DUCT SMOKE DETECTORS IQ8

Transcription

1 Marcin Cichy DUCT SMOKE DETECTORS IQ8 Special fire alarm detectors

2 EN duct smoke detectors EN 54-27:2015 Fire detection and fire alarm systems Part 27: Duct smoke detectors New standard introduced in 2015 in each EU member state as national standard for air duct detectors. Valid standard in each EU member state as the only certification reference for duct smoke detectors EN54-27 is not harmonized yet > no CPR/CE certificates possible yet, no declaration of performance issued to EN54-27 standard possible yet There were no EN standards in the past for duct smoke detectors they were certified as point type detectors only Describes performance criteria, test methods, requirements, application area for air duct detectors as components of EN54-certified fire alarm systems

3 EN classification of DSD Duct smoke detectors (DSD) are used as: part of a fire detection and fire alarm system or as a stand-alone actuator for a fire protection system DSD sample air within air ducts of a building Detection of smoke can be used as a signal to the connected control and indicating equipment and can be used as a signal to an air-handling system to prevent the spread of smoke within the building 6 types of Duct smoke detectors by EN54-27 Type 1 DSD point smoke detector mounted inside the duct Type 2 DSD point smoke detector mounted inside the duct with additional electrical components e.g. visual indicators Type 3 DSD point smoke detector mounted outside the duct with additional mechanical means to sample the air Type 4 DSD - point smoke detector mounted outside the duct with additional mechanical means to sample the air and with additional eletrical components Type 5 DSD aspirating smoke detector with all sampling points inside the duct Type 6 DSD other types of DSD not complying with type 1 to type 5

4 EN test fires Duct smoke detector must pass the following test fires: TF2D smouldering (pyrolisis) wood fire at 1 m/s and 20 m/s airflow in test ventilation duct TF4D flaming plastics (polyurethane) fire at 1 m/s and 20 m/s airflow in test ventilation duct TF8D low temperature black smoke (decaline) liquid fire at 1 m/s and 20 m/s airflow in test ventilation duct DSD type 1 to type 4 shall use point smoke detector approved to EN54-7 DSD type 5 shall use ASD (aspirating smoke detector) approved to EN54-20 Only the highest sensitivy optical detectors, which use UV LED sensors can pass EN54-27 test fire requirements at 20 m/s airflow in ventilation duct DSD shall have certificate of compliance with EN54-27 to be used as duct smoke detector in fire alarm systems compliant with EN54 standards Point detectors and ASD detectors without EN54-27 certificate are not certified to be used as duct smoke detectors. Fire alarm system designed with such detectors is not EN54-compliant prcen/ts 54-14:2017 pt e) air duct smoke detectors shall comply with EN54-27

5 Duct smoke detectors in FDS designs Duct smoke detectors are often forgotten by designers and as result: there is no smoke detection in ventilation system (burning fans, motors, wires) there is no fire detection of AHU (air handling units), which are large, high power eletromechanical devices there is no protection against smoke supplied from outside with fresh air smoke can spread through ventilation system to other fire sections (without fire) triggering alarms and improper fire alarm system controls (incorrect automatic voice alarm evacuation routine, incorrect smoke extraction controls etc.) smoke can be supplied to building areas, where it could be damaging (archives, server rooms) or can trigger extinguishing unnecessarily

6 VdS, SITP - duct smoke detectors design VdS 2095 guidelines for automatic fire detection and fire alarm systems Detectors shall be provided as a minimum precaution in the inlet air duct downstream of the fan viewed in flow direction In the exhaust air duct upstream of the fan viewed in flow direction Polish guidelines for DSD design (SITP WP-02:2010) DSD shall detect smoke in fresh air supply from AHU DSD shall detect smoke in exhaust air duct from AHU DSD shall detect smoke in collective exhaust air duct from a fire section if: AHU is not protected against fire e.g. AHU units installed on building roof ventilation ducts run through areas not protected with fire detectors e.g. ventilation ducts routed via residential upper part of the building Fire alarm from DSD should immediatelly stop AHUs and activate fire dampers separating fire sections in ventilation ducts CEN/TS 54-14: Ducts smoke detectors should only be considered as providing local cover or as supplementing normal fire detection system. DSD should not be considered as replacement of normal fire detection in protected areas.

7 TRVB - duct smoke detectors design Austrian fire alarm design code TRVB 123 S duct smoke detectors shall be installed always in the following locations: Fresh air supply systems and air recovering systems: in the air supply flow, after the ventilator in the flow direction in the air exhaust flow, before the ventilator in the direction of air flow Duct smoke detector installed in the air supply flow can be avoided if the system is equipped with ventilators which can prevent the penetration of smoke in the air duct in case of ventilator fire Requirements above are not applicable for common air exhaust systems for wet or secondary rooms (toilets, bathrooms) if in the air ducts are integrated return valves at each floor level. In this situation are required neither air duct detectors nor disablement of the given ventilators

8 FIA - duct smoke detectors design Fire Industry Association (FIA) code of practice for design, installation& maintenance of duct smoke detectors (DSD) systems Used widely in UK DSDs are installed to: Prevent smoke from spreading from one area to another by airhandling system (switching off AHU, fans, closing dampers) Detect fire in air handling system (motors, wiring, fans) Extract smoke by opening vents, activating fans Prevent smoke entering the building from outside Extent of coverage by DSD: Depends on design of air-handling system Full coverage DSDs installed throughout air-handling system e.g. on ducts exiting fire sections Partial coverage DSDs installed to protect specific areas from smoke damage e.g. archives, computer rooms

9 FIA position of DSD in ventilation system supply side of HVAC system point of fresh air intake return system of each floor point of entry of common return

10 FIA DSD activations in fire alarm system 1. Turn off supply fans 2. Turn off condition equipment 3. Close dampers via local control 4. Signal to fire alarm panel 5. Close dampers via fire alarm panel control

11 NFPA 90A - duct smoke detectors design National Fire Protection Association NFPA 90A - Standard for installation of air-conditioning and ventilating systems Used widely in USA and internationally DSDs shall be located: Downstream of the air filter and ahead of any branch connections in air supply systems having a capacity greater than 944 L/sec (2000 ft 3 /sec) At each story prior to the connection to a common return and prior to any recirculation or fresh air inlet connection in air return systems having a capacity greater than 7080 L/sec (15000 ft 3 /sec) and serving more than one story Return system DSD shall not be required where the entire space served by the air distribution system is protected by a system of area smoke detectors Return system DSD shall not be required for fan units whose sole function is to remove air from the inside of the building to the outside of the building

12 NFPA 72 - duct smoke detectors design NFPA 72: standard for installation, maintenance and use of fire alarm systems DSDs design: Duct smoke detectors installed more than 3m above finished floor or in locations where detector s alarm or indicator is not visible to responding personel, the detectors shall be provided with remote alarm or supervisory indication in appropriate location Detectors that are installed in the air duct system shall not be used as a substitute for open air protection

13 NFPA 72 - duct smoke detectors design DSDs design: Duct smoke detectors installed more than 3m above finished floor or in locations where detector s alarm or indicator is not visible to responding personel, the detectors shall be provided with remote alarm or supervisory indication in appropriate location Detectors that

14 IQ8 LKM duct smoke detector ESSER by Honeywell new duct smoke detector Certified to EN54-27:2015 from April 2016 at CNBOP: CNBOP063-UWB-0019 certificate VdS certification to EN54-27 expected in Q1/2018 First EN54-27 certified duct some detector on the market Addressable duct smoke detector suitable for ESSER fire alarm systems only. IQ8 LKM duct smoke detector consists of: OTblueLKM sensor point detector detector socket UG7 housing Venturi pipe Cable glands Accessories: air filter, outdoor housing

15 IQ8 LKM duct smoke detector OTblueLKM sensor OTblueLKM detector is a sensor of IQ8 LKM detector Ultraviolet LED (UV) optical sensor Ultra high sensitivity and reaction speed More sensitive settings than standard OTblue detector Disabled heat sensor Built-in short circuit isolator Software addressing, remote diagnostics UG7 duct detector housing Transparent cover IP54 rating or IP65 rating with outdoor additional housing Rubber cap for test gas application Separate compartment for wires connection Air deflector with exchangable air filter Airflow indicator for operation status inspection

16 IQ8 LKM duct smoke detector IQ8 duct detector housing Very important is to follow manual reg. proper orientation of IQ8 sensor inside the housing DSD fixed to ventilation duct via 3 screws

17 Venturi pipes Lengths 0,6m (781466), 1,5m (781467), 2,8m (781468) Small ventilation ducts 60 cm pipe, shortened if needed, end cap Larger ventilation ducts: pipe cut to duct width and fixed on opposite end pipe must sample air from whole duct: routed along longer side of duct *some competition DSD cannot protect larger ventilation ducts - short pipes

18 Duct smoke detector installation Installed on straight segment of ventilation duct far from bends, junctions, openings etc. Airflow near Venturi pipe must be as less turbulent as possible For installation on oval ducts frame shall be used

19 IQ8 LKM highlights highlights EN certificate of compliance Single air sampling pipe one pipe sampling air from duct and returning air to duct. No double pipe detector (1st sampling, 2nd returning) one openinig in ventilation duct needed only Air sampling pipe of Venturi type samples air along whole lenght of the pipe, not only at the end or in some points Air sampling pipe suitable also for large ventilation ducts - up to 2,8 m width (DSD with short pipes are not suitable for larger ventilation ducts) Possible to install IQ8 LKM detector outdoors e.g. on ventilation ducts near AHU units on building roof when using additional outdoor protective housing providing IP66 Annual detector testing without opening DSD housing via inspection hole and test gas applications Suitabile for installation on rectangular or oval ventilation ducts when using adapter frame Internal air filter to minimize risk of OTblue sensor contamination Airflow indicator for verification of DSD operation