L Spring Semester 2017, ETH Zürich. Gerhard Schmitt SMART CITIES

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1 SMART CITIES L Spring Semester 2017, ETH Zürich Gerhard Schmitt

2 Sm 1 GS ET: Introduction Objectives, Definition, MOOC Exercise 1: QUA-KIT Definitions Context Smart Objects, Smart Buildings, Smart Cities 3 GS: Urban Big Data Stocks and Flows in Urban Systems 4 GS ET: Urban Measuremen t Measuremen t and Simulation Exercise 2: Urban Measuremen t art 5 GS: Urban Science Citizen Design Science ies 6 GS: Complexity Science Complexity Science Exercise 3: QUA-KIT 7 GS: Smart Governance Participator y Design and Management 8 GS: Smart Livability City Livability Rankings 10 GS: From smart cities to responsive cities From smart cities to responsive cities Final presentation on MOOC discussion topics

3 The story so far: Big Data as new urban raw material, made useful with Information Architecture and with the Stocks and Flows concept From smart houses to smart cities emerging criteria for smart cities as urban systems Cities are complex systems. Ideally, they are sustainable, resilient, livable, smart, and finally responsive from production machines to human habitat

4 Big Data

5 Big Data In 2017, more than 15 billion Internet of Things devices routinely record where we are, what we do and with whom we communicate Those Data can be recorded and analysed with increasing ease They thus become a new raw material for Information Architecture

6 Big Data - 4V Volume: very large amounts of data Variety: diverse types and sources of data Velocity: rapid increase of data volume Veracity: insecurity regarding quality and meaning

7 Case Study: Songdo Big Data from observations

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13 Case Study: Zürich (Big) Data from simulation

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18 Motivation In the next 30 years, urban living and working space for 2 Billion people is needed, mostly in tropical and subtropical areas. The present way to build cities does not scale. Needed: A massive change of perception and behaviour.

19 Urban Metabolism Understand the city to behave as a dynamic and complex system Read and model this system in terms of Stocks and Flows Recognise Urban Stocks as basic elements of the urban metabolism and as locally available resources

20 Stocks and Flows - Origins

21 Stocks and Flows: People and Health

22 Stocks and Flows: Water and Capital -

23 Stocks and Flows: Energy and Materials

24 Stocks and Flows: Energy and Materials

25 Stocks and Flows: Energy and Materials

26 Stocks and Flows: Space and Density -

27 Examples for Urban Stocks and Flows People and Health Water and Capital Energy and Materials Space and Density Information Stocks and Flows: Transportation and Information - Behaviour

28 Big Data SATW Ethical Values 1. Protection of privacy 2. Eqality and non-discrimination, no monopolies 3. Personal decision on data use, agreement necessary 4. Control over own digital identity, corrections 5. Transparency especially concerning algorithms 6. Solidarity especially in insurances 7. Contextual integrity especially business/private 8. Ownership and intellectual property of data

29 The ETH Future Cities Laboratory in Singapore

30 Scales, Stocks and Flows SMALL BUILDING TECHNOLOGY LOW EXERGY MEDIUM URBAN DESIGN LARGE TERRITORIAL PLANNING DIGITAL FABRICATION SPACE ENERGY MATERIALS PEOPLE CAPITAL WATER INFORMATION A/P ARCHITECTURE & CONSTRUCTION TRANSFORMING & MINING URBAN STOCKS HOUSING URBAN DESIGN STRATEGIES & RESOURCES URBAN SOCIOLOGY A/P ARCHITECTURE & URBAN PLANNING TERRITORIAL ORGANISATION LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY MOBILITY & TRANSPORTATION PLANNING A/P ARCHITECTURE & TERRITORIAL PLANNING SIMULATION PLATFORM

31 Reclaiming Backlanes Boat Quay Low Exergy Prof. Dr. Arno Schlueter

32 UWC From research to first application: 3-for-2 concept as a 600 m2 living lab at new UWC megablock UWC megablock 3-for-2 project space Low Exergy Prof. Dr. Arno Schlueter

33 Research Modules Digital Fabrication Prof. Fabio Gramazio Prof. Matthias Kohler Using robotic technology to design models of high-rise buildings. Image source: Bas Princen Back to Stocks & Flows

34 Bamboo Concrete Research question: Can bamboo fibers be used to replace steel as a reinforcement material in concrete? SMART Innovation Grant awarded in March 2013 Benefits of Bamboo as a construction material: Grows in most developing countries Tensile strength is double that of construction steel Produced as a composite material, it could be used as reinforcement in concrete structures It is a renewable resource, cheap, light and strong

35 Housing Prof. Sacha Menz An Interdisciplinary Case Study on the Development of Singapore Public Housing Typologies (1960- Present). Image source: Module X

36 Research Modules Transforming & Mining Urban Stocks Prof. Dr Uta Hassler Exploring the preservation and conservation of heritage buildings. Image source: Module III Back to Stocks & Flows

37 District scale Rochor + survival rate Iris Belle, Uta Hassler, Ankur Choudhury, in preparation 10,000 6, s 1970s ,000 Rochor+ building footprints map regression Transforming and Mining Urban Stocks Prof. Dr. Uta Hassler Presenter: Iris Belle

38 Research Modules Urban Design Strategies & Resources Prof. Kees Christiaanse Investigating the notion of centralities in the city, and the role of the airport with respect to mobility, migration and infrastructure. Image source: Max Hirsh Back to Stocks & Flows

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40 Research Modules Urban Sociology Comparative studies of cities. Prof. Dr Christian Schmid Image source: Module V Back to Stocks & Flows

41 Research Modules Territorial Organisation Prof. Dr Marc Angélil Mitigating poverty through building sustainable towns. Image source: Module VI Back to Stocks & Flows

42 Research Modules Landscape Ecology Prof. Christophe Girot Understanding and improving the future of urban rivers. Image source: Derek Vollmer Back to Stocks & Flows

43 Research Modules Mobility & Transportation Planning Prof. Dr Kay Axhausen Studying urban transport systems to maximize efficiency. Image source: Module VIII Back to Stocks & Flows

44 MATSPaaS Multi-Agent Transport Simulation Platform as a Service MATSim Singapore

45 Summary Stocks and flows are a fundamental concept to understand cities and to develop them further Big Data is part of the Stocks and Flows of Information in the sense of Information Architecture, it becomes a new raw material The ethical aspects of using Big Data will determine its acceptance in the future