Population No. households Average number of people per household. Life expectancy. Liquid petroleum/gas 3.1%

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3 People and Households Size of city Population density in 976 people per km 2 Of all nine cities, Msunduzi has the highest average number of people per household and the highest percentage of traditional dwellings. 634 km 2 Growth Population No. households Average number of people per household Informal Formal Traditional Dwelling types 0% 25% 50% 75% 100% Go to StepSA.org to see maps on how population density changes across the city Social Fabric Msunduzi has the highest levels of poverty of all the cities. Human development index (HDI) Life expectancy Literacy SUSTAINABILITY Heavy furnace oil 1.5% Liquid petroleum/gas 3.1% Sources of fuel Jet fuel & avgas 0.1% Paraffin 1.1% Diesel 27% Electricity 42.9% Petrol 24.4% Matric level 20.9% HDI is a composite of life expectancy, literacy and gross value added (GVA) Highest education level Gini coefficient (inequality measure) 2013 Higher education 7.2% Levels of poverty very high inequality Number of people living below the poverty line % 86% GVA R31.9 billions Urban safety is important for a city s social fabric; go to SCODA to access urban safety data for Msunduzi. 34% of total population GJ (millions) per year Energy consumption Change in energy intensity 2007 Emissions: top three sectors in % 97.8% 21% Residential 23.9% Transport 52.9% Commercial 0% Commercial values would be far higher if coal were included. Non revenue water Msunduzi energy data excludes coal, which may have a substantial impact because coal represented as much as 50% of total energy in Residential Commercial -425 Industrial -207 Transport 60 Government No data available Agriculture Units of energy in GJ Energy intensity: measures the amount of energy used to produce goods and services 54.9% 63% Non revenue water is water that is lost before it reaches the customer, either physically (leaks) or apparently (e.g. theft, not billed) Non-revenue water levels are the highest of all the cities, which is very concerning. Msunduzi State of Cities Report 2016 Dashboard Indicators

4 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% CITY FINANCE economy Municipal revenue sources Affordability of municipal bills for type A households (municipal bill as % of benchmark income) 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% R-billions % 9.1% 6.7% 10.1% 80.1% 9.7% 2008/ / % 22.8% Affordability Own revenue Equitable share Grants Type A is a household that lives in a property with an assessed value of R , consumes 400 kwh of electricity and 20 kl of water per month, and has a 240 litre bin removed weekly. Its monthly income is R Average household income Average household income has increased in Msunduzi, but municipal bills for Type A households are the least affordable of all nine cities. R Gross value added (GVA) R R National household income Rands Cost of living (based on a bundle of goods) R78.60 R92.20 R Service Delivery INFRASTRUCTURE ICT infrastructure Percentage of population with connections 21.8% Fixed-landline telephone 89.3% Mobile telephone % of households have access to piped water inside dwelling/yard % % 38.2% Internet connections % of households have refuse removed by municipality (weekly or less frequently) % Repairs and maintenance % of operating expenditure 4.0% 2009 Mode of transport to work In Msunduzi, 8 out of 10 people use a taxi or a private vehicle to move around the city. 4.5% 2014 National Treasury recommends 8 10% of operating expenditure No data available for % of households have access to sanitation services* * includes access to flush toilets, VIPs and pit toilets Msunduzi s low access to refuse services reflects the city s high levels of informal and traditional housing. 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Train Bus TAXI Taxi Car Walk Other transport modes are not included in the graph Unemployment rate Average unemployment rate 48.2% 33% 2001 Provincial average unemployment rate 33% The economy is growing, but unemployment is extremely high and the cost of living has increased significantly. Citizen Engagement 48% Voter registration/turnout Local election National election 62% 74% Between 2006 and, Msunduzi had the highest increase in voter turnout at local elections of all the cities.

5 Pietermaritzburg Urban Renewal Programme Introduction Culture, which includes heritage, is increasingly recognised as being a significant factor in the sustainable development of cities. Many cities have used their heritage resources as a catalyst for regenerating and revitalising decaying areas, particularly in the inner city. Msunduzi, housing the capital of KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), Pietermaritzburg, is of historic, political and economic significance to the region. On 11 April 2013, the Pietermaritzburg Urban Renewal Programme (PURP) was launched as part of the city s 175th birthday celebrations. It is a Mayoral project that seeks to lay a foundation for the municipality s future development, making it attractive to use by its citizens, tourists and investors (MM, 2013a). The PURP was initiated following negative publicity related to service delivery challenges in the area, such as poor waste management, non-working street lights, poor roads and a lack of city beautification. Specific attention is on ensuring that the inner city areas are clean and safe, with public lighting at night, and well maintained (ibid). City Hall Source: The programme is being implemented in phases, starting with the city centre. The objectives of PURP include creating an attractive and conducive environment, upgrading infrastructure, improving safety and energy efficiency, creating jobs, transforming the face and image of the city and enhancing the rates revenue. In 2013/14, a budget of R6-million was allocated to the PURP, increasing to R8-million in 2014/15 (MM, 2014). In addition, the KZN Department of Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs (COGTA) is a strategic partner and has provided funding of R14.5-million. Overview of key flagship programme Pietermaritzburg s central business district (CBD) is located close to the N3 corridor and has a rich, historical character. It is associated with names such as Gandhi, Harry Gwala, Peter Kerchoff and Jabu Ndlovu in the decades-long efforts to bring the apartheid government to its knees. However, despite these associations and 362 State of South African Cities Report 2016

6 important tourist sites, there have not been an equal number of visitors and related investment (Royal Haskoning DHV, 2013). The CBD has a complex mix of land uses and is home to (ibid): The parliamentary complex for the KZN Provincial Government and most of the offices of the KZN Provincial Government departments. Various noteworthy formal retail hubs, such as along Church Street and sections of Chief Albert Luthuli (formerly Commercial) and Victoria Roads, and at the Liberty Mall retail node. Significant informal trade in the lower and upper sections of Church Street and around Retief Street. Freedom Square Park (previously known as Market Square), which is at the heart of the area and of great historical significance (Ndaba and Landman, 2014). A medical services precinct. A cluster of legal businesses. Medium density housing clusters. A range of educational establishments, from crèches to primary and high schools, colleges and a university campus. Some light industrial stock and a diversified automotive sales and services sector. The municipal Spatial Development Framework (SDF) prioritises the recycling/upgrading and reinventing of the CBD and encouraging investment into the area (MM, 2015). A limit line has been developed to consolidate the CBD, although the planning boundary currently extends beyond this limit and is therefore now viewed as the future growth boundary. The PURP forms part of the SDF and has a specific local area plan covering the central area of Pietermaritzburg. In addition to the PURP, the municipality s other initiatives include a new public transport system and improvement of the public environment, all of which are intended to increase investment in and economic development of the city. City of Msunduzi Source: F. Kitchin Msunduzi: Pietermaritzburg Urban Renewal Programme 363

7 Ongoing maintenance and cleanliness Source: F. Kitchin The PURP is based in the office of the Municipal Manager and coordinates a number of activities performed by different departments within the municipality. During the planning stage, the project was divided into 14 zones and then further divided for construction. Urban design guidelines were prepared and a palette of street typologies was developed (MM, 2013b). Two areas were identified for making a grand statement or a symbolic treatment : at the entrance of Alan Paton Road, within the island carriageway, and directly in front of the City Hall building. An important component is public art, specifically in the area around the city hall, and included a proposed sculpture that would explore the elements of movement, strength, a caring society, justice and freedom. PURP project Outdoor advertising management Energy efficient street lighting Informal trade management City beautification Street parking management Environmental management Road traffic signage and signals Progress Now properly regulated and has resulted in increased revenue for the municipality. The first phase of solar street lights has been completed and replacement of faulty fittings has been done through the street lighting implementation programme. The launch of the Informal Trade Chamber. The main precinct (Albert Luthuli, Church and Langalibalele Streets) has been paved with red paving stones to match the red brick of the surrounding buildings and landscaped with trees and flowers, street furniture and special public art features. A regulated parking management system has been put in place, and 40 additional traffic wardens have been employed. 150 Expanded Public Works Programme workers have been employed to improve waste management, and pedestrian walkways have been upgraded. A pothole replacement programme is underway, which includes regular road marking 364 State of South African Cities Report 2016

8 In addition, the PURP includes the rehabilitation of existing roads infrastructure, enforcement of municipal by-law, transportation planning, urban planning and management, and safety and security Msunduzi has made use of its cultural and heritage resources to support inner city revitalisation, through (for example) extending the library, building the tourism hub and taxi rank, and integrating these with museums and public spaces in the central parts of the city. Reflections The regeneration of historic cities such as Msunduzi provides an opportunity for upgrading the built environment, improving access to basic services for the urban poor, preserving key cultural heritage assets, implementing labour-intensive public works programmes, supporting social development and enhancing the institutional framework. The PURP has achieved stunning aesthetics and dramatically enhanced the streetscape around the majestic City Hall and surrounding historical buildings, increasing property value and rendering the CBD a more pleasant place to visit (Mothilal and Bradley, 2014). The PURP has created additional revenue for the municipality from metered parking and advertising on billboards, and traffic management has improved. Yet there is a surprising lack of branding and visibility of the PURP in the area. Improved branding and more effective communication of any partnerships with the private sector associated with the PURP may help to generate momentum among more residents and users of the central city. The PURP in Msunduzi has required balancing the need for public access to public space against the need for safety and security in order to provide public open spaces that are socially inclusive, economically viable and economically sustainable (Ndaba and Landman, 2014). The spaces with limited access in central Pietermaritzburg e.g. the library, the park and the taxi rank are the most pleasant and receive positive feedback from users and managers, while spaces with free access at all times have become derelict, vandalised and (in some cases) have had to close, e.g. Carbineers Memorial Garden. An important consideration is, therefore, to what extent public space should be regulated and controlled, and how this either facilitates or restricts public access (ibid). Looking forward The urban renewal programme is intended to lay the foundation for the municipality s future development. Following the implementation of the PURP in the CBD, the municipality intends rolling out the programme to outlying areas. The local area plan includes enhancing the capacity and responsiveness of local government to manage the urban environment, of which one aspect is the extension of city beautification projects such as the PURP. City of Msunduzi References MM (Msunduzi Municipality) /13 Annual Report. Msunduzi: MM. MM /15 Integrated Development Plan. Msunduzi: MM. MM. 2013b. Msunduzi CBD Urban Renewal Project: Business Plan MM Review of the Spatial Development Framework. Msunduzi: MM. Mothilal A and Bradley C Pietermaritzburg urban renewal project. Civil Engineering, Vol. 22(9): Ndaba N and Landman K Revitalising the public open spaces in the CDB of Pietermaritzburg to Immortalize a Great Place. Paper presented at the Planning Africa conference, Royal Haskoning DHV Technical Note Economic Context: Central Area and CBD Extension Node Local Area Plan. Msunduzi: Pietermaritzburg Urban Renewal Programme 365