Disease Identification and Management for Lawn and Sports Turf

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1 Disease Identification and Management for Lawn and Sports Turf Steve McDonald Turfgrass Disease Solutions, LLC August :302:30 Plymouth Township Community Center

2 Turfgrass Disease Solutions, Talk will be up loaded to: Events-pdf file of talk

Pathogen: The Disease Triangle Fungi (Most Turfgrass Diseases) Parasitic Nematodes Bacteria (Bacterial Wilt) Virus (Uncommon) Environment Favorable For Growth of The

3 Pathogen: The Disease Triangle Fungi (Most Turfgrass Diseases) Parasitic Nematodes Bacteria (Bacterial Wilt) Virus (Uncommon) Environment Favorable For Growth of The Pathogen, While Being Unfavorable For Growth of the Turf Susceptible Hosts Not All Turfgrasses Are Susceptible to All Diseases HOST PATHOGEN DISEASE *TIME ENVIRONMENT

4 Diseases of Lawns and Athletic Fields Brown Patch Dollar Spot Fairy Ring Gray Leaf Spot Red Thread/Pink Patch Summer Patch Pythium Blight

5 Diseases of Lawns and Athletic Fields Brown Patch Dollar Spot Fairy Ring Gray Leaf Spot Red Thread/Pink Patch Summer Patch Pythium Blight

6 BROWN PATCH Pathogen: Rhizoctonia solani Hosts: Bentgrass, Perennial Ryegrass, Tall Fescue (Biggest in this region) Conditions: Extended Warm Humid (>90%RH) Weather; Night Temps. >63F ; Long Leaf Wetness Periods or Warm, Rainy Weather From Early Summer To Early Autumn

7 Time of Year: Brown Patch Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Occurs Frequent

8 Control Strategies: Brown Patch Cultural: - removal of dew and guttation water - proper irrigation (AM vs. PM) - NPK reduce severity of symptoms and facilitate faster turf recovery consider a slow release N source Cultivar Selection

9 Top Performer Tall Fescue Cultivars Blackwatch CochiseII Davinci Falcon IV Guardian 21 Justice Titaniumn Ultimate Watchdog Padre Penn 1901 Magellan Rebel Exeda

12 Brown patch severity in perennial ryegrass. NaN0 + P + K 3 NaN0 3 SCU + P + K SCU Percent Disease Severity (Source: Fidanza et al., 1996)

13 CULTURAL CONTROL / BROWN PATCH Avoid Spring or Summer Applications of Water Soluble Nitrogen Use Mostly Slow Release N (>60%) In Autumn Apply N+P+K In 3:1:2 Ratio, Esp. High N Programs AM Irrigation Preferred To PM Speed Surface Drying (Drag, Mow)

14 Brown Patch Control in 3 inch Turf Many Lawn care companies and Superintendents are considering BP control Maybe two or three applications per year feasible Mowing higher, irrigating less, fertility during autumn Three trials over a two year period with three inch height rough turf Comprised of 65-80% turf type tall fescue, remaining amount perennial ryegrass, Poa annua and Kentucky bluegrass

15 How the Studies Were Done Sprayable treatments were applied using a lawn-care applicator gun using large droplets. Granular treatments were applied using a shaker bottle 2.0 gallons of water/1000ft 2 Large plots 8 x 7.5 ft Rated weekly for % diseased and quality

16 Brown Patch Control in Lawn, 08 Treatment x % Plot Area Blighted by R. solani y Rate/1000 ft 2 19 June 19 July 4 August HeadwayMC 1.5 fl oz 0.0 b z 1.3 b 0.0 b Heritage TL 1.0 fl oz 0.0 b 2.5 b 0.0 b HeritageG 4 lbs 0.0 b 0.0 b 1.3 b HeadwayG 4 lbs 0.0 b 0.0 b 0.0 b ArmadaWP 0.6 oz 0.0 b 0.0 b 0.0 b Untreated a 59.3 a 31.3 a Treatment Prob(F) x All treatments were applied on 9 June and 12 July. y Percent of plot area blighted was visually assessed on a 0 to 100 scale, with 0= no blighting and 100=entire plot area blighted. z Means in each column followed by different letters are significantly different (P 0.05) according to the Tukey s least significant difference test.

18 FUNGICIDES FOR BROWN PATCH CONTROL Preventive Applications Are Superior To Curatives Rotate or Tank Mix Fungicides Some Effective Fungicides (many others available) Compass Armada Heritage Fore Insiginia Chipco 26GT Prostar Curalan/Touche Endorse Headway Disarm Eagle, Banner MAXX, Trinity, Trition

19 Gray Leaf Spot In Mid-Atlantic, a disease of perennial ryegrass In southern Climates, can also damage younger tall fescue stands If possible avoid seeding perennial ryegrass Most devastating to younger stands Avoid herbicide and N fertilizer applications under disease pressure

(Bipolaris, Melting Out, Net Blotch) can also occur in early

20 Time of Year: Gray Leaf Spot Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Occurs Frequent * Other leaf spotting diseases (Bipolaris, Melting Out, Net Blotch) can also occur in early spring and in conjunction with GLS. Rarely, are those diseases as damaging

25 Creeping Bentgrass Turf Type Tall Fescue Kentucky Bluegrass Poa annua Was Perennial Ryegrass

26 Gray Leaf Spot Management Avoid applications of herbicides and quick release N sources during pressure GLS-resistant cultivars available Resistance, not immunity Palmer GLS, Repell GLS, Panther GLS, Palmer IV, SR 4600, Harrier, Paragon, Protégé, Uno,, Pianist, MMW, Line Drive GLS, Exacta II GLSR, Apple GL, Dart, many others Annual ryegrass is more susceptible than PRG

27 Summer Patch (Magnaporthe poae) HOSTS KBG, FLF, ABG SYMPTOMS Circular Patches Yellow/Orange Leaves Discolored Stem bases CONDITIONS Hot Weather July and August Wet and/or Compacted Soil

30 Treatment Rate/1000 ft 2 % Plot Area Blighted by Summer Patch 10 July 8 August Program 1 high label 0.7 c 14.0 cd Rotation 2 high label 0.0 c 14.7 cd Headway c 5.7 d Heritage TL c 16.0 cd Disarm c 6.7 d Insignia bc 26.7 bcd Program 1 t/m Griggs Bros Mn Program c 10.3 cd Griggs Bros Mn t/m NH 4 S lb N 18.3 ab 57.7 ab Banner MAXX c 16.7 cd Untreated a 71.7 a *Treatments were applied on 17 April, 7 and 30 May and 19 June Program 1= Banner followed by (fb), Headway fb, Heritage fb, Cleary 3336) Rotation 2=Heritage fb Tartan fb, Disarm fb, Clearys 3336) **Means followed by same letter do not significantly differ (P=.05, Tukey's HSD) *** Percent plot area blighted by summer patch was rated on a percent (%) blighted scale from 0 to 100 where 100= total plot area blighted.

31 Rotational Program1 Headway

32 Untreated Control

33 SUMMER PATCH MANAGEMENT Increase Mowing Height Irrigate Deeply/Infrequently Acidify Soil Sulfur Coated Urea or NH 4 SO 4 Preferred For Lawns Apply 75% N In Autumn N+P+K = 3:1:2 Ratio Avoid Nitrate Forms Of N Alleviate Compaction and Control Thatch Renovate With A Resistant Species (PRG)

34 FUNGICIDES FOR SUMMER PATCH CONTROL Lawns: Mid-June & Mid-July Athletic Fields: Mid-May May +June + July Apply Fungicides in >100 Gal./A

35 The Bottom Line Whenever possible turf type tall fescue Perennial ryegrass- leaf spots-although use of GLSR varieties show a lot of promise Kentucky bluegrass- summer patch- > playability Future of many athletic fields may be warm season grasses due to water, and pesticide needs. Consider a poly-stand of mixed species. (i.e. KBG + PRG) Increase mowing height Increase sunlight and air movement Proper Fertility and soil testing Spring and Autumn Avoid applications of N after June if possible Fungicides only applied if last resort and cost effective

36 Questions and Thanks! Steve McDonald Phone

Important Diseases of Landscape Turf in NJ and their Control. Dr. Bruce B. Clarke Rutgers University

Important Diseases of Landscape Turf in NJ and their Control Dr. Bruce B. Clarke Rutgers University Dollar Spot Pathogen : Sclerotinia homoeocarpa Grasses Affected : Annual Bluegrass, Bentgrass, Bermudagrass,