Current Research on Freeze Protection for Strawberry and Blueberry Production
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1 Current Research on Freeze Protection for Strawberry and Blueberry Production Bielinski M. Santos, GCREC Teresa Salame, GCREC Alicia Whidden, Hillsborough Co. Ext. David Moore, GCREC
2 Sink holes are not a joke!! Exterme cold winter in 2010 and Growers facing a problem of public perception.
3 Strawberry Freeze Protection Sprinkler irrigation h. 4-6 freezing or near freezing events/season. 2 to 3 acre-inch/acre/night. Row covers. Protected culture.
4 Freeze Protection Row covers
5 Freeze Protection High tunnels
6 Freeze Protection Objective Determining the effects of diverse freeze protection alternatives on strawberry growth and yield.
7 Freeze Protection Control (4.5 gpm sprinklers). Reduced sprinkler irrigation (3.5 gpm). Heavy covers (0.9 oz/yd 2 ) on canopy. Heavy covers (0.9 oz/yd 2 ) with 2-ft loop hoops. Light covers (0.6 oz/yd 2 ) on canopy. Light covers (0.6 oz/yd 2 ) with 2-ft loop hoops. 16-ft high tunnels.
8 Freeze Protection Early and total yield. Plant number and survival. Temperature. Water volumes. 13 nights 34 o F!!!
9 Freeze Protection Freeze protection Plant number plants/plot Jan 6 Feb 25 Control 190 a 189 a Reduced sprinklers 187 a 187 a Heavy cover w/o hoops 191 a 191 a Heavy cover w/ hoops 188 a 186 a Light cover w/o hoops 191 a 190 a Light cover w/ hoops 188 a 187 a High tunnels 192 a 192 a Significance (P<0.05) NS NS
10 Freeze protection Freeze Protection Min. temp Water use o F acre-inch/acre Control Reduced sprinklers Heavy cover w/o hoops 34 0 Heavy cover w/ hoops 34 0 Light cover w/o hoops 34 0 Light cover w/ hoops 34 0 High tunnels 33 0
11 Freeze Protection Freeze protection Early yield Total yield ton/acre Control 3.2 b 12.1 b Reduced sprinklers 3.2 b 12.2 b Heavy cover w/o hoops 3.7 a 15.2 a Heavy cover w/ hoops 3.7 a 15.3 a Light cover w/o hoops 3.8 a 15.4 a Light cover w/ hoops 3.8 a 15.2 a High tunnels 3.9 a 15.1 a Significance (P<0.05) * *
12 Summary Row covers cost: $ /acre. Row cover labor: $ per freeze. Tunnels: $25 to 35K/acre. Water savings: 2-3 acre-inch/acre per freeze. Sprinklers could be reduced to 3.5 gpm.
13 Freeze Protection: What Do We Know? Low volume sprinklers: Reducing orifice diameter or heads: Relatively low-cost change. Microjets and wobblers: Higher cost and risk when there are high winds. Some growers are already testing these. From 4 gal/min 2 gal/min. Light windy freezes?
14 Freeze Protection: What Do We Know? Row covers: Effective freeze protection. About $1000/acre + hoops + sandbags + labor. Labor: 1 acre/man for 8 h (x 2 for uncovering). Reusable. Thickness (1, 1.5, and 2 lb). Cumbersome and slow for large fields. Food safety concerns (?).
15 Freeze Protection: What Do We Know? High tunnels: No or very little water used for freeze protection. Relatively high capital investment. Commitment to intensive agriculture. 2009: <3 acres : About 300,000 plants.
16 Performance of Blueberry Cultivars under High Tunnels Bielinski M. Santos and Teresa Salamé Gulf Coast Research and Education Center IFAS, University of Florida
17 High tunnels Unheated, plastic covered structures. Passive ventilation (roll-down side walls). Temporary structures. $20-30K/acre.
18 Why Blueberries in High Tunnels? Freeze protection (water savings) High early yields Increased revenues
19 Blueberry Prices Harvest season north Fla.: April 1 to May 15
20 Objective To compare early yield of two blueberry cultivars grown under high tunnels and in open fields.
21 Materials and Methods Experimental Site Commercial Farm, Waldo, Florida & 2011 seasons. Fine sand soil. Pinebark beds. Black row covers.
22 Materials and Methods Production systems: Open fields and high tunnels. Tunnels: ft high. Two blueberry cultivars. Snow Chaser Springhigh
23 Materials and Methods Freeze protection: Open fields (sprinklers: 120 gal/min/acre) High tunnels (nozzles: 60 gal/min/acre) Turn on water at o F.
24 Materials and Methods Ventilation of high tunnels.
25 Temperatures
26 Blueberry Freeze Protection
27 Water Savings Open Fields: 60,000 x 25 days = 1,500,000 gal/acre High Tunnels: 30,000 x 8 days = 240,000 gal/acre
28 Blueberry Yield (ton/ac) Blueberry Yield 2010 OF-SC OF-SH HT-SC HT-SH Harvests from Feb 8 to May 4
29
30 Summary Blueberry production under high tunnels started earlier than open field production. Snow Chaser was earlier than Springhigh. Higher revenues due to high early yields. Identify appropriate areas for tunnels. Water savings.
31 Thanks! Straughn Farms FDACS SWFWMD NASGA
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