Contents: What is Pruning? Pruning Ornamental Shrubs
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1 Pruning Ornamental Shrubs Contents: What is pruning? Pruning principles Growth of woody plants Group exercise: Identification of plant parts Pruning principles Directing growth Principal pruning cuts Identifying flowering and growth habit By Neil Bell Community Horticulturist Marion and Polk Counties Pruning references Group exercise: Pruning problem worksheets What is Pruning? The selective removal of specific parts of the plant to benefit the whole plant Witch Hazel: Hamamelis x intermedia Forsythia sp. 1
2 Pruning is NOT: a way to compensate for inappropriate plant placement! Plant placement Consider the mature size of plants and available space There is an exception Panicle Smooth Hydrangea: Hydrangea paniculata arborescens Pinky Annabelle Winky Principles of Pruning Growth habit of woody plants 2018 Growth of woody plants 2017 Lilac: Syringa vulgaris Spring 2019 Directing growth 2016 Principal pruning cuts Growth resumes at shoot tip Not all buds develop Shoot length decreases yearly Twig diameter increases with age 2
3 color change in wood Flowering currant: Ribes sanguineum Current season versus previous season growth Parts of a branch Terminal Bud (auxin) Axillary Bud Node Flower Bud Latent Bud Stachyurus praecox Variegata Growth occurs from buds: vegetative or flower Rhododendron: Rhododendron sp. 3
4 Vegetative buds live (more or less) indefinitely Flower buds/flowers/fruit are for one season only Serviceberry (Saskatoon): Amelanchier alnifolia Boxwood: Buxus Vardar Valley Wintersweet: Chimonanthus praecox Bay Laurel: Laurus nobilis Flowering currant: Ribes sanguineum 4
5 Winter-flowering Honeysuckle: Lonicera x purpusii Chaparral Currant: Ribes malvaceum Sweetbox: Sarcococca hookeriana February Daphne: Daphne odora Spiraea: Spiraea thunbergii Fujino Pink Evergreen Huckleberry: Vaccinium ovatum 5
6 Directing growth: Cutting above a bud Response to pruning removing terminal bud allows lateral development 45 0 angle Good! Too angular Too low Too high topmost remaining bud(s) grows most strongly Alternate-budded plants Opposite alternate opposite Another way to force branching Cutting back branches Cut back always to a part that will continue to grow At least ½ the size of the part being removed Pruning cuts Thinning removal of entire stem or section of stem opens up the plant to admit light reduces overall height and promotes regrowth 6
7 Thinning cut Philadelphus lewisii Heading (selective) Heading cut Cutting back to a bud or shoot Promotes branching, will fill in the plant 7
8 Shearing Non-selective heading: dense growth at branch tips Appropriate for formal hedges Privet: Ligustrum sp. Port Orford Cedar: Chamaecyparis lawsoniana Atlas Blue Cedar: Cedrus atlantica Heading, Thinning and Pinching Thinning Pruning Shrubs When and how to prune a shrub depends on 1. Flowering habit 2. Growth habit Heading Calycanthus x raulstonii Forsythia x intermedia 8
9 Determining time to prune flowering shrubs The flowering habit 1. Blooms on old wood: after flowering 2. Blooms on new wood: early spring The issue is: When does the shrub form the flower buds? Distinguishing between old and new wood Spring blooming shrubs develop buds in fall Tend to bloom early in season Flowering Quince: Chaenomeles sp. Summer/fall blooming shrubs form buds as they grow Tend to bloom later in season Length of bloom period Spring bloomers: 2 weeks? Japanese Spiraea: Spiraea japonica Rhododendron 9
10 Summer bloomers: often more than a month Flower type: terminal or axillary Axillary Hardy Fuchsia: Fuchsia magellanica Fuchsia-flowered gooseberry: Ribes speciosum Terminal flowers Hydrangea paniculata Spiraea thunbergii Fujino Pink New wood versus old wood i.e. Buddleja May-October Long bloom time Terminal flowers = Current season wood Hypericum sp. i.e Chaenomeles November-May Short bloom time Axillary flowers = Previous season wood 10
11 Berberis x lologensis Chinese Abelia: Abelia chinensis Some shrubs cause confusion! Mophead Hydrangea: Hydrangea macrophylla Hydrangea macrophylla Endless Summer Genera with species that flower on both new and old wood Rosa New: Repeat bloomers Old: Once-blooming, species How to prune: depends on growth habit Cane Subshrub: Permanent growers: framework: i.e. Perovskia Philadelphus Rhododendron Hydrangea Spiraea New: H. paniculata, H. arborescens Old: H. macrophylla New: S. japonica, S. Bumalda Old: S. x vanhouttei, S. Arguta 11
12 Cane growers are easy to identify Hydrangea macrophylla Cane growers Cane growers Deutzia Forsythia Hydrangea (Mophead etc.) Kolkwitzia (Beautybush) Philadelphus (Mock orange) Physocarpus (Ninebark) Ribes (Currant/Gooseberry) Sambucus (Elderberry) Spiraea ( Bridal Wreath ) Rosa (Rose: shrub types) Viburnum Weigela Deutzia sp. 12
13 Permanent framework Have a tree-like structure Do not renew themselves from the base Often are evergreen shrubs Pieris japonica Rosmarinus officinalis Arp Permanent Framework Hebe Red Edge Permanent Framework Arctostaphylos (Manzanita) Ceanothus (Wild lilac) Cistus (Rockrose) Daphne Hamamelis (Witchhazel) Hebe Hibiscus (Rose of Sharon) Ilex (Holly) Lavandula (Lavender) Pieris (Andromeda) Rhododendron (and azalea) Rosmarinus (Rosemary) Arctostaphylos catalinae 13
14 Some are deciduous Subshrubs Witch Hazel: Hamamelis Rose of Sharon: Hibiscus syriacus Salvia microphylla Phygelius capensis Have a woody framework Produce flowers on new growth Artemesia sp. Vitex agnus-castus 14
15 Some examples of subshrubs Lavatera spp. Artemisia (Wormwood) Caryopteris (Bluebeard) Epilobium canum (CA Fuchsia) Fuchsia magellanica (etc.) Gaura lindheimeri (Windflower) Heptacodium (7 Sons Plant) Hydrangea paniculata Lavatera (Tree mallow) Salvia (Sage) Perovskia (Russian sage) Penstemon (woody types) Phygelius (Cape Fuchsia) Rosa (repeat-flowering shrubs) Vitex (Chaste tree) Pruning Cane growers Remove: dead damaged crossing twiggy growth Deutzia Pride of Rochester Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Deutzia Pride of Rochester 15
16 Limbing up Fuzzy Deutzia: Deutzia scabra Snowball Bush: Viburnum opulus Over-thinning (and topping) Shearing cane growers Snowball Bush: Viburnum opulus Japanese Barberry: Berberis thunbergii Forsythia: Forsythia x intermedia Effects of topping canes (i.e. heading) Snowball Bush: Viburnum opulus Few flowers! 16
17 February April 17
18 Pruning permanent framework Many of these plants form a dome-shaped canopy Generally assume regular shape Ceanothus Julia Phelps Pieris Valley Valentine Remove dead or damaged growth Lavender Lavandula spp. Rockrose: Cistus x argenteus Silver Pink Removal of errant shoots help shape 1
19 Cubist pruning is common Or the meatball variation Tea tree: Leptospermum sp. Arctostaphylos Lusko s Pink 2
20 Think about flowering time before pruning! Rosemary: Rosmarinus officinalis Escallonia: Escallonia sp. Rhododendron sp. Pruning subshrubs avoid pruning until after risk of severe freeze Salvia desoleana 3
21 Small subshrubs which may be sheared: Remove most shoot growth to base California Fuchsia:Epilobium canum Pineleaf Beardtongue: Penstemon pinifolius August January After Salvia desoleana Larger subshrubs Hypericum sp. Spiraea 4
22 Large subshrubs Seven Butterfly Sons Bush: Flower: Buddleia Heptacodium Pink Delight miconioides Remove dead stems, prune hard in spring Note where cuts made Lavatera: early spring 10 minutes work! Look how much growth is removed! Later Seven Sons Plant: Heptacodium miconioides 5
23 Brickell and Joyce DK Publishing, 2017 ISBN Brown and Kirkham Timber Press, 2004 ISBN
24 Other references: PNW-International Society of Arboriculture Pruning information Publications Lists of Consulting Arborists Sasquatch Books ISBN PlantAmnesty Pruning tips Plant Amnesty Mock Orange: Philadelphus lewisii Russian Sage: Perovskia atriplicifolia Smooth Hydrangea: Hydrangea arborescens Annabelle 7
25 Snowball Bush: Viburnum opulus Wild Lilac: Ceanothus Victoria Fuchsia Elderberry: Sambucus sp. Mount Etna Broom: Genista aetnensis Jerusalem Sage: Phlomis fruticosa 8
26 Bridal Wreath: Spiraea Arguta Anemone Bush Carpenteria californica Privet: Ligustrum sp. 9
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2015 Shrub List (Availability Subject to Change Without Notice)
Andromeda, Blue Ice Azalea, Mandarin Lights Azalea, Northern Hi-Lights Azalea, Northern Lights Azalea, Rosy Lights Barberry, Concorde Barberry, Crimson Pygmy Barberry, Crimson Pygmy Barberry, Emerald Carousel
Liner Orders : $ Please Order in Multiples of: 49 for 6 cm/ 16 for quarts/ 25 for 10 cm
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Sale Latin Name Common Name Description Type Size 2018 Inventory Discount Price. English Roseum Rhododendron Rhododendron Broadleaf
Buxus x 'Green Mountain' C.O.P.F Green Mountain Boxwood Boxwood Evergreen 30cm 3gal 36.99 7 30% $ 25.89 Buxus x 'Green Velvet' C.O.P.F. Green Gem Boxwood Boxwood Evergreen 30cm 3gal 36.99 10 30% $ 25.89
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FOUR CONVENIENT LOCATIONS TO SERVE YOU
Discover the Oakland Value Our 78 th Year! Values that grow! If you haven t been to Oakland Nursery, you simply haven t been to a nursery! Check the yellow starbursts for valued savings! Compare our quality
Sale located at the Brunswick County Government Complex in Bolivia-- behind Building N near hoophouse. Lines form well in advance. Cash or credit.
Spring 2019 Onsite Plant Sale April 4 and 6 from 9AM-Noon (closed April 5) The Brunswick County Extension Master Gardeners are ready for the Spring Plant Sale. We ordered twice the number of plants compared