Back to basics. Setting HEVs for Liquid Overfed Evaporators. 13 th Annual IRC R&T Forum May 8-9, 2013
|
|
- Rodney Simpson
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Back to basics Setting HEVs for Liquid Overfed Evaporators 13 th Annual IRC R&T Forum May 8-9, 2013 Todd B. Jekel, Ph.D., P.E. Assistant Director, IRC
2 Overview Valve characteristics Nomenclature Setting hand expansion valves Recommendations Other methods 2
3 Valve Characteristics Refrigerating Specialties Globe Hand Exp. Hansen Technologies Hansen Technologies 3
4 Identifying Hand Exp. Valves Bodies are similar or identical Hand-expansion valves have bar stock handles or yellow stem caps Globe Hand Exp. Hansen Technologies 4
5 Locating Hand-expansion Valves Liquid Overfed Evaporator (isolation valves not shown) hot gas pumped liquid wet (protected) suction 5
6 Recirculation or Overfeed? Recirculation rate, N R, is the total liquid mass flow delivered to the evaporator divided by the mass flow of liquid evaporated Overfeed rate, N O, is the unevaporated liquid mass flow divided by the evaporated mass flow 6
7 Recirculation or Overfeed? The are related, but they are not synonymous! N R = N O + 1 Pump sizing requires N R Evaporator manufacturers often specify N O KNOW THE DIFFERENCE! 7
8 Determining volume flow rate From mass flow rate [lb m /min] or tons GPM m NR tons , h h o i Circulating Rate, N R Recirculated Liquid Flow Rate (gpm/ton) Liquid Saturation Temperature [ F] / ( C) -60 (-51) -40 (-40) -20 (-29) 0 (-18) +20 (-7) +40 (+4) 2: : : :
9 Flow Coefficient, C v A simplified equation often used for determining flow rate through a valve given pressure drop, flow coefficient, and fluid specific gravity is: GPM = C v p S where GPM is the volume flow rate in gallons/min, Dp is the pressure drop in psi, S is the specific gravity, and C v has units of gpm/psi 0.5 9
10 Hansen Technologies, Bulletin G510b Setting 1. Determine the evaporator capacity 2. Determine the valve man. & size 3. Determine the target C v 4. Estimate turns open from table or graph 10
11 Setting, continued R/S Bulletin 82-00B 11
12 Example Evaporator 15 tons operating at +20 F, manufacturer recommends 3:1 overfeed Valve 1 straight pattern, welded, assume 10 psi pressure difference Results Hansen Technologies: 3.7 turns open R/S: 1.8 turns open 12
13 Pressure difference The pressure difference across the hand expansion valve is needed to determine the flow rate We don t usually have pressure gauges on both sides of the valve We can estimate the pressure difference 13
14 Estimating the pressure diff. Gather the following: Pump pressure difference Elevation difference between the pump and the hand exp. valve Subtract 5 psi for the evaporator s button orifices Vessel Net Static Can get more sophisticated, but setting the valve isn t too sensitive 14
15 Ammonia Static Head Temperature [ F] ft per psi psi per ft
16 Pressure Difference Example Pumped +20 F liquid Pump differential pressure is 35 psi Elevation difference is 50 ft between the pump and the hand exp. valve Results in a 14 psi drop Assume 5 psi across the orifices Pressure Diff. Estimate 16 psi 16
17 Updated Example Same evaporator from earlier, now with 15 psi instead of the assumed 10 psi Hansen Technologies: 3.4 turns open R/S: 1.6 turns open Effected the setting by <0.3 turns 17
18 Setting Recommendations Ensure you are using the an estimate of the actual temperature difference (TD) on the evaporator Many plants have evaporator capacity at 10 F TD, but operate at higher TDs Obtain an actual supply liquid pressure reading near the evaporator if possible 18
19 Setting Recommendations Recommend setting for slightly lower overfeed than manufacturer s recommendation for cataloged capacity (i.e. clean) for frosted evaporators Evaporator capacity will drops by to 30-40% as it frosts Important if you are using a VFD on the evaporator fan 19
20 Other methods Frost Method: close fully, then slowly reopen until u-bends and suction riser begins to frost (opening the hand valve further may cause a loss of evaporator capacity) Experimental Method: Measure the air temperature difference across the evaporator at different hand expansion valve settings, maximize the temperature difference 20
21 QUESTIONS? 21
Selection and Operational Considerations. Harold Streicher, Vice President Sales Hansen Technologies, Inc.
Selection and Operational Considerations Harold Streicher, Vice President Sales Hansen Technologies, Inc. Introduction to liquid refrigerant pumps Open Drive and Semi-Hermetic (sealless) centrifugal pumps
More informationPhillips. HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL ASSEMBLIES For Ammonia (R-717) and Halocarbon Refrigerants
Phillips REFRIGERATION MECHANICAL PUMP RECIRCULATORS BULLETIN MPR-03E Engineering Data VALVES VESSELS SYSTEMS CONTROLS HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL ASSEMBLIES For Ammonia (R-717) and Halocarbon Refrigerants
More informationPURGER INSTALLATION AND OPERATION BULLETIN PUR-SB17-02 SERVICE BULLETIN
VALVES VESSELS SYSTEMS CONTROLS PURGER INSTALLATION AND OPERATION BULLETIN PUR-SB17-02 SERVICE BULLETIN System drawings shown in this bulletin are for illustration purposes only. Refrigeration systems
More informationDISCLOSURE THIS GUIDEBOOK WAS PREPARED BY THE IRC. NEITHER THE IRC, NOR ANY PERSON ACTING ON BEHALF OF THEM:
DISCLOSURE DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTIES AND LIMITATION OF LIABILITIES THIS GUIDEBOOK WAS PREPARED BY THE IRC. NEITHER THE IRC, NOR ANY PERSON ACTING ON BEHALF OF THEM: (A) MAKES ANY WARRANTY OR REPRESENTATION
More informationThe Electronic Newsletter of The Industrial Refrigeration Consortium Vol. 14 No. 3, 2014
chan The Electronic Newsletter of The Industrial Refrigeration Consortium Vol. 14 No. 3, 2014 OIL MANAGEMENT DO S AND DON TS Oil management is one area of major difference between ammonia refrigeration
More informationThe Electronic Newsletter of The Industrial Refrigeration Consortium Vol. 11 No. 1, 2011
chan The Electronic Newsletter of The Industrial Refrigeration Consortium Vol. 11 No. 1, 2011 PRESSURE RELIEF CAPACITY DETERMINATION FOR EQUIPMENT Previously in The Cold Front (2006), we provided an introduction
More informationUse of Dispersion Modeling Software In Ammonia Refrigeration Facility Design. By: Martin L. Timm, PE Corporate Process Safety Manager
Use of Dispersion Modeling Software In Ammonia Refrigeration Facility Design By: Martin L. Timm, PE Corporate Process Safety Manager For the UW-Madison IRC R&T Forum, May 8-9, 2013 Introduction My IIAR
More informationDISCLAIMER OF WARRANTIES AND LIMITATION OF LIABILITIES
DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTIES AND LIMITATION OF LIABILITIES THIS REPORT WAS PREPARED BY THE ORGANIZATION(S) NAMED BELOW. NEITHRE THE ORGANIZATION(S) BELOW, NOR ANY PERSON ACTING ON BEHALF OF THEM: (A) MAKES
More informationGas-Fired Double-Effect Chiller-Heater
Gas-Fired Double-Effect Chiller-Heater CH-K Series: 30, 40, 50, 60, 80, 100 RT Cooling with Standard Heating Capacities W E A R E F R I E N D L Y T O T H E E A R T H Gas-Fired Double-Effect Chiller-Heater
More informationMASS. MARITIME ACADEMY
MASS. MARITIME ACADEMY REFRIGERATION LAB OUTLINE Rev.3 Fall 2015 Table of Content Page Lab #1: Introduction to refrigeration system components, tools and procedures 1 Lab #2: Familiarization, operation,
More informationBrining in Liquid Overfeed Evaporators
Brining in Liquid Overfeed Evaporators Impacts Upon Top-Feed & Bottom-Feed Configurations Key words: refrigeration; brining; subcool; evaporators Abstract A mechanically pumped, bottom-fed liquid overfeed
More informationLOW RECIRCULATION RATE EVAPORATORS
WHITE PAPER LOW RECIRCULATION RATE EVAPORATORS Written by: Jeff Welch President Welch Engineering Corporation Abstract Fin coil evaporators with enhanced internal tube surfaces allow for optimum performance
More informationEnergy efficient food processing: focus on refrigeration. Refrigeration Systems Review
Energy efficient food processing: focus on refrigeration Refrigeration Systems Review Todd Jekel, P.E., Ph.D. Assistant Director, IRC University of Wisconsin Madison University of Wisconsin-Madison Introduction
More informationGP SERIES Packaged Chillers
Material Handling Process Cooling Temperature Control Size Reduction Temperature Control Process Cooling Material Handling Size Reduction GP SERIES Packaged Chillers Precision Comprehensive Engineered
More informationKCC Centrifugal Fan Air Cooled Condensers
PRODUCT DATA & INSTALLATION Bulletin K50-KCC-PDI-10 KCC Centrifugal Fan Air Cooled Condensers Air Cooled Models from 103 Thru 164 Four to ninety Ton 1064435 We are on the Internet www.keepriterefrigeration.com
More informationTo accomplish this, the refrigerant fi tis pumped throughh aclosed looped pipe system.
Basics Refrigeration is the removal of heat from a material or space, so that it s temperature is lower than that of it s surroundings. When refrigerant absorbs the unwanted heat, this raises the refrigerant
More informationSECTION 5 COMMERCIAL REFRIGERATION UNIT 22 CONDENSERS UNIT OBJECTIVES UNIT OBJECTIVES 3/22/2012
SECTION 5 COMMERCIAL REFRIGERATION UNIT 22 CONDENSERS UNIT OBJECTIVES After studying this unit, the reader should be able to explain the purpose of the condenser in a refrigeration system. describe differences
More informationWHITE PAPER. ANSI/AHRI Standard for Fan and Coil Evaporators - Benefits and Costs
Abstract Fan and coil evaporators as used in the industrial refrigeration industry can be certified for performance per ANSI/AHRI Standard 420-2008, Performance Rating of Forced-Circulation Free-Delivery
More informationPRESSURE-ENTHALPY CHARTS AND THEIR USE By: Dr. Ralph C. Downing E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Inc. Freon Products Division
INTRODUCTION PRESSURE-ENTHALPY CHARTS AND THEIR USE The refrigerant in a refrigeration system, regardless of type, is present in two different states. It is present as liquid and as vapor (or gas). During
More informationPREDICTION OF THE PRESSURE DROP OF CO 2 IN AN EVAPORATOR USED FOR AIR COOLING ABSTRACT 1. INTRODUCTION 2. EXPERIMENTAL SET-UP AND PROCEDURE
PREDICTION OF THE PRESSURE DROP OF CO 2 IN AN EVAPORATOR USED FOR AIR COOLING M. POIRIER, D. GIGUÈRE, Z. AIDOUN, M. OUZZANE Natural Resources Canada, CANMET Energy Technology Centre-Varennes 1615, Lionel
More informationIncident Summary #II (#9286) (FINAL)
Incident Summary #II-762099-2018 (#9286) (FINAL) Incident Date October 24, 2018 Location Regulated industry sector Langley Refrigeration Boilers and Pressure Vessels SUPPORTING INFORMATION Impact Injury
More informationEmerging Technologies: VFDs for Condensers. Douglas T. Reindl Director, IRC University of Wisconsin-Madison. University of Wisconsin-Madison
Emerging Technologies: VFDs for Condensers Douglas T. Reindl Director, IRC University of Wisconsin-Madison University of Wisconsin-Madison 1 We ve looked at VFDs on Evaporators and compressors, what is
More informationGas Fired Double-Effect Chiller-Heater CH-MG Series: 150 and 200 RT Cooling Capacities
Gas Fired Double-Effect Chiller-Heater CH-MG Series: 150 and 200 RT Capacities W E A R E F R I E N D L Y T O T H E E A R T H Gas Fired DOUBLE-EFFECT Chiller-Heater Absorption Principle Yazaki MG-Series
More informationAUTO-PURGER AP. Noncondensible Gas (Air) Refrigerant Purger. Model APW OPERATOR INSTALLATION & INSTRUCTION MANUAL
AUTO-PURGER AP Noncondensible Gas (Air) Refrigerant Purger Model APW OPERATOR INSTALLATION & INSTRUCTION MANUAL For Models APC, AP01, AP08, AP16, AP24, and 'W' Versions TABLE OF CONTENTS Section 1 Mounting
More informationThe Electronic Newsletter of The Industrial Refrigeration Consortium Vol. 9 No. 1, 2009
The Electronic Newsletter of The Industrial Refrigeration Consortium Vol. 9 No. 1, 2009 UNDERSTANDING HYDRAULIC SHOCK In the last issue of the Cold Front (Vol. 8 No. 4) we reviewed basic processes and
More informationMCBV MOTOR CONTROLLED BALL VALVES
MCBV MOTOR CONTROLLED BALL VALVES STAINLESS STEEL for Industrial Refrigeration Applications, Capacities, Features, & Advantages HANTEMP MCBV (U.S. Patent # 9,518,665) Motor Controlled Ball Valves are gaining
More informationSelecting Circulators TD10 EFFECTIVE: SUPERSEDES:
TACO COMFORT SOLUTIONS : HOME HEATING BASICS Selecting Circulators TD EFFECTIVE:.3. SUPERSEDES:.. This article shows you how to select a Taco circulator that lets the hydronic system you re designing perform
More informationHEAT EXCHANGER FORMULAS & EXAMPLE
Formulas for Heat Exchanger System using a Modulating Control Valve Definition of Terms and Units: E = Mean Heat Transfer Rate or Heat Load (Btu/hr) E D = Design Heat Load (Btu/hr) U = Overall Heat Transfer
More informationHEAT EXCHANGERS Maximize Thermal Efficiency with LaZerWeld Plate Heat Exchangers. For Industrial Refrigeration
HEAT EXCHANGERS Maximize Thermal Efficiency with LaZerWeld Plate Heat Exchangers For Industrial Refrigeration HEAT EXCHANGERS Frick Quality Heat Exchanger Solutions Proven Technology LaZerWeld Plate Heat
More informationLow Charge ADX Ammonia. Presented by: Bruce Nelson, President, Colmac Coil Manufacturing Rick Watters, Vice President, AMS Mechanical Systems
Low Charge ADX Ammonia Presented by: Bruce Nelson, President, Colmac Coil Manufacturing Rick Watters, Vice President, AMS Mechanical Systems Background Why use ammonia? It s a natural refrigerant ODP =
More informationSMALL AIR COOLED CONDENSERS
Catalog KM-KDX-0816A Supersedes Catalog KM-KDS-1014A UNICON SMALL AIR COOLED CONDENSERS 2 Unicon Efficient and Reliable Kramer s Remote Air Cooled Condensers innovative design provides a wide array of
More informationPerformance Requirements for Air-Cooled Condenser
#120 ACRD Requirements for Selecting 3 rd Party Remote Air-Cooled Condenser and Flooded Receiver Abstract The InRow RD (ACRD600, ACRD601, ACRD602, ACRD600P, ACRD601P, ACRD602P) is an air-cooled DX air
More informationII. OBJECTIVE OF RESEARCH
Enhancement of Coefficient of Performance of Vapor Compression Refrigeration System Using Diffuser at let of Condenser Mr. Nurul Seraj 1, Dr. S. C. Roy 2 1 Student, 2 Head of Department, Department of
More informationInstallation Methods for HBX Sensors
Installation Methods for HBX Sensors New Sensor Technologies Control Phase of Refrigerant, which make Ammonia more Safe and Optimize all Types of Refrigeration Systems Works with NH3, CO2, Propan & HFC/HFO
More informationWater Piping and Pumps
Technical Development Program DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS Water Piping and Pumps PRESENTED BY: Michael Ho carriertdp@gmail.com 424-262-2144 Menu Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Section 4 Section 5 Section 6 Section
More informationCase 13 Food Storage & Processing Center
Case 13 Food Storage & Processing Center Copy Right By: Thomas T.S. Wan ( ) Feb. 2, 2002 All Rights Reserved Case Background: The refrigeration system is for a food processing and storage facility. The
More informationApplication of two hybrid control methods of expansion valves and vapor injected compression to heat pumps
AM-4249223-1 - Application of two hybrid control methods of expansion valves and vapor injected compression to heat pumps Christian K. Bach, Graduate Student, Eckhard A. Groll, Reilly Professor, James
More informationHeat Reclaim. Benefits,Methods, & Troubleshooting By Dave Demma, Manager Supermarket Sales, Sporlan Division - Parker Hannifin Corporation
Form 30-217 / January 2007 Heat Reclaim Benefits,Methods, & Troubleshooting By Dave Demma, Manager Supermarket Sales, Sporlan Division - Parker Hannifin Corporation While the vapor-compression cycle has
More informationCatalog. Self-operated Regulators Volume 2 Temperature Regulators
Catalog Self-operated Regulators Volume 2 Temperature Regulators Self-operated Regulators Temperature Regulators Volume 2 Catalog 2012 Overview Self-operated Temperature Regulators 5 Self-operated Pressure
More informationA Series T 3. Unit Coolers - Technical Catalog. Product Benefits: Comdustrial TM Refrigeration. Adaptability- Durability- Serviceability-
A Series Unit Coolers - Technical Catalog Product Benefits: T 3 $ Adaptability- Century systems go where others can t. Your Century system is engineered to meet your specific project application and job
More informationRDT Refrigeration Book
RDT Refrigeration Book Indoor / Outdoor Air-Cooled Systems Indoor Air-Cooled Systems 1. Shorter line runs. 2. Systems located off roof or dock space. 3. Weather covers are not required (saves cost). 4.
More informationTechnical Development Program
Technical Development Program COMMERCIAL HVAC CHILLER EQUIPMENT Water-Cooled Chillers PRESENTED BY: Omar Rojas Sales Engineer Menu Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Section 4 Section 5 Section 6 Section 7
More informationA Treatise on Liquid Subcooling
A Treatise on Liquid Subcooling While the subject of this article is Liquid Refrigerant Subcooling, its affect on the operation of the thermostatic expansion valve (TEV), and ultimately on system performance
More information2,500 tons CO2 emission reductions 20% Application guide to CO2 secondary coolant systems
MAKING MODERN LIVING POSSIBLE Application guide to CO2 secondary coolant systems Fighting global warming with CO2 may seem counter intuitive, but by replacing water-based brine systems you can both reduce
More informationThermostatic Expansion Valves Type TR 6
MAKING MODERN LIVING POSSIBLE Data sheet Thermostatic Expansion Valves Introduction The series is a hermetic tight design, designed and developed with features especially for use in applications such as:
More informationBefore I start on this one At HVAC School we focus on a wide range of topics, many of them are very basic. My experience as a trainer for over 16
Refrigerant Charging Basics For Air Conditioning & Heat Pump Systems Before I start on this one At HVAC School we focus on a wide range of topics, many of them are very basic. My experience as a trainer
More informationHERZ Regulating valve 4002
HERZ Regulating valve 4002 Data sheet 4002, Issue 0214 Dimensions in mm B1 B2 1 4002 41 1 4002 61 1 4002 42 1 4002 62 1 4002 43 1 4002 63 1 4002 44 1 4002 64 1 4002 45 1 4002 65 1 4002 46 1 4002 66 DN
More informationRefrigerant Glide and Effect on Performances Declaration
Refrigerant Glide and Effect on Performances Declaration Scope and Purpose As a consequence of the EU regulation 517/2014 (F-gas), the future synthetic refrigerants with a low global warming potential
More informationIRC Staff. Director Doug Reindl 608/ or 608/
The Cold Front IN THIIS ISSUE Liquid Injection vs. 1-6 Thermosiphon Oil Cooling of Screw Compressors Upcoming Ammonia Classes 2 Noteworthy 2 Join the IRC in 2004 6 2004 R&T Forum Advanced 7 Notice IRC
More informationNumerical Study on the Design of Microchannel Evaporators for Ejector Refrigeration Cycles
Purdue University Purdue e-pubs International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference School of Mechanical Engineering 216 Numerical Study on the Design of Microchannel Evaporators for Ejector Refrigeration
More informationMECHANICAL SCIENCE Module 2 Heat Exchangers
Department of Energy Fundamentals Handbook MECHANICAL SCIENCE Module 2 Heat Exchangers Heat Exchangers DOE-HDBK-1018/1-93 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES... ii LIST OF TABLES... iii
More informationOtherwise, you can continue reading the file on the following pages.
If you d like to be able to print this file out to study off-line or use on the job, a printable version is available for an administrative fee of $3.97 USD. To download the unlocked file, click here.
More informationPressure Enthalpy Charts
Pressure Enthalpy Charts What is a p-h Diagram? A p-h diagram is a diagram with a vertical axis of absolute pressure and a horizontal axis of specific enthalpy. "Enthalpy is the amount of energy in a substance
More informationJune 2001 / BULLETIN Way Valves. The right solenoid valve for any job.
June 01 / BULLETIN - 3-Way Valves The right solenoid valve for any job. Page 2 / Bulletin - Advantages Sporlan 3-Way Valves 3-Way Pilot eliminates costly high- to low-side leaks. "B" reduces total installed
More informationPerformance Optimization of the Evaporative Condenser Design
Performance Optimization of the Evaporative Condenser Design Mit. C. Patel P.G.Student, Mech. Engg.Dept. Institute of Technology, Nirma University, Ahmadabad, Prof. B. A. Shah Mechanical Engineering Department
More informationAND AIR-CONDITIONING. Dr Ali Jawarneh Department of Mechanical Engineering Hashemite University
Chapter 14 GAS VAPOR MIXTURES AND AIR-CONDITIONING Dr Ali Jawarneh Department of Mechanical Engineering Hashemite University 2 Objectives Differentiate between dry air and atmospheric air. Define and calculate
More informationTRIDENT GS SERIES Central Chiller
Blending Conveying Drying Process Cooling Heat Transfer Size Reduction TRIDENT GS SERIES Central Chiller Compact Innovative Scalable Innovative and compact designs with 50 to 120 individual circuit chilling
More informationParaWeld Plate Heat Exchangers
APV HEAT EXCHANGER Product Name / Title Subtitel / C=20 M=0 Y=0 K=28 ParaWeld Plate Heat Exchangers WELDED PAIR PLATE HEAT EXCHANGER FOR REFRIGERATION About APV SPX FLOW provides advanced APV heat transfer
More informationVERSECON Indoor Vertical Self-Contained Air Conditioner YSWU Ton Water-Cooled
FORM 145.05-EG1 (1004) VERSECON Indoor Vertical Self-Contained Air Conditioner YSWU 10 105 Ton Water-Cooled Table of Contents FORM 145.05-EG1 (0804) Features and Benefits.....................................................
More informationc o n d e n s e r Glossary of Terms
c o n d e n s e r Glossary of Terms ARI Standard Conditions 85 F. water inlet; 95 F. water out; 105 F. condensing; 0.0005 fouling factor Flow Rate or Velocity The speed at which the condensing water travels
More informationJCseries EVAPORATIVE CONDENSER. engineering data
JCseries EVAPORATIVE CONDENSER engineering data Recold JC Series Evaporative Condenser Contents 2 Construction... 3 Schematic... 4 Engineering Data... 5 Selection Procedure... 6-9 Multi-Circuited Selection
More informationCO 2 EVAPORATOR DESIGN
By Bruce I. Nelson, P.E., President, Colmac Coil Manufacturing, Inc. CO 2 EVAPORATOR DESIGN Introduction The process of selecting air cooling evaporators to operate in a CO 2 refrigeration system is very
More informationenergydesignresources
energydesignresources design brief Energy building Efficiency design Practices in Industrial Refrigeration Summary Energy costs are a significant expense for facilities that operate industrial refrigeration
More informationIntelligent Refrigeration Solutions
Intelligent Refrigeration Solutions Stop Check Valves Suitable for all common refrigerants including R-717 (Ammonia), R-134a and others Temperature Range: -50 F to 240 F (-46 C to +116 C) Temperature Below:
More informationR.A.S.E.R.S System. Installation Guide
R.A.S.E.R.S System Installation Guide Contents R.A.S.E.R.S System components... 1 Required components for heating, cooling, and hot water...1 Provided...1 Not provided...2 Optional components...3 R.A.S.E.R.S
More informationMechanical Analysis Energy Savings Graph 1 Built-up Roof Graph 2 Green Roof
4.1 - Energy Savings It is known that a green roof reduces the energy use of a building. The extra layer of insulation and reduced roof temperatures cause the heat flux through a thermal roof to be less
More informationTechnical Bulletin (TB-0037)
Technical Bulletin (TB-0037) BITZER Software Guide Version 4, January 2015 DEFINITION OF TERMS Terms Found in the BITZER Software Condenser Capacity: The power needed to reject heat from the refrigerant
More informationTwo-Phase Evaporation Pressure Drop Experimental Results for Low Refrigerant Mass Flux
Purdue University Purdue e-pubs International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference School of Mechanical Engineering 2016 Two-Phase Evaporation Pressure Drop Experimental Results for Low Refrigerant
More informationLife-Cycle Energy Costs and Greenhouse Gas Emissions for Gas Turbine Power
energy center Paper Report Summary 210-1 174-2 Fixed and Floating Head Pressure Comparison for Madison Ice Arena Life-Cycle Energy Costs and Greenhouse Gas Emissions for Gas Turbine Power July 1998 April,
More informationThermostat KPU. Data sheet
Data sheet Thermostat KPU The KPU Thermostats are temperature controlled electrical switches, which are applied for regulation and safety monitoring of refrigeration and air conditioning systems. KPU sensors
More informationSubmitted to. Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi The Texas A&M University System. Submitted by. Yeqiao Zhu Dan Turner David Claridge
ESL-TR-99/12-04 Report of Energy Efficiency Study and Metering/Utilities Profile for Electricity Deregulation at the Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi (TAMU-CC) Corpus Christi, Texas Submitted to Texas
More informationThermodynamics: Homework A Set 7 Jennifer West (2004)
Thermodynamics: Homework A Set 7 Jennifer West (2004) Problem 1 Water is the working fluid in a Carnot vapor power cycle. Saturated liquid enters the boiler at a pressure of 18 MPa, and saturated vapor
More informationAir-Cooling Evaporators
Air-Cooling Evaporators Types of construction Circuit Configurations Methods of Refrigerant Feed Methods of Air Circulation Methods of Defrost Type of Construction Bare tube Finned Tube Plate-surface Bare
More informationFS 231: Final Exam (5-6-05) Part A (Closed Book): 60 points
Name: Start time: End time: FS 231: Final Exam (5-6-05) Part A (Closed Book): 60 points 1. What are the units of the following quantities? (10 points) a. Enthalpy of a refrigerant b. Dryness fraction of
More informationCompressors, Chillers & Condensers
Totaline s water-cooled condensers are designed for a wide range of applications and are available in many models ranging from 5 to 400 nominal tons. Small and large condensers are available for fresh
More informationWIBR SERIES. Unit Coolers - Technical Catalog Hunt St - Pryor, OK Fax
WIBR SERIES Unit Coolers - Technical Catalog 4492 Hunt St - Pryor, OK 74361-918.825.7222 - Fax 800.264.5329 - www.century-refrigeration.com Features/Applications Century Refrigeration s WIBR Series Unit
More informationSTC Series Twin Unit Coolers (E329630_A)
STC Series Twin Unit Coolers Operating and Installation Manual STC Series Twin Unit Coolers (E329630_A) TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 RECEIPT OF EQUIPMENT 3 1.1 INSPECTION 3 1.2 LOSS OF GAS HOLDING CHARGE 3 2 ASSEMBLY
More informationSystem Design, Commissioning, Operation
PART 3: CO 2 as a Refrigerant System Design, Commissioning, Operation Service This series continues with the introduction of transcritical, cascade and secondary systems; how each system works; and compares
More informationLoad Sharing Strategies in Multiple Compressor Refrigeration Systems
Purdue University Purdue e-pubs International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference School of Mechanical Engineering 2 Load Sharing Strategies in Multiple Compressor Refrigeration Systems K. A.
More informationA hydronic system controls comfort by delivering heated or cooled fluid to the conditioned space through pipes.
Introduction to Hydronics A hydronic system controls comfort by delivering heated or cooled fluid to the conditioned space through pipes. Hydronic heating systems use hot water or steam to deliver the
More information9. ENERGY PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT OF HVAC SYSTEMS
9. ENERGY PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT OF HVAC SYSTEMS 9.1 Introduction Air conditioning and refrigeration consume significant amount of energy in buildings and in process industries. The energy consumed in
More informationCALEFFI. Thermostatic mixing valves with replaceable cartridge for centralized systems. 5230, 5231 series 01080/13 NA ASSE Replaces 01080/11 NA
Thermostatic mixing valves with replaceable cartridge for centralized systems 3, 3 series CCREDITED ISO 9 FM ISO 9 No. 3 /3 N Replaces / N Function The thermostatic mixing valve is used in systems producing
More informationMAKING MODERN LIVING POSSIBLE. Thermostatic expansion valves, type TR 6 REFRIGERATION & AIR CONDITIONING DIVISION.
MAKING MODERN LIVING POSSIBLE Thermostatic expansion valves, type REFRIGERATION & AIR CONDITIONING DIVISION Technical leaflet Technical leaflet Thermostatic expansion valves, type Contents Page Introduction........................................................................................3
More informationChiller Plant Design. Julian R. de Bullet President debullet Consulting
Chiller Plant Design Julian R. de Bullet President debullet Consulting 703-483-0179 julian@debullet.com This ASHRAE Distinguished Lecturer is brought to you by the Society Chapter Technology Transfer ASHRAE
More informationTechnical Papers. 31st Annual Meeting. International Institute of Ammonia Refrigeration. March 22 25, 2009
Technical Papers 31st Annual Meeting International Institute of Ammonia Refrigeration March 22 25, 2009 2009 Industrial Refrigeration Conference & Exhibition The Hyatt Regency Dallas, Texas ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
More informationPACKAGED AIR COOLED Product Data Catalog
PACKAGED AIR COOLED Product Data Catalog MODELS ASP-10A ASP-15A ASP-20A ASP-00P ASP-00F ASP-00G A MEMBER OF MARDUK HOLDING COMPANY, LLC The Leader in Modular Chillers ETL and CSA Approved CHILLER MODULES
More informationTEST REPORT #32. System Soft-Optimized Test of Refrigerant D2Y60 in Air Source Heat Pump
Air-Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute (AHRI) Low-GWP Alternative Refrigerants Evaluation Program (Low-GWP AREP) TEST REPORT #32 System Soft-Optimized Test of Refrigerant D2Y60 in Air Source
More informationINSTANT CHILLER. Chester-Jensen Co., Inc. Unit Construction and Short Gas Flow
Chester-Jensen Co., Inc. INSTANT CHILLER COOLANT RETURN FROM PROCESS Chilling water instantly and continuously to 33ºF presents no problem to the user of a Chester-Jensen Chiller. Other liquids, brine,
More informationExperimental and Numerical Study on the Performance of R410A Liquid Recirculation Cycles with and without Ejectors
Purdue University Purdue e-pubs International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference School of Mechanical Engineering 2014 Experimental and Numerical Study on the Performance of R410A Liquid Recirculation
More informationTechnical Training Associates Presents. Commercial Refrigeration Equipment Servicing Part 1
Technical Training Associates Presents Commercial Refrigeration Equipment Servicing Part 1 By Jim Johnson A Practical Approach To The Fundamentals Of Walk-Ins, Reach-In and, Display Cases: Restaurant,
More informationRadiator valve inserts
Radiator valve inserts Valve insert cartridge The heart of the Oventrop radiator valve is the insert. All the working functions of the valve have been incorporated into a removable cartridge. This cartridge
More informationMath. The latent heat of fusion for water is 144 BTU s Per Lb. The latent heat of vaporization for water is 970 Btu s per Lb.
HVAC Math The latent heat of fusion for water is 144 BTU s Per Lb. The latent heat of vaporization for water is 970 Btu s per Lb. Math F. to C. Conversion = (f-32)*(5/9) C. to F. Conversion = C * 9/5 +
More informationNumerical Stability Analysis of a Natural Circulation Steam Generator with a Non-uniform Heating Profile over the tube length
Numerical Stability Analysis of a Natural Circulation Steam Generator with a Non-uniform Heating Profile over the tube length HEIMO WALTER Institute for Thermodynamics and Energy Conversion Vienna University
More informationInstallation Instructions
. AquaSnap 30MPA,MPW015-071 Liquid Chillers with Scroll Compressors and ComfortLink Controls 50/60 Hz Installation Instructions CONTENTS Page GENERAL........................................ 1 SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS.....................1,2
More informationFor an administrative fee of $9.97, you can get an un-locked, printable version of this book.
The System Evaluation Manual and Chiller Evaluation Manual have been revised and combined into this new book; the Air Conditioning and Refrigeration System Evaluation Guide. For an administrative fee of
More informationStudy on the Effect of Blade Angle on the Performance of a Small Cooling Tower
Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 42 : 378-384 (2008) Study on the Effect of Blade Angle on the Performance of a Small Cooling Tower Montri Pirunkaset* and Santi Laksitanonta ABSTRACT This paper presents the effect
More informationTHERMOSTATIC EXPANSION VALVES Part 1
Refrigeration Service Engineers Society 1666 Rand Road Des Plaines, Illinois 60016 THERMOSTATIC EXPANSION VALVES Part 1 Revised by Loren Shuck, CMS INTRODUCTION The thermostatic expansion valve (frequently
More informationMODEL URS-1: FACTORY RETROFIT PROGRAM
MODEL URS-1: FACTORY RETROFIT PROGRAM The USR-1 unit has gone through extensive testing in order to attain maximum performance. It has been determined that in order to set the unit for all weather operation,
More informationBN-ACCMX MAR 2016 Replaces BN-TB-ACCMX MAR Air-Cooled Condenser. with Microchannel Coil Technology Models NRG NRJ
BN-ACCMX MAR 2016 Replaces BN-TB-ACCMX MAR 2015 Air-Cooled Condenser with Microchannel Coil Technology Models NRG NRJ Table of Contents Nomenclature... 2 Features & Benefits... 3 Capacity and Specifications...
More informationAir-Cooled Condensers
CH-RACCTB APR 2015 Replaces CH-RACCTB April 2011 Air-Cooled Condensers Technical Guide Models WSS Table of Contents Features & Options...2 Condenser Selection... 3-4 Performance Data...5 Dimensional Data...5
More information