IR-4 Ornamental Horticulture Program Isoxaben Crop Safety

Transcription

1 IR-4 Ornamental Horticulture Program Isoxaben Crop Safety Authors: Cristi L. Palmer and Ely Vea Date: July 25, 2008 Acknowledgements Lori Harrison Ray Frank 1

2 Table of Contents Table of Contents... 2 Table of Tables... 3 Abstract... 4 Introduction... 5 Materials and Methods... 5 Results and Summary... 5 Phytotoxicity... 5 Label Suggestions Appendix 1: Protocol Appendix 2: Contributing Researchers Appendix 3: Submitted Data

3 Table of Tables Table 1. List of Gallery 75DF treated crops with no or minimal transitory injury....6 Table 2. List of Gallery 75DF treated crops with no or minimal transitory injury seen at the 1X rate, but the 2X or 4X rate did cause significant phytotoxicity...6 Table 3. List of Gallery 75DF treated crops exhibiting significant injury at 1X....6 Table 4. List of Gallery 75DF treated crops where more research is needed to clarify response...7 Table 5. Detailed Summary Crop Safety Testing with Gallery 75DF

4 Abstract Gallery 75DF (isoxaben) was initially registered in 1992 for ornamental horticulture uses. This initial label contained an extensive list of ornamental horticulture crops where Gallery could be used without causing phytotoxicity. It also included a short list of crops where Gallery applications were not recommended. Starting in 1992, IR-4 examined 60 crops to expand this label to other crops, including several different fern species grown in field containers. Of these, 16 crop species exhibited no or minimal transient injury with 5 already placed on the Gallery label. Seven crops exhibited injury in this research: Astilbe sp., Athyrium filix-femina, Dendranthema x morifolium, Digitalis purpurea, Echinacea purpurea, Stachys byzantine, and Thymus sp. 4

5 Introduction Gallery 75DF (isoxaben) was initially registered in 1992 for ornamental horticulture uses. This initial label contained an extensive list of ornamental horticulture crops where Gallery could be used without causing phytotoxicity. It also included a short list of crops where Gallery applications were not recommended. Starting in 1992, IR-4 examined 60 crops to expand this label to other crops, including several different fern species grown in field containers. Materials and Methods Several different protocols were used between 1992 and 2007 to test Gallery 75DF (isoxaben) crop safety. In the early work, a single application of 1.0 and 2.0 lb ai per acre were used with some researchers including 0.5 lb ai per acre. In the later research, two applications were made approximately 30 days apart using 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 lb ai per acre, plus a water treated control. A minimum of four plants (replicate treatments) were required with many researchers exceeding this minimum. In the more recent research, phytotoxicity was recorded on a scale of 0 to 10 (0 = o phytotoxicity; 10 = Complete kill) at 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after initial application, but in the earlier research other scales were utilized. Some researchers also included readings 3 to 4 days after the initial and second applications. For more detailed materials and methods, please see Appendix 1: Protocols and review closely the researcher reports. Gallery 75DF was supplied to researchers (See list of researchers in Appendix 2) by Dow Agro Sciences. Results and Summary Phytotoxicity Based on the type and nature of injury seen with Gallery 75DF applications in the research conducted in 2004 and 2005, tested plant species were placed into four categories: 1) no significant phytotoxicity or growth differences from the untreated check or any injury was transitory, 2) injury was seen but additional research is warranted to clarify response, 3) no or minimal transitory injury seen at the 1X rate, but the 2X and/or 4X rates did cause significant phytotoxicity, 4) Significant injury sufficient to recommend growers not utilize this product. In testing from 1992 through 2007, Gallery 75 DF exhibited no or minimal negative impact on 16 plant species (Table 1). Of these many have already been placed on the Gallery label as label expansions have occurred. Some minimal injury may be acceptable for growers if applications are made several weeks to months in advance of crop sale particularly for woody ornamental crops. Two crop species, exhibited no or little injury at the 0.5 or 1.0 lb ai per acre rates, but significant phytotoxicity occurred at the 2.0 lb ai per acre rate (Table 2). 5

6 There were 5 crops in the testing that exhibited damage sufficient to recommend growers not utilize Gallery 75DF as an over-the- treatment for pre-emergent weed control (Table 3). With 34 plants, IR-4 has not generated sufficient information to categorize crop response to Gallery 75 DF applications. It is recommended additional trials be conducted to clarify their response (Table 4). However, 15 have already been placed on the Gallery label based upon other research. Please see Table 5 for a list of research on Gallery 75 DF research conducted since 1992 and the summary of the results received. Table 1. List of Gallery 75DF treated crops with no or minimal transitory injury. Achillea millefolium * Aquilegia sp. Artemisia lactiflora Athyrium nipponicum * Cupressocyparis leylandii * Cyrtomium fortunei Dryopteris erythrosora Dryopteris ludoviciana Dryopteris marginalis Dryopteris x australis Leucanthemum maximum* * Already registered ** Crop safety testing was conducted with 4 applications over 2 years. Limonium sp. Matteuccia struthiopteris Onoclea sensibilis Origanum libanoticum Osmunda cinnamomea Osmunda regalis Polystichum acrostichoides Polystichum polyblepharum * Ruscus aculeatus ** Salvia daghestanica Table 2. List of Gallery 75DF treated crops with no or minimal transitory injury seen at the 1X rate, but the 2X or 4X rate did cause significant phytotoxicity Athyrium filix-femina Echinacea purpurea * * Already registered Table 3. List of Gallery 75DF treated crops exhibiting significant injury at 1X. Astilbe sp. Dendranthema x morifolium Digitalis purpurea Stachys byzantina Thymus sp. 6

7 Table 4. List of Gallery 75DF treated crops where more research is needed to clarify response Abies balsamea var phanerolepsis * Adiantum pedatum Antennaria sp. Arachniodes simplicor Asparagus virgatus * Aspidistra elatior Callirhoe involucrata Cerastium tomentosum * Chasmanthium latifolium Chrysalidocarpus madagascariensis * Cyrtomium falcatum Delosperma nubigenum * Doronicum sp. Festuca cinerea * Festuca ovina glauca * Gaillardia aristata Gaillardia x grandiflora * Already registered Geum sp. * Gypsophila elegans * Hemerocallis sp. * Pennisetum alopecuroides * Penstemon sp. Phalaris arundinacea * Phoenix roebelinii * Poa pratensis * Potentilla sp. Rudbeckia sp. * Rumohra adiantiformis Scutellaria racemosa Sedum sp. Stokesia sp. Veronica sp. Washingtonia robusta 7

8 Table 5. Detailed Summary Crop Safety Testing with Gallery 75DF. otes: Table entries are sorted by crop Latin name. Only those reports received by 7/22/2008 are included. 8 PR # Crop Production Common ame Latin ame Cultivar Site Fir Abies sp. A. balsamea var Inphanerolepsis Ground arrow Achillea millefolium arrow Achillea millefolium arrow Achillea millefolium 'Cloth of Gold' In- Ground arrow Achillea millefolium 'Pink Deb' Fern, American Adiantum pedatum Maidenhair Fern, American Maidenhair Pussy-Toes, Everlasting Adiantum pedatum Antennaria sp Columbine Aquilegia sp. A. cearula 'McKana's Giant' Researcher(s) ear Application Type Results Summary Ahrens/Mervosh 2001 Over the o visible injury with dormant application of 1, 2, and 4 lb at per acre; good broadleaved weed control, but poor grassy weed control. Klett 1993 Soil Drench o injury or growth reduction with single pre-emergent application at 1 and 2 lb ai per acre; excellent control of pigweed, common groundsel, shepherd purse, barnyard grass, yellow foxtail, and annual bluegrass. Elmore 1993 Broadcast Very slight, non-significant injury, with no impact on salability at all tested rates (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 lb ai per acre; excellent control of broadleaved weeds. Ahrens/Mervosh 1998 Over the o to very slight injury increasing with rate (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 lb ai per acre) with complete recovery by 3 MAT. Fare 1997 Foliar o injury at 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 lb ai per acre. Derr 2007 Over the o injury at 0.5, 1 and 2 lb ai per acre; excellent control of spotted spurge and eclipta at the higher rates Senesac 2006 Spray over o data due to limited emergence. Klett 1993 Soil Drench Due to poor plant health and overwatering, no phytotoxicity data were taken; Excellent control of pigweed, common groundsel, shepherd's purse, barnyardgrass, yellow foxtail and annual bluegrass. Klett 1994 Soil Drench o injury with single pre-emergent application of 1 and 2 lb ai per acre; Excellent control of purslane, common groundsel, shepherd's purse, barnyardgrass, yellow foxtail and annual bluegrass. Labeled

9 9 PR # Crop Production Common ame Latin ame Cultivar Site Columbine Aquilegia sp. A. hybrida 'Dragon Fly' Fern, Variegated Arachniodes 'Variegata' Leatherleaf simplicor Mugwort, White Artemisia lactiflora 'Guizho' Mugwort, White Artemisia lactiflora 'Guizho' Fern, Tree Asparagus virgatus Shadehouse/ Lathehouse Cast-Iron Plant, Ker-Gawl Aspidistra elatior Shadehouse/ Lathehouse False Spirea Astilbe sp False Spirea Astilbe sp. A. x aren 'Gloria Purpurea' Fern, Lady Athyrium filixfemina Fern, Lady Athyrium filixfemina Fern, Lady Athyrium nipponicum Fern, Lady Athyrium nipponicum Poppy Mallow Callirhoe involucrata Snow-In- Summer orthern Sea Oats, Wild Oats Cerastium tomentosum Chasmanthium latifolium In- Ground Researcher(s) ear Application Type Results Summary Labeled Ahrens/Mervosh 1998 Broadcast Very slight, nonsignificant injury with 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 lb ai per acre. Gilliam 2004 o injury. Klett 2002 Directed spray o injury at 1 and 2 lb ai per acre; good control of weeds. Klett 2002 Directed o injury at 1 lb ai per acre (the 2 lb spray ai per acre could not be rated due to crop failure); good broadleaved weed control. Stamps 1992 Ground o impact of 4 consecutive spray applications over 2 years at 1 and 2 lb ai per acre; poor to fair weed control (long-stalked phyllanthus, hairy bittercress, american burnweed). Stamps 1992 Ground o impact of 4 consecutive spray applications over 2 years at 1 and 2 lb ai per acre; poor to fair weed control (long-stalked phyllanthus, hairy bittercress, american burnweed). Senesac 1996 Over the Significant injury at 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 lb ai per acre with single application. Ahrens/Mervosh 1998 Broadcast Very slight to slight injury at 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 lb ai per acre. eal 2006 o to moderate injury increasing with rate (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 lb ai per acre). Derr 2006 Spray over Stand and growth reduction at all rates. eal 2006 o injury at 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 lb ai per acre. Derr 2006 Spray over o stand or growth reduction at all rates. Klett 1995 Over the o injury at 1 and 2 lb ai per acre; excellent weed control (purslane, common groundsel, barnyardgrass, yellow foxtail, and annual bluegrass). Klett 1993 Over the o injury with single application of 1 and 2 lb ai per acre; good control of pigweed, commongroundsel, shepherd's purse, barnyardgrass, yellow foxtail, annual bluegrass, and purslane. Fain 2002 Over the o injury with single application of 1, 2 and 4 lb ai per acre.

10 10 PR # Crop Production Common ame Latin ame Cultivar Site Palm, Areca Chrysalidocarpus C. lutescens madagascariensis Cypress, Cupressocyparis Leyland leylandii Cypress, Leyland Cypress, Leyland Cupressocyparis leylandii Cupressocyparis leylandii Fern, Holly Cyrtomium falcatum 'Rochfodii' Fern, Japanese Cyrtomium fortunei Holly Fern, Japanese Cyrtomium fortunei Holly Fern, Japanese Cyrtomium fortunei Holly Hardy Ice Plant, ellow Ice Plant Delosperma nubigenum Hardy Mum Dendranthema x morifolium 'Jennifer' Foxglove Digitalis sp. D. purpurea Foxglove Digitalis sp. D. purpurea 'Excelsior' Foxglove Digitalis sp. D. purpurea 'Excelsior' Leopards-Bane Doronicum sp. D. cordatum Fern, Autumn Dryopteris erythrosora Researcher(s) ear Application Results Summary Labeled Type Broschat 1999 Over the o injury with 1 and 2 lb ai per acre. Fraelich 1996 Broadcast o injury with single pre-emergent application us 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 lb ai per acre; some control of oxalis. Glaze 1992 Broadcast o injury with single pre-emergent application using 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 lb ai per acre; excellent weed control. Glaze 1993 Broadcast o injury with single post-emergent application using 0.5, 1.0,and 2.0 lb ai per acre; excellent weed control. Gilliam 2004 o injury. eal 2006 Slight injury increasing with rate (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 lb ai per acre.) Derr 2006 Spray over o stand or growth reduction at all rates. Gilliam 2007 Over the o injury at 0.5, 1 and 2 lb ai per acre; slight growth reduction at the highest rate Klett 1995 Over the o injury with single application of 1 and 2 lb ai per acre; excellent control of purslane, common groundsel, barnyardgrass, yellow foxtail and annual bluegrass. Klett 1995 Over the Moderate to significant injury increasing with rate (1, 2, lb ai per acre); excellent control of purslane, common groundsel, barnyardgrass, yellow foxtail and annual bluegrass. Klett 1994 Soil Drench Mortality at both application rates (1 and 2 lb ai per acre). Klett 1992 Drench Significant chlorosis followed by plant death at 1 and 2 lb ai per acre. Senesac 1996 Over the Mortality resulted from single application of 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 lb ai per acre. Klett 1994 Soil Drench Due to Phyhthora disease no crop injury could be assessed; excellent control of purslane, common groundsel, shepherd's purse, yellow foxtail and annual bluegrass. Gilliam 2004 Over the o injury at 1.0 and 2.0 lb ai per acre.

11 11 PR # Crop Production Common ame Latin ame Cultivar Site Fern, Autumn Dryopteris erythrosora Fern, Autumn Dryopteris erythrosora Fern, Southern Dryopteris Shield ludoviciana Fern, Marginal Dryopteris Wood marginalis Fern, Marginal Dryopteris Wood marginalis Fern, Dixie Dryopteris x Wood australis Fern, Dixie Dryopteris x Wood australis Fern, Dixie Dryopteris x Wood australis Fern, Dixie Dryopteris x Wood australis Purple Echinacea sp. E. purpurea Coneflower Blue Fescue Festuca ovina glauca F. cinerea 'Sea Urchin' Blue Fescue Festuca ovina glauca F. ovina 'Elijah Blue' Blanket Flower Gaillardia sp. G. aristata Blanket Flower Gaillardia sp. G. x grandiflora Avens Geum sp. In- Ground Avens Geum sp. 'Mrs. Bradshaw' Researcher(s) ear Application Type Results Summary eal 2006 Over the o injury at 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 lb ai per acre. Derr 2006 Spray over o stand or growth reduction at all rates. Gilliam 2004 Over the o significant injury at 1.0 and 2.0 lb ai per acre. Gilliam 2007 Over the o injury at 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 lb ai per acre. Senesac 2006 Spray over o injury at all rates. Gilliam 2006 Over the o injury or growth reduction at all rates. eal 2006 o injury at 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 lb ai per acre. Derr 2006 Spray over o stand reduction but growth reduced at all rates. Gilliam 2007 Over the o injury or growth reduction at 0.5, 1 and 2 lb ai per acre. Derr 1993 Over the Slight to moderate injury increasing with rate (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 lb ai per acre) with reduction in stand; excellent control of spotted spurge and yellow woodsorrel. Klett 1995 Over the o injury with single application of 1 and 2 lb ai per acre; excellent control of purslane, common groundsel, barnyardgrass, yellow foxtail and annual bluegrass. Ahrens/Mervosh 1998 Broadcast o injury with 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 lb ai per acre. Klett 1994 Soil Drench o injury with single application of 1 and 2 lb ai per acre; excellent control of purslane, common groundsel, barnyardgrass, yellow foxtail and annual bluegrass. Fare 1997 Foliar o injury with single application of 0.5, 1 and 2 lb ai per acre. Elmore 1993 Broadcast o injury with single application of 0.5, 1 and 2 lb ai per acre; excellent broadleaved weed control. Klett 1992 Drench o injury at 1 and 2 lb ai per acre; excellent control of purslane, common groundsel, barnyardgrass, yellow foxtail and annual bluegrass. Labeled

12 12 PR # Crop Production Common ame Latin ame Cultivar Site Avens Geum sp. 'Mrs. Bradshaw' Baby's-Breath Gypsophila elegans G. paniculata 'Pink Fairy' Baby's-Breath Gypsophila elegans G. paniculata 'Snowflake' Daylily Hemerocallis sp. 'Stella de Oro' Shasta Daisy Leucanthemum maximum Shasta Daisy Leucanthemum maximum Shasta Daisy Leucanthemum maximum 'Alaska' 'Snow Lady' Statice Limonium sp. L. latifolia In- Ground Statice Limonium sp. L. latifolium Fern, Ostrich Matteuccia struthiopteris Fern, Ostrich Matteuccia struthiopteris Fern, Ostrich Matteuccia struthiopteris Fern, Sensitive Onoclea sensibilis Fern, Sensitive Onoclea sensibilis Hopflower Origanum Oregano libanoticum Hopflower Oregano Origanum libanoticum Researcher(s) ear Application Type Results Summary Linderman 1993 Foliar o injury with single application of 0.5, 1 and 2 lb ai per acre. Klett 1995 Over the o injury at 1 and 2 lb ai per acre; excellent control of purslane, common groundsel, barnyardgrass, yellow foxtail and annual bluegrass. Ferree 1992 Broadcast o injury with single application at 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 lb ai per acre. Ferree 1992 Broadcast o significant difference with 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 lb ai per acre. Fare 1996 Foliar Slight to severe injury (leaf distortion and stunting) increasing with rate (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 lb ai per acre), but by 60 DAT plants had outgrown symptoms. Klett 1992 Drench Significant injury with single application at 1 and 2 lb ai per acre; mediocre weed control. Fare 1997 Foliar Minor to moderate injury increasing with rate (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 lb ai per acre), but all plants marketable at 60DAT. Ferree 1992 Broadcast o difference among treatments (0, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 lb ai per acre). Klett 1994 Soil Drench o injury at 1 and 2 lb ai per acre; excellent control of purslane, common groundsel, barnyardgrass, yellow foxtail and annual bluegrass. eal 2006 o injury at 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 lb ai per acre. Derr 2006 Broadcast o growth reduction at all rates; stand over reduction at higher rates after second application Senesac 2006 Spray over Significant injury at all rates with some recovery. eal 2006 o injury at 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 lb ai per acre. Derr 2006 Spray over o stand or growth reduction at all Klett 2002 Directed spray Klett 2002 Directed spray rates. Trial 1: o injury with single application of 1, 2 and 4 lb ai per acre; good control of broadleaved weeds. Trial 2: o injury with single application of 1, 2 and 4 lb ai per acre; good control of broadleaved weeds. Labeled

13 13 PR # Crop Production Common ame Latin ame Cultivar Site Fern, Cinnamon Osmunda cinnamomea Fern, Cinnamon Osmunda cinnamomea Fern, Cinnamon Osmunda cinnamomea Fern, Cinnamon Osmunda cinnamomea Fern, Royal Osmunda regalis Fern, Royal Osmunda regalis Chinese Pennisetum 'Hamelin' Pennisetum alopecuroides Beard-Tongue Penstemon sp. P. digitalis 'Husker's Red' Ribbon-Grass, Phalaris 'Picta' Gardeners- arundinacea Garters Palm, Pygmy Phoenix roebelinii Date Kentucky Bluegrass Fern, Tassel Polystichium polyblepharum Fern, Tassel Polystichium polyblepharum Fern, Tassel Polystichium polyblepharum Fern, Tassel Polystichium polyblepharum Fern, Tassel Polystichium polyblepharum Fern, Christmas Polystichum acrostichoides Fern, Christmas Polystichum acrostichoides Fern, Christmas Polystichum acrostichoides Researcher(s) ear Application Type Results Summary Gilliam 2006 Over the o injury or growth reduction at all rates. eal 2006 All plants grew poorly regardless of treatment. Derr 2006 Spray over o stand or growth reduction at all rates. Senesac 2006 Spray over o injury at all rates. eal 2006 o injury at 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 lb ai per acre. Derr 2006 Spray over o stand or growth reduction at all rates. Ahrens/Mervosh 1998 Over the o injury with single application of 0.5, 1 and 2 lb ai per acre. Senesac 1996 Over the Slight to moderate injury increasing with rate (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 lb ai per acre). Ahrens/Mervosh 1998 Broadcast o injury with single application of 0.5, 1 and 2 lb ai per acre. Broschat 1999 Foliar o injury with single application of 1 and 2 lb ai per acre. Poa pratensis 'Challenger' Turf Klett 1993 Over the o injury at 1 and 2 lb ai per acre; excellent control of pigweed, purslane, common groundsel, barnyardgrass, yellow foxtail and annual bluegrass. Gilliam 2004 o obvious phytotoxicity, but some reduction in frond number Gilliam 2006 Over the Slight injury (browning) at all rates; no growth reduction. eal 2006 o injury at 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 lb ai per acre. Derr 2006 Spray over o stand or growth reduction at all rates. Senesac 2006 Spray over Slight, transient injury at all rates. Gilliam 2006 Over the o injury or growth reduction at all rates. eal 2006 o injury at 0.5 and 1.0 lb ai per acre, but slight injury with 2.0 lb ai per acre. Derr 2006 Spray over o stand reduction but growth reduced at all rates. Labeled

14 14 PR # Crop Production Common ame Latin ame Cultivar Site Fern, Christmas Polystichum acrostichoides Fern, Christmas Polystichum acrostichoides Cinquefoil Potentilla sp. P. tabernaemontani In- Ground Coneflower Rudbeckia sp. R. fulgida 'Golstrum' Fern, Rumohra Leatherleaf adiantiformis Butchers Broom, Israeli Ruscus Researcher(s) ear Application Type Results Summary Labeled Gilliam 2007 Over the o injury or growth reduction at 0.5, 1 and 2 lb ai per acre. Senesac 2006 Spray over Slight, transient injury at all rates. Klett 1993 Soil Drench o injury at 1 and 2 lb ai per acre. Klett 1992 Drench o visible injury with 1 and 2 lb ai per acre. Transient injury to immature fronds, but no impact on leatherleaf fern yield at 1 and 2 lb ai per acre with 4 applications over 2 years. Greenhouse Stamps 1992 Ground spray Ruscus aculeatus Greenhouse Stamps 1992 Ground spray Sage Salvia daghestanica Sage Salvia daghestanica Skullcap Scutellaria racemosa Skullcap Scutellaria racemosa Stonecrop Sedum sp. S. acre In- Ground Lamb's-Ears Stachys byzantina Lamb's-Ears Stachys byzantina Lamb's-Ears Stachys byzantina Klett 2002 Directed spray Klett 2002 Directed spray Klett 2002 Directed spray Klett 2002 Directed spray o injury at 1 and 2 lb ai per acre with 4 applications over 2 years. Trial 1: o visible injury but 1 and 2 lb ai per acre did shorten treated plants; good control of broadleaved weeds, but poor control of grassy weeds. Trial 2: o visible injury but 1 and 2 lb ai per acre did moderately stunt treated plants; good control of broadleaved weeds, but poor control of grassy weeds. Trial 1: Crop injury could not be evaluated due to crop failure; good control of broadleaved weeds. Trial 2: o injury at 1 and 2 lb ai per acre; good control of broadleaved weeds. Klett 1993 Soil Drench o significant injury at 1 and 2 lb ai per acre. Fare 1995 Over the Significant injury even mortality increasing with rate (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 lb ai per acre); suppression of mare's tail germination, but not crabgrass. Fare 1996 Over the Significant injury increasing with rate (0.5, lb ai per acre) with some plants dying at the 2.0 lb ai per acre rate. Talbert 1993 Over the Mortality at all tested rates (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 lb ai per acre).

15 PR # Crop Production Common ame Latin ame Cultivar Site Lamb's-Ears Stachys byzantina In- Ground Lamb's-Ears Stachys byzantina 'Silver Carpet' In- Ground Stokes Aster Stokesia sp. S. laevis 'Blue Danube' Stokes Aster Stokesia sp. S. laevis 'Blue Danube' Thyme (on- Thymus sp. T. Bearing) pseudolanuginosus Speedwell, Brooklime Palm, Mexican Fan In- Ground Veronica sp. V. incana Washingtonia robusta Researcher(s) ear Application Type Results Summary Labeled Talbert 1993 Broadcast Minor to significant injury increasing with rate (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 lb ai per acre. Ferree 1993 Broadcast Some potential negative impact, but overall growing conditions were poor for this trial. Klett 1992 Drench o injury at 1 and 2 lb ai per acre. Ferree 1993 Broadcast Slight injury increasing with rate (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 lb ai per acre). Klett 1993 Drench Moderate to significant injury increasing with rate (1, 2 lb ai per acre). Klett 1994 Soil Drench o injury at 1 and 2 lb ai per acre; excellent control of pigweed, purslane, common groundsel, barnyardgrass, yellow foxtail and annual bluegrass. Foliar Broschat 1999 o injury with single application of 1 and 2 lb ai per acre. 15

16 Label Suggestions It is suggested that the 16 crop genera or species exhibiting no injury in these experiments be added to the Gallary 75DF label. These crops were demonstrated to have no or transient miminal injury at up to 2 lb ai per acre, or twice the highest labeled rate. Aquilegia sp. Artemisia lactiflora Cyrtomium fortunei Dryopteris erythrosora Dryopteris ludoviciana Dryopteris marginalis Dryopteris x australis Limonium sp. Matteuccia struthiopteris Onoclea sensibilis Origanum libanoticum Osmunda cinnamomea Osmunda regalis Polystichum acrostichoides Ruscus aculeatus Salvia daghestanica It is suggested the six crops exhibiting injury in the researcher reports be added to the list where applications are not recommended: Astilbe sp., Athyrium filix-femina, Dendranthema x morifolium, Digitalis purpurea, Stachys byzantine, and Thymus sp. 16

17 Appendix 1: Protocol 17

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23 Appendix 2: Contributing Researchers Dr. John Ahrens Dr. Timothy Broschat (retired) Dr. Jeff Derr Dr. Clyde Elmore (retired) Mr. Glenn Fain Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station Valley Laboratory 153 Cook Hill Road, P.O. Box 248 Windsor, CT University of Florida 3205 College Ave Ft Lauderdale, FL Dept. of Plant Pathology, Physiology and Weed Science Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University HRAREC, Virginia Beach, VA University of California, Davis Weed Science Program Davis, CA Mississippi State University Truck Crops Experiment Station P.O.Box 231 Crystal Springs, MS Ms. Donna Fare UT-OHLD (retired) P.O. Box 1071 Knoxville, Ms. Rhonda J. Ferree (retired) Mr. Ben Fraelich Dr. Charles Gilliam University of Illinois 1031 Plant Science Lab 1201 S. Dorner Dr Urbana, IL USDA-ARS CPES P.O. Box 748 Tifton, GA Auburn University Department of Horticulture 101 Funchess Hall Auburn, AL

24 Dr..C. Glaze (retired) Dr. James Klett Dr. Bob Linderman (retired) Dr. Todd Mervosh Dr. Joe eal Dr. Andy Senesac Dr. Bob Stamps Dr. Ronald Talbert (retired) University of Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station and USDA, SEA-AR Tifton, GA Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture Colorado State University CD 1173 Fort Collins, CO Horticultural Crops Research Lab USDA-ARS 3420 W Orchard Ave. Corvallis, OR Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station Valley Laboratory 153 Cook Hill Road, P.O. Box 248 Windsor, CT orth Carolina State University Department of Horticultural Science 262 Kilgore Hall Box 7609, CSU Raleigh, C Long Island Horticultural Research Center Cornell University 3059 Sound Avenue Riverhead, University of Florida Central Florida Research & Education Center 2807 Binion Rd Apopka, FL University of Arkansas Agronomy 276 Altheimer Drive Fayettteville, AR

25 Appendix 3: Submitted Data Data on following pages (and contained in a separate binder) are sorted in order by PR number then by researchers last names, with the exception of the fern research reports which are organized by researchers last names. 25