Willem van Eldik manager soft fruit team

Transcription

1 Willem van Eldik manager soft fruit team International Soft Fruit Conference 11 January 2018

2 2/5 What we have to do? Where come from? What we have to learn? What we did the last 10 years?

3 Blackberry Blackberry open field substrate Open field became substrate pot growing Raspberry open field Raspberry substrate 3/5

4 Blueberry Blueberry open field in pots Bushy plant grown in a pruned model. Rent currant bush Red currant long cane 4/5

5 Shape, size and self live, chain management the issues the coming years. 5/5 Blackberry from 5 8 gr to gram Raspberry from 4-5 gr to 7-9 gram

6 Rasp- Blackberry cultivation in motion So should shape be! Big issue last and coming years? 6/5

7 Challenges protected crops with optimal light collecting => fruits should be bigger no burnt fruit anymore varieties focus on=> taste- size- shelf-life.

8 8/5 Berry fruit from soil to substrate. Diseases, labour and environment. Glass cultivation, many tunnel systems, rain shelters

9 9/5 Important: berries pay attention to: Substrates and water quality Nutrition schedule in balance Labour costs growing system Plant Model => Planning Taste => fruit quality Organic / integrated pest management

10 The basic in a growing is water quality In all growings

11 Use only good water for your plants, use techniques to make in good quality Well water through Osmosis unit

12 Planning Prepare a growing first. Growing system + fertigation system

13 Water/(want)buy a fertigation unit Interest? Seller quick action, => enough knowledge? => 13

14 Working with A and B and C is the acid tank / Make sure the PH is/can be reached, mostly not acid Mix tank Beware, many mistakes are made with this unit!!!!! 14/5

15 Working with A and B, but here in B the acid 15/5 acid Many problems with separate acid tank control PH at the plant Mix tank

16 Work with A and B no acid tank, also possible and often better!!! Better PH!? Acid in B Tank Mix tank Important is the good PH balance with a balanced nutrition plan. Choose the right acid, that is necessary 16/5

17 Must it be complicated, no can also asy with a simple dosatron Important is basic water analysis Good balanced / calculated feeding schedule 17

18 Water/minerals in balance Registration of: Drip ph - Drip EC Run 18/5 off EC - Run off %

19 KNOWLEDGE What comes/is environment attention. Not directly the growing, but also the area and soil

20 KNOWLEDGE How do I take care of the soil / what I ask from the soil.

21 Collecting drain. drain water recirculation Roots/pots free from soil. 21/5

22 Example substrate (coir) analyse Resultaat Extractiemethode 1:1,5 volume met water Ammonium (NH4) < 0,1 mmol/l. Kalium (K) 0,7 mmol/l. Natrium (Na) 0,4 mmol/l. Calcium (Ca) 0,1 mmol/l. Magnesium (Mg) < 0,1 mmol/l. Nitraat (NO3) < 0,1 mmol/l. Chloride (Cl) 0,6 mmol/l. Sulfaat (SO4) 0,1 mmol/l. Bicarbonaat (HCO3) < 0,1 mmol/l. Fosfaat (P) < 0,03 mmol/l. ph 6,9 EC 0,2 ms/cm Silicium (Si) * 0,18 mmol/l. IJzer (Fe) 1,8 μmol/l. Mangaan (Mn) < 0,4 μmol/l. Zink (Zn) < 0,2 μmol/l. Borium (B) 4,7 μmol/l. Koper (Cu) < 0,1 μmol/l. Extractiemethode 1:1,5 volume met Bariumchloride Kalium (K) 1,9 mmol/l. Natrium (Na) 0,9 mmol/l. Calcium (Ca) 7,9 mmol/l. Magnesium (Mg) 0,9 mmol/l. 22/5

23 Substrates possibilities coir peat 23/5 peat-perlite mix

24 Challenge Drain Wasser Wasser reinigen mit UV Re-use of drain water is actual the coming years Closed systems then possible No more drain water in soil Netherlands/Belgium coming years will be the duty.

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26 Soft Fruit Red Current Raspberry Blackberry Blue berry Variety discussion; is every variety usable in substrate? 26/5

27 Raspberry / blackberry attentions Healthy planting material Pure material / mother line Healthy start / Vitale plant from propagation Start on time with stress-free young plant Well cared from storage / no store problems Good storage Do not use sulphur Feed / water schedule in balance Dry (er) growing brings mishaped fruits Pollinating bees / bumblebees To care of blackberry mite 27/5

28 Always fresh plants, which is an advantage in fruit quality and fruit size. Self propagation or by a plant every year. Then it is necessary to get 100% healthy young plant. Which have enough buds to bring a sufficient yield 28

29 Raspberry ca. 10 years now START A HEALTHY CULTIVATION Root growing for making cuttings for propagation Mother Line improve / clean cultivation Starting in December in climate greenhouse Mother line improve/purity Health check Checks with DNA research/healthy START 29/5

30 RASPBERRY Cuttings propagation Starting in December in climate controlled greenhouse.

31 31/5 Correct Start date of young plants Still insufficient knowledge?

32 Fresh plants really long/stretched. Starts with stress and have problems to make number of buds Important, start with a healthy vital young But plant. this Not so 32

33 Primo cane attention points Propagation building in 100% / maximum Flowers Long cane propagation Amira-Regina- Enrosadira-Tulamagic- Paris-Lagorai- Versailles-Kwanza- Kweli-Adelita-Lupita Test planting KICK 3, 4, 5, 6 canes per lineal meter 4, 5 canes per meter have heavier fruits. Fruits 8,5 grams average

34 Crop when you want!! Planning!!?? Crop when you want/wished!! From stored plants, plant time, when you want!!??

35 First flowers and fruits at the propagation field, autumn harvest Overwinter the Long Canes after cut back the flower/fruit buds in cold stores. No weather influences and risks. Experience up till now: In spring a top quality and kilos Ca meter Buds / internodes for spring harvest Primocane Long Cane possible double cropping innovation, many times used or only in one year crop system. 35/5

36 Amira-Regina- Enrosadira- Tulamagic-Paris- Versailles- Kwanza-Kweli- Adelita-Lupita Germany Austria Italy Holland Spain Portugal 36/5 Long Cane, autumn (primo cane) varieties in the propagation

37 Example REGINA Long cane propagation with a crop in autumn of the planting year, after overwintering in stores and comes a spring crop. 37/5 Picked in autumn

38 Long cane primo cane innovation, but also many mistakes Too late planted young plants propagating, brings that there is not a long cane for spring

39 Examples, too late or too early productions, too less kilos, too high (picking) costs. Too early generative, many flowers Crops start in October. Much too late. And too small, not enough buds for a good spring crop

40 A Start on time long can propagation primo cane, in march, under fleece Discussion today still is starting time, sure al the GHD which are lost before the longest are lost, you don't get them anymore. 40/5

41 OR CHANGE, and starting with 3 canes per pot?? From 12000/ha to 9000/ha pots per ha / no 3 pots per meter but 2 41/5 new innovation.

42 too late start propagation. Stress young plants Too early cut back, reaction buds, start growing and shows flowers.

43 Production only from Long Cane after storing

44 to achieve a top production Focus on: Raspberry summer after a minimum of approx 25 Ton till 30 tons per ha., maximum is still not reached, the innovation long cane primo cane? tons Fruits 6 gram is the minimum, have to be 7 gram and can be more. 8 12? Start with young plant always of first basic/controlled mother plant, as Tulameen now in Holland. Autumn raspberry only 2 production in pot/propagation long canes every year. Varieties selection on taste. 44/5

45 to achieve a top production? Focus on: Planning / choosing plants Varieties (choice) Varieties difference? Planning harvest time / Sales Tips date/ Start/planting date long canes 45/5

46 Raspberry cultivation in motion Varieties => autumn-summer (primo-flora cane) Systems Feed schedules 46/5

47 The discussion, which returns every year; crumble raspberry Crumble, mutation; why?? Purity of the starting material Every year mother material; needs double control 47/5

48 Mutation to white/yellow colour Colour white; Why??

49 Too late stored primocane and have dry out buds, not quick enough in winter rest Root developing in propagation, after storing, big influence on the production growing. Process cooling influence, must be 100% good. Also during transport and staying at the farms before planting. Otherwise, it costs (a lot) production and quality 49/5 Diseases riks Phytophtera?? Botrytis?? Pitium?? Fusarium??

50 Storage has a big impact, must be 100% good. If it is not 100%, it has a very negative impact on production. Here in cold store the cane cracks, many buds died. Also Fungi problems develops here

51 Example storage; it can have a big impact, After planting, buds don t start.

52 We need storing. Storing a lot of experience, but still a lot of mistakes and questions?

53 These diseases can be found back when a plant/root is too weak, wet or was in water in the field, because couldn t have good drains. Light till heavy diseases were found, cost (many) kilos!!! 53

54 Sunburn / shading (with nets) cost light; that's kilos, better not with nets; negative for assimilation, and temperature Good light is necessary for a good growing culture Better diffuse / make it diffuse; Redusol For example. 54/5

55 Pollination, brought too late bees bumblebees Good no good pollination Nectar is necessary to take away by honeybees. Otherwise fruits will/can be greasy black

56 Also in blackberry

57 BLACK BERRIES Variety discussion Size of the berries Production level (7 kg spring + 4 kg autumn = 9 kg) Feeding schedule(ec) Water dripping schedule Stress Plant material, how many canes and buts Storage of plant material Substrate Firmness Brix 57/5

58 tissue plant material Start 58/5 of a healthy growing out of the soil Buds long cane

59 Attention for rooted cuttings From which mother plants? tissue culture Cuttings tissue culture, many can, but from which mother lines??? 59/5

60 tissue culture, when, best is started early in the year??????

61 In summer to open air Attention 2017 differently fertilized. Schedule per week

62 Lochness Main variety until now. We take in trial now Astrina in Long Cane growing Lochness free in Starting material is free.

63 A Very important is start on time, in march, if not that has big influence at the long cane development. 63/5

64 propagation Long Cane, max. 5-6 canes, lighter plants, canes

65 2-year propagation, no longer vital, no potential

66 Plant model; Plant material, how many canes and buts 66/5

67 Plant model; Plant material, how many canes and buds First harvest April last in December First plant in January Tunnel growing Mai - November

68 Harvesting of propagated own Long Cane Too many fruits propagation Long Cane Blackberry, at the production farm, too heavy plant 68/5

69 Plant costs approx to 8, canes per pot 5-10 liters Yield 7 kilos / m2 Tunnel/shelters Greenhouse 10 to 12 kilos / m2 6 Kilo per plant 800 fruits is 6 Kilo per plant 1000 fruits is 6 Kilo per plant 1200 fruits is 6 Kilo per plant or lower Blackberry Long Cane growing production with 2 plants / pots per running meter. Became planting distance of 66 cm. Fruits target 9 (10) to 15 gram Sulfer have reduced crop 1 2 Kilo M2 Floramite Vertimec

70 Blackberry mite/ Aceria essigi, Acalitus essigi Biological control try out Amblyseius cucumeris 70/5

71 downy mildew 71/5

72 Start up trial under LED, showed at the fieldday 72

73 73/5 Red currants

74 Junifer in glasshouse 74/5

75 Junifer in glasshouse 75/5

76 Grow under shelters in soil 90 % is doing like this in Holland

77 For example production field Rovada 77/5

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80 Blue berries 80/5

81 81/5 Blueberry; Plant material => quality Testing feeding schedules on KICK Smoother plant material. In vitro against rooted cuttings Pot volume discussion, liters diseases control Flower mapping substrate Production continues to increase, new varieties, collected worldwide increasing production. Through improved quality planting material for a earlier profitable production.

82 Thank you for your attention Soft fruit deserves all attention 82/5