Lake Erie Connector National Energy Board Election Certificate Application

Transcription

1 Lake Erie Connector National Energy Board Election Certificate Application

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3 : Built Heritage Resources and Cultural Heritage Landscapes Existing Conditions Impact Assessment Lake Erie Connector Project Former Township of Walpole, County of Haldimand Nanticoke, Haldimand County, Ontario Prepared for: HDR Corporation 100 York Blvd, Suite 300 Richmond Hill, Ontario, L4B 1J8 Phone: Fax: ASI File 13EA-230 July 2014 (Revised August, October, November 2014, May 2015)

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5 : Built Heritage Resources and Cultural Heritage Landscapes Existing Conditions Impact Assessment Lake Erie Connector Project Former Township of Walpole, County of Haldimand Nanticoke, Haldimand County, Ontario EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Archaeological Services Inc. (ASI) was contracted by HDR Corporation to conduct a Cultural Heritage Resource Assessment (CHRA) as part of the Lake Erie Connector Project Environmental Assessment (EA) study. The project involves the construction of a 1000 MW High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) transmission line that will connect Ontario to Pennsylvania under Lake Erie called the Lake Erie Connector Project. This study considers the potential land-based alignments on the Ontario side of the project only and includes the following lands associated with two potential options: 1. A converter station located on a privately owned parcel of land on the west side of Nanticoke Road (Haldimand Road 55) south of Rainham Road (part of Lot 6, Concession 1); o Cable alignment located within existing roadway right of way on Nanticoke Road between Lake Erie up to the converter station. 2. A converter station located a privately owned parcel of land on the east side of Riverside Drive, west of the mouth of Nanticoke Creek (part of Lots 4 and 5, Concession 1); o Cable alignment within existing roadway right of way on Nanticoke Road from the shore of Lake Erie up to Rainham Road, east along Rainham Road and south along Riverside Drive to the potential location of the converter station. In April 2015, the study area for this assessment was expanded to include a Terminal Station footprint and associated alternating current (AC) cable alignment within the Ontario Power Generation (OPG) Nanticoke Generating Station property (part of Lot 7, Concession 1). The results of background historic research and a review of secondary source material revealed a study area with a rural land use history dating back to the early-nineteenth century. The field review confirmed that this area retains 23 nineteenth- and twentieth-century cultural heritage resources. A total of 17 built heritage resource and six cultural heritage landscapes were identified within and/or adjacent to the Lake Erie Connector Project study area. Twentythree (23) cultural heritage resources are located within and/or adjacent to the Riverside Drive location and cable route while only three are located within and/or adjacent to the Nanticoke Road location and associated cable alignment (preferred). Based on the results of background data collection and field review, the following recommendations were developed for the Nanticoke Road location (preferred) of the Lake Erie Connector Project: 1. Construction activities should be suitably planned to avoid and/or minimize impacts to identified cultural heritage resources. In particular, staging and construction activities should be planned to avoid impacts to CHL 6 (Hickory Beach Lane, a historic streetscape identified during the field review);

6 Nanticoke, Haldimand County, Ontario Page ii 2. If avoidance of CHL 6 (Hickory Beach Lane) is not possible, then a resource specific heritage impact assessment (HIA) should be carried out prior to construction to evaluate the cultural heritage value of this resource, identify cultural heritage attributes, and develop appropriate mitigation measures. Potential mitigation measures may include landscape documentation prior to construction and postconstruction landscaping to restore pre-construction conditions; 3. Post-construction landscaping and rehabilitation plans should be undertaken in a manner that is sympathetic to the overall setting. Wherever possible, landscaping with appropriate/sympathetic historic plant materials is recommended, and fence rows should be preserved where extant; and, 4. Should future work require an expansion of the study area then a qualified heritage consultant should be contacted in order to confirm the impacts of the proposed work on potential cultural heritage resources.

7 Nanticoke, Haldimand County, Ontario Page iii ARCHAEOLOGICAL SERVICES INC. BUILT HERITAGE AND CULTURAL HERITAGE LANDSCAPE PLANNING DIVISION PROJECT PERSONNEL Corporate Responsibility: Senior Project Manager: Project Manager: Cultural Heritage Specialist: Project Coordinator: Project Administrator: Report Preparation: Graphics Preparation: Robert Pihl, MA, CAHP Partner and Senior Archaeologist Manager, Environmental Assessment Division Annie Veilleux, MA Cultural Heritage Specialist Manager, Built Heritage and Cultural Heritage Landscape Planning Division Heidy Schopf, MES Cultural Heritage Specialist Heidy Schopf Sarah Jagelewski, Hon. BA Staff Archaeologist Assistant Manager, Environmental Assessment Division Carol Bella, Hon. BA Research Archaeologist and Administrative Assistant Heidy Schopf Heidy Schopf Blake Williams, MLitt Geomatics Specialist Report Reviewer: Annie Veilleux

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9 Nanticoke, Haldimand County, Ontario Page iv TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY... i PROJECT PERSONNEL... iii TABLE OF CONTENTS... iv 1.0 INTRODUCTION Additional Study Area BUILT HERITAGE RESOURCE AND CULTURAL HERITAGE LANDSCAPE ASSESSMENT CONTEXT Legislation and Policy Context Data Collection BUILT HERITAGE RESOURCE AND CULTURAL HERITAGE LANDSCAPE ASSESSMENT Introduction Township Survey and Settlement Review of Historic Mapping Existing Conditions Lake Erie Connector Project Existing Conditions Lake Erie Connector Project Identified Cultural Heritage Resources Screening for Potential Impacts Potential Impacts to Cultural Heritage Resources CONCLUSIONS RECOMMENDATIONS REFERENCES CULTURAL HERITAGE RESOURCE INVENTORY CULTURAL HERITAGE RESOURCE LOCATION MAPPING LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Location of the study area indicating two potential converter station sites and associated cable alignments... 1 Figure 2: Location of terminal station study area Figure 3: The study area overlaid on the 1879 map of the Township of Walpole Figure 4: The study area overlaid on the 1954 aerial photograph of Nanticoke Figure 5: The study area overlaid on the 1996 NTS map of Simcoe Figure 6: Lake Erie Connector Project Key Plan Figure 7: Lake Erie Connector Project Location of Built Heritage Resources (BHR) and Cultural Heritage Landscapes (CHL) (Sheet 1) Figure 8: Lake Erie Connector Project Location of Built Heritage Resources (BHR) and Cultural Heritage Landscapes (CHL) (Sheet 2) Figure 9: Lake Erie Connector Project Location of Built Heritage Resources (BHR) and Cultural Heritage Landscapes (CHL) (Sheet 3) Figure 10: Lake Erie Connector Project Location of Built Heritage Resources (BHR) and Cultural Heritage Landscapes (CHL) (Sheet 4) LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Nineteenth-century property owners and historical features Table 2: Summary of built heritage resources (BHR) and cultural heritage landscapes (CHL) in the study area Table 3: Potential Impacts to Cultural Heritage Resources Nanticoke Road Location Table 4: Inventory of built heritage resources (BHR) and cultural heritage landscapes (CHL) in the study area... 27

10 Nanticoke, Haldimand County, Ontario Page v LIST OF PLATES Plate 1: East-northeast view towards Riverside Drive. Note agricultural lands in the distance Plate 2: East view from Riverside Dive. Note agricultural lands with no built features Plate 3: East-northeast view from Riverside Drive. Note agricultural lands with no built features Plate 4: East-northeast view from Riverside Drive. Note agricultural lands, circulation routes, and hydro corridor Plate 5: East-northeast view from Riverside Drive. Note established vegetation and circulation route Plate 6: South-southeast view along Riverside Drive Plate 7: South-southeast view along proposed alignment. Note established vegetation Plate 8: East view along Rainham Road. Note tree lines on both sides of the road and the historic schoolhouse on the right Plate 9: East-northeast view along Rainham Road. Note historic residence on left and relatively recent residence on the right Plate 10: East-northeast view along Rainham Road. Note church and cemetery on the right Plate 11: West-southwest view of the intersection of Rainham Road and Nanticoke Road Plate 12: North-northwest view along Nanticoke Road. Note wide shoulders Plate 13: South-southwest view along Nanticoke Road. Note agricultural field on the right Plate 14: West-northwest view of the concrete plant located on the west side of Nanticoke Road Plate 15: Southeast view towards Nanticoke Generating Station. This is the site of the Battle of Nanticoke Plate 16: South view towards Lake Erie and Hickory Beach Lane. Note proximity of streetscape and cottages to the proposed alignment along Nanticoke Road

11 Nanticoke, Haldimand County, Ontario Page INTRODUCTION Archaeological Services Inc. (ASI) was contracted by HDR Corporation to conduct a Cultural Heritage Resource Assessment (CHRA) as part of the Lake Erie Connector Project Environmental Assessment (EA) study. The project involves the construction of a 1000 MW High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) transmission line that will connect Ontario to Pennsylvania under Lake Erie called the Lake Erie Connector Project. This study considers the potential land-based alignments on the Ontario side of the project only and includes the following lands associated with two potential options: 1. A converter station located on a privately owned parcel of land on the west side of Nanticoke Road (Haldimand Road 55) south of Rainham Road (part of Lot 6, Concession 1); o Cable alignment located within existing roadway right of way on Nanticoke Road between Lake Erie up to the converter station. 2. A converter station located a privately owned parcel of land on the east side of Riverside Drive, west of the mouth of Nanticoke Creek (part of Lots 4 and 5, Concession 1); o Cable alignment within existing roadway right of way on Nanticoke Road from the shore of Lake Erie up to Rainham Road, east along Rainham Road and south along Riverside Drive to the potential location of the converter station. The purpose of this report is to present a built heritage and cultural landscape inventory of cultural heritage resources, and identify existing conditions of the proposed alternatives for the Lake Erie Connector Project study area being considered for the location of a converter station and buried transmission line. This research was conducted under the senior project management of Annie Veilleux and project management of Heidy Schopf, both of ASI. Figure 1: Location of the study area indicating two potential converter station sites and associated cable alignments Base Map: OpenStreetMap and contributors, Creative Commons-Share Alike License (CC-BY-SA)

12 Nanticoke, Haldimand County, Ontario Page Terminal Station Study Area In April 2015, the study area for this assessment was expanded to include a Terminal Station footprint and associated alternating current (AC) cable alignment within the Ontario Power Generation (OPG) Nanticoke Generating Station property (part of Lot 7, Concession 1) (Figure 2). Figure 2: Location of Terminal Station study area. Base Map: OpenStreetMap and contributors, Creative Commons-Share Alike License (CC-BY-SA) 2.0 BUILT HERITAGE RESOURCE AND CULTURAL HERITAGE LANDSCAPE ASSESSMENT CONTEXT 2.1 Legislation and Policy Context This cultural heritage assessment considers cultural heritage resources in the context of improvements to specified areas, pursuant to the National Energy Board Act and the National Energy Board Electricity Filing Manual This assessment addresses above ground cultural heritage resources over 40 years old. Use of a 40 year old threshold is a guiding principle when conducting a preliminary identification of cultural heritage resources (Ministry of Transportation 2006; Ministry of Transportation 2007; Ontario Realty Corporation 2007). While identification of a resource that is 40 years old or older does not confer outright heritage significance, this threshold provides a means to collect information about resources that may retain heritage value. Similarly, if a resource is slightly younger than 40 years old, this does not preclude the resource from retaining heritage value.

13 Nanticoke, Haldimand County, Ontario Page 3 For the purposes of this assessment, the term cultural heritage resources was used to describe both cultural heritage landscapes and built heritage resources. A cultural landscape is perceived as a collection of individual built heritage resources and other related features that together form farm complexes, roadscapes and nucleated settlements. Built heritage resources are typically individual buildings or structures that may be associated with a variety of human activities, such as historical settlement and patterns of architectural development. The analysis throughout the study process addresses cultural heritage resources under various pieces of legislation and their supporting guidelines. Under the National Energy Board Electricity Filing Manual, an applicant is to be aware of any federal or provincial legislation or guidelines for identifying and protecting heritage resources. This study considers definitions from a number of pieces of legislation and their supporting guidelines, including the Environmental Assessment Act (1990), Ontario Heritage Act, the Planning Act (1990), the Provincial Policy Statement (PPS) (2014), and the Ontario Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport s Guidelines for Preparing the Cultural Heritage Resource Component of Environmental Assessments (1992), Guidelines on the Man-Made Heritage Component of Environmental Assessments (1981), and Standards and Guidelines for Conservation of Provincial Heritage Properties (April 2010). Under the Environmental Assessment Act (1990) environment is defined in Subsection 1(c) to include: cultural conditions that influence the life of man or a community, and; any building, structure, machine, or other device or thing made by man. The Ontario Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport is charged under Section 2 of the Ontario Heritage Act with the responsibility to determine policies, priorities and programs for the conservation, protection and preservation of the heritage of Ontario and has published two guidelines to assist in assessing cultural heritage resources as part of an environmental assessment: Guideline for Preparing the Cultural Heritage Resource Component of Environmental Assessments (1992), and Guidelines on the Man-Made Heritage Component of Environmental Assessments (1981). Accordingly, both guidelines have been utilized in this assessment process. The Guidelines on the Man-Made Heritage Component of Environmental Assessments (Section 1.0) states the following: When speaking of man-made heritage we are concerned with the works of man and the effects of his activities in the environment rather than with movable human artifacts or those environments that are natural and completely undisturbed by man. In addition, environment may be interpreted to include the combination and interrelationships of human artifacts with all other aspects of the physical environment, as well as with the social, economic and cultural conditions that influence the life of the people and communities in Ontario. The Guidelines on the Man-Made Heritage Component of Environmental Assessments distinguish between two basic ways of visually experiencing this heritage in the environment, namely as cultural heritage landscapes and as cultural features. Within this document, cultural heritage landscapes are defined as the following (Section 1.0):

14 Nanticoke, Haldimand County, Ontario Page 4 The use and physical appearance of the land as we see it now is a result of man s activities over time in modifying pristine landscapes for his own purposes. A cultural landscape is perceived as a collection of individual man-made features into a whole. Urban cultural landscapes are sometimes given special names such as townscapes or streetscapes that describe various scales of perception from the general scene to the particular view. Cultural landscapes in the countryside are viewed in or adjacent to natural undisturbed landscapes, or waterscapes, and include such land uses as agriculture, mining, forestry, recreation, and transportation. Like urban cultural landscapes, they too may be perceived at various scales: as a large area of homogeneous character; or as an intermediate sized area of homogeneous character or a collection of settings such as a group of farms; or as a discrete example of specific landscape character such as a single farm, or an individual village or hamlet. A cultural feature is defined as the following (Section 1.0): an individual part of a cultural landscape that may be focused upon as part of a broader scene, or viewed independently. The term refers to any man-made or modified object in or on the land or underwater, such as buildings of various types, street furniture, engineering works, plantings and landscaping, archaeological sites, or a collection of such objects seen as a group because of close physical or social relationships. The Minister of Tourism, Culture, and Sport has also published Standards and Guidelines for Conservation of Provincial Heritage Properties (April 2010; Standards and Guidelines hereafter). These Standards and Guidelines apply to properties the Government of Ontario owns or controls that have cultural heritage value or interest. They are mandatory for ministries and prescribed public bodies and have the authority of a Management Board or Cabinet directive. Prescribed public bodies include: Agricultural Research Institute of Ontario Hydro One Inc. Liquor Control Board of Ontario McMichael Canadian Art Collection Metrolinx The Niagara Parks Commission. Ontario Heritage Trust Ontario Infrastructure Projects Corporation Ontario Lottery and Gaming Corporation Ontario Power Generation Inc. Ontario Realty Corporation Royal Botanical Gardens Toronto Area Transit Operating Authority St. Lawrence Parks Commission The Standards and Guidelines provide a series of definitions considered during the course of the assessment: A provincial heritage property is defined as the following (14): Provincial heritage property means real property, including buildings and structures on the property, that has cultural heritage value or interest and that is owned by the Crown

15 Nanticoke, Haldimand County, Ontario Page 5 in right of Ontario or by a prescribed public body; or that is occupied by a ministry or a prescribed public body if the terms of the occupancy agreement are such that the ministry or public body is entitled to make the alterations to the property that may be required under these heritage standards and guidelines. A provincial heritage property of provincial significance is defined as the following (14): Provincial heritage property that has been evaluated using the criteria found in Ontario Heritage Act O.Reg. 10/06 and has been found to have cultural heritage value or interest of provincial significance. A built heritage resource is defined as the following (13): one or more significant buildings (including fixtures or equipment located in or forming part of a building), structures, earthworks, monuments, installations, or remains associated with architectural, cultural, social, political, economic, or military history and identified as being important to a community. For the purposes of these Standards and Guidelines, structures does not include roadways in the provincial highway network and in-use electrical or telecommunications transmission towers. A cultural heritage landscape is defined as the following (13): a defined geographical area that human activity has modified and that has cultural heritage value. Such an area involves one or more groupings of individual heritage features, such as structures, spaces, archaeological sites, and natural elements, which together form a significant type of heritage form distinct from that of its constituent elements or parts. Heritage conservation districts designated under the Ontario Heritage Act, villages, parks, gardens, battlefields, mainstreets and neighbourhoods, cemeteries, trails, and industrial complexes of cultural heritage value are some examples. Additionally, the Planning Act (1990) and related Provincial Policy Statement (PPS), which was updated in 2014, make a number of provisions relating to heritage conservation. One of the general purposes of the Planning Act is to integrate matters of provincial interest in provincial and municipal planning decisions. In order to inform all those involved in planning activities of the scope of these matters of provincial interest, Section 2 of the Planning Act provides an extensive listing. These matters of provincial interest shall be regarded when certain authorities, including the council of a municipality, carry out their responsibilities under the Act. One of these provincial interests is directly concerned with: 2.(d) the conservation of features of significant architectural, cultural, historical, archaeological or scientific interest Part 4.7 of the PPS states that: The official plan is the most important vehicle for implementation of this Provincial Policy Statement. Comprehensive, integrated and long-term planning is best achieved through official plans.

16 Nanticoke, Haldimand County, Ontario Page 6 Official plans shall identify provincial interests and set out appropriate land use designations and policies. To determine the significance of some natural heritage features and other resources, evaluation may be required. Official plans should also coordinate cross-boundary matters to complement the actions of other planning authorities and promote mutually beneficial solutions. Official plans shall provide clear, reasonable and attainable policies to protect provincial interests and direct development to suitable areas. In order to protect provincial interests, planning authorities shall keep their official plans up-to-date with this Provincial Policy Statement. The policies of this Provincial Policy Statement continue to apply after adoption and approval of an official plan. Those policies of particular relevance for the conservation of heritage features are contained in Section 2- Wise Use and Management of Resources, wherein Subsection Cultural Heritage and Archaeological Resources, makes the following provisions: Significant built heritage resources and significant cultural heritage landscapes shall be conserved. A number of definitions that have specific meanings for use in a policy context accompany the policy statement. These definitions include built heritage resources and cultural heritage landscapes. A built heritage resource is defined as: a building, structure, monument, installation or any manufactured remnant that contributes to a property s cultural heritage value or interest as identified by a community, including an Aboriginal community (PPS 2014). A cultural heritage landscape is defined as a defined geographical area that may have been modified by human activity and is identified as having cultural heritage value or interest by a community, including an Aboriginal community. The area may involve features such as structures, spaces, archaeological sites or natural elements that are valued together for their interrelationship, meaning or association (PPS 2014). Examples may include, but are not limited to farmscapes, historic settlements, parks, gardens, battlefields, mainstreets and neighbourhoods, cemeteries, trailways, and industrial complexes of cultural heritage value. In addition, significance is also more generally defined. It is assigned a specific meaning according to the subject matter or policy context, such as wetlands or ecologically important areas. With regard to cultural heritage and archaeology resources, resources of significance are those that are valued for the important contribution they make to our understanding of the history of a place, an event, or a people (PPS 2014). Criteria for determining significance for the resources are recommended by the Province, but municipal approaches that achieve or exceed the same objective may also be used. While some significant resources may already be identified and inventoried by official sources, the significance of others can only be determined after evaluation (PPS 2014). Accordingly, the foregoing guidelines and relevant policy statement were used to guide the scope and methodology of the cultural heritage assessment.

17 Nanticoke, Haldimand County, Ontario Page Data Collection In the course of the cultural heritage assessment, all potentially affected cultural heritage resources are subject to inventory. Short form names are usually applied to each resource type, (e.g. barn, residence). Generally, when conducting a preliminary identification of cultural heritage resources, three stages of research and data collection are undertaken to appropriately establish the potential for and existence of cultural heritage resources in a particular geographic area. Background historic research, which includes consultation of primary and secondary source research and historic mapping, is undertaken to identify early settlement patterns and broad agents or themes of change in a study area. This stage in the data collection process enables the researcher to determine the presence of sensitive heritage areas that correspond to nineteenth and twentieth-century settlement and development patterns. To augment data collected during this stage of the research process, federal, provincial, and municipal databases and/or agencies are consulted to obtain information about specific properties that have been previously identified and/or designated as retaining cultural heritage value. Typically, resources identified during these stages of the research process are reflective of particular architectural styles, associated with an important person, place, or event, and contribute to the contextual facets of a particular place, neighbourhood, or intersection. A field review is then undertaken to confirm the location and condition of previously identified cultural heritage resources. The field review is also utilised to identify cultural heritage resources that have not been previously identified on federal, provincial, or municipal databases. Several investigative criteria are utilised during the field review to appropriately identify new cultural heritage resources. These investigative criteria are derived from provincial guidelines, definitions, and past experience. During the course of the environmental assessment, a built structure or landscape is identified as a cultural heritage resource if it is considered to be 40 years or older, and if the resource satisfies at least one of the following criteria: Design/Physical Value: It is a rare, unique, representative or early example of a style, type, expression, material or construction method. It displays a high degree of craftsmanship or artistic merit. It demonstrates a high degree of technical or scientific achievement. The site and/or structure retains original stylistic features and has not been irreversibly altered so as to destroy its integrity. It demonstrates a high degree of excellence or creative, technical or scientific achievement at a provincial level in a given period. Historical/Associative Value: It has a direct association with a theme, event, belief, person, activity, organization, or institution that is significant to: the County of Haldimand; the Province of Ontario; or Canada. It yields, or has the potential to yield, information that contributes to an understanding of the history of the: the County of Haldimand; the Province of Ontario; or Canada. It demonstrates or reflects the work or ideas of an architect, artist builder, designer, or theorist who is significant to: the County of Haldimand; the Province of Ontario; or Canada. It represents or demonstrates a theme or pattern in Ontario s history.

18 Nanticoke, Haldimand County, Ontario Page 8 It demonstrates an uncommon, rare or unique aspect of Ontario s cultural heritage. It has a strong or special association with the entire province or with a community that is found in more than one part of the province. The association exists for historic, social, or cultural reasons or because of traditional use. It has a strong or special association with the life or work of a person, group or organization of importance to the province or with an event of importance to the province. Contextual Value: It is important in defining, maintaining, or supporting the character of an area. It is physically, functionally, visually, or historically linked to its surroundings. It is a landmark. It illustrates a significant phase in the development of the community or a major change or turning point in the community s history. The landscape contains a structure other than a building (fencing, culvert, public art, statue, etc.) that is associated with the history or daily life of that area or region. There is evidence of previous historic and/or existing agricultural practices (e.g. terracing, deforestation, complex water canalization, apple orchards, vineyards, etc.) It is of aesthetic, visual or contextual important to the province. If a resource meets one of these criteria it will be identified as a cultural heritage resource and is subject to further research where appropriate and when feasible. Typically, detailed archival research, permission to enter lands containing heritage resources, and consultation is required to determine the specific heritage significance of the identified cultural heritage resource. When identifying cultural heritage landscapes, the following categories are typically utilized for the purposes of the classification during the field review: Farm complexes: Roadscapes: Waterscapes: Railscapes: Historical settlements: Streetscapes: comprise two or more buildings, one of which must be a farmhouse or barn, and may include a tree-lined drive, tree windbreaks, fences, domestic gardens and small orchards. generally two-lanes in width with absence of shoulders or narrow shoulders only, ditches, tree lines, bridges, culverts and other associated features. waterway features that contribute to the overall character of the cultural heritage landscape, usually in relation to their influence on historic development and settlement patterns. active or inactive railway lines or railway rights of way and associated features. groupings of two or more structures with a commonly applied name. generally consists of a paved road found in a more urban setting, and may include a series of houses that would have been built in the same time period.

19 Nanticoke, Haldimand County, Ontario Page 9 Historical agricultural landscapes: Cemeteries: generally comprises a historically rooted settlement and farming pattern that reflects a recognizable arrangement of fields within a lot and may have associated agricultural outbuildings, structures, and vegetative elements such as tree rows. land used for the burial of human remains. Results of the desktop data collection and field review are contained in Sections 3.0, while Sections 4.0 and 5.0 contain conclusions and recommendations for future work to be conducted. 3.0 BUILT HERITAGE RESOURCE AND CULTURAL HERITAGE LANDSCAPE ASSESSMENT 3.1 Introduction This section provides a brief summary of historic research and a description of identified above ground cultural heritage resources that may be affected by the proposed undertaking. A review of available primary and secondary source material was undertaken to produce a contextual overview of the study area, including a general description of Euro-Canadian settlement and land use. Historically, the study area is located in Concessions 1 and 2, Lots 4-7 in the former Township of Walpole, Haldimand County. 3.2 Township Survey and Settlement Haldimand County Haldimand County encompasses a portion of the fertile southwestern Ontario farmlands that lie along the northern shore of Lake Erie. Haldimand is bounded by the Counties of Brant and Norfolk on the west, the Counties of Lincoln and Welland on the east, Wentworth County on the north, and Lake Erie on the south. The county was named after Sir Frederick Haldimand, Governor-in-Chief of Canada from 1778 to 1786 (Mika and Mika 1981:204). Sir Frederick Haldimand also planned the settlement of thousands of United Empire Loyalists in Upper Canada after the American Revolution. Haldimand County contains a grant made in 1784 to the Six Nations of the Grand River who were led by Joseph Brant (Mika and Mika 1981). The lands was given to the Six Nations by the government in recognition of their support of the British during the American Revolution. New transportation routes opened up the county for increased settlement in the early nineteenth century. In 1833, the Grand River Navigation Company started construction on eight locks and dams and a plank road was built in 1839 between Hamilton and Port Dover (Mika and Mika 1981). This alignment is now most commonly known as Highway 6. Settlements that sprang up along this route include Caledonia, Hagersville, and Jarvis. Haldimand County was officially established in 1850 and included ten townships. The first newspaper in the county was The Independent, which was first published in Cayuga in In 1852 the Buffalo, Brantford, and Goderich Railroad (later the Grant Trunk Railroad) built a line through the county. In

20 Nanticoke, Haldimand County, Ontario Page , the Great Western Loop Line and Canadian Southern Railway were completed. The Hamilton and Lake Erie Railroad was completed in 1878 (Mika and Mika 1981). Haldimand County was an important supplier of pine and oak timber until is forests were depleted. The county subsequently developed a prosperous farming industry that continues to present day. The County of Haldimand was dissolved in 1974 and was joined with the County of Norfolk to create the Regional Municipality of Haldimand-Norfolk. In 2001 the regional municipality was dissolved and two single-tier municipalities were formed: Haldimand County and Norfolk County. Walpole Township The Township of Walpole was originally surveyed by Mr. Thomas Walsh, Registrar of the County of Norfolk and was first settled near the end of the eighteenth century by German and Irish settlers. The Hoovers were the first settlers to lay down permanent settlement in the Township. By 1877 the population of the Township was 6,000, and the number of inhabitants steadily increased (Page 1879: 9). The completion of the Hamilton and Port Dover Plank Road in 1843 opened up travel through the township and several villages of varying sizes had developed by the end of the nineteenth century, including Jarvis, Selkirk, Cheapside, Hagersville, and Nanticoke. Nanticoke The historic settlement of Nanticoke is located near the mouth of Nanticoke Creek. Nanticoke, a principle village in 1877, was situated on the Dover and Dunnville road, where it was crossed by the Nanticoke Creek. The village contained a grist mill, carriage shop, hotel and two stores. The population and businesses of Nanticoke began to slow as trading points were diverted to points along the railway. Nanticoke was the site of a pivotal battle during the War of The Battle of Nanticoke took place in Nanticoke Creek on November 13 th, Members of the Norfolk Militia were lead by Ltd. Col. Henry Bostwick in the capture of nineteen American invaders and British sympathizers to the American cause (Haldimand Museums 2013). Later, these men were tried at the Bloody Assize in Ancaster in July of Eight of these men were executed at Burlington Heights and became known as the Ancaster Eight (Haldimand Museums 2013). The capture of the marauders effectively ended plundering expeditions in the area and over 3000 kg of provisions were saved for the British militia on the Niagara frontier, which enabled them to continue their winter campaign (Canada s Historic Places 2010). The site of the battle was designated as a National Historic Site in There are no extant remains of the battle of Nanticoke on the site, which is currently occupied by the OPG Nanticoke Generating Station. Official recognition of the site refers to the former property of John Dunham at the time of designation in 1924 (Canada s Historic Places 2010). Until the 1950s, Nanticoke was a busy fishing centre and produced an annual catch of over half a million pounds of whitefish, pickerel, and perch (Mika and Mika 1983). The Nanticoke fishing industry declined after commercial fishing practices were introduced in Lake Erie and fishing boat operators and workers moved to other ports. Following the decline of the fishing industry, Nanticoke reverted to a quiet rural hamlet that revives each season when the summer population returns to the lakefront area (Mike and Mika 1983).

21 Nanticoke, Haldimand County, Ontario Page Review of Historic Mapping The 1879 Illustrated Historical Atlas of the County of Haldimand was reviewed to determine the potential for the presence of historical features within or adjacent to the study area during the nineteenth century (Figure 3). It should be noted, however, that not all features of interest were mapped systematically in the Ontario series of historical atlases, given that they were financed by subscription, and subscribers were given preference with regard to the level of detail provided on the maps. Moreover, not every feature of interest would have been within the scope of the atlases. The available data regarding property owners and historical features gathered from the historic mapping is provided in Table 1. Table 1: Nineteenth-century property owners and historical features Con. Lot # Property Owners (1881) Historical Feature(s) (1881) 1 4 Edward Low, Arthur Low, Robert Evans Farmsteads (4), Orchards (3), Schoolhouse 5 Michael Weddrick, O Neil Farmsteads (2), Grist Mill (1), Nanticoke Post Office 6 Cooper Estate, Jas. Howey, Sylvester Pugsley, D. Giros Farmsteads (6), Orchards (4), Nanticoke Post Office 7 David Shreves Farmstead (1), Orchard (1) 2 4 Geo. Diles, Jas. Banfield Farmsteads (2), Orchards (2), 5 Jno. Banfield, Col. G.B. Hall Farmsteads (2), Orchards (2), Grist Mills, (2), Nanticoke Post Office 6 Isaac Pratton Nanticoke Post Office, Farmsteads (2), Orchard (1) 7 Mrs. Lavigne, Robt. Evans, Wm. Holmes Farmsteads (3), Orchards (3) The 1879 map demonstrates that Rainham Road, Erie Street, Church Street, Nanticoke Road, and Hickory Beach Lane are all historically surveyed roads. The map also shows that the settlement of Nanticoke was well established by the late nineteenth century with numerous property owners, farmsteads, orchards, grist mills, and a school depicted. Nanticoke Creek is shown running through the centre of the settlement. The 1954 aerial photograph demonstrates that little change took place in the study area during the midtwentieth century (Figure 4). Rainham Road, Erie Street, Church Street, Nanticoke Road, and Hickory Beach Lane are all shown in the same alignments. Further, a number of farmsteads and residences are shown along Rainham Road and in the vicinity of Erie Street and Church Street. In addition, a number of small cottages are shown along Hickory Beach Lane. The rest of the study area is bordered by agricultural lands. The 1996 NTS map shows that considerable change took place in the study area during the latter half of the twentieth century (Figure 5). Riverside Drive is shown extending north from New Lake Shore Road, Hickory Beach Lane connects with Erie Street, and Nanticoke Valley Road is shown in its current alignment. Numerous new residences are shown along Rainham Road, Erie Street, and Nanticoke Valley Road. Several new cottages are shown on the north side of Hickory Beach Lane. Two major developments are shown in the vicinity of the study area including, the U.S. Steel Canada Lake Erie

22 Nanticoke, Haldimand County, Ontario Page 12 Works (formerly Stelco Lake Erie Works) on the west side of the study area and the Nanticoke Generating Station on the east. The Nanticoke Generating Station was constructed in 1967 and the U.S. Steel Canada Lake Erie Works was constructed in 1980.

23 Nanticoke, Haldimand County, Ontario Page 13 Figure 3: The study area overlaid on the 1879 map of the Township of Walpole Base Map: Illustrated Historical Atlas of the County of Haldimand, Ont. (H.R. Page & Co. 1879) Figure 4: The study area overlaid on the 1954 aerial photograph of Nanticoke Photo Reference: Plate (Hunting Survey Corporation Limited 1954) Figure 5: The study area overlaid on the 1996 NTS map of Simcoe Base Map: NTS Sheet 40 I/16 (Simcoe) (Natural Resources Canada 1996)

24 Nanticoke, Haldimand County, Ontario Page Existing Conditions In order to make a preliminary identification of existing cultural heritage resources within the study area, the following resources were consulted: Heritage Haldimand (2014); the Government of Ontario Ministry of Culture s Ontario Heritage Properties Database (2008); and the Federal Government s Canada s Historic Places website. The Heritage Haldminad provides a list of cultural heritage resources that are designated under Part IV and Part V of the Ontario Heritage Act. Both Ontario s Heritage Properties Database, and Canada s Historic Places, provide a record of the heritage properties identified to be of significance at a provincial level, which are designated under the Part IV of the Ontario Heritage Act. In addition, the County of Haldimand was contacted directly to gather any information on cultural heritage resources within the study area ( communication 17 June 2014). Based on the review of available data, there are two previously identified resources within and/or adjacent to the study area. A field review was undertaken by Heidy Schopf, Cultural Heritage Specialist, ASI, on 17 June 2014 to document the existing conditions of the study area. The field review was preceded by a review of available, current and historic, aerial photographs and maps (including online sources such as Bing and Google maps). These large-scale maps are reviewed for any potential cultural heritage resources which may be extant in the study area. The Lake Erie Connector Project study area was examined to identify any built heritage resources (BHR) or cultural heritage landscapes (CHL) within or adjacent to the study area. The existing conditions of the study corridor are described below. Identified cultural heritage resources are discussed in Section and mapped on Figures 6 to 10 of this report Lake Erie Connector Project Existing Conditions The study area extends along Riverside Drive north towards Rainham Road (Plate 1). The lands along the east side of Riverside Drive generally consist of agricultural lands with no built features (Plates 2-5). Riverside Drive is a two-lane road that heads in a general north-south direction. The road has narrow shoulders, ditching, and has a relatively wide right-of-way (ROW) (Plate 6). A section of the study area is located on agricultural land between Rainham Road and Riverside Drive. These lands have established vegetation but no built features (Plate 7). The study area continues east along Rainham Road from Riverside Drive (Plates 8-11). This section of the study area passes through the historic settlement of Nanticoke, which contains numerous built heritage resources and cultural heritage landscapes, including residences, a schoolhouse, churches, farm complexes, and a cemetery. The study area extends south along Nanticoke Road from Rainham Road. Nanticoke Road is two lanes in width and has wide gravel shoulders (Plate 12). Nanticoke Road is bordered by agricultural lands on the west and by the OPG Nanticoke Generating Station property on the east (Plates 13-15). It should be noted that the OPG Nanticoke Generating Station property is the site of the Battle of Nanticoke and is a recognized national historic site. The study area extends south of Nanticoke Road into Lake Erie (Plate 16). Hickory Beach Lane, a historically surveyed road that is lined with small cottage properties, is located on the west side of the study area.

25 Nanticoke, Haldimand County, Ontario Page 15 Plate 1: East-northeast view towards Riverside Drive. Note agricultural lands in the distance. Plate 2: East view from Riverside Dive. Note agricultural lands with no built features. Plate 3: East-northeast view from Riverside Drive. Note agricultural lands with no built features. Plate 4: East-northeast view from Riverside Drive. Note agricultural lands, circulation routes, and hydro corridor. Plate 5: East-northeast view from Riverside Drive. Note established vegetation and circulation route.

26 Nanticoke, Haldimand County, Ontario Page 16 Plate 6: South-southeast view along Riverside Drive. Plate 7: South-southeast view along proposed alignment. Note established vegetation. Plate 8: East view along Rainham Road. Note tree lines on both sides of the road and the historic schoolhouse on the right. Plate 9: East-northeast view along Rainham Road. Note historic residence on left and relatively recent residence on the right. Plate 10: East-northeast view along Rainham Road. Note church and cemetery on the right.

27 Nanticoke, Haldimand County, Ontario Page 17 Plate 11: West-southwest view of the intersection of Rainham Road and Nanticoke Road. Plate 12: North-northwest view along Nanticoke Road. Note wide shoulders. Plate 13: South-southwest view along Nanticoke Road. Note agricultural field on the right. Plate 14: West-northwest view of the concrete plant located on the west side of Nanticoke Road. Plate 15: Southeast view towards OPG Nanticoke Generating Station. This is the site of the Battle of Nanticoke.

28 Nanticoke, Haldimand County, Ontario Page 18 Plate 16: South view towards Lake Erie and Hickory Beach Lane. Note proximity of streetscape and cottages to the proposed alignment along Nanticoke Road Lake Erie Connector Project Identified Cultural Heritage Resources Based on the results of the background research and field review, 17 built heritage resources (BHR) and six cultural heritage landscapes (CHL) were identified within and/or adjacent to the Lake Erie Connector Project study area (Table 2). A detailed inventory of these cultural heritage resources is presented in Section 7.0 and mapping of these features is provided in Section 8.0 of this report. Table 2: Summary of built heritage resources (BHR) and cultural heritage landscapes (CHL) in the study area Resource Location Option Type Recognition BHR Regional Road 3 Riverside Drive Location Residence Designated under Part IV of the Ontario Heritage Act BHR 2 38 Rainham Road Cable Alignment (Riverside Drive) BHR 3 41 Rainham Road Cable Alignment (Riverside Drive) BHR 4 49 Rainham Road Cable Alignment (Riverside Drive) BHR 5 61 Rainham Road Cable Alignment (Riverside Drive) BHR 6 86 Rainham Road Cable Alignment (Riverside Drive) BHR 7 91 Rainham Road Cable Alignment (Riverside Drive) BHR 8 93 Rainham Road Cable Alignment (Riverside Drive) BHR Rainham Road Cable Alignment (Riverside Drive) Schoolhouse Residence Residence Residence Residence Residence Residence Residence/Former Church Recognized under the Historic Sites and Monuments Act as a National Historic Site Identified during field review Identified during field review Identified during field review Identified during field review Identified during field review Identified during field review Identified during field review BHR Rainham Road Cable Alignment Residence Identified during field review

29 Nanticoke, Haldimand County, Ontario Page 19 Resource Location Option Type Recognition (Riverside Drive) BHR Rainham Road Cable Alignment (Riverside Drive) BHR Rainham Road Cable Alignment (Riverside Drive) BHR Rainham Road Cable Alignment (Riverside Drive) BHR Rainham Road Cable Alignment (Riverside Drive) BHR Rainham Road Cable Alignment (Riverside Drive) BHR Rainham Road Cable Alignment (Riverside Drive) BHR Nanticoke Road Cable Alignment (Riverside Drive) CHL 1 Nanticoke Creek Riverside Drive Location, Cable Alignment (Riverside Drive) CHL 2 78 Rainham Road Cable Alignment (Riverside Drive) CHL Rainham Road Cable Alignment (Riverside Drive), Cable Alignment (Riverside Drive) CHL Rainham Road Cable Alignment (Riverside Drive), Nanticoke Road Location CHL 5 34 Nanticoke Road Nanticoke Road Location, Cable Alignment (Both Locations) and Terminal Station CHL 6 Hickory Beach Lane Cable Alignment (Both Locations) 3.5 Screening for Potential Impacts Residence Residence Residence Residence Residence Residence Residence Watercourse Former Mill Property Church and Cemetery Farm Complex Battlefield Streetscape Identified during field review Identified during field review Identified during field review Identified during field review Identified during field review Identified during field review Identified during field review Identified during field review Identified during field review Designated under Part IV of the Ontario Heritage Act Identified during field review Recognized under the Historic Sites and Monuments Act as a National Historic Site Identified during field review

30 Nanticoke, Haldimand County, Ontario Page 20 To assess the potential impacts of the undertaking (i.e., the construction and operation of a converter station and associated buried electrical transmission cable on one of the two sites considered in the study area), identified cultural heritage resources are considered against a range of possible impacts as outlined in the document entitled Screening for Impacts to Built Heritage and Cultural Heritage Landscapes (MTC November 2010) which include: Destruction, removal or relocation of any, or part of any, significant heritage attribute or feature (III.1). Alteration which means a change in any manner and includes restoration, renovation, repair or disturbance (III.2). Shadows created that alter the appearance of a heritage attribute or change the exposure or visibility of a natural feature or plantings, such as a garden (III.3). Isolation of a heritage attribute from its surrounding environment, context, or a significant relationship (III.4). Direct or indirect obstruction of significant views or vistas from, within, or to a built or natural heritage feature (III.5). A change in land use such as rezoning a battlefield from open space to residential use, allowing new development or site alteration to fill in the formerly open spaces (III.6). Soil disturbance such as a change in grade, or an alteration of the drainage pattern, or excavation, etc (III.7) A number of additional factors are also considered when evaluating potential impacts on identified cultural heritage resources. These are outlined in a document set out by the Ministry of Culture and Communications (now Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport) and the Ministry of the Environment entitled Guideline for Preparing the Cultural Heritage Resource Component of Environmental Assessments (October 1992) and include: Magnitude: the amount of physical alteration or destruction which can be expected; Severity: the irreversibility or reversibility of an impact; Duration: the length of time an adverse impact persists; Frequency: the number of times an impact can be expected; Range: the spatial distribution, widespread or site specific, of an adverse impact; and Diversity: the number of different kinds of activities to affect a heritage resource. Where any above ground cultural heritage resources are identified, which may be affected by direct or indirect impacts, appropriate mitigation measures should be developed. This may include completing a heritage impact assessment or documentation report, or employing suitable measures such as landscaping, buffering or other forms of mitigation, where appropriate. In this regard, provincial guidelines should be consulted for advice and further heritage assessment work should be undertaken as necessary. In addition, should any indirect or direct impacts to identified cultural heritage resources result from the proposed development, Section 6(F) of the County of Haldimand s Official Plan should be reviewed. This section provides policies on how to proceed in situations where cultural heritage resources may be impacted by proposed development Potential Impacts to Cultural Heritage Resources

31 Nanticoke, Haldimand County, Ontario Page 21 Based on the cultural heritage resources in the study area and as described above there are 23 cultural heritage resources located within and / or adjacent to the Riverside Drive location and cable route and three located within and / or adjacent to the Nanticoke Road location and cable route. The Nanticoke Road location was identified as preferred based on a comparative assessment of potential effects (both positive and negative) to the environment carried out as part of the NEB process. From a cultural heritage perspective, the Nanticoke Road location would potentially impact less cultural heritage resources compared to the Riverside Drive location. The Nanticoke Road location is on the west side of Nanticoke Road, south of Rainham Road and the associated cable alignment would be located within the Nanticoke Road right-of-way from the Lake Erie shoreline northwards approximately 1km to the site. Figures 9 and 10 show the identified cultural heritage resources in relation to the Nanticoke Road location. Table 3 lists potential impacts to cultural heritage resources within and/or adjacent to the study area and proposes mitigation measures. Table 3: Potential Impacts to Cultural Heritage Resources Nanticoke Road Location Resource Potential Impact Proposed Mitigation Measures BHR 1 None None BHR 2 None None BHR 3 None None BHR 4 None None BHR 5 None None BHR 6 None None BHR 7 None None BHR 8 None None BHR 9 None None BHR 10 None None BHR 11 None None BHR 12 None None BHR 13 None None BHR 14 None None BHR 15 None None BHR 16 None None BHR 17 None None

32 Nanticoke, Haldimand County, Ontario Page 22 Resource Potential Impact Proposed Mitigation Measures CHL 1 None None CHL 2 None None CHL 3 None None CHL 4 This resource is adjacent to the Nanticoke Road location but no negative impacts are anticipated since all construction activities are planned within the Nanticoke Road location; None CHL 5 Alteration (III.2) and soil disturbance (III.7) due to encroachment on property. Identified character defining attributes for CHL 5 include its location on the banks of Lake Erie, its setting on a flat parcel of land, viewscapes across Lake Erie, and surviving and/or unidentified archaeological remains related to the Battle of Nanticoke. No negative impacts are anticipated to the location, setting, or viewscapes associated with CHL 5. In addition, the recommendations set out in the Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment prepared by ASI (2014) note that the section of the 2014 study area that extends into CHL 5 is disturbed and therefore no further archaeological assessment is required for these lands. None The Stage 1-2 Archaeological Assessment prepared by ASI (2015) for the Terminal Station study area determined that the additional study area located within CHL 5 is heavily disturbed and that no further archaeological assessment is required for these lands. Accordingly, there are no anticipated impacts to the character defining attributes of CHL 5. CHL 6 This resource is adjacent to the Cable Alignment (Nanticoke Road) but no negative impacts are anticipated since all construction activities are planned within the existing Nanticoke Road rightof-way (ROW). None 4.0 CONCLUSIONS The results of background historic research and a review of secondary source material, including historic mapping, revealed a study area with a rural land use history dating back to the early nineteenth century. The field review confirmed that this area retains a number of nineteenth and twentieth-century cultural heritage resources. The following provides a summary of the assessment results for the entire study area considering both potential converter station sites and associated cable alignments:

33 Nanticoke, Haldimand County, Ontario Page 23 Key Findings A total of 23 cultural heritage resources were identified within and/or adjacent to the entire Lake Erie Connector Project study area; Twenty-three (23) cultural heritage resources are located within and/or adjacent to the Riverside Drive location and cable route while only three are located within and/or adjacent to the Nanticoke Road location and associated cable alignment (preferred); Seventeen (17) built heritage resource (BHR) and six cultural heritage landscapes (CHL) were identified within and/or adjacent to the entire Lake Erie Connector Project study area: two are national historic sites under the Historic Sites and Monuments Act (BHR 2 and CHL 5); two are designated under Part IV of the Ontario Heritage Act (BHR 1 and CHL 3); and 19 were identified during the field review; Of the 23 identified cultural heritage resources: one is a schoolhouse (BHR 2), one is a residence/former church (BHR 9), one is a farm complex (CHL 4), one is a watercourse (CHL 1), one is a former mill site (CHL 2), one is a church and cemetery (CHL 3), one is a battlefield (CHL 5), one is a streetscape (CHL 6), and 15 are residences (BHR 1, BHR 3-8, BHR 10-17); and, Identified cultural heritage resources are historically, architecturally, and contextually associated with nineteenth-century and twentieth-century land use patterns in the historic settlement of Nanticoke and the County of Haldimand. Converter Station on west side of Nanticoke Road and associated cable alignment (Preferred) No negative impacts are anticipated to the cultural heritage resources identified as BHR 1-17 or CHL 1-6. Accordingly, no mitigation measures are recommended. Terminal Station within the OPG Nanticoke Generating Station Property No negative impacts are anticipated to the character defining attributes of the cultural heritage resource identified as CHL 5. Accordingly, no mitigation measures are recommended. 5.0 RECOMMENDATIONS The background research, data collection, and field review conducted for the study area determined that three cultural heritage resources are located within and/or adjacent to the Nanticoke Road location and associated cable alignment, including the Terminal Station, for the Lake Erie Connector Project. Based on the results of background data collection and field review, the following recommendations were developed for the Nanticoke Road location (preferred) of the Lake Erie Connector Project:

34 Nanticoke, Haldimand County, Ontario Page Construction activities should be suitably planned to avoid and/or minimize impacts to identified cultural heritage resources. In particular, staging and construction activities should be planned to avoid impacts to CHL 6 (Hickory Beach Lane, a historic streetscape identified during the field review); 2. If avoidance of CHL 6 (Hickory Beach Lane) is not possible, then a resource specific heritage impact assessment (HIA) should be carried out prior to construction to evaluate the cultural heritage value of this resource, identify cultural heritage attributes, and develop appropriate mitigation measures. Potential mitigation measures may include landscape documentation prior to construction and post-construction landscaping to restore pre-construction conditions; 3. Post-construction landscaping and rehabilitation plans should be undertaken in a manner that is sympathetic to the overall setting. Wherever possible, landscaping with appropriate/sympathetic historic plant materials is recommended, and fence rows should be preserved where extant; and, 4. Should future work require an expansion of the study area then a qualified heritage consultant should be contacted in order to confirm the impacts of the proposed work on potential cultural heritage resources.

35 Nanticoke, Haldimand County, Ontario Page REFERENCES Archaeological Services Inc (ASI) 2015 Stage 1-2 Archaeological Assessment, Lake Erie Connector Project Terminal Station, Part of Lot 7, Concession 1, Former Township of Walpole, Haldimand County, Ontario Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment (Background Research and Property Inspection), Lake Erie Connector Project, Nanticoke, Part of Lots 4-6, Concession 1, Former Township of Walpole, County of Haldimand, Ontario. Canada s Historic Places 2010 Nanticoke National Historic Site of Canada. [online]. Available at < Last accessed 24 June County of Haldimand 2006 The Haldimand County Official Plan. [online]. Available at < Last accessed 20 August Google Earth 2009 Nanticoke. 42 o N and 80 o W. Google Earth Last accessed 2 July Haldimand Museums 2013 The Battle of Nanticoke. [online]. Available at < 0of%20Nanticoke%20School%20Brochure.pdf> Last accessed 24 June Heritage Haldimand 2014 Heritage Haldimand Designated Properties. [online]. Available at < Last accessed 24 June H.R. Page & Co Illustrated Historical Atlas of the County of Haldimand. Toronto, Ontario. Hunting Survey Corporation Limited 1954 Plate [online]. Available at < Last accessed 2 July Mika, Nick and Helma Mika 1981 Places in Ontario, Vol. 2, F-M. Mika Publishing Company, Belleville. Mika, Nick and Helma Mika 1983 Places in Ontario, Vol. 3, N-Z. Mika Publishing Company, Belleville. Ministry of Consumer Services 1990 Cemeteries Act 2002 Funeral, Burial and Cremation Services Act

36 Nanticoke, Haldimand County, Ontario Page 26 Ministry of Culture, Ontario 1981 Guidelines on the Man-Made Heritage Component of Environmental Assessments 1992 Guidelines for Preparing the Cultural Heritage Resource Component of Environmental Assessments 2005 Ontario Heritage Act Ministry of Tourism and Culture, Ontario 2005 Ontario Heritage Act Ontario Heritage Tool Kit 2010 Standards and Guidelines for the Conservation of Provincial Heritage Properties Check Sheet for Environmental Assessments: Screening for Impacts to Built Heritage Resources and Cultural Heritage Landscapes Ministry of Environment, Ontario 2006 Environmental Assessment Act Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Housing, Ontario 2005 Ontario Planning Act 2005 Provincial Policy Statement Ministry of Transportation 2002 Environmental Reference for Highway Design 2006 Cultural Heritage Built Heritage and Cultural Heritage Landscapes: Technical Requirements for Environmental Impact Study and Environmental Protection/Mitigation Environmental Guide for Built Heritage and Cultural Heritage Landscapes Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport 2005 Ontario Heritage Act Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists. Cultural Programs Branch, Ontario Ministry of Tourism and Culture, Toronto. Natural Resources Canada 1996 National Topographic Survey (NTS) Sheet 40 I/16 (Simcoe) Source Water 2007 Nanticoke Creek. [online]. Available at < Last accessed 25 June 2014.

37 Nanticoke, Haldimand County, Ontario Page CULTURAL HERITAGE RESOURCE INVENTORY Table 4: Inventory of built heritage resources (BHR) and cultural heritage landscapes (CHL) in the study area Resource Type Address/Location Recognition Description Photos BHR 1 Residence 337 Regional Road 3 Designated under Part IV of the Ontario Heritage Act Known as the Low Residence, this house was built in 1875 by Arthur Low. This one-and-a-half storey residence has a centre hall plan and is clad in red brick with buff brick quoins and decorative detailing. In 1950, James Morrow, a world famous metallurgist bought the house (Heritage Haldimand 2014). Morrow worked for Stelco for almost 50 years. Stelco purchased the property in 1968 for public relations and reception purposes (Heritage Haldimand 2014). Heritage attributes of the Low Residence include: Doorways; Windows; Bargeboard; Roofline; and, Chimneys. Landscape features on the Low Residence property include manicured lawns, mature trees, a woodlot, a pond, and circulation routes. South and east elevations of 337 Regional Road 3 West-northwest view of 337 Regional Road 3 showing relation of outbuildings to farmhouse BHR 2 Schoolhouse 38 Rainham Road National Historic Site under the Historic Sites and Monuments Act This former schoolhouse features a rectangular plan with a front wing. The main structure has a hipped roof while the front wing has a hipped roof with a centre gable. The roof is clad in asphalt shingles and the exterior walls are made of red brick. The foundations consist of rusticated stone. A bell tower is located at the apex of the centre gable and a date plaque is located on the front façade. The date plaque reads S.S.N. 1 WALPOLE A.D The schoolhouse features two entrances, located on the east and west sides of the building, respectively. These entrances were likley used as separate girls and boys entrances. The windows on the first floor appear to be recent/replaced but the windows in the basement and on the second storey of the front façade appear to be original. Landscape features on the property include mature trees, a manicured lawn, a flag pole, baseball diamond, playground, and a gravel parking lot. The schoolhouse is currently in use as the Nanticoke Town Hall. A schoolhouse is depicted on the 1879 map of the Township of Walpole in the same location at the current structure. It is likely that an older schoolhouse existed on the property before the current structure was erected in It should be noted that this property is designated as a national historic site and is associated with the Battle of Nanticoke, which took place on the Nanticoke Generating Station Propery in The site was designated in The Battle of Nanticoke site is discussed separately in this report as CHL 5. Front façade (north elevation) of 38 Rainham Road East and north elevations of 38 Rainham Road

38 Nanticoke, Haldimand County, Ontario Page 28 Resource Type Address/Location Recognition Description Photos BHR 3 Residence 41 Rainham Road Identified during field review This one-and-a-half storey residence has a T-shaped plan and a wing on the west elevation. The east side of the structure has a covered verandah that is supported by four pillars. The main structre has a centre gable on the west elevation and cross gable on the east elevation that is offset to the north. The roof has black asphalt shingles and the exterior walls feature vinyl cladding. All windows and doors appear to be recent/replaced. All windows on the front façade have decorative storm shutters. Landscape features on the property include mature trees, shrubs, a flower garden. The house appears on the 1879 map of the Township of Walpole with Geo. Dils listed as the property owner. Front façade (south elevation) of 41 Rainham Road West and south elevations of 41 Rainham Road BHR 4 Residence 49 Rainham Road Identified during field review This one-and-a-half storey Gothic Revival Cottage features a gable roof with a centre gable. The roof is covered with wood board-and-batten cladding and the exterior walls are covered with clapboard siding. The front façade features three windows and a centrally placed door. The door has a transom with multi-pane sidelights. The house is set back approximately 100 m from the Rainham Road ROW. Landscape features on the property include mature trees, a tree-lined gravel driveway, and a manicured lawn. The house appears on the 1879 map of the Township of Walpole with Jas. Banfield listed as the property owner. BHR 5 Residence 61 Rainham Road Identified during field review This one-and-a-half storey Victorian style residence has an L-shaped plan and a closed porch. The closed porch is located on the east elevation and appears to be a relatively recent addition to the structure. The main structure has a gable roof that is clad in asphalt shingles. The exterior walls are clad in red brick. The windows on the main floor have segmental arched voussoirs with radiating bricks and the windows on the second floor have semi-circular voussoirs with radiating bricks. The front façade features a bay with three windows. All windows appear to be original but the front door appears to be recent/replaced. Front façade (south elevation) of 49 Rainham Road South elevation of 49 Rainham Road showing the deep set back Landscape features on the property include mature trees, a gravel driveway, and a lawn. Historically, a grist mill was located on the southeast corner of the property. The grist mill is no longer extant. The house appears on the 1879 map of the Township of Walpole with Jno. Banfield listed as the property owner. Front façade (south elevation) of 61 Rainham Road. East and south elevations of 61 Rainham Road.

39 Nanticoke, Haldimand County, Ontario Page 29 Resource Type Address/Location Recognition Description Photos BHR 6 Residence 86 Rainham Road Identified during field review This simple two-storey residence features a hipped roof, moulded cornice and decorative brackets. The roof is clad in asphalt shingles and the exterior walls are made of brick that has been covered in grey stucco. Buff brick voussoirs around the windows and door on the front façade are just barely visible through the plaster. The house has a rectangular plan and little decorative detail. The house is set back approximately 50 m from the Rainham Road ROW. Landscape features on the property include a mix of mature and young trees, a manicured lawn, a flower garden, and a gravel driveway. Possible remnants of an orchard are located on the west side of the property. This residence is part of the historic settlement of Nanticoke, which is depicted on the 1879 map of the Township of Walpole. The house is also visible on the 1954 aerial photo of Nanticoke. It should be noted that this residence is likely associated with the grist mill that is shown on the 1879 map of the Township of Walpole. The landscape remnants of the mill are now included on 78 Rainham Road and are discussed seperately in this report as CHL 2. Front façade (north elevation) of 86 Rainham Road East and north elevations of 86 Rainham Road BHR 7 Residence 91 Rainham Road Identified during field review This one-and-a-half storey Gothic-Revival Cottage features a saltbox roof and centre gable. The roof is clad in metal sheeting and the exterior is clad in vinyl siding. The house features wood vents in the centre gable and on the east elevation. The house has two wings; one located on the west elevation and one located at the rear. An open porch is centrally placed around the front door on the front façade (south elevation). Landscape features include a mature tree line on the west side of the property, mature trees, shrubs, manicured lawns, and an asphalt driveway. This residence is part of the historic settlement of Nanticoke, which is depicted on the 1879 map of the Township of Walpole. The house is also visible on the 1954 aerial photo of Nanticoke. Front façade (south elevation) of 91 Rainham Road East and south elevations of 91 Rainham Road BHR 8 Residence 93 Rainham Road Identfied during field review This two-storey Victorian style residence has an L-shaped plan and features numerous design details. The house has a gable roof that is clad in asphalt shingles. An interior chimney is centrally located at the intersection of the cross gables. The exterior of the house is clad in red brick with buff brick quoins and lintels. A bay with three windows is located on the west side of the front façade. A covered porch is located on the east side of the front façade. The front door has a rectangular transom and appears to be original. All windows appear to be recent/replaced. Landscape features include a gravel driveway, mature trees, and a lawn. This residence is part of the historic settlement of Nanticoke, which is depicted on the 1879 map of the Township of Walpole. The house is also visible on the 1954 aerial photo of Nanticoke. Front façade (south elevation) of 93 Rainham Road East and south elevations of 93 Rainham Road

40 Nanticoke, Haldimand County, Ontario Page 30 Resource Type Address/Location Recognition Description Photos BHR 9 Residence/ Former Church 119 Rainham Road Identifid during field review This former church features a rectangular plan with a centrally placed tower on the front façade. The main structure has a gable roof that is clad in metal sheeting. The tower features a pyramidal roof with projecting eaves, decorative brackets, and a spire. The tower has a date plaque, which reads M.C.C The exterior walls of the building feature red brick with buff brick banding and decorative detail. The building also features buff brick buttresses on all elevations. The windows have semi-circular openings with hooded labels made of buff brick. The main entrance features a semi-circular transom with three lights and a hooded label made of buff brick. The windows and doors appar to be original. Landscape features on the property include circulation routes, a stone patio, front walkway, mature trees, and manicured lawn. This church has been renovated and is currently in use as a private residence. This former church is part of the historic settlement of Nanticoke, which is depicted on the 1879 map of the Township of Walpole. The former church is also visible on the 1954 aerial photo of Nanticoke. Front façade (south elevation) of 119 Rainham Road East and south elevations of 119 Rainham Road BHR 10 Residence 125 Rainham Road Identified during field review This residence consists of two attached structures. The structure on the west side of the property is a one-and-a half storey Victorian style residence. The structure has a rectangular plan with the short façade facing Rainham Road. The structure has a gable roof that is clad in metal sheeting and features a projecting eaves, vergeboard, and a wood spire at the apex of the gable. The front façade of the structure is clad in metal sheeting while the rest of the structure is clad in white painted brick. All windows appear to the be recent/replaced. The main entrance is centrally placed on the front façade and features a recessed doorway. The structure on the east side of the property consists of a one-storey bungalow with a rectangular plan. The long façade faces Rainham Road. This structure appears to be relatively recent and is likely a later addition to the structure on the west side of the property. Landscape featues on the property include a lawn, flower garden, young trees, shrubs, and circulation routes. This residence is part of the historic settlement of Nanticoke, which is depicted on the 1879 map of the Township of Walpole. The residence is also visible on the 1954 aerial photo of Nanticoke. Front façade (south elevation) of 125 Rainham Road East and south elevations of 125 Rainham Road BHR 11 Residence 122 Rainham Road Identified during field review This two-storey Italiante style residence has a rectangular plan and a hipped roof. A closed porch is located on the west elevation. The roof is clad in grey asphalt shingles and the exterior walls are clad in red brick. The front façade has a central dormer with a plain gable pediment. The house has a moulded soffit and frieze. All second storey windows appear to be original and feature plain pediments. All main floor windows appear to be recent/replaced. The front door appears to be recent. The house is generally covered with ivy. Landscape features on the property include a lawn, shrubs, mature trees, and a walkway leading to the front door. This residence is part of the historic settlement of Nanticoke, which is depicted on the 1879 map of the Township of Walpole. The house is also visible on the 1954 aerial photo of Nanticoke. Front façade (north elevation) of 122 Rainham Road West and north elevations of 122 Rainham Road

41 Nanticoke, Haldimand County, Ontario Page 31 Resource Type Address/Location Recognition Description Photos BHR 12 Residence 133 Rainham Road Identified during field review This one-and-a half storey Victorian style residence has a L-shaped plan and a cross gable roof. A recent addition and garage are located on the west elevation. The roof is clad in metal sheeting and has projecting eaves with decoratve vergeboard. The structure is clad in red brick and features buff brick voussoirs around all window openings. Windows on the second floor have semi-circular openings, while windows on the first floor have segmental arch openings. The front façade has a closed porch with a shed roof. Landscape features on the property include a driveway, flower gardens, shrubs, mature trees, and a lawn. This residence is part of the historic settlement of Nanticoke, which is depicted on the 1879 map of the Township of Walpole. The house is also visible on the 1954 aerial photo of Nanticoke. Front façade (south elevation) of 133 Rainham Road West and south elevations of 133 Rainham Road BHR 13 Residence 141 Rainham Road Identified during field review This residence features a rectangular plan with an offset gable on the west side of the front façade. The roof is clad with metal sheeting and the exterior walls are clad in red brick. The buidling has few decorative finishes with the exception of buff brick voussoirs around windows on the front façade and on the first floor of the east elevation. A closed verandah is located along the front façade. All windows and doors appear to be replaced. Landscape features on the property include a gravel driveway, flower garden, mature trees, and a lawn. This residence is part of the historic settlement of Nanticoke, which is depicted on the 1879 map of the Township of Walpole. The house is also visible on the 1954 aerial photo of Nanticoke. BHR 14 Residence 190 Rainham Road Identified during field review This two-storey residence has a rectangular plan, a hipped roof, and a wing on the east elevation. The roof of the main structure is clad in asphalt shingles and the exterior walls are clad in vinyl siding. A small wing is located on the east elevation. Front façade (south elevation of 141 Rainham Road East and south elevations of 141 Rainham Road The residence features projecting eaves with decorative brackets and a plain frieze with a moulded lip. All windows have decorative shutters and appear to be original. A closed porch is located on the front façade. Landscape features on the property include a gravel driveway, a lawn, mature trees, and shrubs. This structure appears on the 1954 aerial image of Walpole. However, the architectural style and materials suggest that this residence dates to the nineteenth century. Front façade (north elevation) of 190 Rainham Road East and north elevations of 190 Rainham Road

42 Nanticoke, Haldimand County, Ontario Page 32 Resource Type Address/Location Recognition Description Photos BHR 15 Residence 191 Rainham Road Identified during field review This Gothic Revival Cottage is one-and-a-half storeys and features a saltbox roof with a a central gable. The roof is clad in metal sheeting and the exterior walls are clad in shiplap siding. The residence features a wing on the west elevation. All windows and doors appear to be replaced.the house is set back approximately 50 m from the Rainham Road ROW. Landscape features on the property include circulation routes, a manicured lawn, established trees and shrubs. This residence appears on the 1879 map of the Township of Walpole. Front façade (south elevation) of 191 Rainham Road West and south elevations of 191 Rainham Road BHR 16 Residence 207 Rainham Road Identified during field review This one-and-a-half storey residence has a L-shaped plan and a cross gable roof. The roof is clad with metal sheeting and the exterior walls are clad with vinyl siding. All windows and doors appear to be recent/replaced. A brightly painted barn is located to the northeast of the house. The house is partially obscured by vegetation so detailed observations are not possible from the public ROW. Landscape features on the property include mature trees, shurbs, and a dirt driveway. This residence appears on the 1879 map of the Township of Walpole. BHR 17 Residence 231 Nanticoke Road Identified during field review This one-and-a-half storey residence has a T-shaped plan. The structure features a gabel roof with a centre gable on the north elevation. The roof is clad with metal sheeting and the exterior walls are clad with vinyl siding. A bay with three windows is located on the north side of the east elevation. The house has simple finishes and little decorative detail. Front façade (south elevation) of 207 Rainham Road East and south elevations of 207 Rainham Road Landscape features on the property include a manicured lawn, established trees, a gravel driveway, and a cluster of willow trees in the southeast corner of the property. This residence is depicted on the 1879 map of the Township of Walpole and is visible on the 1954 aerial image of Nanticoke. Front façade (east elevation) of 231 Nanticoke Road North and east elevations of 231 Nanticoke Road

43 Nanticoke, Haldimand County, Ontario Page 33 Resource Type Address/Location Recognition Description Photos CHL 1 Watercouse Nanticoke Creek Identified during field review Nanticoke Creek meanders through the historic Village of Nanticoke and empties into Lake Erie. The creek has a total length of approximately 43 km and originates just south of the hamlet of Scotland and eventually empties into Lake Erie. Nanticoke Creek has historically supported a number of urban centres including the Town of Waterford, the Village of Townsend, and the Village of Nanticoke (Source Water 2007). The creek supports agriculture in the northern part of the watershed, which consists predominantly of tobacco, peanuts, and rotating grains (Source Water 2007). Livestock operations are the dominant form of agriculture in the rest of the watershed. The Nanticoke Creek follows its historic alignment in the vicinity of the study area. Characteristics include sloped banks that are populated with mature trees and shrubs. The Nanticoke Creek is visible on the 1879 historic map of the Township of Walpole. North view along Nanticoke Creek South view along Nanticoke Creek CHL 2 Former Mill Property 78 Rainham Road Identified during field review This property contains remnant landscape features from a ninetenth-century grist mill, which is depicted on the property on the 1879 histpic map of the Township of Walpole. Remnant feaures include the former alignment of the mill race and a mill pond. The residence on this property is relatively recent and does not exhibit cultural heritage value since it is less than 40 years old. It should be noted that the remnant mill race and pond are likely associated with residence located at 86 Rainham Road. This residence is discussed seperately in this report as BHR 6. CHL 3 Church and Cemetery 136 Rainham Road Designated under Part IV of the Ontario Heritage Act The Christ Church was built in 1886 and includes Gothic style design attributes such as pointed windows, spires, and polychromatic brick work (Haldimand County 2014). The front façade of the building features a three part Gothic window and memorial windows. Heritage attributes for the building exterior include: All brick elevations, including buttresses and foundation; Wooden cornice; Belfry, including bell and ringing mechanism; Entry door and transom; and, Stained glass windows. Note the grist mill and mill race depicted on the east side of the Nanticoke River (H.R. Page & Co 1879) Note location of the mill pond on the 2009 aerial image of Nanticoke (Google Earth 2009) Heritage attributes of the building interior include: Interior woodwork, including window frames, wainscotting arches and ceiling; and, Pews and choir loft. In addition to the main structure, the Christ Church features an attached building on the east side of the church. This structure is called Memorial Hall and was built in The building features a gable roof, red brick exterior, pointed arch windows, brick buttresses with sloped stone sills, and an open porch. Front façade (north elevation) of 136 Rainham Road Photo of the Heritage Landmark plaque located on the fron façade of the main structure The Christ Church property also contains a cemetery located on the southwest side of the main

44 Nanticoke, Haldimand County, Ontario Page 34 Resource Type Address/Location Recognition Description Photos church structure. The cemetery is located approximately 30 m south of the Rainham Road ROW. Landscape features on the Christ Church property include mature trees, shrubs, circulation routes, and a woodlot. Southeast view towards Memorial Hall. Southeast view towards the cemetery located at 136 Rainham Road CHL 4 Farm Complex 156 Rainham Road Identified during field review This farm complex features one residence, three barns, three outbuildings, and three silos. The residence is two stories is built in Italiante style. The house has a L-shaped plan with a two-storey bay on the front façade. The roof is a hipped roof that has projecting eaves and is clad in metal sheeting. The roof line has ghosting, which suggests that it once featured a series of decorative brackets. CHL 5 Battlefield 34 Nanticoke Road, Nanticoke Generating Station National Historic Site under the Historic Sites and Monuments Act The exterior walls of the house are made of red brick with buff brick quoins. All window openings have segmental brick arches with radiating brick voussoirs. All windows on the main structure appear to be original. The house has a closed verandah, which wraps around the north and east elevations of the structure. Detailed observations of the barns, silos, and outbuilings are not possible from the pubic ROW due to the deep setback. Landscape features on the property include circulation routes, agricultural fields and field boundaries, a watercourse, established trees, and a lawn surrounding the house. This farm complex is depicted on the 1879 map of the Township of Walpole and is visible on the 1954 aerial image of Nanticoke. The Nanticoke National Historic Site of Canada is located on the banks of Lake Erie in the former Towship of Walpole (Canada s Histroic Places 2010). It marks the location of a skirmish that occurred in November 1813 between a volunteer militia of local farmers and a group of American marauders who were pillaging district farms. Three of the marauders were killed, several wounded, 18 captured and others escaped. This effectively ended plundering expeditions in the area and over 3000 kg of provisions were saved for the British militia on the Niagara frontier, which enabled them to continue their winter campaign. There are no extant remains of the battle on the site, which is currently occupied by the Nanticoke Generating Station (Canada s Historic Places 2010). Official recognition refers to the former property of John Dunham at the time of designation in Character defining elements for the Nanticoke Nation Historic Site include: Its location on the banks of Lake Erie, in Walpole Township, Ontario; Its setting on a flat parcel of land, currently occupied by the Nanticoke Generating Station; The integrity of any surviving or as of yet unidentified archaeological remains which may be found within the site in their original placement and extent; Viewscapes from the site across Lake Erie. Front façade (north elevation) of the farmshouse located at 156 Rainham Road Southeast view towards the Nanticoke Generating Station South view towards the barn, outbuildings, and silos located at 156 Rainham Road Photo of a plaque commemorating the Battle of Nanticoke

45 Nanticoke, Haldimand County, Ontario Page 35 Resource Type Address/Location Recognition Description Photos It should be noted that the address for the designated property is listed as 38 Rainham Drive, which is discussed separately in this report as BHR 2. CHL 6 Streetscape Hickory Beach Lane Identified during field review Hickory Beach Lane is a gravel road that follows the shoreline of LakeErie between Nanticoke Road and Erie Street. The road is two lanes in width and has no shoulders. The road is bordered by small cottages on both the north and south. Hickory Beach Lane appears on the 1879 historic map of the Township of Walpole. The cottages along the street are shown on the 1954 aerial image of Nanticoke. Northeast view along Hickory Beach Lane East view along Hickory Beach Lane showing cottages on the south side of the street

46 Nanticoke, Haldimand County, Ontario Page CULTURAL HERITAGE RESOURCE LOCATION MAPPING Figure 6: Lake Erie Connector Project Key Plan

47 Nanticoke, Haldimand County, Ontario Page 37 Figure 7: Lake Erie Connector Project Location of Built Heritage Resources (BHR) and Cultural Heritage Landscapes (CHL) (Sheet 1)

48 Nanticoke, Haldimand County, Ontario Page 38 Figure 8: Lake Erie Connector Project Location of Built Heritage Resources (BHR) and Cultural Heritage Landscapes (CHL) (Sheet 2)

49 Nanticoke, Haldimand County, Ontario Page 39 Figure 9: Lake Erie Connector Project Location of Built Heritage Resources (BHR) and Cultural Heritage Landscapes (CHL) (Sheet 3)

50 Nanticoke, Haldimand County, Ontario Page 40 Figure 10: Lake Erie Connector Project Location of Built Heritage Resources (BHR) and Cultural Heritage Landscapes (CHL) (Sheet 4)