58 th Annual Symposium

Transcription

1 58 th IAVS Symposium, Brno th Annual Symposium cz

2 58 th Annual Symposium Edited by Milan Chytrý, David Zelený & Eva Hettenbergerová Masaryk University, Brno, 2015

3 Local Organizing Committee Milan Chytrý Michal Hájek Radim Hédl Tomáš Herben Eva Hettenbergerová Soňa Hroudová Jan Lepš Zdeňka Lososová Jan Roleček Lubomír Tichý David Zelený IAVS Advisory Committee Martin Diekmann (Germany) IAVS President Robert K. Peet (USA) IAVS Vice President and Chair of the Publications Committee Michael Palmer (USA) IAVS Vice President and Chair of the Membership Committee Javier Loidi (Spain) IAVS Vice President and Chair of the Meetings Committee Alicia Acosta (Italy) IAVS Vice President Valério Pillar (Brazil) IAVS Vice President Susan Wiser (New Zealand) IAVS Secretary Stefan Bradham (USA) IAVS Administrator Meelis Pärtel (Estonia) Chair of the Chief Editors of the IAVS Journals Alessandra Fidelis (Brazil) Chair of the IAVS Global Sponsorship Committee Joop H.J. Schaminée (The Netherlands) Chair of the IAVS Awards Committee Kerry Woods (USA) Chair of the IAVS Ethics Committee Ladislav Mucina (Australia) Organizer of the IAVS Annual Symposium 2014 John Du Vall Hay (Brazil) Organizer of the IAVS Annual Symposium 2016 Anne Bonis (France) Organizer of the European Vegetation Survey Meeting 2015 Dedicated to the memory of J. Bastow Wilson ( ) Organized by Vegetation Science Group and Mire Ecology Group Department of Botany and Zoology Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic in cooperation with Ta-Service, Brno, Czech Republic The abstracts were evaluated by Alicia Acosta, Milan Chytrý, Michal Hájek, John Du Vall Hay, Radim Hédl, Tomáš Herben, Jan Lepš, Zdeňka Lososová, Ladislav Mucina, Michael Palmer, Meelis Pärtel, Lubomír Tichý & David Zelený , Masarykova univerzita ISBN

4 Gigante D. Poster D-11 Habitat red-listing: the pattern of spatial occupancy does matter Session: Vegetation science serving nature conservation Daniela Gigante 1, *, Bruno Foggi 2, Roberto Venanzoni 1, Daniele Viciani 2, Edy Fantinato 3 & Gabriella Buffa 3 1 Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy; 2 Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; 3 Centre for Estuarine and Marine Studies, DAIS, University Ca Foscari of Venice, Venice, Italy * Presenting author: daniela.gigante@unipg.it Gillet F. Oral presentation Recent vegetation changes in montane grasslands: a diachronic resampling study Special session: Global change and vegetation dynamics: the use of historical data sets François Gillet 1,2, *, Leslie Mauchamp 1, Arnaud Mouly 1 & Pierre-Marie Badot 1 1 UMR 6249 Chrono-environnement, University of Franche-Comté CNRS, Besançon, France; 2 Ecological Systems Laboratory, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Ecublens, Switzerland * Presenting author: francois.gillet@univ-fcomte.fr In terrestrial systems, the plant community concept has acquired a central role in land planning as a key approach for biodiversity conservation above the species level. In this frame, Red Lists of habitats and plant communities are increasingly arising interest at the global level and also in Europe (see, e.g., Rodwell et al. 2013). Starting with the analysis of recently proposed protocols for the red-listing of habitats and ecosystems, we discuss and test some emergent properties of species assemblages, providing cues for reflection. Each habitat and vegetation type owns intrinsic, ecologically based, spatial features, which affect its spatial distribution in natural conditions. We hypothesize that the cogent relationship between vegetation and environmental heterogeneity accounts for an intrinsic property of any plant community, i.e. its pattern of spatial occupancy (pso), which might have a role in red-listing when applying quantitative criteria above all those based on the Area of Occurrence (AOO). We discuss a model where the possible types of pso are referred to three basic types: areal, linear and point. Some case studies are then discussed using, as assessment units, the Annex I habitats as defined by the European Habitat Directive 92/43/EEC, whose description stems from plant communities and which are usually identified, and even mapped, based on phytosociological syntaxa. Data reported by the Italian Ministry of the Environment and Protection of Land and Sea (2013) for Article 17, freely downloadable at are here used to show how shape and size are intrinsic properties of habitats and plant communities, and how they might affect the results of red-listing assessment protocols. Our approach is proposed as a tool to discriminate among different broad categories of habitat types and optimize their assessment in red-listing processes, demonstrating by simple observations that habitats with linear and point distribution are more susceptible to bias in the evaluation of their threat status, compared to those with an areal pso. A habitat-tailored approach, e.g. adopting different gridcell sizes and thresholds for the three main pso s proposed here, might certainly reduce this risk for the assessments based on AOO. References Rodwell, J., Janssen, J., Gubbay, S. & Schaminée, J., Red List Assessment of European Habitat Types A feasibility study. SC No /2012/624047/SER/B3, Report for the EC, DG Environment, Brussels. Recent studies highlighted a reduction of plant species richness in European permanent grasslands during the last decades. Species-poorer contemporary communities are more dominated by mowing-tolerant grass species with high nutrient requirements. As an explanation to this change, an increase of nutrient supply due to agricultural practices and atmospheric depositions is commonly mentioned. In this resampling study, we investigate the recent changes in grassland vegetation of the French Jura Mountains, a region with a long tradition of pastoralism. We compared the floristic composition of 150 grasslands recorded between 1990 and 2000 with new relevés made in 2012 on the same sites. We considered alpha taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity as well as ecological characteristics of the plant communities derived from Landolt ecological indicator values and Grime s CSR strategies. A principal component analysis of the whole dataset revealed a significant general trend linked to the sampling year. Wilcoxon paired tests showed that contemporary communities are more dominated by grass species, present a higher tolerance to defoliation, a higher pastoral value and are more adapted to higher nutrient availability. Comparisons revealed a decrease of phylogenetic and functional diversity. However, we did not record any significant decrease of taxonomic diversity, but even a slight increase of local species richness. The intensity of changes in species composition, measured by Hellinger distances between pairs of relevés, was neither dependent on the time lag between the two surveys, the author of the first relevé nor its location or altitude. Nevertheless, the most important changes were observed in grasslands that previously presented low pastoral value, low grass cover, low tolerance to defoliation and high proportion of stress-tolerant species. This trend is likely linked to the intensification of grassland management reported in the region. A previous diachronic study based on the comparison of historical and recent phytosociological maps within the same region has shown that important changes happened since the 1950s, including a strong regression of mesotrophilous grasslands to the benefit of species-poor eutrophilous pastures and hayfields. Consequences for habitat conservation and ecosystem services in mountain areas are discussed, as well as methodological challenges of such resampling or remapping studies th IAVS Symposium, Brno, Czech Republic, July th IAVS Symposium, Brno, Czech Republic, July

5 58 th IAVS Symposium, Brno th Annual Symposium cz