The possible use of evacuation modelling tools for the rolling stock

Transcription

1 The possible use of evacuation modelling tools for the rolling stock Guillaume CRAVEUR Serge METRAL Thierry DUPRE SNCF Centre d Ingénierie du Matériel Guillaume CRAVEUR Fire Protection in Rolling Stock - Berlin

2 About me I am : From the SNCF Centre d Ingénierie du Matériel (Rolling Stock Engineering Centre) Fire Safety Engineer Member of ISO/TC 92/SC 4 : Fire Safety Engineering Member of CEN TC256 WG1 : Fire Protection in Rolling Stock 1 SNCF Guillaume CRAVEUR

3 Centre d Ingénierie du Matériel : who are we? Part of SNCF Rolling Stock Division, located in Le Mans Over 70 years of experience in railway rolling stock engineering 250 technicians and engineers covering 90 technological and scientific railway disciplines Comprehensive know-how : Specification, support to development, design and installation of railway rolling stock and its equipment, assistance to project management for all rolling stock, know-how upgraded by analysis of operational feedback and technology watch Clients: Operators Manufacturers Equipment suppliers Rolling stock and wagon operators wagon owners Organising Authorities Institutional bodies Infrastructure managers 2 SNCF Guillaume CRAVEUR

4 What we do Technical responsibilities Project Management Safety and braking equipment Diesel engine Bogies and bearing equipment Propulsion and energy conversion Body structure and interior fittings Systems engineering and transverse functions 3 SNCF Guillaume CRAVEUR

5 What we do Services Procurement and refurbishment of rolling stock Assessment and diagnostics Functional and technical standards drafting Safety equipment integration and qualification Verification of component compliance with standards & regulations Assistance and advice for rolling stock design and homologation All engineering services available with & 4 SNCF Guillaume CRAVEUR

6 SUMMARY CHAPTER 1 Why use numerical evacuation tools? CHAPITRE 2 Comparison between a physical test of evacuation and numerical modelling tools results CHAPTER 3 Other modeling realized : DASYE HD-OUIGO 5 SNCF Guillaume CRAVEUR

7 1. Why use numerical evacuation tools? - Regulatory environment - Earnings - Number of very important use configuration

8 Regulatory environment European regulation (LOC&PAS TSI 2014) imposes: The number of the doors and their dimensions shall allow the complete evacuation within three minutes by passengers without their baggage in a situation where the train is stopped alongside a platform. It is permitted to consider that passengers with reduced mobility are to be assisted by other passengers or staff, and that wheelchair users are evacuated without their wheelchair. Verification of this requirement shall be made by a physical test with a normal load as defined in clause and under normal operating conditions. 7 SNCF Guillaume CRAVEUR

9 Earnings Contrary to a physical test, numerical simulations do not require : - Immobilization of a train - People to participate to the physical test (for example : 118 people from the Rolling Stock Engineering Centre for the evacuation of a double deck train) - A railway platform 8 SNCF Guillaume CRAVEUR

10 Additional opportunities given by numerical evacuation tools Try different populations (repartition men/women, people characteristics ) Try different architectures (for example : with or without folding seats) Simulate evacuation with or without baggage (stop at check baggage, congestion in the corridors) Simulate panic Simulate the propagation of a fire and to see the effects of fire and smoke on people 9 SNCF Guillaume CRAVEUR

11 2. Comparison between a physical test of evacuation and numerical modelling tools results - Presentation of the physical test - Modelling and results obtained with the FDS+Evac software - Modelling and results obtained with the buildingexodus software

12 Evacuation of TGV 2N2 11 SNCF Guillaume CRAVEUR

13 Real test of evacuation TGV double deck, in Le Mans station 92 passengers in coach 8 26 passengers in coach 7 (half of the high room) who had the obligation to use the staircase which permits to exit from coach 8 Total of 118 passengers The total evacuation time is 126 seconds 12 SNCF Guillaume CRAVEUR

14 Real test of evacuation 13 SNCF Guillaume CRAVEUR

15 Guide for the application of LOC&PAS TSI The test exercise shall be on a sufficient scale to ensure that all equipment and procedures are fully evaluated. A real test of a 'part train' or 'part load' may be sufficient to validate assumptions about detrainment times and effectiveness of emergency equipment, provided that results can be extrapolated by modelling or analogy to a full train situation. 14 SNCF Guillaume CRAVEUR

16 Softwares used FDS+Evac Free software distributed by the NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) specialized in fire propagation modelling with a module dedicated to evacuation developed by the VTT buildingexodus Software developed by FSEG (Fire Safety Engineering Group) from the University of Greenwich, specialized in evacuation modelling with a module dedicated to fire propagation 15 SNCF Guillaume CRAVEUR

17 Modelling with FDS+Evac software People : 100 men and 18 women People location Instantaneous reaction times. People walking speed. Multiple simulations performed to capture the stochastic variations in egress times. 16 SNCF Guillaume CRAVEUR

18 Results obtained with FDS+Evac Average evacuation time for 100 simulations : 131 seconds Average gap with the physical test : 4% Maximun gap with the physical test : 14,3% Minimum gap with the physical test : 0% 1,50E+02 1,45E+02 Temps d'évacuation (s) 1,40E+02 1,35E+02 1,30E+02 Résultats obtenus avec FDS+evac Temps d'évacuation de l'essai réel 1,25E+02 1,20E Numéro de la simulation 17 SNCF Guillaume CRAVEUR

19 Modeling with buildingexodus Cleaning of the geometry Scaling 18 SNCF Guillaume CRAVEUR

20 Modeling with buildingexodus Creation of the mesh used by buildingexodus Creation of the panel population 19 SNCF Guillaume CRAVEUR

21 Results obtained with buildingexodus People : 100 men and 18 women 20 SNCF Guillaume CRAVEUR

22 Results obtained with buildingexodus Average evacuation time for 100 simulations : 124,7 secondes Average gap with the physical test : 1% Maximum gap with the physical test : 3,9% Minimum gap with the physical test : 0% Temps d'évacuation (s) Résultats obtenus avec EXODUS Temps d'évacuation de l'essai réel Numéro de la simulation 21 SNCF Guillaume CRAVEUR

23 Conclusion for the comparison real test / modeling The modelling of evacuation is acceptable. The lawful requirement from the LOC&PAS TSI 2014 is satisfied. The correlation between experimental datas and the numerical simulations allows to validate the use of the numerical evacuation tools. 22 SNCF Guillaume CRAVEUR

24 3. Other modeling realized : DASYE HD- OUIGO - Evacuation modeling tools are used to justify the modification of DASYE HD-OUIGO towards requirements of LOC&PAS TSI 2014

25 DASYE HD-OUIGO Goal : To verify the respect of LOC&PAS TSI 2014 To try the 3+1 seats configuration towards evacuation To see the influence on evacuation time with seats in R4 Population panel : 634 travelers (381 men and 253 women) whose 2 UFR Attributes Average Min Max Age Agility Drive Walking speed (m/s) Response time (s) SNCF Guillaume CRAVEUR Weight (kg) Height (m)

26 DASYE HD-OUIGO Evacuation time homogeneous between the 7 doors. Rate of evacuation flow by vehicle similar. Identical slopes, approximation by a linear function. The factor which will have an importance for the evacuation time is the number of travellers by vehicle. The vehicle R8, which contains the most travellers, will be the longest to evacuate. 25 SNCF Guillaume CRAVEUR

27 DASYE HD-OUIGO The evacuation time is sized by others criteria than the configuration 3+1 The door width : only one person at a time can use the door important congestion in front of the door The congestion in front of the door results in the fact that a person who left his seat tardily can catch people who have left earlier. The fact to spend more time to leave the seat (which is the case in the configuration 3+1 relative to the configuration 2+2) has no effect on the total evacuation time. 26 SNCF Guillaume CRAVEUR

28 DASYE HD-OUIGO Changing slopes for all curves when reaching 80 seconds Near the 80 seconds, all the lower rooms are empty Evacuation one by one by the last travelers Slow-down of the evacuation Simulation number Evacuation time (s) simulation simulation simulation simulation simulation simulation simulation simulation simulation simulation SNCF Guillaume CRAVEUR

29 Conclusion With these tools, we can : Demonstrate the conformity of a rolling stock towards lawful requirements Highlight the important parameters for evacuation Compare architectures 28 SNCF Guillaume CRAVEUR

30 Thank you for your attention. 29 SNCF Guillaume CRAVEUR Contact : guillaume.craveur@sncf.fr