Technical Committee on Raymond A. Grill Fire Prevention Code [FIC-AAA] William K. Hopple Donald P. Bliss, Lynne Kilpatrick Scott W.

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1 Technical Committee on Fire Prevention Code [FIC-AAA] Donald P. Bliss, Chair New Hampshire Dept. of Safety, NH [E] Rep. National Association of State Fire Marshals Scott W. Adams, Park City Fire District, UT [E] John F. Bender, Maryland Office of State Fire Marshal, MD [E] David F. Bibber, City of Dover Fire and Rescue, NH [E] Rep. International Association of Fire Chiefs D. Edwin Blehschmidt, West Virginia University, WV [U] Rep. NFPA Health Care Section James W. Bowman, The DuPont Company, DE [U] Jeffrey P. Collins, Palm Beach County Fire/Rescue, FL [E] Brian J. Denk, Sara Lee Corporation, IL [U] Rep. NFPA Industrial Fire Protection Section Gene B. Endthoff, National Fire Sprinkler Association, IL [M] Rep. National Fire Sprinkler Association Douglas S. Erickson, American Society for Healthcare Engineering, VI [U] Rep. American Society for Healthcare Engineering Ronald R. Farr, Kalamazoo Township Fire Department, MI [E] Rep. International Fire Marshals Association Darrell W. Harguth, Fire Equipment Manufacturers Assn. Inc., CA [M] Rep. Fire Equipment Manufacturers Association Alfred J. Hogan, Reedy Creek Improvement District, FL [U] Howard Hopper, Underwriters Laboratories Inc., CA [RT] Thomas W. Jaeger, Gage-Babcock & Associates Inc., VA [SE] Robert J. James, City of Bloomington, MN [E] Richard S. Kraus, Petroleum Safety Consultants, VA [U] Rep. American Petroleum Institute James K. Lathrop, Koffel Associates, Inc., CT [SE] Len Malmquist, Central Emergency Services, AK [E] Rep. Western Fire Chiefs Association Ronald K. Mengel, System Sensor, IL [M] Rep. National Electrical Manufacturers Association Wayne D. Moore, Hughes Associates, Inc., RI [M] Rep. Automatic Fire Alarm Association, Inc. Joseph L. Navarra, Potomac Electric Power Company, DC [U] Rep. Edison Electric Institute Michael A. O Hara, The MountainStar Group, MN [SE] Kenneth R. Quick, Jr., City of Culver City Fire Department, CA [E] Rep. South Bay Section Fire Prevention Officer Association Robert Rowe, City of Downey Fire Department, CA [E] Rep. Western Fire Chiefs Association Chester W. Schirmer, Schirmer Engineering Corporation, NC [I] Jeffrey M. Shapiro, International Code Consultants, TX [M] Rep. The Chlorine Institute Amal Tamim, W.R. Grace & Company-Conn, MA [M] Randolph W. Tucker, The RJA Group, Inc., TX [SE] Stanley Wheeler, CA [E] Rep. International Code Council, Inc./AEBO Peter J. Willse, Industrial Risk Insurers, CT [I] Rep. Industrial Risk Insurers Alternates Anthony C. Apfelbeck, Altamonte Springs Fire Department, FL [E] (Alt. to J. P. Collins) Carl F. Baldassarra, Schirmer Engineering Corporation, IL [I] (Alt. to C. W. Schirmer) Thomas T. Bulow, AZ [U] Rep. NFPA Health Care Section (Alt. to D. E. Blehschmidt) Kenneth E. Bush, Maryland State Fire Marshals Office, MD [E] (Alt. to J. F. Bender) Samuel S. Dannaway, S. S. Dannaway Associates, Inc., HI [M] Rep. National Fire Sprinkler Association (Alt. to G. B. Endthoff) John A. Davenport, CT [I] (Alt. to P. J. Willse) Kenneth A. Ford, National Association of Home Builders, DC [U] (Voting Alt. to NAHB Rep.) John D. Garcia, Underwriters Laboratories Inc., NJ [RT] (Alt. to H. Hopper) Raymond A. Grill, The RJA Group, Inc., VA [SE] (Alt. to R. W. Tucker) William K. Hopple, SimplexGrinnell, CA [M] Rep. National Electrical Manufacturers Association (Alt. to R. K. Mengel) Lynne Kilpatrick, Seattle Fire Department, WA [E] Rep. Western Fire Chiefs Association (Alt. to L. Malmquist) Roy C. (Chuck) Kimball, Brooks Equipment Company, Inc., NC [M] Rep. Fire Equipment Manufacturers Association (Alt. to D. W. Harguth) William E. Koffel, Koffel Associates, Inc., MD [SE] (Alt. to J. K. Lathrop) Michael E. Lyden, The Chlorine Institute, Inc., DC [M] Rep. The Chlorine Institute (Alt. to J. M. Shapiro) Anthony Sanfilippo, Michigan Dept. of Consumer & Industry Services, MI [E] Rep. International Fire Marshals Association (Alt. to R. R. Farr) Sevantilal Shah, Pinnacle West Capital Corp., AZ [U] (Alt. to J. L. Navarra) Rick Thornberry, The Code Consortium, Inc., CA [M] (Alt. to A. Tamim) Patrick C. Ward, Gage-Babcock & Associates, Inc., CA [SE] (Alt. to T. W. Jaeger) Nonvoting Robert Bourke, Lynn Fire Department, MA [E] Rep Northeast Regional Fire Code Development Committee James E. Everitt, Tualatin Valley Fire/Rescue, OR [E] Rep. Western Regional Fire Code Development Committee Jon Nisja, Minnesota State Fire Marshal Division, MN [E] Rep. North Central Regional Fire Code Development Committee Walter Smittle, WV [SE] Staff Liaison: Martha H. Curtis Committee Scope: This Committee shall have primary responsibility for documents on a Fire Prevention Code that includes appropriate administrative provisions, to be used with the National Fire Codes for the installation, operation, and maintenance of buildings, structures and premises for the purpose of providing safety to life and property from fire and explosion. This includes development of requirements for, and maintenance of, systems and equipment for fire control and extinguishment. Safety to life of occupants of buildings and structures is under the primary jurisdiction of the Committee on Safety to Life. This list represents the membership at the time the Committee was balloted on the final text of this edition. Since that time, changes in the membership may have occurred. A key to classifications is found at the back of the document. The Report of the Technical Committee on Fire Prevention Code is presented for adoption. This Report was prepared by the Technical Committee on Fire Prevention Code and proposes for adoption, a complete revision to NFPA 1, Fire Prevention Code, 2000 edition, including a name change of NFPA 1 to Uniform Fire Prevention Code. NFPA is published in Volume 1 of the 2001 National Fire Codes and in separate pamphlet form. This Report has been submitted to letter ballot of the Technical Committee on Fire Prevention Code, which consists of 32 voting members. The results of the balloting, after circulation of any negative votes, can be found in the report. 867

2 NOTE: To assist in review and comment a draft of NFPA 1 is available and downloadable from our Web Site at www. NFPA.org. It is also available on the CD ROM. Paper copies of the draft are available from NFPA upon request by calling Customer (Log #CP28) 1-1-(Various) : Accept SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on Fire Prevention Code, RECOMMENDATION: 1. Update all Extracted text in the NFPA 1 UFC Preprint. 2. Revise NFPA 1 UFC according to the reorganization proposal. NFPA 1 Uniform Fire Prevention Code 2003 Edition Reorganization Proposal Part I Administrative Chapters Administration and Enforcement 2 Referenced Publications 3 Definitions 4 General 5 Performance-Based Option Part II General Chapters General Fire Safety 11 Building Services 12 Features of Fire Protection 13 Fire Protection Systems 14 Means of Egress 15 Planned Building Groups 16 Safeguards During Building Construction, Alteration, and Demolition Operations 17 Wildland Urban Interface Part III Occupancy Chapters Occupancy Fire Safety 21 Airport and Heliports 22 Automobile Wrecking Yards 23 Cleanrooms 24 Drycleaning 25 Grandstands and Bleachers, Folding and Tesescopic Seating, Tents and Membrane Structures 26 Laboratories Using Chemicals 27 Manufactured Homes and Recreational Vehicle Sites 28 Marinas, Boatyards, Marine Terminals, Piers, and Wharves 29 Parking Garages 30 Service Stations and Repair Garages 31 Wood Products Part IV Processes Chapter Dust Explosion Prevention 41 Hot Work Operations 42 Refueling Part V Equipment Chapters Commercial Cooking Equipment 51 Industrial Ovens 52 Lead-Acid Battery Systems 53 Mechanical Refrigeration Part VI Materials Chapters 60-End 60 Aerosol Products 61 Combustible Waste, Refuse, and Fibers 62 Compressed Natural Gas Fuel Systems 63 Cryogenic Fluids 64 Compressed Gases 65 Fireworks, Model Rocketry, and Explosives 66 Flammable and Combustible Liquids 67 Hazardous Materials 68 LPG/LNG 69 Oxidizers and Organic Peroxides 70 Spray Application of Flammable and Combustible Liquids 71 Pesticides and Herbicides Annex Annex A Explanatory Material Annex B Oxidizers and Organic Peroxides Annex C Sample Ordinance Adopting the Uniform Fire Prevention Code Annex D Hazardous Materials Management Plans and Hazardous Materials Inventory Statement Annex E Model Citation Program Annex F Model Fees and Charges Program Annex G Ozone Gas-Generating Systems Annex H Mobile Fueling at Commercial, Industrial, and Government Sites Annex I Fire Flow Reguirements for Buildings Annex J Fire Hydrant Locations and Distribution 868 (Log #CP29) 1-2-(Title) : Accept SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on Fire Prevention Code, RECOMMENDATION: Revise the title of NFPA 1, Fire Prevention Code, to NFPA 1, Uniform Fire Prevention Code. SUBSTANTIATION: The title was revised to reflect the effort of the NFPA Fire Prevention Code Committee to incorporate the provisions of the Uniform Fire Code into NFPA 1 under the terms of the agreement with the Western Fire Chiefs Association. Annex K Informational References 3. MOS edit. a. Nonmandatory language deleted; b. Removed exceptions. c. All mandatory references to chapter 2 d. Put all definitions in Chapter 3 in alphabetical order for the terms used in the Code (modified). SUBSTANTIATION: Editorial restructuring to conform with the 2000 edition of the NFPA Manual of Style. (Log #CP30) 1-3-(Entire) : Accept SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on Fire Prevention Code, RECOMMENDATION: 1. The Fire Prevention Code Committee proposes a complete revision to the 2000 edition of NFPA 1, Fire Prevention Code, by updating the text extracted from other NFPA documents and incorporating the changes accepted as a result of public and Committee proposals as shown at the end of this report. 2. Also add new direct references to documents that are essential to the code officials use of the document. SUBSTANTIATION: The Committee has updated the text extracted from other NFPA documents, as well as, made other changes to keep the document current for use. (Log #387) 1-4-(Chapter 1) : Accept in Principle SUBMITTER: Bill Hopple, SimplexGrinnell RECOMMENDATION: Reorganize Chapter 1 in accordance with the Manual of Style, Section 1.6. SUBSTANTIATION: The document does not meet the Manual of Style. in Principle COMMITTEE STATEMENT: See Recommendation and Substantiation on Proposal 1-1 (Log #CP28). (Log #417) 1-5-(Chapter 1) : Reject SUBMITTER: William E. Koffel, Koffel Assoc., Inc. RECOMMENDATION: Review all of Chapter 1 for consistency with NFPA SUBSTANTIATION: While some differences are appropriate, others such as appointing and processing appeals should be consistent. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: The Committee did not have adequate time to review the NFPA 5000 ROP prior to this meeting. Correlation for this issue will have to be done at the comment stage. COMMENT ON AFFIRMATIVE: LATHROP: Concur as long as this is done as stated.

3 (Log #CP25) 1-6-(Chapters 1, 3, 4 & 5) : Accept SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on Fire Prevention Code, RECOMMENDATION: Add proposed text from the Performance-Based Design Proposal to read: 1. Delete Section 1-7. Delete the Annex to Add the following definitions in Chapter 3: {Staff - Extract the definitions identified in from NFPA 101, and identify each definition as being extracted text} 3. Add a new Chapter 4 and renumber the remaining chapters. 4.1* Goals and Objectives Chapter 4 General 4.1.1* Goals. The goals of this code are to provide a reasonable level of safety, property protection, public welfare, and mission continuity from the actual and potential hazards created by fire, explosion, and other hazardous conditions * Objectives To achieve the goals stated in 4.1.1, the goals and objectives of through shall be satisfied Safety. The safety goal of this Code is intended to reduce the probability of injury or death from fire, explosions, or events involving hazardous materials Safety from Fire * Safety from Fire Goal. The fire safety goal of this Code is: (1) to provide an environment for the occupants inside or near a building that is reasonably safe from fire and similar emergencies (2) to protect fire fighters and emergency responders Safety from Fire Objectives Buildings shall be designed and constructed to protect the occupants, not intimate with the initial fire development, for the time needed to evacuate, relocate or defend in place * Buildings shall be designed and constructed to provide reasonable safety for fire fighters and emergency responders during search and rescue operations Buildings shall be designed and constructed to reasonably protect adjacent persons and buildings from injury, death or substantial damage as a result of a fire Buildings shall be designed and constructed to provide reasonable access to the building for emergency responders Safety During Building Use * Safety During Building Use Goal. The safety during building use goal of this code is to provide an environment for the occupants of the building that is reasonably safe during the normal use of the building Safety During Building Use Objectives Buildings shall be designed and constructed to reduce the probability of death or injury from falling during normal use Buildings shall be designed and constructed to provide for reasonably safe crowd movement during emergency and non-emergency conditions Buildings shall be designed and constructed to provide reasonable safety for occupants and workers during construction and demolition Buildings shall be designed and constructed to provide reasonable notification to occupants of emergency situations Buildings shall be designed and constructed to provide reasonable signage to identify hazards, means of egress and other building safety 869 features Buildings shall be designed and constructed to provide reasonable safety from occupants coming in contact with glazing or similar frangible construction materials during normal use of the building Hazardous Materials Hazardous Materials Goal. Facilities containing high hazard contents shall have the goal of protecting people and property from the consequences of unauthorized discharges, fires and explosions involving hazardous materials. Designs shall minimize the risk probability of such events and shall minimize the consequences of such events should they occur Hazardous Materials Objective. The facility shall be designed, constructed and maintained, and operations associated with the facility shall be conducted, to prevent the unauthorized discharge of hazardous materials Property Protection Property Protection Goals. The property protection goal of this code is to limit damage to the facility created by a fire, explosion or event associated with hazardous materials to a reasonable level *Prevention of Ignition. The facility shall be designed, constructed and maintained, and operations associated with the facility shall be conducted, to prevent unintentional deflagrations and other ignitions of combustible materials which can cause failure of or damage to adjacent compartments, emergency life safety systems, adjacent properties, adjacent storage or the facility s structural elements * Mitigation of Fire Spread and Explosions. In the event that ignition is not prevented, the facility shall be designed, constructed and maintained, and operations associated with the facility shall be conducted, to mitigate the effects of unwanted fires and explosions Structural Integrity. The facility shall be designed, constructed and maintained, and operations associated with the facility shall be conducted, to protect the facility and its contents from building collapse due to a loss of structural integrity resulting from a fire Mission Continuity * Mission Continuity Goal. The mission continuity goal of this Code is to ensure that the building, in its design, construction, maintenance, and operations can reasonably continue to function for its intended purpose following the impact of fire or hazardous material related event * Mission Continuity Objective. Buildings that provide a public welfare role for a community shall be designed and constructed to provide reasonable assurance of continued function following the impact of fire or hazardous material related event Function Function Goal. The function goal of this Code is intended to ensure that a building and its systems, features and construction, throughout its life, provide reasonable capability of operation to satisfy the other goals of this Code * Function Objective. Buildings shall be designed and constructed to provide reasonable assurance that its systems, features and construction will be capable of performing their intended use to satisfy the objectives of this Code. 4.2 Assumption * Single Fire Source. The fire protection methods of this Code assume that there will not be multiple simultaneous fire incidents. This assumption shall not preclude the evaluation of multiple design fire scenarios as required by Section 5.4 for performance-based designs. 4.3 Building Design and Life Safety Compliance Options Options. Building design meeting Compliance with the goals and objectives of Section 4.1 shall be provided in accordance with either of the following: (1) The prescriptive-based provisions per (2) The performance-based provisions per Prescriptive-Based Option A prescriptive-based building design option shall be in accordance with Chapters 1 through 4 and Chapters 6 through 40 of this Code.

4 Where specific requirements contained in Chapter 8 for occupancies differ from general requirements contained in Chapters 1 through 4 and Chapters 6 through 40, the requirements of Chapter 8 shall govern. 4.5 General Requirements Authority Having Jurisdiction Performance-Based Option A performance-based building design option shall be in accordance with Chapters 1 through 5 of this Code Prescriptive requirements shall be permitted to be used as part of the performance approach, if they, in conjunction with the performance features, meet the overall goals and objectives of this Code. 4.4 Fundamental Life Safety Requirements Multiple Safeguards. The design of every building or structure intended for human occupancy shall be such that reliance for property conservation and safety to life does not depend solely on any single safeguard. Additional safeguard(s) shall be provided for property conservation and life safety in case any single safeguard is ineffective due to inappropriate human actions, building failure, or system failure Appropriateness of Safeguards. Every building or structure shall be provided with means of egress and other safeguards of the kinds, numbers, locations, and capacities appropriate to the individual building or structure, with due regard to the following: (1) Character of the occupancy (2) Capabilities of the occupants (3) Number of persons exposed (4) Fire protection available systems in place capabilities of response personnel (5) Height and type of construction of the building or structure (6) Other factors necessary to provide occupants with a reasonable degree of safety (7) Other factors necessary to protect the building and contents from damage Means of Egress Number of Means of Egress. Two means of egress, as a minimum, shall be provided in every building or structure, section, and area where size, occupancy, and arrangement endanger occupants attempting to use a single means of egress that is blocked by fire or smoke. The two means of egress shall be arranged to minimize the possibility that both might be rendered impassable by the same emergency condition Unobstructed Egress. In every occupied building or structure, means of egress from all parts of the building shall be maintained free and unobstructed. No lock or fastening shall be permitted that prevents free escape from the inside of any building other than in health care occupancies and detention and correctional occupancies where staff are continually on duty and effective provisions are made to remove occupants in case of fire or other emergency. Means of egress shall be accessible to the extent necessary to ensure reasonable safety for occupants having impaired mobility Awareness of Egress System. Every exit shall be clearly visible, or the route to reach every exit shall be conspicuously indicated. Each means of egress, in its entirety, shall be arranged or marked so that the way to a place of safety is indicated in a clear manner Lighting. Where artificial illumination is needed in a building or structure, egress facilities shall be included in the lighting design * Occupant Notification. In every building or structure of such size, arrangement, or occupancy that a fire itself might not provide adequate occupant warning, fire alarm facilities shall be provided where necessary to warn occupants of the existence of fire Vertical Openings. Every vertical opening between the floors of a building shall be suitably enclosed or protected, as necessary, to afford reasonable safety to occupants while using the means of egress and to prevent spread of fire, smoke, or fumes through vertical openings from floor to floor before occupants have entered exits System Design/Installation. Any fire protection system, building service equipment, feature of protection, or safeguard provided for life safety shall be designed, installed, and approved in accordance with applicable NFPA codes and standards Maintenance. Whenever or wherever any device, equipment, system, condition, arrangement, level of protection, or any other feature is required for compliance with the provisions of this Code, such device, equipment, system, condition, arrangement, level of protection, or other feature shall thereafter be maintained unless the Code exempts such maintenance The authority having jurisdiction shall determine whether the provisions of this Code are met Any requirements that are essential for the safety of building occupants and that are not specifically provided for by this Code shall be determined by the authority having jurisdiction Where it is evident that a reasonable degree of safety is provided, any requirement shall be permitted to be modified if its application would be hazardous under normal occupancy conditions in the judgment of the authority having jurisdiction Historic Buildings. The provisions of this Code shall be permitted to be modified by the authority having jurisdiction for buildings or structures identified and classified as historic buildings or structures where it is evident that a reasonable degree of safety and property protection is provided Provisions in Excess of Code Requirements. Nothing in this Code shall be construed to prohibit a better type of building construction, an additional means of egress, or an otherwise safer condition than that specified by the minimum requirements of this Code Conditions for Occupancy No new construction or existing building shall be occupied in whole or in part in violation of the provisions of this Code unless the following conditions exist: (1) A plan of correction has been approved. (2) The occupancy classification remains the same. (3) No serious life safety hazard exists as judged by the authority having jurisdiction Where compliance with this Code is effected by means of a performance-based design, the owner shall annually certify compliance with the conditions and limitations of the design by submitting a warrant of fitness acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction. The warrant of fitness shall attest that the building features, systems, and use have been inspected and confirmed to remain consistent with design specifications outlined in the documentation required by Section 5.7 and that they continue to satisfy the goals and objectives specified in Section 4.1. (See Chapter 5.) Construction, Repair, and Improvement Operations * Buildings or portions of buildings shall be permitted to be occupied during construction, repair, alterations, or additions only where required means of egress and required fire protection features are in place and continuously maintained for the portion occupied or where alternative life safety measures and building protection measures acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction are in place * In buildings under construction, adequate escape facilities shall be maintained at all times for the use of construction workers. Escape facilities shall consist of doors, walkways, stairs, ramps, fire escapes, ladders, or other approved means or devices arranged in accordance with the general principles of the Code insofar as they can reasonably be applied to buildings under construction Flammable or explosive substances or equipment for repairs or alterations shall be permitted in a building while the building is occupied if the condition of use and safeguards provided do not create any additional danger or impediment to egress beyond the normally permissible conditions in the building * Changes of Occupancy In any building or structure, whether or not a physical alteration is needed, a change from one occupancy classification to another shall be permitted only where such a structure, building, or portion thereof conforms with the requirements of this Code that apply to new construction for the proposed new use, except as follows: (a) Where, in the opinion of the AHJ, the proposed occupancy or change in use is not more hazardous than the existing use, based on life safety and fire risk, the AHJ shall be permitted to approve such change of occupancy provided compliance with the requirements of this Code for buildings of like occupancy or use are specifically incorporated to safeguard the life, health, and welfare of persons. (b) Change of tenants or ownership shall not be construed to be a change of occupancy classification where the nature of use and assigned occupancy

5 classification remain the same. When a building or part thereof has been vacant for a period of six months or more, a new certificate of occupancy shall be obtained before tenancy begins Where specifically permitted elsewhere in the Code, existing construction features shall be permitted to be continued in use in conversions Maintenance and Testing. NFPA 1 November 2002 ROP Copyright, 2002 NFPA Whenever or wherever any device, equipment, system, condition, arrangement, level of protection, or any other feature is required for compliance with the provisions of this Code, such device, equipment, system, condition, arrangement, level of protection, or other feature shall thereafter be continuously maintained in accordance with applicable NFPA requirements or as directed by the authority having jurisdiction * Existing life safety features obvious to the public, if not required by the Code, shall be either maintained or removed Equipment requiring periodic testing or operation to ensure its maintenance shall be tested or operated as specified elsewhere in this Code or as directed by the authority having jurisdiction Maintenance and testing shall be under the supervision of a responsible person who shall ensure that testing and maintenance are made at specified intervals in accordance with applicable NFPA standards, manufacturer s instructions, or as directed by the authority having jurisdiction. CHAPTER 4 ANNEX A.4.1 The overall goals of this Code are presented in These overall goals are treated in greater depth in through In each of these subsections, an overall goal for the subsection is defined, specific goals relating to the overall goal are presented next, and the objectives that relate to the specific goal follow. This format is intended to enhance the usability of the Code. A These highest level goals are intentionally general in nature. Each includes a broad spectrum of topics as shown in A reasonable level of safety is further defined by subsequent language in the Code. The facility owner/property or an insurance representative may also have other goals, which may necessitate more stringent objectives as well as more demanding criteria. A The objectives apply regardless of which option a user of the Code may select for a design the performance-based option or the prescriptive-based option. The objectives are stated in more specific terms than the goals and tend to be more quantitative. The goals and objectives, taken together, form the broad, general targets at which a performance-based design can take aim. Specific criteria for design follow in Chapter 5. A The term reasonably safe from fire is defined by subsequent language in this Code, primarily in the objectives. A In many cases, the other provisions of the Code to provide safety for occupants will satisfy this goal for protection of emergency responders. A The term reasonably safe during normal use is defined by subsequent language in this Code, primarily in the objectives. Certain requirements, such as heights of guards and stair dimensions are provided to ensure that the occupants are safe during non-emergency use of the buildings. Failure to address these features could result in falls or other injuries to occupants in their normal day-to-day activities in the building. A Ignition occurs when combustible materials come into contact with a source of heat of sufficient temperature and power for a requisite time. Combustible material does not necessarily ignite immediately upon contact with a source of heat. A Examples of specific conditions to avoid include, but are not limited to, flashover, fire spread beyond the item or room of fire origin, overheating of equipment, and overpressure of exterior walls. A This goal is applicable to certain buildings that have been deemed to be necessary to the continued welfare of a community. Mission critical areas shall be identified and appropriately protected. The objectives for property protection and mission continuity are sometimes difficult to differentiate: achieving 871 the objectives for property protection might, to a certain extent, accomplish the objectives for mission continuity A Examples of buildings that provide a public welfare role for a community might include hospitals, fire stations, evacuation centers, schools and electrical generating plants. Also included are buildings with significant impact of the economic viability of the community. This objective is intended to ensure that such facilities are capable of maintaining their essential services following a disaster since the community s well-being may depend on that service being available. A This objective is intended to apply to systems, features and construction that are provided in the building for the purpose of meeting the other objectives and is not intended to apply to non-required systems, features and construction. A Additional assumptions that need to be identified for a performance-based design are addressed in Chapter 5. A Fire alarms alert occupants to initiate emergency procedures, facilitate orderly conduct of fire drills, and initiate response by emergency services. A Examples of changes from one occupancy subclassification to another subclassification of the same occupancy could include a change from a Class B to a Class A mercantile occupancy. Hospitals and nursing homes are both health care occupancies and are defined separately, but they are not established as separate suboccupancies; thus, a change from one to the other does not constitute a change of occupancy subclassification. For example, a building was used as a hospital but has been closed for four years. It is again to be used as a hospital. As long as the building was not used as another occupancy during the time it was closed, it would be considered an existing hospital. Hotels and apartments, although both residential occupancies, are treated separately, and a change from one to the other constitutes a change of occupancy. A Examples of such features include automatic sprinklers, fire alarm systems, standpipes, and portable fire extinguishers. The presence of a life safety feature, such as sprinklers or fire alarm devices, creates a reasonable expectation by the public that these safety features are functional. When systems are inoperable or taken out of service but the devices remain, they present a false sense of safety. Also, before taking any life safety features out of service, extreme care needs to be exercised to ensure that the feature is not required, was not originally provided as an alternative or equivalency, or is no longer required due to other new requirements in the current Code. It is not intended that the entire system or protection feature be removed. Instead, components such as sprinklers, initiating devices, notification appliances, standpipe hose, and exit systems should be removed to reduce the likelihood of relying on inoperable systems or features. 4. Add a new Chapter 5, as follows, and renumber the remaining chapter:. CHAPTER 5 PERFORMANCE-BASED OPTION 5.1* PRE-CONSTRUCTION DESIGN REQUIREMENTS Application. The requirements of this chapter shall apply to facilities designed to the performance-based option permitted by Section 4.3. (5000; draft) Goals and Objectives. The performance-based design shall meet the goals and objectives of this Code in accordance with Sections 4.1 and 4.2. (5000; draft) 5.1.3* Plan Submittal Documentation. When a performance-based design is submitted to the authority having jurisdiction for review and approval, the submitter shall document, in an approved format, each performance objective and applicable scenario, including any calculations methods or models, used in establishing the proposed design s fire and life safety performance. (1, 2000 ed.; 1-7.1) 5.1.4* Independent Review. The authority having jurisdiction shall be permitted to require an approved, independent third-party to review the proposed design and provide an evaluation of the design to the authority having jurisdiction at the expense of the owner. (5000; draft)

6 5.1.5 Sources of Data. Data sources shall be identified and documented for each input data requirement that must be met using a source other than a design scenario, an assumption, or a facility design specification. The degree of conservatism reflected in such data shall be specified, and a justification for the source shall be provided. Copies of all references relied upon by the performance based design to support assumptions, design features, or any other part of the design shall be made available to the authority having jurisdiction if requested. (5000 draft, NFPA 1 Log #371) Final Determination. The authority having jurisdiction shall make the final determination as to whether the performance objectives have been met. (1, 2000 ed.; 1-7.2) 5.1.7* Operations and Maintenance Manual. An approved operations and maintenance manual shall be provided to the authority having jurisdiction and the fire department, and shall be maintained at the facility in an approved location * Information Transfer to the Fire Service. Where a performancebased design is approved and used, the designer shall ensure that information regarding the operating procedures of the performance-based designed fire protection system is transferred to the local fire service for inclusion in the pre-fire plan * Design Feature Maintenance. The design features required for the facility to meet the performance goals and objectives shall be maintained by the property owner and readily accessible to the authority having jurisdiction for the life of the facility. The facility shall be maintained in accordance with all documented assumptions and design specifications. Any proposed changes or variations from the approved design shall be approved by the authority having jurisdiction prior to the actual change. Any approved changes to the original design shall be maintained in the same manner as the original design * Annual Certification. Where a performance-based design is approved and used, the property owner shall annually certify that the design features and systems have been maintained in accordance with the approved original performance-based design and assumptions and any subsequent approved changes or modifications to the original performance-based design General. A design shall meet the objectives specified in Section 4.2 if, for each design scenario, assumption, and design specification, the performance criteria of are met. (101: with fire deleted between design and scenario. ) Performance Criteria * Fire Conditions. No occupant who is not intimate with ignition or emergency response personnel performing search and rescue operations shall be exposed to instantaneous or cumulative untenable conditions. (101: 5.2.2) * Property Protection. The facility design shall limit the effects of any and all design scenarios from causing an unacceptable level of property damage * Mission Continuity. The facility design shall limit the effects of any and all design scenarios from causing an unacceptable interruption of the facility s mission Occupant Protection From Untenable Conditions. Means shall be provided to evacuate, relocate or defend in place occupants for sufficient time so that they are not exposed to instantaneous or cumulative untenable conditions from smoke, heat or flames. (5000, ROP) Emergency Responder Protection. Buildings shall be designed and constructed to reasonably prevent structural failure under fire conditions for sufficient time to enable fire fighters and emergency responders to conduct search and rescue operations. (5000, ROP) Occupant Protection From Structural Failure. Buildings shall be designed and constructed to reasonably prevent structural failure under fire conditions for sufficient time to protect the occupants. (5000, ROP) 5.3 RETAINED PRESCRIPTIVE REQUIREMENTS Systems and Features. All fire protection systems and features of the building shall comply with applicable NFPA standards for those systems and features. (5000, ROP) Electrical Systems. Electrical systems shall comply with applicable NFPA standards for those systems. (5000, ROP) Hazardous Materials A process hazard analysis and off-site consequence analysis shall be conducted where necessary to reasonably ensure that people and property are satisfactorily protected from dangerous conditions involving hazardous materials. The results of such analyses shall be considered when determining active and passive mitigation measures used in accomplishing the objective of (5000; , draft) Written procedures for pre-start up safety reviews, normal and emergency operations, management of change, emergency response and accident investigation shall be developed prior to beginning operations at a facility designed in accordance this section. Such procedures shall be developed with the participation of the affected employees. (5000; Chapter , draft) Special Definitions. A list of special terms used in this chapter follows: Alternative Calculation Procedure. See 3.x_ Data Conversion. See 3.x. Design Fire Scenario. See 3.x. Design Specifications. See 3.x. Design Team. See 3.x. Exposure Fire. See 3.x. Fire Model. See 3.x. Fire Scenario. See 3.x. Fuel Load. See 3.x. Incapacitation. See 3.x. Input Data Specification. See 3.x. Occupant Characteristics. See 3.x. Performance Criteria. See 3.x. Proposed Design. See 3.x. Safe Location. See 3.x. Safety Factor. See 3.x. Safety Margin. See 3.x. Sensitivity Analysis. See 3.x. Stakeholder. See 3.x. Uncertainty Analysis. See 3.x. Verification Method. See 3.x. (101:5-1.8) 5.2 PERFORMANCE CRITERIA General. The design shall comply with the following requirements in addition to the performance criteria of Section 5.2 and the methods of Sections 5.4 through 5.7: (1) Fundamental Requirements (2) Fire Drills (3) Smoking (4) Open Outdoor Fires, Incinerators, and Outdoor Fireplaces (5) Fire Lanes Exception: Where local conditions do not permit compliance with Section 3.5, a performance-based design shall be permitted subject to acceptance by the authority having jurisdiction. (6) Access Boxes (7) Fire Protection Markings (8) Vacant Buildings (9) Combustible Vegetation Means of Egress. The design shall comply with the following NFPA 101 requirements in addition to the performance criteria of Section 5.2 and the methods of Sections 5.4 through 5.8: (1) Changes in Level in Means of Egress (2) Guards (3) Doors (4) Stairs Exception: The provisions of , , , , and shall be exempted. (5) Ramps Exception: The provisions of , , and shall be exempted. (6) Fire Escape Ladders (7) Alternating Tread Devices (8) Capacity of Means of Egress 7.3 Exception: The provisions of and shall be exempted. (9) Impediments to Egress (10) Illumination of Means of Egress 7.8 (11) Emergency Lighting 7.9 (12) Marking of Means of Egress 7.10 (101:5.3.2) Equivalency. Equivalent designs for the features covered in the retained prescriptive requirements mandated by through shall be addressed in accordance with the equivalency provisions of Section 1.6. (5000, ROP)

7 5.4* DESIGN SCENARIOS General The proposed design shall be considered to meet the goals and objectives if it achieves the performance criteria for each required design scenario. The authority having jurisdiction shall approve the parameters involved with design scenarios. NFPA 1 November 2002 ROP Copyright, 2002 NFPA * Design scenarios shall be evaluated for each required scenario using a method acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction and appropriate for the conditions. Each scenario shall be as challenging and realistic as any that could realistically occur in the building * Scenarios selected as design scenarios shall include, but not be limited to those specified in through Design fire scenarios demonstrated by the design team to the satisfaction of the authority having jurisdiction as inappropriate for the building use and conditions shall not be required to be evaluated fully. Fire Design Scenario 8 shall not be required to be applied to fire protection systems for which both the level of reliability and the design performance in the absence of the system are acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction Each design scenario used in the performance-based design proposal shall be translated into input data specifications, as appropriate for the calculation method or model * Fire Design Scenario 6. Fire Design Scenario 6 is the most severe fire resulting from the largest possible fuel load characteristic of the normal operation of the building. This design scenario shall address the concern regarding a rapidly developing fire with occupants present * Fire Design Scenario 7. Fire Design Scenario 7 is an outside exposure fire. This design scenario shall address the concern regarding a fire starting at a location remote from the area of concern and either spreading into the area, blocking escape from the area, or developing untenable conditions within the area * Fire Design Scenario 8. Fire Design Scenario 8 is a fire originating in ordinary combustibles in a room or area with each passive or active fire protection system independently rendered ineffective. This set of design scenarios shall address concern regarding each fire protection system or fire protection feature, considered individually, being unreliable or becoming unavailable. This scenario shall not be required to be applied to fire protection systems for which both the level of reliability and the design performance in the absence of the system are acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction * Required Design Scenarios Hazardous Materials Hazardous Materials Design Scenario 1. Design Scenario 1 is an unauthorized release of hazardous materials from a single control area. This design scenario shall address the concern regarding the spread of hazardous conditions from the point of release Any design scenario specifications that the design analyses do not explicitly address or incorporate and that are, therefore, omitted from input data specifications shall be identified, and a sensitivity analysis of the consequences of that omission shall be performed Any design scenario specifications modified in input data specifications, because of limitations in test methods or other data generation procedures, shall be identified, and a sensitivity analysis of the consequences of the modification shall be performed Required Design Scenarios Fire * Fire Design Scenario 1. Fire Design Scenario 1 is an occupancyspecific Design Scenario representative of a typical fire for the occupancy. This design scenario shall explicitly account for the following: (1) Occupant activities (2) Number and location (3) Room size (4) Furnishings and contents (5) Fuel properties and ignition sources (6) Ventilation conditions The first item ignited and its location shall be explicitly defined * Fire Design Scenario 2. Fire Design Scenario 2 is an ultrafastdeveloping fire, in the primary means of egress, with interior doors open at the start of the fire. This design scenario shall address the concern regarding a reduction in the number of available means of egress * Fire Design Scenario 3. Fire Design Scenario 3 is a fire that starts in a normally unoccupied room that can potentially endanger a large number of occupants in a large room or other area. This design scenario shall address the concern regarding a fire starting in a normally unoccupied room and migrating into the space that can, potentially, hold the greatest number of occupants in the building * Fire Design Scenario 4. Fire Design Scenario 4 is a fire that originates in a concealed wall- or ceiling-space adjacent to a large occupied room. This design scenario shall address the concern regarding a fire originating in a concealed space that does not have either a detection system or suppression system and then spreading into the room within the building that can, potentially, hold the greatest number of occupants * Fire Design Scenario 5. Fire Design Scenario 5 is a slowly developing fire, shielded from fire protection systems, in close proximity to a high occupancy area. This design scenario shall address the concern regarding a relatively small ignition source causing a significant fire Hazardous Materials Design Scenario 2. Design Scenario 2 is an exposure fire on a location where hazardous materials are stored, used, handled, or dispensed. This design scenario shall address the concern regarding how a fire in a facility affects the safe storage, handling, or use of hazardous materials Hazardous Materials Design Scenario 3. Design Scenario 3 involves the application of an external factor to the hazardous material that is likely to result in a fire, explosion, toxic release, or other unsafe condition. This design scenario shall address the concern regarding the initiation of a hazardous materials event by the application of heat, shock, impact, or water onto a hazardous material being stored, used, handled, or dispensed in the facility * Design Hazardous Materials Scenario 4. Design scenario 4 involves an unauthorized discharge with each protection system independently rendered ineffective. This set of design hazardous materials scenarios shall address concern regarding each protection system or protection feature, considered individually, being unreliable or becoming unavailable. Exception:* This scenario shall not be required to be applied to protection systems for which both the level of reliability and the design performance in the absence of the system are acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction Required Design Scenarios Safety During Building Use * Building Use Design Scenario 1. Building Use Design Scenario 1 is an event in which the maximum occupant load is in the assembly building and an emergency event occurs blocking the principal exit/entrance to the building. This design scenario shall address the concern of occupants having to take alternative exit routes under crowded conditions. (5000, ROP) Building Use Design Scenario 2. Building Use Design Scenario 2 is a fire in an area of a building undergoing construction or demolition while the remainder of the building is occupied. The normal fire suppression system in the area undergoing construction or demolition has been taken out of service. This design scenario shall address the concern regarding the inoperability of certain building fire safety features during construction and demolition in a partially occupied building. (5000, ROP) 5.5 EVALUATION OF PROPOSED DESIGNS General. A proposed design s performance shall be assessed relative to each performance objective in Section 4.2 and each applicable scenario in Section 5.4, with the assessment conducted through the use of appropriate calculation methods. The authority having jurisdiction shall approve the choice of assessment methods Use. The design professional shall use the assessment methods to demonstrate that the proposed design will achieve the goals and objectives, as measured by the performance criteria in light of the safety margins and uncertainty analysis, for each scenario, given the assumptions.