Thermal comfort in urban space renewal

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1 POLITECNICO DI MILANO Dipartimento BEST Area Energia e Ambiente Gruppo: Tecnologia e Comfort nell Ambiente Costruito Prof.Gianni Scudo, Arch. Valentina Dessì

2 Introduction Preliminary environmental performance evaluation Authocratic versus partecipated design Design for vitality - User activities - Interviewes - Microclimatic analysis Alternative design performance evaluation Conclusions

3 Recent urban spaces renewal in Italian cities have often bad environmental performances as pointed out by the protest movements against newly renewed squares and streets

3-Piazza Tirana 4-Piazza Anita Garibaldi 5-Piazza S.

4 Environmental performance evaluation in retrofit Competition in Milan Piazza Costantino 2-Piazza Gabrio Rosa 3-Piazza Tirana 4-Piazza Anita Garibaldi 5-Piazza S.Giustina Competition in Milan Piazza Gambara 2-Piazza Ohm 3-Piazza Roserio

5 PRELIMINARY ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION CIRCULATION mesh and balance of circulation pattern (low vehicular, high pedestrian flow); system of pedestrian structures (walkways, subspaces ) to encourage walking and sitting; paving and planting to define pedestrian structures; parking close to square;. public transport stops. ACTIVITIES AND FURNITURES bars and restaurants, shops; children playground; area for music, theatre etc.. with movable structures (chairs,..); events scheduled and notices structures. MICROCLIMATE shading devices to provide summer protection (canopies, trellises, vegetation); correct seasonal use of deciduous and non deciduous vegetation; water to mitigate microclimate; correct use of materials thermal and visual performances; glare from adjacent buildings and/or paving;. wind protection in winter and wind enhancement in summer NICHES existence of subspaces to provide a variety of experiential settings for users; features such as grade change, vegetation, seating arrangements;. subspaces separated from one another without creating sense of isolation. SEDIBILITY availability of sunny and shaded seating locations; benches arrangements and movable chares and tables to accommodate groups; variety of seating orientation to allow different views; secondary seating (steps, seating walls, mound of grass, retaining walls) incorporated into plaza design in quantity similar to that of primary one.. seating materials appropriate to thermal comfort.

6 Results of the performance evaluation CIRCULATION NICHES ACTIVITIES/ STRUCTURES SEDIBILITY MICROCLIMATE OVERALL EVALUATION

7 Gianni Scudo, Valentina Dessì AUTHOCRATIC VERSUS PARTECIPATED DESIGN Environmental vitality in public space is dependent also on design approach: Authocratic design leads to low vitality Partecipated design leads to high vitality

8 Piazza Costa vs Piazza Gramsci Piazza Gramsci is the historic town square which was redesigned in the seventies as a local square and then recently redesigned by the Dominique Perrault winner of an international architectural competition. Piazza Costa is a recent development which has been redesigned through a participated design process which involving a large number of local dwellers. Rendering of the piazza Gramsci project View of the piazza Costa

9 Piazza Costa vs Piazza Gramsci

10 The design process: the analysis 1- ANALYSIS OF THE USES AND ACTIVITIES: Through a field survey uses and activities of the urban space have been characterized, as well as number and typology of users 2- MICROCLIMATIC ANALYSIS : Through measurements of microclimatic parameters variations of air and surfaces temperatures, solar radiation, wind velocity and relative humidity have been evaluated in order to evaluate physiological reaction of users to the environmental stimulus 3- PERCEPTIVE ANALYSIS : Trough a questionnaire it is possible to compare data from measurements (objective) and perception (subjective)

11 Data by the check-list Mean radiant temperatures evaluation PMV-ASV agreement Use/microclimate

12 Analysis of activities PIAZZA GRAMSCI

13 Analysis of the space use: Piazza Gramsci

14 Gianni Scudo - Valentina Dessì The field survey: interview to the users At the moment, do you find it: very cold, cool, neither cool nor warm, Warm, very hot What do you think of the sun at this moment? you d prefer more, OK, too much sun What do you think of the wind at this moment? stale, little wind, OK, windy, too much wind What do you think of the humidity at this moment? damp, OK, dry Are you feeling comfortable? 1)Yes 2)No What is your general feeling towards the sound level in this space? very quiet, quiet, neither quiet nor noisy, noisy, very noisy Environmental questionnaire (from RUROS)

15 Microclimatic analysis : thermal comfort conditions AGREEMENT BETWEEN PMV-ASV IN PIAZZA GRAMSCI

16 Microclimatic niches in Piazza Gramsci

responsive niches and sedibility arrangements.

17 Results of the performance evaluation in piazza Gramsci The overall evaluation of the survey in a ten scale rating (0 to 10) gives interesting information: the best overall rate is based mainly on the contribution of microclimatically responsive niches and sedibility arrangements. The lesson from the survey is the importance to move from a purely visual design approach to multisensorial one which gives a more complex design answer to the basic vitality needs of everyday life.

18 Retrofit alternatives: zone 1 USE PROBLEMS STRATEGIES TECHNICS Walk, bar High radiation and MRT Solar radiation control New shading devices

19 The project: zone 1 mezzogiorno pomeriggio

20 Conclusions The lessons learned in this Milan study are: -the important role of urban niches and traditional environmental control devices which can help to promote vitality and better thermal comfort in urban spaces through microclimatic mitigation. - the positive role of simplified methods to give at an early urban design phase a rough evaluation of MRT which the most critical variable in thermal comfort evaluation mainly in mediterranean climates.

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