AB! C! DEFG! HIGJ! KLMN! Misaki IZAWA Professor Emeritus, College of Science and Technology, Nihon University

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1 #$%#&'()*+,-./01234 Town Development for Disaster Prevention and Seaplane Base Network Plan aiming at Post-reconstruction Sustainability AB C DEFG HIGJ KLMN Misaki IZAWA Professor Emeritus, College of Science and Technology, Nihon University O PQ DEFG HIGJ RSTUVWIGX MN Tomoyuki TODOROKI Professor, Department of Transportation Systems Engineering, College of Science and Technology, Nihon University YZ #$%&$'()*+,-./ )*789:-;<=#>?@ABCD(EFGHI2=JKLMNOP@QRA<ST(U?VWXYGZ[\2 34]^_`8abGcdRAe2fg2hi@<=KL'@jIklmnopqr (stguvwra<xy(zlo{ LOP(}~G ÄR2ÅtÇÉÑÖÜá9mà âgcdrae2fä1,(ab;<st@ã2åa=mn(çé rè@êoëk í(wì\aîkf ïñóòôãöõòúùe1kõgûü (` Y 01Aîk ÆïØ ó(æ±;< t@ ê µ - kfä(æ±( ;< ªOP(ºî æ-;ø1käwg c@ê,1aj < æ Ñ8 9G ƒroë, ë øökäw-±;,1ae2wì\,1kf < ( ÄÀÃr@êîA;<ä1g-Õ (Œœ-c 1 wîã1k ÿ8 2 Ÿ Gâ R< }ökÿ G 0 Aòôãöõwwí@<fifl ëòúùe1kõ]^à ë - kf v@;< ÿ8ñqâ(uêáwë woå2 µ G LKî@ÈÍR<hi@ (t'@ kîïgu?«zì98wraó Ô ÒÚÛwökfä1;<ÙıvO

2 EF45GHIJKLM(NFOPQRSTUVNKWXY>Z[-\]12%^_+, (`abc4>d%ef(g-e1hijklmjnvopqarrstustu45i YW vj=%rstuwxyz{(s39> }S~ käåçnéñöüsk áçnéà ïñx129ã$5ó$òô(ö5$kw kõnúùûü%y % & { ß T úù % yæ%ø ±B % I1µH91 5$Kv3(> % ª(º 5æø4YWvJ=%úùB m-& 12E= JYó ƒºø úù VN >v% «%» 345> ÀÃL( ;4Y & { ß T (t u45iyw BÕŒ9sœ < 1K ÆrVNKWv%œ -6 ú9nk - Ü12( ÀÃL%? ÿ345 ;ŸKY > m- & %è 1,É PwÆ{(E fi9fl C ó ƒº( œÿkv3<vik3$ : <NKW XY> ÀÃLBÂÊL(Á;ŸKv3E=>Ë&È_ÍÎ%±1úÏRS-ÌÓú % œsô 8ÒÚVN >úïrsû9ã$5spùım1ó ƒºïæìˆ31kw 2020 % x É x XV9B>6 %&9 ÀÃL<À ƒ v3(ˇ45>#8é$%8é&'81()(œ*5$k WXY> œ( +45 $Kúù9ã K,Ò-(ó K./ 01 ªs $KW (B 3 ŸK RS %678(úÏRS s9 ŸKv3VúÏ9s$%:;( D<±O>úÏ ûü%=<e 31Kv3(> 5$KW Summary: The Reconstruction Assistance Research Group established by the academics of the College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, has been proposing, with a vision for future disaster prevention, model plans of the town reconstruction of the coastal area of Tohoku, which suffered unprecedented damages in the Great East Japan Earthquake. At the same time, for the improvement of access to the coastal area of eastern Japan, our group has been presenting the concept of Seaplane Base Network, which utilizes coves such as the ria coast of Sanriku. These plans are surely to contribute to the conservation and vitalization of the region in the future years. (1) A design of town development with deflection and escapability The pavilions of Itsukushima Shrine, which is the World Cultural Heritage site in Hiroshima Prefecture, are wooden structures on water. It is said that the corridors of the pavilions were built under assumption of being destructed by fierce waves due to typhoons and other natural conditions; the main pavilions are considered to have been protected by corridors destruction with absorbing

3 wave energy. Our proposition is that this concept can be applied to the reconstruction in the disaster-struck regions of the Great East Japan Earthquake, that is, in case of Level 2 tsunami, which would occur every few hundred or thousand years, a town structure should have the functions of deflection of approaching tsunami and of residents escapability. To be specific, a building which is compliant with Level 1 tsunami and complex with a coastal levee is supposed to be located along the coast, and its levee crown is to function as a disaster prevention corridor establishing an evacuation route to a higher ground. This is a town structure that combines the function as an attractive coastal environment with commercial buildings and boardwalks on a daily basis and that as an evacuation route at the time of disaster. Our group has also proposed a circular town structure in which principle facilities such as schools and hospitals are intensively placed and surrounded by a gently curved levee (double levee). Our designs of reconstruction models, based on these town structure concepts, have received high acclaim at competitions in Taro, Miyako (Iwate Prefecture), Kesen-numa (Miyagi Prefecture), Asahi (Chiba Prefecture) and so on. (2) Seaplane base network plan for regional revitalization Through above-mentioned supportive activities for reconstruction, our group realized how the inconvenient access to the Sanriku region, where express traffic services such as Shinkansen or aviation are not reached sufficiently, was a great hindrance to the reconstruction. Thus, as our solution to this problem, the seaplane base network has been proposed. The Sanriku region has a ria coast with a series of coves. As coves, ports, lakes and other waterfront locations can be utilized as the landing fields for seaplanes, there is an advantage that express traffic services can be introduced throughout Japan without having to spend a lot on the construction and maintenance as is the case with Shinkansen and airports. Since small aircrafts are to be used, seaplane services will be relatively easy to introduce to the small provincial cities and tourist destinations with lower aviation demands; they are supposed to be a sustainable express traffic system in provincial cities as well. With an aim to have seaplanes fly the skies of Japan by the Tokyo Olympics and Paralympics in 2020, our group is making a great deal of technical, economical and systematic considerations. Aggressive public relations activities are also being carried out to improve the receptivity in regions where seaplanes are expected to be introduced. It is hoped that visitors to Tokyo or other big cities could readily fly to provincial cities due to seaplane base network, which would bring a knock-on effect on the economy in the countryside and establish a foothold in regional revitalization.

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