DESIGN AND PLANNING DESIGN AND PLANNING - M.ARCH. (E.D.) STUDY OF SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE and OPEN SPACES

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1 DESIGN AND PLANNING M.ARCH. (E.D.) MASAB - 2 nd TANK Semester AREA JAWAHARLAL NEHRU ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS UNIVERSITY

2 PROJECT GUIDELINE:- IN MASAB TANK KEY CHALLENGES :- 1) IDENTIFICATION AND REORGANIZATION OF SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE HOT SPOTS. Ambedkar Nagar Chinthal Basti 2) IDENTIFY AND DEVELOP THE IMAGE OF THE AREA THROUGH VARIOUS MEANS PERTAINING TO SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE AND OPEN SPACES. TEMPLES JNAFAU SCHOOLS Shanthinagar Colony HOSPITALS Informal Settlement GRAVEYARDS HEALTHCARE OPEN SPACES 1

3 THEORETICAL PREMISES FOR STUDY SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE and ITS COMPONENTS Social infrastructure refers to the community facilities, services and networks that help individuals, families, groups and communities to meet their social needs, maximize their potential for development and enhance community wellbeing. HYDERABAD DRAFT METROPOLITAN PLAN 2031 FOR HYDERABAD METROPOLITAN REGION, IN SECTION 4.2, CLEARLY STATES THAT SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE DEALS WITH AMENITIES LIKE EDUCATION, HEALTH, AND COMMUNICATION SERVICES, FINANCIAL SERVICES ETC. UDPFI GUIDELINES ARE CONSIDERED AS THE BASIS FOR THESE. HEALTH FACILITIES SOCIO- CULTURAL FACILITIES FACILITIES POLICE EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES DISTRIBUTION SERVICES FIRE OPEN SPACES & WATER BODIES ( NOT INCLUDED IN UDPFI GUIDELINES BUT INCLUDED IN SCOPE OF STUDY ) IMAGE OF THE CITY URBAN SPACE IS NOT JUST COMPOSED OF ITS PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS BUT EQUALLY BY REPRESENTATIONS IN MENTAL IMAGES. People recognize and adopt the city they live in by perception. Perception causes and shapes image with the way people keep attractive or important elements in their minds. Image depends on perception, so it differs from person to person. The city image of people living in a city is composed by generalization and a set of image elements. So here, these image elements have a specific importance. The cities percepted visually are known and remembered by the impressions of image elements over people. 2

4 MASAB TANK-HISTORICAL PREMISE Masab Tank, is a distorted version of Maa-Sahaba Talab. Maa-Saheba was a title endowed on Hayat Bakshi Begum, wife of Qutub Shahi VI. The Talab was built by Khanum Agha, Qutub Shah V s mother, but it become famous after his wife as Talab-e-Maa-Saheba. The upgraded Maa Sahaba Talab got anglicized to Masab Tank. The Modern Masab Tank is a major suburb in Hyderabad, India Name of the Area :- Masab Tank Area of Study : sq.km. Study Boundary:- 5.04km Prominent Localities:- Ambedkar Nagar Chinthal Basti Shanthinagar Colony FIRST IMPRESSION OF THE STUDY AREA :- STUDY AREA DIAGNOSTICS Bound by :- North Road- Street No.7, Chinthal Basti West Road-Road No. 1, Banjara Hills and Rai Janakiprasad Road South Road- Rai Janakiprasad Road East Road- AC Guards / SBI Street and Khairatabad Road. It is an area in transition, where building densities have increased due to an increasing influx of people.the traditional neighborhoods still retain their original character, but are more dense now. The observation area is a study in contrasts, wherein very low income housing groups co-exist with properly planned residential neighborhoods, where badly used and maintained streets co-exist with barely used and extremely well maintained streets, where streets show a mix of all activities including commercial, residential, social, and where people are of various castes and communities, making it an extremely vibrant study zone. The number of houses in any given neighborhood in the zone has doubled with the simultaneous increase in the density of building structures. The parks and the street system as planned by the Housing Board are still existent, only the traffic increased. Most of the streets are mixed-use roads. Commercial infrastructure was rarely planned and has spread in an uncontrolled manner which has effected some residential uses. 3

5 DOCUMENTATION AND COMPARISION OF BASIC SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE IN STUDY AREA- HEALTHCARE FACILITIES Population: 16000no. The main area of study is 1.09 sq.km Households: 3650 no. Total length of the boundary is 5.04 km 4

6 DOCUMENTATION AND COMPARISION OF BASIC SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE IN STUDY AREA-EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES 5

7 DOCUMENTATION AND COMPARISION OF- BASIC SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE IN STUDY AREA- SOCIO-CULTURAL FACILITIES, DISTRIBUTION SERVICES, AND MISCELLANEOUS SERVICES 6

8 ANALYSIS OF DEVELOPMENT OF GREEN SPACES FROM NORTH BOUND- CHINTHAL BASTI AND SURROUNDINGS 2003 The analysis of green spaces in the study area reveals that even though the density of buildings has increased substantially in the last 8 years, green areas have remained the same. An exception is seen in the Khairatabad junction, where the green cover has reduced to accommodate the Khairatbad Ganesha Procession SOUTH BOUND- SHANTHI NAGAR AND SURROUNDINGS 2003 Shanthinagar is a planned residential colony with properly designed community parks and green belts. In this area also, the development of greens has not been affected by the vertical expansion of the housing colony. Rather, the early planted trees have matured and seem to give a denser covering and shade to the area today EXTREME SOUTH- BELOW SHANTHINAGAR 2003 The area, which is occupied by the informal unorganized sector and guilds shows a slight reduction in the green cover, even though the trees have matured and look more dense as the density of buildings has increased. However, there are enough open spaces and vacant lots which have the potential to be developed as the lung spaces of the area

9 IMAGE OF THE CITY EVOLVES FROM THE SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE Social infrastructure has the capacity to either expand or shrink wealth and cultural divisions within cities. Physical infrastructure may lay the foundations to create a successful city, but it is social infrastructure which produces vibrant communities where people want to live and work. The kind of living environment a person dwells in has the capacity to totally remodel what it means for them to live in that city. We thus establish that a city should be shaped by more than just its physical forms, but also by the needs of people and their connectivity to places in which they live, work and use for recreation. LACK OF URBAN DESIGN GUIDELINES IN INDIAN CITIES URBAN DESIGNED CITIES = BEAUTIFUL CITIES Worldwide, the master planning process for any city includes the formulation of design guidelines that look at what the existing architecture is and how to integrate new development into that existing building framework and make sure it s compatible and the buildings are sensitive to each other. WHY NOT IN INDIA? MUMBAI THEN AND NOW JAIPUR THEN AND NOW CHANDIGARH:- It is one of the most significant urban planning experiments by Le Corbusier in the 20th century. The significant point of observation is that it is not only the city that has been designed, it is each and every element in the city, from the plan to the roads to the markets to even the manhole covers that co-relate with the design to create the overall image of the city. BHUBHANESHWAR:- Modern Bhubaneswar is a well planned city with wide roads and many green spaces. The plan was made by Otto H. Koenigsberger, a German town planner. Most parts of the city have stayed faithful to the original plan. Sense of attachment to the immediate surroundings is essential in order to ensure the neighbourhood is maintained well. We have to find a way to do it. History has COUNTLESS examples in its fold. AHMEDABAD JAISALMER DELHI AMRITSAR JODHPUR 8

10 THE CASE OF HYDERABAD Hyderabad is a city that gets under your skin. The old and the new are just randomly thrown together in the city, and very often people are in such a hurry to go on to their next ill-conceived building monstrosity that they leave the newly finished one just lying on the skyline, steel rods poking out like stiff umbilical cords that haven't been properly tied. : Satish Gujral, eminent author and Indian Historian THE IMAGE OF HYDERABAD OR TO AN AVERAGE INDIAN, HYDERABAD MEANS EITHER CHAR MINAR OR HI- TECH CITY.WHY DOES THE IMAGE ONLY HAVE TO BE ABOUT MONUMENTS AND NOT THE REAL ELEMENTS THAT MAKE UP THE CITY LIKE STREETS, JUNCTIONS, ETC.? A STREETSCAPE THAT RESPONDS TO HUMAN SCALE AND TO THE CLIMATE WOULD MAKE THE CITIZEN FEEL SENSE OF BELONGING. HYDERABAD THEN AND NOW It is important to not only preserve the heritage of Hyderabad, but to make sure it helps in the evolution of the character of the city. Basic elements that make up a city, like floor drains, parapet walls, landscape pockets, and of course the color palette, ranging from cream to dull gold and ochre all come together to create the Image of the city. DETAILS OF THIS KIND ARE WHAT GET RECOGNIZED BY THE SUBCONSCIOUS MIND. A few examples shown below re-iterate the fact in moving towards a vehicle friendly city, the once pedestrian city of Hyderabad has lost its character. In Masab Tank also, there are no streets creating an image in citizen minds. Mismatched street functions, lack of pedestrian footpaths, poor conditions of vehicular roads, lack of trees, and lack of any distinctive city element in the street that makes people perceive the city are some of the reasons for the lack of street character. WE HAVE TO COME UP WITH ELEMENTS THAT RENDER THE PLACE THE STABILITY TO PASS THE TEST OF TIME IN AN AGE WHERE EVERYTHING IS TRANSIENT. 9

11 SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE IN THE NEWS SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE ELEMENTS LIKE TEMPLES, OTHER RELIGIOUS BUILDINGS, ETC. NEED PLANNING AROUND THEM. THEY CAN BE INCORPORTATED IN NEW CITY DESIGNS WHILST KEEPING HELPING TO MAINTAIN THE HISTORIC VALUE OF THE CITY AND ALSO MAINTAIN THE CONNECT BETWEEN THE INDIVIDUAL AND THE CULTURE. NOT JUST A NEWS ITEM, BUT REALITY. SCHOOLS LIKE AT.ANNS, SPRINGFRIELDS, AND GENESIS IN OUR STUDY AREA AT MASAB TANK ARE PROOF OF THE FACT THAT CHILDREN IN SCHOOLS IN HIGH DENSITY TRAFFIC AREAS ARE MORE PRONE TO ASTHMA. TRANSFORMERS, A NECESSARY EVIL OF URBAN CITYSCAPES, ARE AN ABSOLUTE EYESORE, WITH THEIR BASES BEING USED AS CONVENIENT OPEN TRASH DISPOAL AREAS. NOT ONLY IS THIS EXTREMELY HAZARDOUS, BUT A MENACE TO LOOK AT. THIS IS THE AREA WHERE DESIGN CAN INTERVENE TO INDUCE CHANGE IN PEOPLE S BEHAVIOR. TRAFFIC CLOGGED STREETS IS THIS THE IMAGE OF THE CITY THAT WE WANT TO CREATE? THERE IS MONEY TO SPEND, CAN WE ENSURE THAT IT IS SPENT IN THE RIGHT WAY? A TRUTH WHOSE POTENTIAL IS YET TO BE RECOGNIZED. 10

12 World over, cities which have faced problems similar to the urban set up of Hyderabad have made successful attempts to aim at more people friendly, walkable and biking cities rather than just designed the streets to carry vehicles from one place to the other. THE WAY FORWARD FOR THIS APPROACH IS TO CREATE MORE INTERESTING AND PROPORTIONATE STREETS, WHICH PEOPLE IDENTIFY WITH, AND WHICH HAVE AN INHERENT CHARACTER SUCH THAT A SENSE OF BELONGING IS CREATED IN THE MINDS OF THE USERS, WHICH HELPS IN BUILDING UP THE CITY IMAGE. BIKEABLE CITIES Urban areas that are pedestrian and cyclist friendly are happier, healthier, safer, cleaner places to live. The objective is to increase cycling by creating a safe environment for cyclists, which will also contribute to an improved urban life, and a liveable urban environment. COPENHAGEN WALKABLE CITIES SOME THOUGHTS PRE-MEDITATING THE DESIGN PROCESS MUNICH Abundant green space, culturally interesting neighbourhoods, parks, monuments, etc. add to the walking pleasure of such cities which are thriving, liveable, sustainable places that give their residents safe transportation choices and improved quality of life. KIRAN BIR SETHI AHMEDABAD Her Street Smart initiative encourages people to use the streets, where main streets of Ahmedabad city close down (one day in a month) for traffic and welcome children and the community to feel free and safe, the idea behind it being, If streets are made safe and interesting enough, everybody would WANT to use them. FRAMEBOXX MILLION STROKES FOR SOCIAL AWARENESS VIZAG The Frameboxx Animation and Visual Effects launched the 50 feet by 25 feet painting of Gandhiji on 10 th August 2011 inviting people to add a stroke or two to the painting. This event was hugely successful in bringing people from all walks to life and all social strata, together for a single cause., to spread social awareness. SOCIAL AWARENESS- STARTS AT HOME WASHINGTON D.C. TAIPEI, TAIWAN 11

13 HUDA- HERITAGE REGULATION, 25 TH JUNE 2005 SECTION Maintaining Skyline And Architectural Harmony This regulation deals with conservation of buildings, artifacts, structures, areas and precincts of historic and/or aesthetic and/or architectural and/or cultural significance and/or environmental significance (heritage buildings and heritage precincts) and/or natural features of environmental significance and or sites of scenic beauty. Buildings within heritage precincts or in the vicinity of heritage buildings/listed natural features shall maintain the skyline and follow the architectural style (without any high-rise or multi-storied development) as may be existing in the surrounding area, so as not to diminish or destroy the value and beauty of or the view from the said heritage building/heritage precincts or of the natural features. CAN THIS EXTREMELY IMPORTANT LEGISLATION BE USED IN OTHER AREAS AS WELL, TO CREATE AN IMAGE OF THE CITY, CONNECTING THE PAST, PRESENT AND THE FUTURE? DESIGN OF STREET ELEMENTS THAT CREATE THE IMAGE OF THE CITY BASED ON A HERITAGE ELEMENT Hyderabad has acquired the sobriquet City of Pearls, and Pearl jewellery has remained as an important aspect of Hyderabad's culture in India, and something which immediately identifies as the local culture of Hyderabad. The suggested design of basic street elements all incorporate the concept of the PEARL as a distinctive design of the big picture incorporated into the smaller elements that make up a city street. MORE THAN THE BUILDINGS, THE MANY ELEMENTS THAT MAKE UP OUR EVERYDAY LIFE HAVE TO BE STUDDED WITH CULTURAL MOTIFS IN ORDER TO REMAIN CONNECTED WITH THE PAST. 12

14 STUDY AREA RE-DESIGN PROPOSAL SALIENT FEATURES :- -Division of main study area into four quadrants. -Minimizing through traffic through the residential zone. -Clustering of all social infrastructure at the centre, thus creating a focal zone. -Extensive Avenue Plantation on the four bounding roads as well as the central road. -Removal of vehicular parking from the main traffic routes, and provide planned parking lots along the central road, which blend into the design, and encourage people to WALK to their final destinations. The MASAB Big Picture TANK AREA is creating a lasting Image of the City in the minds of the users. 13

15 MINIMIZING THE BUILDING IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT The main cause of the urban heat island is modification of the land surface by urban development; waste heat generated by energy usage is a secondary contributor. One of the major techniques used in minimizing this heat island effect is to increase vegetation cover in cities in order to maximize the multiple vegetation benefits in controlling the temperature rises. PROPOSED STREET DESIGN IN THE SHANTHINAGAR LOCALITY Design Challenge :- Minimal 30 Right of Way to accommodate a variety of activities An attempt is made to design a street that helps to create and preserve a sense of place, where the sidewalk is provided for people to walk, stroll, look, gaze, meet, play, shop and even work alongside cars but not be dominated by them. Vertical elements like trees or bollards reduce the optical width of a narrowed street, thereby discouraging speeding and thus creating friendly, safe neighbourhoods. PROPOSED STREET SECTION AND STREET VIEW ABOVE 14

16 PEDESTRIANIZATION OF CHINTHAL BASTI MARKET MAIN STREET FOR EASE OF PEDESTRIAN AND VEHICULAR MOVEMENT The removal of car traffic within the main Chinthalbasti market thoroughfare by means of street closures will serve the advantages of minimizing traffic jams, maximizing pedestrian safety, increasing human mobility, reduction of noise and air pollution, several environmental benefits and will also help in developing walking as a healthy alternative that fits in well with the pedestrianization agenda. ENTRY / EXIT INTO CAR PARK BUILDING PROPOSED COMMUNITY TOILETS MAP SHOWING PROPOSED ALTERNATE VEHICULAR ROUTE & PEDESTRIAN PRECINCT. THE DESIGN PROPOSAL ALSO SHOWS AN INCORPORATED MULTI STOREYED CAR PARK BUILDING. 15

17 PEDESTRIANIZATION OF CHINTHAL BASTI MARKET MAIN STREET FOR EASE OF PEDESTRIAN AND VEHICULAR MOVEMENT 16

18 HOW THE BASICS CHANGE THE WAY THE DORMANT ENERGY IN THE ENVIRONS IS CAPTURED CREATING RESOURCE EFFICIENT COMMUNITIES Taking specific cases, each of the following ideas can be implemented to provide effective design solutions. Provision for capturing solar energy, utilizing building surfaces, and also street elements like street lights. Capturing of Wind Energy, High Initial Costs but looking towards energy sustainability. Provision of central water channels in streets to lower temperatures. Increasing vegetation cover : Strategically placing trees in front of windows and on the sunniest sides Larger trees also tend to be more effective, as they provide a greater canopy cover and shade area. UNDER THE FLYOVER RECLAIMING PUBLIC SPACE FOR HEALTHIER STREETS With a few small interventions these patches of land could be completely transformed and find a host of uses that would be constantly changing over time, responsive to collective need, present aspirations and seasonal calendar. Other than parking, we propose spaces for play, for shelter, for community building, for worship and for celebration with reading kiosks, pedestrian lighting and landscaped seating with Mural Walls. Increasing Vegetation Cover through urban farming at lower levels, vertical landscapes, and pervious footpaths and pavement. 17

19 STREET DESIGN MODULE CHINTHALBASTHI MAIN STREET EXISTING STREET FACADE PROPOSED STREET PLAN AND SECTION PROPOSED STREET FAÇADE OF CHINTHAL BASTHI INFORMAL MARKETPLACE UTILIZING PROPOSED STREET DESIGN ELEMENTS 18

20 STREET DESIGN MODULE BASED ON SIX PRINCIPLES OF STREET DESIGN DESIGN OBJECTIVE - Use the design of visible building facades to create/reinforce neighbourhood identity and a richer pedestrian environment. BUILDING FAÇADE GOALS :- 1) Incorporate features on the building facade that add visual interest to the environment. 2) Create compatibility between buildings, street, and neighbourhood through architectural elements that add scale and character. 3) Use building elements to enhance comfort and security of pedestrians. 4) Provide views beyond the street wall to enhance the public s visual environment. 5) Discourage blank walls. Architectural features, enhanced materials, fenestration, planting, lighting, and signage may contribute to a more pedestrian friendly streetscape. TREATMENT OF BLANK FAÇADE TO ADD VISUAL INTEREST. BLANK FAÇADE OF ST.ANNS SCHOOL 19

21 PROPOSAL FOR SURFACE WATER CATCHMENT AREAS- IDENTIFICATION OF SPECIFIC ZONES 8 1 Urbanization increases surface runoff, by creating more impervious surfaces such as pavement and buildings, that do not allow percolation of the water down through the soil to the aquifer. It is instead forced directly into streams or storm water runoff drains, where erosion and siltation can be major problems, even when flooding is not. Increased runoff reduces groundwater recharge, thus lowering the water table and making droughts worse CONCLUSION THROUGH OUR STUDY, WE HAVE UNDERSTOOD THAT EVERY RESIDENT HAS AN IMPLIED CULTURAL RULE OF LIVING, WHICH MEANS THAT EACH RESIDENT, OF EACH CITY IS ABLE TO FIND A UNIQUE WAY OF COPING WITH THEIR POSITION OF LIVEABILITY. WE THUS ESTABLISH THAT A CITY SHOULD BE SHAPED BY MORE THAN JUST ITS PHYSICAL FORMS, BUT ALSO BY THE NEEDS OF PEOPLE AND THEIR CONNECTIVITY TO PLACES IN WHICH THEY LIVE, I.E. THEIR SOCIAL DOMAIN AND INFRASTRUCTURE. 20

22 COST ANALYSIS- STUDY AREA 21

23 COST ANALYSIS- STUDY AREA 22

24 COST ANALYSIS- PEDESTRIANIZATION OF CHINTHAL BASTI AREA 23