (0.5, 1 and 2 lb ai/a) Beste/Frank 2006 Over the top Unacceptable injury and growth reduction at all rates (0.5, 1 and 2 lb ai per acre) Altland 2006 Over the top Significant injury at all rates (0.5, 1 and 2 lb ai/a) Boydston 2006 Over the top Significant stunting at 4X, plants treated with lower rates marketable Freiberger 2006 Over the top Slight injury after 1st, high after 2nd application at all rates (0.5, 1 and 2 lb ai per acre); some growth reduction Ahrens/Mervo 2006 Over the top No injury to dormant trees, acceptable sh injury to actively growing trees at all rates (0.5, 1 and 2 lb ai per acre) Beste/Frank 2006 Over the top Significant injury with complete recovery at the 4x rate (2 lb ai per acre); growth reduction at 2X and 4X rates; no reduction in market value Beste/Frank 2006 Over the top Significant injury and growth reduction at all rates (0.5, 1 and 2 lb ai per acre); all plants marketable Altland 2006 Over the top Virtually no injury at any rate (0.5, 1 and 2 lb ai/a) Fraelich 2006 Over the top Very slight, transient injury at 4X rate, no growth reduction Freiberger 2006 Over the top Slight injury after 1st, moderate after 2nd application at all rates (0.5, 1 and 2 lb ai per acre); some growth reduction Beste/Frank 2006 broadcast Foliar No significant injury but plant size reduced at 0.5, 1 and 2 lb ai per acre; no reduction in crop marketability Gilliam 2006 Over the top No injury after the first application, but slight injury increasing with rate (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 lb ai per acre) after the second and there was a reduction in plant size. File Name k.pdf j.pdf p.pdf f.pdf p.pdf e.pdf pdf d.pdf i.pdf g.pdf p.pdf m.pdf pdf b.pdf a.pdf

20 20 PR # Crop Production Common Name Latin Name Cultivar Site Azalea, & Rhododendro 'Crete' Rhododendron n Azalea, & Rhododendro 'Fashion' Rhododendron n Azalea, & Rhododendron Azalea, & Rhododendron Azalea, & Rhododendron Azalea, & Rhododendron Rhododendro n Rhododendro n Rhododendro n Rhododendro n 'Girard Rose' 'Nuccio's Wild Cherry' 'Pink Gumpo' R. catawbiense 'English Roseum' Azalea, & Rhododendron Rhododendro n R. 'P.J.M.' Rose Rosa 'Beloved' Rose Rosa 'Moonshadow' Rose Rosa 'Nearly Wild' Rose Rosa 'Orange & Lemons' Rose Rosa R. hybrida 'Red Sunblaze' Rose Rosa R. multiflora Rose Rosa 'Sea Foam' Rose Rosa 'Solstice' Coneflower, Rudbeckia 'Becky' Orange fulgida speciosa Researcher(s) Year Application Results Summary File Name Type Senesac 2006 Over the top Moderate injury at all rates h.pdf Fraelich 2006 Over the top Very slight, slight and moderate injury at 0.5 lb ai per acre, 1 and 2 lb ai per acre; no growth reduction a.pdf Beste/Frank 2006 Over the top No injury or growth reduction at all v.pdf rates (0.5, 1 and 2 lb ai/a); all plants marketable Wilen 2006 Over the top Acceptable injury at all rates (0.5, 1 and i.pdf 2 lb ai/a). Neal 2006 Over the top No significant injury at 0.5, 1.0, and f.pdf lb ai per acre. Beste/Frank 2006 Over the top Moderate to significant injury u.pdf increasing with rate after both applications (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 lb ai per acre), but this chlorosis and slight leaf distortion was transient so that by the end of the experiment all plants except the 4X rate were marketable. Ahrens/Mervo 2006 Over the top Acceptable injury at 0.5 lb ai per acre, f.pdf sh unacceptable at 1 and 2 lb ai Gilliam 2006 Over the top No injury or growth reduction at 0.5, a.pdf 1.0, and 2.0 lb ai per acre. Gilliam 2006 Over the top No injury or growth reduction at 0.5, a.pdf 1.0, and 2.0 lb ai per acre. Lieth 2006 Over the top Significant injury and growth reduction a.pdf at all rates (0.5, 1 and 2 lb ai/a); product should not be used on rose. Mathers 2006 Over the top Moderate to significant injury at all l.pdf rates (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 lb ai per acre). Boydston 2006 Over the top No injury at 0.5 lb ai per acre, f.pdf significant injury and growth reduction at higher rates Freiberger 2006 Over the top Moderate injury at 0.5 lb ai per acre, pdf high at higher rates; some growth reduction Senesac 2006 Over the top High injury at all rates (0.5, 1 and 2 lb h.pdf ai/a). Gilliam 2006 Over the top No injury or growth reduction at 0.5, a.pdf 1.0, and 2.0 lb ai per acre. Derr 2006 Over the top Significant injury at all rates (0.5, 1 and l.pdf 2 lb ai/a).

21 PR # Crop Production Common Name Latin Name Cultivar Site Coneflower, Rudbeckia R. 'Goldsturm' Orange fulgida speciosa Coneflower, Orange Rudbeckia fulgida speciosa Sage, Ramona Salvia sylvestris Sage, Ramona Salvia sylvestris 'Viettas Little Suzie' S. elegans 'Tangerine' S. nemorosa 'May Night' Sage, Ramona Salvia sylvestris S. nemorosa 'Snow Hill' Bridal-Wreath Spiraea 'Gooldflame' Bridal-Wreath Spiraea S. bumalda 'Anthony Waterer' Bridal-Wreath Spiraea S. decumbens Bridal-Wreath Spiraea S. japonica 'Little Princess' Bridal-Wreath Spiraea S. prunifolia Bridal-Wreath Spiraea S. x bumalda 'Gold Mound' Bridal-Wreath Spiraea S. x bumalda 'Goldmound' Bald Cypress Taxodium distichum In Yew Taxus T. cuspidata Yew Taxus Taxus x media 'Fairview' Arborvitae Thuja 'Emerald Green' Arborvitae Thuja T. occidentalis In- Researcher(s) Year Application Type Results Summary File Name Boydston 2006 Over the top Significant injury at all rates (0.5, 1.0, p.pdf 2.0 lb ai per acre) such that more than 50% were not saleable at the end of the experiment. Mathers 2006 Over the top Moderate to significant injury including l.pdf mortality with increasing rates (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 lb ai per acre). Derr 2006 Over the top Severe injury at all rates (0.5, 1 and 2 lb l.pdf ai/a). Lieth 2006 Over the top High injury and growth reduction at all f.pdf rates; plants unmarketable (0.5, 1 and 2 lb ai/a). Boydston 2006 Over the top Severe injury and growth reduction at g.pdf all rates (0.5, 1 and 2 lb ai/a). Ahrens/Mervo 2006 Over the top Severe injury at all rates (0.5, 1 and 2 lb a.pdf sh ai per acre) Beste/Frank 2006 Over the top Significant reduction of plant size, x.pdf flower number and marketability at all rates (0.5, 1 and 2 lb ai/a) Senesac 2006 Over the top Moderate, transient injury with h.pdf complete recovery at lower rates (0.5, 1 and 2 lb ai/a). Neal 2006 Over the top Significant injury at all rates (0.5, 1.0, f.pdf 2.0 lb ai per acre). Freiberger 2007 Directed spray Moderate injury at 0.75, slight at l.pdf and 3 lb ai per acre; data may not be reliable Derr 2006 Over the top Severe injury at all rates (0.5, 1 and 2 lb l.pdf ai/a). Mathers 2006 Over the top Slight to significant injury increasing l.pdf with time and second application (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 lb ai per acre). Czarnota 2006 Over the top No injury at 0.4 lb ai per acre c.pdf Fraelich 2006 Over the top No injury or growth reduction at all rates (0.5, 1 and 2 lb ai/a) f.pdf Lieth 2006 Over the top No injury but significant growth l.pdf reduction at 0.5, 1 and 2 lb ai per acre Ahrens/Mervo 2006 Over the top Moderate to high injury with increasing b.pdf sh rates (0.5, 1 and 2 lb ai per acre) Czarnota 2006 Over the top No injury at 0.4 lb ai per acre c.pdf 21

22 PR # Crop Production Common Name Latin Name Cultivar Site Arborvitae Thuja T. occidentalis 'Emerald Green' Jasmine, Asian Trachelosper mum asiaticum Jasmine, Asian Trachelosper mum Jasmine, Star;Confederate asiaticum Trachelosper mum jasminoides Palm, Windmill Trachycarpu s fortunei Viburnum, Viburnum arrowwood dentatum Viburnum, Viburnum arrowwood dentatum Viburnum, Viburnum arrowwood dentatum Viburnum, arrowwood Viburnum dentatum 'Green' 'Autumn Jazz' V. 'Chicago Lustre' In Arrowwood Viburnum V. carlesii Arrowwood Viburnum V. tinus compacta Periwinkle Vinca V. minor 'Bowles' Periwinkle Vinca V. minor 'Myrtle' Researcher(s) Year Application Type Results Summary Lieth 2006 Over the top High injury and growth reduction at all rates; plants unmarketable (0.5, 1 and 2 lb ai/a). Gilliam 2006 Over the top No injury or growth reduction at 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 lb ai per acre. Fraelich 2006 Over the top No injury or growth reduction at all rates (0.5, 1 and 2 lb ai/a). Wilen 2006 Over the top Acceptable injury at all rates (0.5, 1 and 2 lb ai/a). File Name h.pdf a.pdf n.pdf i.pdf Czarnota 2006 Over the top No injury at 0.4 lb ai per acre c.pdf Freiberger 2006 Over the top High injury and growth reduction at all rates (0.5, 1 and 2 lb ai per acre) Mathers 2006 Over the top Moderate persistent injury at all rates (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 lb ai per acre). Altland 2006 Over the top Significant injury with single application at all rates (0.5, 1 and 2 lb ai/a) Beste/Frank 2006 Over the top Significant, but transient injury at all rates (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 lb ai per acre) with significant size reduction at the 4X rate. Altland 2006 Over the top Significant injury with single application at all rates (0.5, 1 and 2 lb ai/a) Neal 2006 Over the top Moderate to significant injury increasing with rate (0.125, 0.25, 0.5 lb ai per acre). Lieth 2006 Over the top No injury or growth reduction at all rates (0.5, 1 and 2 lb ai/a) Boydston 2006 Over the top No injury at all rates (0.5, 1 and 2 lb ai/a) pdf l.pdf p.pdf b.pdf p.pdf f.pdf k.pdf h.pdf 22

23 Label Suggestions If V G and V WDG will be commercialized, it is suggested that the initial label(s) be quite restrictive with over-the-top applications along with fully listing those species exhibiting sensitivity to treatment. 23

24 Appendix 1: Protocols 24

25 25

26 26

27 27

28 28

29 Appendix 2: Contributing Researchers Dr. Ed Beste Dr. Rick Boydston Mr. Luke Case Dr. Jeffrey Derr Mr. Ben Fraelich Dr. Ray Frank Mr. Tom Freiberger University of Maryland LESREC Salisbury Facility Nanticoke Road Salisbury, MD USDA-ARS IAREC Rt 2 Box 2953-A Prosser, WA The Ohio State University Dept. Hort. and Crop Science 2001 Fyffe Ct. Columbus, OH Hampton Roads Ag. Exp. Station 1444 Diamond Springs Road, Virginia Beach, VA USDA-ARS CPES P.O. Box 748 Tifton, GA Boyers Mill Road New Market, MD Rutgers University Cream Ridge Experiment Station 283 Rt. 539 Cream Ridge, NJ

30 Dr. Charles Gilliam Mr. Paul Harvey Dr. Jim Klett Dr. Heiner Lieth Dr. Hannah Mathers Dr. Mike Mickelbart Dr. Andy Senesac Mr. Buzz Uber Mr. Paul Wade Dr. David Williams Auburn University Department of Horticulture 101 Funchess Hall Auburn, AL USDA-ARS 5230 Konnawac Pass Road Wapato, WA, Colorado State University Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture Fort Collins, CO Department of Plant Sciences University of California One Shield Avenue Davis, CA The Ohio State University Dept. Hort. and Crop Science 2001 Fyffe Ct. Columbus, OH Purdue University West Lafayette, IN Long Island Horticultural Research Laboratory 39 Sound Avenue Riverhead, NY Crop Inspection Service Hilltop Drive Valley Center, CA USDA-ARS US Vegetable Laboratory 2700 Savannah Highway Charleston, SC University of Illinois PSL, 1201 S. Dorner Urbana, IL

31 Appendix 3: Submitted Data Researcher reports included in the printed copy of this report and those received by 4/29/09. Reports on following pages are in alphanumeric order of author PR number. 31