Earthquakes and Megacities Initiative

Transcription

1 Earthquakes and Megacities Initiative Observations on Banda Aceh Reconstruction Process Second Public Symposium on Post-Disaster Recovery Kobe, Japan Fouad Bendimerad, Ph.D., P.E. Chairman of the Board December 26, 2004 A not-for-profit international scientific organization dedicated to the reduction of disaster risk to the world s megacities Kobe - IRP Symposium 1

2 Limitations The following observations were developed from discussions with various national and international agencies in charge of the recovery and reconstruction process both in Jakarta and in Banda Aceh, as well as field observations during a site visit in September Kobe - IRP Symposium 2

3 The Challenges of Reconstruction Large number of casualties: 131,000 dead in Aceh alone (more than 1/3 rd of Banda Aceh population perished) 37,000 missing 550,000 people misplaced A 3-km 3 strip of the city completely wiped-out plus another 2km flooded. Region is isolated and far from capital city of Jakarta 30+ years of conflict and 40+ years of mistrust between the people of Aceh province and the central government Kobe - IRP Symposium 3

4 E City of Banda Aceh: Affected Region Kobe - IRP Symposium 4

5 Reconstruction Organization BRR establish on April 16,2005 with a four year mandate Mission To restore livelihoods and strengthen communities in Aceh and Nias by designing and implementing a coordinated, community driven reconstruction and development program with the highest professional standards. Kobe - IRP Symposium 5

6 The Blue Print for reconstruction Was developed by Bappenas (Nat. Planning Board) in Jakarta.. A 12-vol scholastic document supposed to serve as a Master Plan for reconstruction. Kobe - IRP Symposium 6

7 Reconstruction Funding and Status (Sept 18, 2005) Total value of approved projects = $2.085 billion Kobe - IRP Symposium 7

8 Engineering Issues Lhoknga Mosque Meuraxa Area City Center The soil has low bearing capacity and is saturated Structures needs to be designed with appropriate foundations Heavy Structures (e.g., artificial hill suggested for refuge) will represent a special stability challenge Low-lying areas are below water table Gravity cannot be used for drainage and wastewater May need Airport buried pump stations Pipes and underground structures needs to be stabilized. Kobe - IRP Symposium 8

9 Engineering Issues Massive concrete building collapsed due to shaking The collapse of this concrete building from strong shaking prevented the debris flow from slowing The need to design buildings and structures properly in order to avoid the same mistake in the future Kobe - IRP Symposium 9

10 Lhoknga Mosque Shelter Design Several tsunami shelters need to be designed and build Design of mosques could serve as an example to shelter design They can serve both a social function and a emergency function Other potential candidates such as 2-story 2 high-occupancy halls with open first floor (for markets or pumping stations, etc.) Kobe - IRP Symposium 10

11 Engineering Issues We saw no indication that soil information was being considering in the reconstruction planning and design There was a poor understanding of engineering issues among officials of national agencies, donor agencies and international agencies There was no major reconstruction of drainage, sanitation, water, wastewater, other underground structures and surface road structures. Urban plans suffered from the lack of engineering input Potentially erroneous solutions (e.g. artificial hills for shelters) were proposed because of lack of competent engineering input. Kobe - IRP Symposium 11

12 Other Comments Actual reality in the field coupled with the pressure to provide housing have over-ruled ruled the government plans for reconstruction Most of the reconstruction is done by NGO s, donors and UN Agencies Local technical resources (Shyah( Kuala University) were not effectively used *************** Pro-active preparation of soil and planning information (e.g., Microzonation) for high risk areas would speed up the reconstruction process and ensure safer futures Kobe - IRP Symposium 12

13 Example of housing reconstruction The permanently temporary condition! Kobe - IRP Symposium 13

14 Kobe University Contribution Provide scholarship for graduate students from Banda Aceh to rebuild the human resource capacity of Shyah Kuala University Develop LiDAR (three-dimensional high resolution) topographic data and soil profiles of the Meuraxa District as a demonstration project (i.e. above ground and below ground data) Proposed to BRR (and UNDP) a formal arrangement between BRR-UNShyah and ITB for transferring knowledge and technology to local experts Unfortunately, to date such arrangement has still not seen the light. *************************** Symposium on Sumatra Tsunami Reconstruction on March at Kobe University (see Prof. Tanaka) Kobe - IRP Symposium 14

15 Thank You Kobe - IRP Symposium 15