IR-4 Ornamental Horticulture Program Isoxaben Crop Safety

Transcription

1 IR-4 Ornamental Horticulture Program Isoxaben Crop Safety Authors: Kathleen Hester, Cristi L. Palmer and Ely Vea Date: August 24, 2011 Acknowledgements Lori Harrison Karen Sims 1

2 Table of Contents Table of Contents... 2 Table of Tables... 3 Abstract... 4 Introduction... 5 Materials and Methods... 5 Results and Summary... 5 Phytotoxicity... 5 Label Suggestions Appendix 1: Contributing Researchers Appendix 2: Submitted Data

3 Table of Tables Table 1. List of Gallery 75DF treated crops with no or minimal transitory injury....6 Table 2. List of Gallery 75DF treated crops with no or minimal transitory injury seen at the 1X rate, but the 2X or 4X rate did cause significant phytotoxicity...6 Table 3. List of Gallery 75DF treated crops exhibiting significant injury at 1X....6 Table 4. List of Gallery 75DF treated crops where more research is needed to clarify response...7 Table 5. Detailed Summary Crop Safety Testing with Gallery 75DF

4 Abstract Gallery 75DF (isoxaben) was initially registered in 1992 for ornamental horticulture uses. This initial label contained an extensive list of ornamental horticulture crops where Gallery could be used without causing phytotoxicity. It also included a short list of crops where Gallery applications were not recommended. Between 1992 and 2010, IR-4 examined 67 crops to expand this label to other crops, including several different fern species grown in field containers. Of these, 21 crop species exhibited no or minimal transient injury with 18 already placed on the Gallery label. Eight crops exhibited injury in this research: Astilbe sp., Athyrium filix-femina, Buddleia davidii, Dendranthema x morifolium, Digitalis purpurea, Echinacea purpurea, Stachys byzantine, and Thymus sp. 4

5 Introduction Gallery 75DF (isoxaben) was initially registered in 1992 for ornamental horticulture uses. This initial label contained an extensive list of ornamental horticulture crops where Gallery could be used without causing phytotoxicity. It also included a short list of crops where Gallery applications were not recommended. From 1992 through 2010, IR-4 examined 67 crops to expand this label to other crops including several different fern species grown in field containers. Materials and Methods Several different protocols were used between 1992 and 2010 to test Gallery 75DF (isoxaben) crop safety. In the early work, a single application of 1.0 and 2.0 lb ai per acre was used with some researchers including 0.5 lb ai per acre. In the later research, two applications were made approximately 30 days apart using 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 lb ai per acre, plus a water treated control. A minimum of four plants (replicate treatments) were required with many researchers exceeding this minimum. In the more recent research, phytotoxicity was recorded on a scale of 0 to 10 (0 = No phytotoxicity; 10 = Complete kill) at 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after initial application, but in the earlier research other scales were utilized. Some researchers also included readings 3 to 4 days after the initial and second applications. For more detailed materials and methods, please see protocols at Gallery 95DF was supplied to researchers (See list of researchers in Appendix 2) by Dow Agro Sciences. Results and Summary Phytotoxicity Based on the type and nature of injury seen with Gallery 95DF applications in the research conducted between 2004 and 2010, tested plant species were placed into four categories: 1) no significant phytotoxicity or growth differences from the untreated check or any injury was transitory, 2) injury was seen but additional research is warranted to clarify response, 3) no or minimal transitory injury seen at the 1X rate, but the 2X and/or 4X rates did cause significant phytotoxicity, 4) Significant injury sufficient to recommend growers not utilize this product. In testing from 1992 through 2010, Gallery 75 DF exhibited no or minimal negative impact on 21 plant species (Table 1). Of these many have already been placed on the Gallery label as label expansions have occurred. Some minimal injury may be acceptable for growers if applications are made several weeks to months in advance of crop sale particularly for woody ornamental crops. In this report no (0) crop species were found to exhibit little or no injury at the 0.5 or 1.0 lb ai per acre rates with significant phytotoxicity at the 2.0 lb ai per acre rate (Table 2). 5

6 There were 8 crops in the testing that exhibited damage sufficient to recommend growers not utilize Gallery 75DF as an over-the-top treatment for pre-emergent weed control (Table 3). With 38 plants, IR-4 has not generated sufficient information to categorize crop response to Gallery 75 DF applications. It is recommended additional trials be conducted to clarify their response (Table 4). However, 18 have already been placed on the Gallery label based upon other research. Please see Table 5 for a list of research on Gallery 75 DF research conducted since 1992 and the summary of the results received. Table 1. List of Gallery 75DF treated crops with no or minimal transitory injury. Achillea millefolium * Aquilegia sp.* Artemisia lactiflora* Athyrium nipponicum * Cupressocyparis leylandii * Cyrtomium fortunei* Dryopteris erythrosora* Dryopteris ludoviciana Dryopteris marginalis* Dryopteris x australis* Leucanthemum maximum* * Already registered ** Crop safety testing was conducted with 4 applications over 2 years. Limonium latifolium Matteuccia struthiopteris* Onoclea sensibilis* Origanum libanoticum* Osmunda cinnamomea* Osmunda regalis* Polystichum acrostichoides* Polystichum polyblepharum * Ruscus aculeatus ** Salvia daghestanica* Table 2. List of Gallery 75DF treated crops with no or minimal transitory injury seen at the 1X rate, but the 2X or 4X rate did cause significant phytotoxicity None Table 3. List of Gallery 75DF treated crops exhibiting significant injury at 1X Astilbe sp. Athyrium filix-femina Buddleia davidii Dendranthema x morifolium Digitalis purpurea Echinacea purpurea * Stachys byzantina Thymus sp 6

7 Table 4. List of Gallery 75DF treated crops where more research is needed to clarify response Abies balsamea var phanerolepsis * Acer rubrum * Adiantum pedatum Antennaria sp. Arachniodes simplicor Asparagus virgatus * Aspidistra elatior Callirhoe involucrata Cerastium tomentosum * Chasmanthium latifolium Chrysalidocarpus madagascariensis * Cornus kousa * Cyrtomium falcatum Delosperma nubigenum * Doronicum sp. Festuca cinerea * Festuca ovina glauca * Gaillardia aristata Gaillardia x grandiflora Geum sp. * * Already registered Gypsophila elegans * Hemerocallis sp. * Kniphofia caulescens * Pennisetum alopecuroides * Penstemon sp. Phalaris arundinacea * Phoenix roebelinii * Poa pratensis * Potentilla sp. Rudbeckia sp. * Rumohra adiantiformis Schizachyrium scoparium Scutellaria racemosa Sedum sp. Stokesia sp. Veronica sp. Washingtonia robusta Zelkova serrata 7

8 Table 5. Detailed Summary Crop Safety Testing with Gallery 75DF. Notes: Table entries are sorted by crop Latin name. Only those reports received by 6/17/2011 are included. 8 PR # Latin Name Abies sp. A. balsamea var phanerolepsis Crop Common Name Fir Production Site In- Ground 8428 Acer rubrum Maple, Red 8428 Acer rubrum A. Maple, Red rubrum Achillea millefolium Achillea millefolium Yarrow Yarrow Achillea Yarrow millefolium 'Cloth of Gold' Achillea Yarrow millefolium 'Pink Deb' Adiantum pedatum Fern, American Maidenhair Adiantum pedatum Fern, American Maidenhair Antennaria sp. Pussy-Toes, Everlasting In- Ground Trial Application Researcher(s) Year Type Results File Name Ahrens & 2001 Over the top No visible injury with dormant a.pdf Mervosh application of 1, 2, and 4 lb at per acre; good broadleaved weed control, but poor grassy weed control. DeFrancesco 2010 Over the top Little to no crop injury with one or two b.pdf applications at 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 lb ai/a Derr 2010 Over the top No crop injury observed 5 and 46 DAT g.pdf with 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 lb ai per acre. Increasing control of eclipta, crabgrass, spotted spurge and annual sedge with increasing rates. Elmore 1993 Broadcast Very slight, non-significant injury, with j.pdf no impact on salability at all tested rates (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 lb ai per acre; excellent control of broadleaved weeds. Klett 1993 Drench No injury or growth reduction with x.pdf single pre-emergent application at 1 and 2 lb ai per acre; excellent control of pigweed, common groundsel, shepherd's purse, barnyard grass, yellow foxtail, and annual bluegrass. Ahrens & 1998 Over the top No to very slight injury increasing with i.pdf Mervosh rate (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 lb ai per acre) with complete recovery by 3 MAT. Fare 1997 Foliar No injury at 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 lb ai per acre k.pdf Derr 2007 Over the top No injury at 0.5, 1 and 2 lb ai per acre; b.pdf excellent control of spotted spurge and eclipta at the higher rates Senesac 2006 Over the top No data due to limited emergence b.pdf Klett 1993 Drench Due to poor plant health and overwatering, no phytotoxicity data were taken; Excellent control of pigweed, common groundsel, shepherd's purse, barnyardgrass, yellow foxtail and annual bluegrass y.pdf

9 9 PR # Latin Name Aquilegia sp. A. cearula 'McKana's Giant' Aquilegia sp. A. hybrida 'Dragon Fly' Arachniodes simplicor 'Variegata' Artemisia lactiflora 'Guizho' Crop Common Name Columbine Columbine Fern, Variegated Leatherleaf Mugwort, White Production Site Artemisia lactiflora Mugwort, White 'Guizho' Asparagus virgatus Fern, Tree Shadehouse /Lathehous e Aspidistra elatior Cast-Iron Plant, Ker- Gawl Shadehouse /Lathehous e Astilbe sp. False Spirea Astilbe sp. A. x aren False Spirea 'Gloria Purpurea' Athyrium filixfemina Fern, Lady Athyrium filixfemina Fern, Lady Athyrium Fern, Lady nipponicum Athyrium Fern, Lady nipponicum Buddleia davidii B. Butterfly Bush davidii 'Harlequin' Buddleia davidii B. davidii 'Pink Delight' Butterfly Bush Trial Application Researcher(s) Year Type Results File Name Klett 1994 Drench No injury with single pre-emergent z.pdf application of 1 and 2 lb ai per acre; Excellent control of purslane, common groundsel, shepherd's purse, barnyardgrass, yellow foxtail and annual bluegrass. Ahrens & 1998 Broadcast Very slight, nonsignificant injury with l.pdf Mervosh 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 lb ai per acre. Gilliam 2004 Over the top No significant injury or growth a.pdf reduction at 1 and 2 lb ai per acre Klett 2002 Directed No injury at 1 lb ai per acre (the 2 lb ai c.pdf spray per acre could not be rated due to crop failure); good broadleaved weed control. Klett 2002 Directed No injury at 1 and 2 lb ai per acre; good b.pdf spray Stamps 1992 Ground spray Stamps 1992 Ground spray control of weeds. No impact of 4 consecutive applications over 2 years at 1 and 2 lb ai per acre; poor to fair weed control (long-stalked phyllanthus, hairy bittercress, American burnweed). No impact of 4 consecutive applications over 2 years at 1 and 2 lb ai per acre; poor to fair weed control (long-stalked phyllanthus, hairy bittercress, American burnweed) a.pdf b.pdf Senesac 1996 Over the top Significant injury at 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 lb c.pdf ai per acre with single application. Ahrens & 1998 Broadcast Very slight to slight injury at 0.5, 1.0, m.pdf Mervosh and 2.0 lb ai per acre. Derr 2006 Over the top Stand and growth reduction at all rates m.pdf Neal 2006 Over the top No to moderate injury increasing with g.pdf rate (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 lb ai per acre). Derr 2006 Over the top No stand or growth reduction at all m.pdf rates. Neal 2006 Over the top No injury at 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 lb ai per acre g.pdf Senesac 2010 Over the top Severe crop injury (70-100%) with 2 applications 1-4WAT at 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 lb ai per acre. One application caused 78% injury 4WAT at 2.0 lb ai per acre. Gilliam 2010 Over the top Moderate to high crop injury with the second application at 0.5, 1.09, 2.0 lb ai/a and reduced growth at the 4x rate d.pdf c.pdf

10 10 Crop PR # Latin Name Common Name Buddleia davidii B. Butterfly Bush 'Nanho White' Callirhoe involucrata Cerastium tomentosum Chasmanthium latifolium Chrysalidocarpus lutescens C. madagascariensis Chrysanthemum/De ndranthema x morifolium 'Jennifer' Poppy Mallow Snow-In-Summer Northern Sea Oats, Wild Oats Palm, Areca Hardy Mum Production Site In- Ground Cornus kousa Dogwood, Kousa Cupressocyparis leylandii Cupressocyparis leylandii Cupressocyparis leylandii Cypress, Leyland Cypress, Leyland Cypress, Leyland Cyrtomium Fern, Holly falcatum 'Rochfodii' Cyrtomium fortunei Fern, Japanese Holly Cyrtomium fortunei Fern, Japanese Holly Trial Application Researcher(s) Year Type Results File Name Derr 2010 Over the top No crop injury observed 5 and 46 DAT g.pdf with 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 lb ai per acre. Increasing control of eclipta, crabgrass, spotted spurge and annual sedge with increasing rates. Klett 1995 Over the top No injury at 1 and 2 lb ai per acre; d.pdf excellent weed control (purslane, common groundsel, barnyardgrass, yellow foxtail, and annual bluegrass). Klett 1993 Over the top No injury with single application of e.pdf and 2 lb ai per acre; good control of pigweed, common groundsel, shepherd's purse, barnyardgrass, yellow foxtail, annual bluegrass, and purslane. Fain 2002 Over the top No injury with single application of 1, d.pdf and 4 lb ai per acre. Broschat 1999 Over the top No injury with 1 and 2 lb ai per acre n.pdf Klett 1995 Over the top Moderate to significant injury k.pdf increasing with rate (1, 2, lb ai per acre); excellent control of purslane, common groundsel, barnyardgrass, yellow foxtail and annual bluegrass. DeFrancesco 2010 Over the top Slight to moderate crop injury b.pdf predominately on youngest foliage with one or two applications at 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 lb ai/a. Fraelich 1996 Broadcast No injury with single pre-emergent i.pdf application us 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 lb ai per acre; some control of oxalis. Glaze 1993 Broadcast No injury with single post-emergent h.pdf application using 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 lb ai per acre; excellent weed control. Glaze 1992 Broadcast No injury with single pre-emergent g.pdf application using 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 lb ai per acre; excellent weed control. Gilliam 2004 Over the top No significant injury or growth a.pdf reduction at 1 and 2 lb ai per acre Derr 2006 Over the top No stand or growth reduction at all m.pdf rates. Gilliam 2007 Over the top No injury at 0.5, 1 and 2 lb ai per acre; i.pdf slight growth reduction at the highest rate

11 11 Crop Production PR # Latin Name Common Name Site Cyrtomium fortunei Fern, Japanese Holly Delosperma Hardy Ice Plant, nubigenum Yellow Ice Plant Digitalis sp. D. purpurea Digitalis sp. D. purpurea 'Excelsior' Digitalis sp. D. purpurea 'Excelsior' Doronicum sp. D. cordatum Dryopteris erythrosora Dryopteris erythrosora Dryopteris erythrosora Dryopteris ludoviciana Dryopteris marginalis Dryopteris marginalis Dryopteris x australis Dryopteris x australis Dryopteris x australis Dryopteris x australis Echinacea sp. E. purpurea Foxglove Foxglove Foxglove Leopards-Bane Fern, Autumn Fern, Autumn Fern, Autumn Fern, Southern Shield Fern, Marginal Wood Fern, Marginal Wood Fern, Dixie Wood Fern, Dixie Wood Fern, Dixie Wood Fern, Dixie Wood Purple Coneflower Trial Application Researcher(s) Year Type Results File Name Neal 2006 Over the top Slight injury increasing with rate (0.5, g.pdf 1.0, 2.0 lb ai per acre.) Klett 1995 Over the top No injury with single application of j.pdf and 2 lb ai per acre; excellent control of purslane, common groundsel, barnyardgrass, yellow foxtail and annual bluegrass. Klett 1994 Drench Mortality at both application rates (1 ad m.pdf 2 lb ai per acre). Klett 1992 Drench Significant chlorosis followed by plant l.pdf death at 1 and 2 lb ai per acre. Senesac 1996 Over the top Mortality resulted from single n.pdf application of 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 lb ai per acre. Klett 1994 Drench Due to Phytophthora disease no crop o.pdf injury could be assessed; excellent control of purslane, common groundsel, shepherd' purse, yellow foxtail and annual bluegrass. Derr 2006 Over the top No stand or growth reduction at all m.pdf rates. Gilliam 2004 Over the top No injury at 1.0 and 2.0 lb ai per acre a.pdf Neal 2006 Over the top No injury at 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 lb ai per acre g.pdf Gilliam 2004 Over the top No significant injury at 1.0 and 2.0 lb ai a.pdf per acre. Gilliam 2007 Over the top No injury at 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 lb ai per i.pdf acre. Senesac 2006 Over the top No injury at all rates b.pdf Derr 2006 Over the top No stand reduction but growth reduced m.pdf at all rates. Gilliam 2007 Over the top No injury or growth reduction at 0.5, i.pdf and 2 lb ai per acre. Gilliam 2006 Over the top No injury or growth reduction at all x.pdf rates. Neal 2006 Over the top No injury at 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 lb ai per acre g.pdf Derr 1993 Over the top Slight to moderate injury increasing with rate (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 lb ai per acre) with reduction in stand; excellent control of spotted spurge and yellow woodsorrel p.pdf

12 PR # Latin Name Festuca ovina glauca F. cinerea 'Sea Urchin' Festuca ovina glauca F. ovina 'Elijah Blue' Gaillardia sp. G. aristata Crop Common Name Blue Fescue Blue Fescue Blanket Flower Production Site Gaillardia sp. G. x Blanket Flower grandiflora Geum sp. Avens In- Ground Geum sp. 'Mrs. Bradshaw' Geum sp. 'Mrs. Bradshaw' Gypsophila elegans G. paniculata 'Pink Fairy' Gypsophila elegans G. paniculata 'Snowflake' Hemerocallis sp. 'Stella de Oro' Kniphofia sp. K. caulescens Kniphofia sp. K. caulescens Avens Avens Baby's Breath Baby's Breath Daylily Poker Plant, Red-Hot- Poker Poker Plant, Red-Hot- Poker Trial Application Researcher(s) Year Type Results File Name Klett 1995 Over the top No injury with single application of q.pdf and 2 lb ai per acre; excellent control of purslane, common groundsel, barnyardgrass, yellow foxtail and annual bluegrass. Ahrens & 1998 Broadcast No injury with 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 lb ai per o.pdf Mervosh acre. Klett 1994 Drench No injury with single application of 1 and 2 lb ai per acre; excellent control of purslane, common groundsel, barnyardgrass, yellow foxtail and annual bluegrass. Fare 1997 Foliar No injury with single application of 0.5, 1 and 2 lb ai per acre. Elmore 1993 Broadcast No injury with single application of 0.5, 1 and 2 lb ai per acre; excellent broadleaved weed control. Klett 1992 Drench No injury at 1 and 2 lb ai per acre; excellent control of purslane, common groundsel, barnyardgrass, yellow foxtail and annual bluegrass. Linderman 1993 Foliar No injury with single application of 0.5, 1 and 2 lb ai per acre. Klett 1995 Over the top No injury at 1 and 2 lb ai per acre; excellent control of purslane, common Ferree 1992 Broadcast groundsel, barnyardgrass, yellow foxtail and annual bluegrass. No injury with single application at 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 lb ai per acre. Ferree 1992 Broadcast No significant difference with 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 lb ai per acre. Klett 2010 Over the top Trial 2: no crop injury from 0.66, 1.32, 2.64 lb ai/a. No differences among 1x, 2x, 4x rates in height, width, dry mass or weed control compared to weeded control. Klett 2010 Over the top Trial 1: no crop injury from 0.66, 1.32, 2.64 lb ai/a. Treated containers had fewer weeds than weeded control r.pdf p.pdf q.pdf s.pdf r.pdf u.pdf t.pdf v.pdf a.pdf a.pdf 12

13 13 PR # Latin Name Leucanthemum maximum Leucanthemum maximum 'Alaska' Leucanthemum maximum 'Snow Lady' Limonium sp. L. latifolia Limonium sp. L. latifolium Matteuccia struthiopteris Crop Common Name Shasta Daisy Shasta Daisy Shasta Daisy Statice Statice Fern, Ostrich Production Site In- Ground Matteuccia Fern, Ostrich struthiopteris Matteuccia Fern, Ostrich struthiopteris Onoclea sensibilis Fern, Sensitive Onoclea sensibilis Fern, Sensitive Origanum Hopflower Oregano libanoticum Origanum libanoticum Hopflower Oregano Osmunda Fern, Cinnamon cinnamomea Osmunda Fern, Cinnamon cinnamomea Osmunda Fern, Cinnamon cinnamomea Osmunda Fern, Cinnamon cinnamomea Osmunda regalis Fern, Royal Trial Application Researcher(s) Year Type Results File Name Fare 1996 Foliar Slight to severe injury (leaf distortion w.pdf and stunting) increasing with rate (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 lb ai per acre), but by 60 DAT plants had outgrown symptoms. Klett 1992 Drench Significant injury with single f.pdf application at 1 and 2 lb ai per acre; mediocre weed control. Fare 1997 Foliar Minor to moderate injury increasing s.pdf with rate (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 lb ai per acre), but all plants marketable at 60 DAT. Ferree 1992 Broadcast No difference among treatments (0, 0.5, y.pdf 1.0, and 2.0 lb ai per acre). Klett 1994 Drench No injury at 1 and 2 lb ai per acre; x.pdf excellent control of purslane, common groundsel, barnyardgrass, yellow foxtail and annual bluegrass. Derr 2006 Broadcast No growth reduction at all rates; stand m.pdf over the top reduction at higher rates after second application Neal 2006 Over the top No injury at 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 lb ai per acre g.pdf Senesac 2006 Over the top Significant injury at all rates with some b.pdf recovery. Derr 2006 Over the top No stand or growth reduction at all m.pdf rates. Neal 2006 Over the top No injury at 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 lb ai per acre g.pdf Klett 2002 Directed spray Klett 2002 Directed spray Trial 2: No injury with single application of 1, 2 and 4 lb ai per acre; good control of broadleaved weeds. Trial 1: No injury with single application of 1, 2 and 4 lb ai per acre; good control of broadleaved weeds l.pdf l.pdf Derr 2006 Over the top No stand or growth reduction at all m.pdf rates. Gilliam 2006 Over the top No injury or growth reduction at all x.pdf rates. Neal 2006 Over the top All plants grew poorly regardless of g.pdf treatment. Senesac 2006 Over the top No injury at all rates b.pdf Derr 2006 Over the top No stand or growth reduction at all rates m.pdf

14 14 Crop Production PR # Latin Name Common Name Site Osmunda regalis Fern, Royal Pennisetum Chinese Pennisetum alopecuroides 'Hamelin' Penstemon sp. P. digitalis 'Husker's Red' Beard-Tongue Phalaris Ribbon-Grass, arundinacea 'Picta' Gardeners-Garters Phoenix roebelinii Palm, Pygmy Date Poa pratensis 'Challenger' Polystichum acrostichoides Polystichum acrostichoides Polystichum acrostichoides Polystichum acrostichoides Polystichum acrostichoides Polystichum polyblepharum Polystichum polyblepharum Polystichum polyblepharum Polystichum polyblepharum Polystichum polyblepharum Potentilla sp. P. tabernaemontani Rudbeckia sp. R. fulgida 'Golstrum' Rumohra adiantiformis Trial Application Researcher(s) Year Type Results File Name Neal 2006 Over the top No injury at 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 lb ai per acre g.pdf Ahrens & Mervosh 1998 Over the top No injury with single application of 0.5, 1 and 2 lb ai per acre. Senesac 1996 Over the top Slight to moderate injury increasing with rate (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 lb ai per acre). Ahrens & 1998 Broadcast No injury with single application of 0.5, Mervosh 1 and 2 lb ai per acre. Broschat 1999 Foliar No injury with single application of 1 and 2 lb ai per acre. Kentucky Bluegrass Turf Klett 1993 Over the top No injury at 1 and 2 lb ai per acre; excellent control of pigweed, purslane, common groundsel, barnyardgrass, yellow foxtail and annual bluegrass. Fern, Christmas Fern, Christmas Fern, Christmas Fern, Christmas Fern, Christmas Fern, Tassel Fern, Tassel Fern, Tassel Fern, Tassel Fern, Tassel Cinquefoil In- Ground Coneflower Fern, Leatherleaf Greenhouse Stamps 1992 Ground spray t.pdf z.pdf u.pdf v.pdf a.pdf Derr 2006 Over the top No stand reduction but growth reduced m.pdf at all rates. Gilliam 2006 Over the top No injury or growth reduction at all x.pdf rates. Gilliam 2007 Over the top No injury or growth reduction at 0.5, i.pdf and 2 lb ai per acre. Neal 2006 Over the top No injury at 0.5 and 1.0 lb ai per acre, g.pdf but slight injury with 2.0 lb ai per acre. Senesac 2006 Over the top Slight, transient injury at all rates b.pdf Derr 2006 Over the top No stand or growth reduction at all m.pdf rates. Gilliam 2004 No obvious phytotoxicity, but some a.pdf reduction in frond number Gilliam 2006 Over the top Slight injury (browning) at all rates; no x.pdf growth reduction. Neal 2006 Over the top No injury at 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 lb ai per acre g.pdf Senesac 2006 Over the top Slight, transient injury at all rates b.pdf Klett 1993 Drench No injury at 1 and 2 lb ai per acre b.pdf Klett 1992 Drench No visible injury with 1 and 2 lb ai per acre. Transient injury to immature fronds, but no impact on leatherleaf fern yield at 1 and 2 lb ai per acre with 4 applications over 2 years c.pdf d.pdf

15 15 Crop Production Trial Application PR # Latin Name Common Name Site Researcher(s) Year Type Results File Name Ruscus aculeatus Butchers Broom, Greenhouse Stamps 1992 Ground No injury at 1 and 2 lb ai per acre with e.pdf Israeli Ruscus spray applications over 2 years Salvia daghestanica Sage Klett 2002 Directed Trial 2: No visible injury but 1 and 2 lb f.pdf spray ai per acre did moderately stunt treated plants; good control of broadleaved weeds, but poor control of grassy weeds. Salvia daghestanica Sage Klett 2002 Directed Trial 1: No visible injury but 1 and 2 lb spray ai per acre did shorten treated plants; good control of broadleaved weeds, but e.pdf Schizachyrium scoparium 'Blaze' Schizachyrium scoparium 'Blaze' Scutellaria racemosa Scutellaria racemosa Little Blue Stem Little Blue Stem Skullcap Skullcap Sedum sp. S. acre Stonecrop In- Ground Stachys byzantina Lamb's-Ears Stachys byzantina Lamb's-Ears Stachys byzantina Lamb's-Ears In- Ground Stachys byzantina Lamb's-Ears Stachys byzantina Lamb's-Ears In- 'Silver Carpet' Ground Stokesia sp. S. laevis 'Blue Danube' Stokes Aster In- Ground Klett 2010 Broadcast poor control of grassy weeds. Trial 2: no crop injury with 0.66, 1.32, 2.64 lbs ai/a. No differences in height, dry mass or efficacy between treated and weeded check. Klett 2010 Broadcast Trial 1: no crop injury with 0.66, 1.32, 2.64 lbs ai/a. No differences in height, width, dry mass or efficacy between treated and weeded check. Klett 2002 Directed spray Klett 2002 Directed spray Trial 2: No injury at 1 and 2 lb ai per acre; good control of broadleaved weeds. Trial 1: Crop injury could not be evaluated due to crop failure; good control of broadleaved weeds. Klett 1993 Drench No significant injury at 1 and 2 lb ai per acre. Fare 1996 Over the top Significant injury increasing with rate (0.5, lb ai per acre) with some plants dying at the 2.0 lb ai per acre rate. Fare 1995 Over the top Significant injury even mortality increasing with rate (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 lb ai per acre); suppression of mare's tail germination, but not crabgrass. Talbert 1993 Broadcast Minor to significant injury increasing with rate (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 lb ai per acre. Talbert 1993 Over the top Mortality at all tested rates (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 lb ai per acre). Ferree 1993 Broadcast Some potential negative impact, but overall growing conditions were poor for this trial. Ferree 1993 Broadcast Slight injury increasing with rate (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 lb ai per acre) a.pdf a.pdf h.pdf g.pdf f.pdf j.pdf i.pdf k.pdf h.pdf g.pdf l.pdf

16 Crop PR # Latin Name Common Name Stokesia sp. S. Stokes Aster laevis 'Blue Danube' Thymus sp. T. Thyme (Non-Bearing) pseudolanuginosus Veronica sp. V. Speedwell, Brooklime incana Production Site Washingtonia Palm, Mexican Fan robusta Zelkova serrata Japanese Zelkova Trial Application Researcher(s) Year Type Results File Name Klett 1992 Drench No injury at 1 and 2 lb ai per acre m.pdf Klett 1993 Drench Moderate to significant injury increasing with rate (1, 2 lb ai per acre). Klett 1994 Drench No injury at 1 and 2 lb ai per acre; excellent control of pigweed, purslane, common groundsel, barnyardgrass, yellow foxtail and annual bluegrass. Broschat 1999 Foliar No injury with single application of 1 and 2 lb ai per acre. DeFrancesco 2010 Over the top Slight crop injury predominately on youngest foliage with one or two applications at 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 lb ai/a increasing with rate n.pdf o.pdf w.pdf b.pdf 16

17 Label Suggestions For Gallery 75DF, it is suggested that the following three crop species exhibiting no injury in the testing with over-the-top applications of Gallery 75DF be placed on the label. Dryopteris ludoviciana Limonium latifolium Ruscus aculeatus It is advisable to list the following crops as sensitive to isoxaben treatment. (Table 3) Astilbe sp. Athyrium filix-femina Buddleia davidii Dendranthema x morifolium Digitalis purpurea Stachys byzantina Thymus sp 17

18 Appendix 1: Contributing Researchers Dr. John Ahrens Dr. Timothy Broschat (retired) Dr. Joe DeFrancesco Dr. Jeff Derr Dr. Clyde Elmore (retired) Mr. Glenn Fain Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station Valley Laboratory 153 Cook Hill Road, P.O. Box 248 Windsor, CT University of Florida 3205 College Ave Ft Lauderdale, FL Western Region IPM Integrated Plant Protection Center Oregon State University 2057 Cordley Hall Corvallis OR Dept. of Plant Pathology, Physiology and Weed Science Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University HRAREC, Virginia Beach, VA University of California, Davis Weed Science Program Davis, CA Mississippi State University Truck Crops Experiment Station P.O. Box 231 Crystal Springs, MS Ms. Donna Fare UT-OHLD (retired) P.O. Box 1071 Knoxville, Ms. Rhonda J. Ferree (retired) Mr. Ben Fraelich University of Illinois 1031 Plant Science Lab 1201 S. Dorner Dr Urbana, IL USDA-ARS CPES P.O. Box 748 Tifton, GA

19 Dr. Charles Gilliam Dr. N.C. Glaze (retired) Dr. James Klett Dr. Bob Linderman (retired) Dr. Todd Mervosh Dr. Joe Neal Dr. Andy Senesac Dr. Bob Stamps Dr. Ronald Talbert (retired) Auburn University Department of Horticulture 101 Funchess Hall Auburn, AL University of Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station and USDA, SEA-AR Tifton, GA Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture Colorado State University CD 1173 Fort Collins, CO Horticultural Crops Research Lab USDA-ARS 3420 NW Orchard Ave. Corvallis, OR Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station Valley Laboratory 153 Cook Hill Road, P.O. Box 248 Windsor, CT North Carolina State University Department of Horticultural Science 262 Kilgore Hall Box 7609, NCSU Raleigh, NC Long Island Horticultural Research Center Cornell University 3059 Sound Avenue Riverhead, NY University of Florida Central Florida Research & Education Center 2807 Binion Rd Apopka, FL University of Arkansas Agronomy 276 Altheimer Drive Fayettteville, AR

20 Appendix 2: Submitted Data Data on following pages (and contained in a separate binder) are sorted in order by PR number then by researchers last names, with the exception of the fern research reports which are organized by researchers last names. 20