Report on Proposals Copyright, NFPA NFPA 1 Report of the Committee on

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1 Report of the on Jennifer Nelson, AT&T - EH&S, NY [U] (Alt. to Brian J. Denk) James S. Peterkin, HLM Design, PA [U] Uniform Fire Code (Alt. to Thomas T. Bulow) Paul J. Pinigis, Gage-Babcock & Associates, Inc., VA [SE] Ronald R. Farr, Chair (Alt. to Thomas W. Jaeger) Alfredo M. Ramirez, Underwriters Laboratories Inc., IL [RT] Kalamazoo Township Fire Department, MI [E] (Alt. to Howard Hopper) Rep. International Fire Marshals Association Anthony Sanfilippo, Michigan Dept. of Consumer & Industry Services, MI [E] (Alt. to Ronald R. Farr) Chester W. Schirmer, Schirmer Engineering Corporation, NC [I] (Alt. to Carl F. Baldassarra) Rick Thornberry, The Code Consortium, Inc., CA [M] (Voting Alt. to W.R. Grace Rep.) Walter Smittle, Ripley, WV [SE] (Member Emeritus) Scott W. Adams, Park City Fire Service District, UT [E] Anthony C. Apfelbeck, Altamonte Springs Building/Fire Safety Division, FL [E] Rep. NFPA Architects, Engineers, & Building Officials Section Carl F. Baldassarra, Schirmer Engineering Corporation, IL [I] John F. Bender, Maryland Office of State Fire Marshal, MD [E] Thomas T. Bulow, Tucson, AZ [U] Rep. NFPA Health Care Section Jeffrey P. Collins, Palm Beach County Fire/Rescue, FL [E] Rep. NFPA Fire Service Section Brian J. Denk, Sara Lee Corporation, IL [U] Rep. NFPA Industrial Fire Protection Section Douglas S. Erickson, American Society for Healthcare Engineering, VI [U] Keith L. Farmer, The DuPont Company, DE [U] Robert Fash, Las Vegas Fire & Rescue, NV [E] Alfred J. Hogan, Reedy Creek Improvement District, FL [U] Howard Hopper, Underwriters Laboratories Inc., CA [RT] Thomas W. Jaeger, Gage-Babcock & Associates, Inc., VA [SE] Robert J. James, City of Bloomington, MN [E] Richard S. Kraus, Petroleum Safety Consultants, VA [U] Rep. American Petroleum Institute Michael J. Laderoute, MJL Associates, Inc., VA [M] Rep. Fire Equipment Manufacturersʼ Association James K. Lathrop, Koffel Associates, Inc., CT [SE] Ronald K. Mengel, Honeywell Fire Solutions/System Sensor, IL [M] Rep. National Electrical Manufacturers Association Wayne D. Moore, Hughes Associates, Inc., RI [M] Rep. Automatic Fire Alarm Association, Inc. Joseph L. Navarra, Pepco Holdings Inc., DC [U] Rep. Edison Electric Institute Kenneth R. Quick, Jr., City of Culver City Fire Department, CA [E] Rep. South Bay Section Fire Prevention Officer Association Robert Rowe, City of Downey Fire Department, CA [E] Rep. Western Fire Chiefs Association Jeffrey M. Shapiro, International Code Consultants, TX [M] Rep. The Chlorine Institute Randolph W. Tucker, The RJA Group, Inc., TX [SE] Wayne Waggoner, National Fire Sprinkler Association, Inc., TN [M] Peter J. Willse, GE Global Asset Protection Services, CT [I] Alternates Kenneth E. Bush, Maryland State Fire Marshals Office, MD [E] (Alt. to John F. Bender) John A. Davenport, West Point, VA [I] (Alt. to Peter J. Willse) Kenneth A. Ford, National Association of Home Builders, DC [U] (Voting Alt. to NAHB Rep.) Raymond A. Grill, The RJA Group, Inc., VA [SE] (Alt. to Randolph W. Tucker) William Hopple, Tyco/SimplexGrinnell, CA [M] (Alt. to Ronald K. Mengel) Kevin J. Kelly, National Fire Sprinkler Association, NY [M] (Alt. to Wayne Waggoner) Roy C. (Chuck) Kimball, Brooks Equipment Company, Inc., NC [M] (Alt. to Michael J. Laderoute) William E. Koffel, Koffel Associates, Inc., MD [SE] (Alt. to James K. Lathrop) Michael E. Lyden, The Chlorine Institute, Inc., VA [M] (Alt. to Jeffrey M. Shapiro) Nonvoting Robert Bourke, Lynn Fire Department, MA [E] Rep. Northeast Regional Fire Code Development James E. Everitt, Tualatin Valley Fire/Rescue, OR [E] Rep. Western Regional Fire Code Development Jon Nisja, Minnesota State Fire Marshal Division, MN [E] Rep. North Central Regional Fire Code Development Eddie Philips, City of East Ridge Fire and Police, TN [E] Rep. Southeast Regional Fire Code Development Staff Liaison: Martha H. Curtis Scope: This shall have primary responsibility for documents on a Fire Prevention Code that includes appropriate administrative provisions, to be used with the National Fire Codes for the installation, operation, and maintenance of buildings, structures and premises for the purpose of providing safety to life and property from fire and explosion. This includes development of requirements for, and maintenance of, systems and equipment for fire control and extinguishment. Safety to life of occupants of buildings and structures is under the primary jurisdiction of the on Safety to Life. This list represents the membership at the time the was balloted on the text of this edition. Since that time, changes in the membership may have occurred. A key to classifications is found at the front of this book. The Technical on Uniform Fire Code is presenting two Reports, as follows: Report I: The Technical proposes for adoption, amendments to NFPA 1, Uniform Fire Code, 2003 edition. NFPA 1, Uniform Fire Code is published in Volume 1 of the 2003 National Fire Codes and in separate pamphlet form. NFPA 1 has been submitted to letter ballot of the Technical on Uniform Fire Code, which consists of 29 voting members. The results of the balloting, after circulation of any negative votes, can be found in the report. Report II: The Technical proposes withdrawal of NFPA 230, Standard on Fire Protection of Storage, 2003 edition. NFPA 230, Fire Protection of Storage is published in Volume 7 of the 2003 National Fire Codes and in separate pamphlet form. NFPA 230 has been submitted to letter ballot of the Technical on Uniform Fire Code, which consists of 29 voting members. The results of the balloting, after circulation of any negative votes, can be found in the report. 1-1

2 NFPA Log# 19 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept in Principle 1-1 Log# CP2 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept ( ) (Entire Document) Submitter : Technical on Uniform Fire Code Recommendation: The Technical on Uniform Fire Code proposes a partial revision to the 2003 edition of NFPA 1, Uniform Fire Code, to include updating text extracted from newer editions of NFPA codes and standards than were included in the previous edition of NFPA 1 UFC. This will include updating the editions of the referenced codes and standards in Chapter 2 of the Code. The source document extracts that will be updated in this Code cycle include the following documents: NFPA 20, 1999 edition will be updated to NFPA 20, 2003 edition NFPA 30, 2000 edition will be updated to NFPA 30, 2003 edition NFPA 30A, 2000 edition will be updated to NFPA 30A, 2003 edition NFPA 33, 2000 edition will be updated to NFPA 33, 2003 edition NFPA 45, 2000 edition will be updated to NFPA 45, 2004 edition NFPA 51B, 1999 edition will be updated to NFPA 51B, 2003 edition NFPA 55, 2003 edition will be updated to NFPA 55, 2005 edition NFPA 58, 2001 edition will be updated to NFPA 58, 2004 edition NFPA 70, 2002 edition will be updated to NFPA 70, 2005 edition NFPA 96, 2001 edition will be updated to NFPA 96, 2004 edition NFPA 101, 2003 edition will be updated to NFPA 101, 2006 edition NFPA 102, 1995 edition will be updated to NFPA 101/5000, 2006 edition NFPA 241, 2000 edition will be updated to NFPA 241, 2004 edition NFPA 303, 2000 edition will be updated to NFPA 303, 2005 edition NFPA 307, 2000 edition will be updated to NFPA 307, 2005 edition NFPA 312, 2000 edition will be updated to NFPA 312, 2005 edition NFPA 430, 2000 edition will be updated to NFPA 430, 2004 edition NFPA 1124, 2003 edition will be updated to NFPA 1124, 2005 edition. Substantiation: The directs that the text extracted from NFPA Codes and standards into NFPA 1, UFC, be updated to the newest edition of those NFPA codes and standards in accordance with the NFPA Extract Policy. Meeting Action: Accept Submitter : Eddie Phillips, Southern Regional Fire Code Development Recommendation: Add a new section to read: When the adopted building code requires a certificate of occupancy, the certificate of occupancy shall not be issued until the AHJ for fire code enforcement has ensured compliance with this code. Substantiation: NFPA 1 does not currently require the AHJ, who enforces NFPA 1, approve the certificate of occupancy prior to issuance. This creates a customer service problem where a certificate of occupancy is issued and then the AHJ enforcing NFPA 1 conducts an inspection and cites code violations. This code change will ensure that the issuance of a certificate of occupancy is the jurisdictionʼs final approval for the occupancy of a building. The bottom line is this change will promote good customer service and coordination between the code documents. Meeting Action: Accept in Principle See Action on Proposal 1-60 (Log#102). Statement: The believes their action on Proposal (Log#102) accomplishes the submitterʼs intent. Ballot Results: Affirmative: 27 Negative: 2 Explanation of Negative: FORD: We concur with the reasons substantiating the negative vote on the first round ballot. Furthermore, this amendment simply adds a costly administrative burden for the AHJ, the construction industry and ultimately consumers. In many jurisdictions it will also lead to confusion over the authority of respective roles. Conceptually, the amendment has some merit but it is simply not practical. Any problems this amendment is attempting to address, which have not been well defined, are best addressed at the jurisdictional level. SHAPIRO: Who signs a certificate of occupancy for new construction is a local administrative issue that is best left to jurisdictional managers. Many jurisdictions donʼt have adequate inspection resources for the fire code to reasonable sign off on all new certificates of occupancy, and the proposed requirement would lead to unnecessary delays or unnecessary liability if a C/ O is signed by a fire official without proper verification of fire code 1-2 Log# 116 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept compliance. (Entire Document) Submitter : Eddie Phillips, Southern Regional Fire Code Development 1-6 Log# 20 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept (1.7.2) Recommendation: Revise the printing format of NFPA 1 to provide page breaks at the end of each Chapter. Substantiation: Editorial and layout change in order to provide for better readability. Meeting Action: Accept Submitter : Eddie Phillips, Southern Regional Fire Code Development Recommendation: Add a new section and renumber the remaining: Minimum Qualifications to Enforce this Code. The AHJ shall adopt minimum qualifications for all persons assigned the responsibility of administering and enforcing this code. Substantiation: Recent events have clearly shown that ensuring competency 1-3 Log# 142 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept of code officials is just as important, if not more important, than having a (Entire Document) comprehensive code document in place. This section will ensure the AHJ Submitter : Bill Murphy, Santa Fe Springs Fire Department Recommendation: Create page breaks between chapters. Substantiation: Chapter transitions on the same page, such as found on page 20, where Chapter 1 concludes and Chapter 2 begins, creates unnecessary confusion locating information. Meeting Action: Accept addresses minimum qualification requirements. The specific qualification requirements are left to the local jurisdiction based on the unique local conditions and environment. Meeting Action: Accept Statement: The believes that further explanation is needed to guide the AHJ in determining qualifications. Comment on Affirmative SHAPIRO: The committee action recorded in the draft ROP ballot is not 1-4 Log# 143 UFC-AAA Final Action: Reject accurate. This proposal was actually assigned Accept in Principle. The (Entire Document) action approved by the committee was to keep the proposed text and add an Submitter : Bill Murphy, Santa Fe Springs Fire Department annex reference referring to the new annex that will be added based on Propoosal (Log #114). Recommendation: Provide references to NFPA 5000 at the end of each section as applicable as is provided with references to other NFPA standards. Substantiation: References to the building code will greatly simplify 1-7 Log# 178 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept integrating both documents. ( (New) ) Statement: The Uniform Fire Code intends to extract from NFPA 101, Life Safety Code, for its life safety requirements. If the NFPA 1 UFC extracts material from NFPA 5000 or any other NFPA code or standard, the extract policy requires that the text be marked as extract at the end of each section, as is currently done throughout the document. Recommendation: Add a new (new) The cost of standby fire personnel shall be at no cost to the AHJ. Substantiation: The current wording does not place the responsibility for the cost of the standby personnel on the owner or agent of the property or event. Meeting Action: Accept 1-2

3 The Board of Appeals shall not have the authority to waive the 1-8 Log# 21 UFC-AAA Final Action: Reject requirements of this Code. ( ) Statement: The agreed with the submitterʼs Submitter : Jon Nisja, Northcentral Regional Fire Code Development Recommendation: Add a new section to read, renumber the remaining: Fire Watch. (a) Fire watch personnel shall be familiar with the facility. recommendation, but believed that ʻequivalencyʼ should not be included in the wording. The revisions to the proposed text make it consistent with the NFPA MOS. (b) Fire watch personnel shall have a method of notifying occupants and the 1-11 Log# 23 UFC-AAA Final Action: Reject fire department in the event of an emergency and shall be instructed on (1.11.4) occupant and fire department notification procedures. (c) A walk-through of the facility shall be conducted every thirty minutes. (d) A log shall be maintained of each tour of the facility under fire watch. (e) The fire watch shall watch for fires. Any fire, smoke, or other sign of fire shall result in notification of the occupants and the fire department. (f) The sole duty of fire watch personnel shall be to watch for and report the occurrence of fire When approved by the AHJ and subsequent to notification of the facility occupants and the fire department, fire watch personnel may, if properly trained and equipped, extinguish small fires. Extinguishment shall only be attempted when the fires are obviously within the capabilities of the personnel and the equipment available. If the fire watch determines that the fire is not within the capacity of the equipment or within the scope of training, he or she shall evacuate the facility immediately. Recommendation: Delete Substantiation: The current wording is unclear as to what is useful. Many states have record retention laws that should be followed. Statement: The believes that the existing wording is needed. Records are required to be kept and this statement reinforces that requirement. In those cases where state or other laws supersede these requirements, they can be modified at the local level. Substantiation: The proposal provides code text on the duties of a fire watch 1-12 Log# 24 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept and the actions that must be taken. (1.12) Statement: The believes that the submitterʼs proposed requirements would be overly restrictive. A fire watch could not perform any other functions or duties related to crowd control and other emergency duties. The did not agree that there was a need for the degree of specificity for a fire watch that was provided in the submitterʼs proposal. Recommendation: Revise to read: 1.12 Permits and Approvals The AHJ shall be authorized to establish and issue permits, certificates, notices, and approvals or orders pertaining to fire control and fire hazards conditions, operations or materials hazardous to life or property pursuant to Section Substantiation: The terms orders and notices are deleted since this section is 1-9 Log# 22 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept related to approvals and allowances. Orders and notices are more (1.8.2, 1.8.3, 1.8.4) appropriately handled in Section Recommendation: Revise to read: Controlling Scene. During any emergency described in 1.8.1, including the investigation of the cause of such emergency, the incident commander or authorized representative shall be permitted to control or prohibit the approach to the scene of such emergency by any vehicle, vessel, or person Obstruction of Operations. No person shall obstruct the operations of the Also, the permits identified in this code in Section 1.12 represent controls and hazards beyond fire control and fire hazards. They also represent such things as health hazards and explosion hazards and control. The proposal aligns the text with the list of permits and approvals the AHJ is authorized to issue. Meeting Action: Accept fire department or disobey any command of the incident commander or 1-13 Log# CP27 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept authorized representative or any part thereof, or any order of a police officer (1.12) assisting the fire department Scene Barrier. The incident commander or authorized representative in charge of an emergency scene shall have the authority to establish barriers to control access in the vicinity of such emergency and to place, or cause to be placed, ropes, guards, barricades, or other obstructions across any street or alley to delineate such emergency scene barrier. Substantiation: Provides better guidance that the incident commander or when they are not available or they delegate their authority to someone else. Meeting Action: Accept Submitter : Technical on Uniform Fire Code Recommendation: Globally, wherever reference to appears in the existing Code, replace it with a reference to Section Substantiation: The believes that the revised reference to the permit section is broader and more appropriate for code enforcement purposes. The action will allow the Code user the flexibility of using the discretionary language of Section Meeting Action: Accept 1-10 Log# 99 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept in Principle 1-14 Log# 12 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept in Principle ( (New) ) (1.12.3) Submitter : Eddie Phillips, Southern Regional Fire Code Development Recommendation: Add a new section to read: The board shall be permitted to grant modifications, through the procedures outlined for equivalency in Section 1.4 of this Code. The Board of Appeals shall not have the authority to waive the requirements of this code. Substantiation: The current language in section 1.10 somewhat leaves open to debate the authority of the Board of Appeals in the area of issuing waivers to the code. Based on the spirit and intent of 1.10 it appears that the Board of Appeals can issue interpretations that vary from the AHJʼs ruling. It is not intended to allow the Board of Appeals to issue waivers. Interpretations and waivers are separate and distinct issues and have dramatically different implications. If a waiver needs to be issued, then the proper route is a change to the underlying code language. Meeting Action: Accept in Principle Add new and to existing to read: The board shall be permitted to grant alternatives or modifications, through the procedures outlined in Section 1.4 of this Code. Submitter : Anthony C. Apfelbeck, City of Altamonte Springs Fire Department Recommendation: Insert a new section as follows and renumber the remaining sections: Approvals by Other Authorities Having Jurisdiction. The authority having jurisdiction shall have the authority to require that the laws, rules, and regulations of other regulatory agencies having jurisdiction shall be met before a permit is issued or an approval is granted. The authority having jurisdiction shall have the authority to require evidence in writing to show that other regulatory agencies having jurisdiction over the design, construction, alteration, repair, equipment, maintenance, process and relocation of structures have issued appropriate approvals The authority having jurisdiction shall not be held responsible for enforcement of the regulations of such other regulatory agencies unless he/she is specifically mandated to enforce that agencies regulations. Substantiation: This section allows for the AHJ to cooperate with other agency approvals to ensure a coordinated approach to the construction and use of properties. This proposed language is similar to the language in NFPA 5000, section

4 Meeting Action: Accept in Principle 1. Add a new to read: Approvals by Other Authorities Having Jurisdiction Log# 26 UFC-AAA (1.12.5) Final Action: Accept The AHJ shall have the authority to require that the laws, rules, and regulations of other regulatory agencies having jurisdiction shall be met before a permit is issued or an approval is granted The AHJ shall have the authority to require evidence in writing to show that other regulatory agencies having jurisdiction over the design, construction, alteration, repair, equipment, maintenance, process and relocation of structures have issued appropriate approvals The AHJ shall not be held responsible for enforcement of the regulations of such other regulatory agencies unless specifically mandated to enforce that agencies regulations. 2. Renumber existing through as through Recommendation: Revise to read: Any permit issued under this Code shall not take the place of any other approval, certificate, license or permit required by any other regulations or laws of the jurisdiction. Substantiation: Text added to correlate with terms is section Meeting Action: Accept Statement: The agrees with the submitterʼs recommendation and is adding a revised new paragraph to the Code in a format that will be consistent with the NFPA MOS. The phrase He/she is is not permitted by the NFPA MOS Log# 27 UFC-AAA (1.12.6) Final Action: Accept Ballot Results: Affirmative: 27 Negative: 2 Explanation of Negative: FORD: We concur with the reasons substantiating the negative vote on the first round ballot. Furthermore, this amendment simply adds a costly administrative burden for the AHJ, the construction industry and ultimately consumers. In many jurisdictions it will also lead to confusion over the authority of respective roles. Conceptually, the amendment has some merit but it is simply not practical. Any problems this amendment is attempting to address, which have not been well defined, are best addressed at the jurisdictional level. SHAPIRO: The proposal is unreasonable broad in scope. Many regulatory Recommendation: Revise to read: Where additional permits, approvals, certificates or licenses are required by other agencies, approval shall be obtained from those other agencies. Substantiation: Other agencies may require approvals, certificates or licenses rather than permits and these should also be specified. Meeting Action: Accept agencies govern aspects of building construction and operations that are beyond the scope of the fire code, and requiring an owner to provide proof to the fire code official demonstrating approvals by all other regulatory agencies would be inappropriate. Theoretically, this section would allow the fire official to be the final approval agency on any structure or operation, and although it is recognized that there may be cases where additional authority is necessary, text of this section needs to be more focused Log# 100 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept in Principle (1.12.3) Submitter : Eddie Phillips, Southern Regional Fire Code Development Recommendation: Add a new section and renumber the remaining: Approvals by Other Authorities Having Jurisdiction. The authority having jurisdiction shall have the authority to require that the laws, rules, and regulations of other regulatory agencies having jurisdiction shall be met before a permit is issued or an approval is granted. The authority having jurisdiction shall have the authority to require evidence in writing to show that other regulatory agencies having jurisdiction over the design, construction, alteration, repair, equipment, maintenance, process and relocation of structures have issued appropriate approvals. Substantiation: This section allows for the AHJ to cooperate with other agency approvals to ensure a coordinated approach to the construction and use of properties. This proposed language is similar to the language in NFPA 5000 section Meeting Action: Accept in Principle See Action on Proposal 1-24 (Log #12). Statement: The believes its action on Proposal 1-24 (Log #12) meets the submitterʼs intent Log# 25 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept ( ) Recommendation: Revise to read: Such violations shall be cause for immediate suspension or revocation of any related approvals, licenses, certificates or permits issued by the jurisdiction. Substantiation: The proposal deletes the term licenses since the AHJ is not authorized to issue licenses in Section and the term approvals is added for consistency with Section Meeting Action: Accept Log# 28 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept in Principle ( (6)) Recommendation: Revise to read: Permits shall be issued by the AHJ and shall bear the name and signature of the AHJ or that of the AHJʼs designated representative. In addition, the permit shall indicate the following: (1) Operation or activities for which the permit is issued (2) Address or location where the operation or activity is to be conducted (3) Name and address of the permittee (4) Permit number and date of issuance (5) Period of validity (6) Inspection requirements Conditions necessary to maintain the validity of the permit Substantiation: The term inspection requirements is a term more appropriately used for the AHJʼs inspection personnel involved in conducting compliance inspections. The proposal adds text that requires the permit to include the specific conditions that must be maintained by the permit holder for the permit to remain valid. Meeting Action: Accept in Principle Revise (6) to read: Permits shall be issued by the AHJ and shall bear the name and signature of the AHJ or that of the AHJʼs designated representative. In addition, the permit shall indicate the following: (1) Operation or activities for which the permit is issued (2) Address or location where the operation or activity is to be conducted (3) Name and address of the permittee (4) Permit number and date of issuance (5) Period of validity (6) Inspection and other permit requirements Statement: The believes that the submitterʼs proposed text is too broad. It would require the AHJ to list all the conditions of the permit, which could be the entire Code. In revising the submitter text, the ʼs intent is to consider those additional conditions placed on the permit approval process that are in addition to the requirements in the Code. Comment on Affirmative SHAPIRO: According to my notes, the action recorded in the ROP ballot is not accurate. I recorded that the committee revised the text of item 6 to read inspection requirements and other permit conditions. The text recorded in the draft ballot although similar, is not as clear Log# 29 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept in Principle ( (a)) Recommendation: Revise the following to read as shown on the following page:

5 Carnivals and Fairs To conduct the events a carnival or fair 1-22 Log# 118 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept in Principle (Table (a) and (d)) Cellulose Nitrate Film To for storage, handlinge, or use or display. Submitter : Rick Thornberry, The Code Consortium, Inc. / Rep. American Cutting and Welding Add reference to Pyrotechnics Association Dust-Producing Recommendation: Revise Tables (a) and (d) as follows: Fruit Ripening Hot Work Operations Refrigeration Equipment Special Outdoor EventsCarnivals, and Fairs To operate a grain elevator, flour mill, or plant pulverizing aluminum, coal, cocoa, magnesium, spices, or sugar, etc. or other similar combustible material To operate a fruit-ripening process For To conduct hot work. For additional permit requirements for hot work operations, see To install or operate a regulated mechanical refrigeration unit or system For the location and operation of special outdoor eventcarnivals, and fairs Table (a) Permit Requirements Operations and Permit Required Cross Reference Materials Consumer Fireworks (1.4G) For the sale, on-site handling, and manufacture of consumer fireworks (1.4G). and For the storage of consumer fireworks (1.4G) in excess of the amount listed in Table (d) Section No Tar Kettles For placement of a tar kettle, a permit placement shall be obtained prior to the placement of a tar kettle. Table (d) Permit Amounts for Hazardous Materials Type of Material Amount Consumer fireworks (1.4G) Any amount 10 lb (4.5kg) Substantiation: Many of the revision are editorial and keep language consistent throughout the section. Refrigeration equipment should depend on the type of refrigeration. Meeting Action: Accept in Principle Revise existing Table (a) as follows: Carnivals and Fairs - Revise the text under permit required to read: To conduct a carnival or fair. Cellulose Nitrate Film - Revise the text under permit required to read: To store, handle, use or display. Cutting and Welding Operation - Add an additional reference to in the cross reference column Dust-Producing Operations - Revise the text under permit required to read: To operate a grain elevator, flour mill, starch mill, feed mill, or plant pulverizing aluminum, coal, cocoa, magnesium, spices, sugar, or other similar combustible material. Fruit Ripening - Add a new line with the words Fruit Ripening under the heading of operations and materials and the wording To operate a fruitripening process under the column permit required. Hot Work Operations - Revise the text under permit required to read: To conduct hot work. Refrigeration Equipment - Revise the text under permit required to read: To install or operate a mechanical refrigeration unit or system regulated by this Code. Special Outdoor Events - Delete the words carnivals and fairs from the operations and materials column and revise the text under permit required to read: For the location and operation of special outdoor events Tar Kettles - Revise the text under permit required to read: To place a tar kettle, a permit shall be obtained prior to the placement of a tar kettle. Statement: The accepted the submitterʼs recommendation but revised them for editorial consistency with the NFPA MOS Log# 81 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept (Table (a)) Submitter : Scott W. Adams, Park City Fire Service District / Rep. UFC/ WFCA Recommendation: Add to Table: Liquid Petroleum Gases 1. To store, use, handle or dispense LP-gas of 125 gals aggregate capacity or greater. Substantiation: The current text in Table (a) for LPG does not indicate a quantity of LPG requiring a permit. Consequently, the reader of the document is left to believe that any amount of LPG is required to have a permit. Meeting Action: Accept 1-5 Substantiation: Section Storage of the 2000 Uniform Fire Code addresses this very same issue. The Uniform Fire Code felt that the 10 pound trigger for a permit for the storage of consumer fireworks (1.4G) was appropriate, albeit it is an arbitrary number. We believe it is reasonable to rely upon that ʼs judgment in incorporating this limit into the NFPA 1 Uniform Fire Code since the Uniform Fire Code was merged into the NFPA 1 Fire Prevention Code during the last revision cycle. It should be noted that this threshold amount will only apply to the storage of consumer fireworks (1.4G). This amount is approximately equivalent to 1 or 2 cases of consumer fireworks in their finished form including retail packaging. We are concerned that not having this reasonable threshold amount for requiring permits to store consumer fireworks could subject consumers who purchase reasonable quantities of consumer fireworks and store them temporarily until they are discharged to celebrate July 4th or New Yearʼs Eve to having to obtain a permit. That is not practical or reasonable and would certainly result in an enforcement nightmare. If one looks at the various threshold amounts specified in these tables, one will see that the 10 pound limit is basically consistent with the lowest threshold quantity for other hazardous materials. In fact, flammable solids, which are definitely more hazardous than consumer fireworks, have a threshold amount of 100 pounds. Even Level 2 and Level 3 aerosols have a threshold limit of 500 pounds net weight. On that basis, we believe that the 10 pound threshold proposed for consumer fireworks to trigger the requirement for a storage permit is very conservative and certainly should be suitable for this code. Meeting Action: Accept in Principle 1. Revise Table (a) and Table (d) as requested. 2. Add footnote d from Table (a) to Table (d). Statement: The agrees with the submitterʼs recommendation to revise the tables, but notes that only the footnote is needed with Table (d). Ballot Results: Affirmative: 28 Negative: 1 Explanation of Negative: HOGAN: The committee should be working for a Ban on Consumer Fireworks, not supporting the industry for any amount of this hazardous, dangerous product that injures and kills Log# CP28 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept (Tables (b), (c), (d)) Submitter : Technical on Uniform Fire Code Recommendation: 1. In Table (b), delete the bracketed text following Flammable which reads except cyrogenic fluids and LP-Gas 2. In Table (c), add Toxic/ to the current line for Highly Toxic. 3. In Table (d), add a new line for Highly Toxic Solids - Any amount, 4. In Table (d), add a new line for Organic Peroxides - Class V - Not Required. 5. In Table (d), add a new line for Organic Peroxides - Unclassified Detonatable - Any amount Substantiation: 1. This revision removes the exception for cryogenic fluids and LP-gas. This is based on Table (c) for cryogenic fluids covering the items and the lack of a MAQ amount for the LP-gas as currently written, which requires a permit for LP at any amount. 2. Consistentcy with terminology used in the Code.

6 3. This action correlates the permit requirement with other highly toxic materials in differing states. 4. This action revises the only listed material from Table (a) and (b) that was not included in the table on permits and it was determined to reduce confusion it would be identified as not required. 5. This revision make the entry consistent with the Table (a) and (b) classifications. Meeting Action: Accept Line-Type Detector. A detector in which detection is continuous along a path. (secondary) NFPA 1 UFC, 2003, ed. Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). A form, provided by manufacturers and compounders (blenders) of chemicals, containing information about chemical composition, physical and chemical properties, health and safety hazards, emergency response, and waste disposal of the material. (preferred) NFPA 472, 2002, ed. Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). Written or printed material concerning a hazardous material that is prepared in accordance with the provisions of OSHA 29 CFR (secondary) NFPA 1 UFC, 2003, ed. Private Building. Any building or that portion of a building that is normally 1-24 Log# CP3 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept not frequented by, and not open to, the public. (preferred) NFPA 5000, 2002, (2.2 (New), 2.3, 3.3.x (New)) ed. Submitter : Technical on Uniform Fire Code Recommendation: 1. Add a new Section 2.2 to read: 2.2 Reference Codes. Building Code - NFPA 5000 Building Construction and Safety Code Electrical Code - NFPA 70, National Electrical Code Mechanical Code - UMC, Uniform Mechanical Code Plumbing Code - UPC, Uniform Plumbing Code 2. Renumber existing Section 2.2 through to Section 2.3 through Revise the heading for existing Section 2.2 renumbered as Section 2.3 and delete references to NFPA 70 and NFPA 5000 from Section 2.3: 2.3 Other NFPA Publications. 4. Add the following definitions to 3.3.x for the following terms: 3.3.x Building Code. The building code referenced in Section x Electrical Code. The electrical code referenced in Section x Mechanical Code. The mechanical code referenced in Section x Plumbing Code. The plumbing code referenced in Section Where NFPA 1 UFC has a reference to any building code, mechanical code, plumbing code, or electrical code, insert the following wording in place of the specific reference: Building Code Mechanical Code Plumbing Code Electrical Code Substantiation: The action is needed to comply with the Standard Council Policy in referencing the C3 documents. Meeting Action: Accept Private Building. A building or the portion of a building that normally is not frequented by or open to the public. (secondary) NFPA 1 UFC, 2003, ed. Professional Engineer. A person licensed to practice engineering in a jurisdiction, subject to all laws and limitations imposed by the jurisdiction. (preferred) NFPA 5000, 2002, ed. Professional Engineer. An individual technically and legally qualified to practice the profession of engineering. (secondary) NFPA 1 UFC, 2003, ed. Substantiation: Adoption of preferred definitions will assist the user by providing consistent meaning of defined terms throughout the National Fire Codes. Meeting Action: Accept in Principle in Part 1. Take actions on the definitions as follows: Alarm. Retain the current definition. Flame Spread Rating. Delete the existing NFPA 1 UFC definition. Handling. Retain the current definition. High Hazard. Retain the current definition. Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health (IDLH). Retain the current definition. Inert Gas. Retain the current definition. Line-Type Detector. Retain the current definition. Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). Retain the current definition. Private Building. Retain the current definition. Professional Engineer. Retain the current definition. 2. Update all other definitions that are extracted to the latest edition of the extract document. Statement: 1. The reasons for the selected definition are shown below: Alarm. As used in the Code, an alarm is more than an off-standard or abnormal condition. The intends to retain its existing definition in NFPA 1 UFC as it relates to requirements in the Code Log# CP1 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept in Principle in Part Flame Spread Rating. The term is being deleted as it is only used in 3 annex (Chapter 3 Definitions (GOT)) Submitter : Technical on Uniform Fire Code Recommendation: Adopt the preferred definitions from the NFPA Glossary of Terms for the following terms: Alarm. An audible or visible signal indicating an off-standard or abnormal condition. (preferred) NFPA 97, 2003, ed. Alarm. A warning of danger. (secondary) NFPA 1 UFC, 2003, ed. Flame Spread Rating. A relative measurement of the surface burning characteristics of building materials. (preferred) NFPA 801, 2003, ed. Flame Spread Rating. The comparative performance of fire travel over the surface of a material when tested in accordance with the provisions of NFPA 255, Standard Method of Test of Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials. (secondary) NFPA 1 UFC, 2003, ed. Handling. The deliberate movement of material in containers by any means paragraphs extracted from NFPA 101, and its is well defined at the point of use. The term is not defined in NFPA 101. Handling. The notes that not all materials that are handled are in containers. The intends to retain its existing definition in NFPA 1 UFC as it relates to requirements in the Code. High Hazard. The intends to retain its existing definition in NFPA 1 UFC as it relates to requirements in the Code. Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health (IDLH). The existing definition in NFPA 1 UFC is more complete, as it includes the 30-minute time frame which is the basis for determining whether an atmosphere is immediately dangerous to life and health. The intends to retain its existing definition in NFPA 1 UFC as it relates to requirements in the Code. Inert Gas. The intends to retain its existing definition in NFPA 1 UFC as it relates to requirements in the Code. Line-Type Detector. The second sentence of the definition has been moved to to a point of storage or use. (preferred) NFPA 55, 2003, ed. the annex in accordance with the MOS. The intends to retain its existing definition in NFPA 1 UFC as it relates to requirements in the Code. Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). The intends to retain its existing definition in NFPA 1 UFC as it relates to requirements in the Code. Private Building. The intends to retain its existing definition in NFPA 1 UFC as it relates to requirements in the Code. Professional Engineer. The intends to retain its existing definition in NFPA 1 UFC as it relates to requirements in the Code. 2. This action updates definitions in Sections 3.3 and 3.4 that are currently identified as being extracted from other NFPA Codes & Standards, and are not addressed by other proposals accepted by the TC. It does not address definitions that are not specifically identified as extracts. Handling. The deliberate movement of material by any means to a point of storage or use. (secondary) NFPA 1, 2003, ed. High Hazard. Contents that are likely to burn with extreme rapidity or from which explosions are likely. (preferred) NFPA 520, 1999, ed. High Hazard. High hazard contents include materials defined as hazardous materials in , whether stored, used or handled. (secondary) NFPA 1 UFC, 2003, ed. Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health (IDLH). Any condition that would do one of the following: (a) Pose an immediate or delayed threat to life; (b) Cause irreversible adverse health effects; (c) Interfere with an individualʼs ability to escape unaided from a hazardous environment. (preferred) NFPA 1670, 1999, ed. Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health (IDLH). A concentration of airborne contaminants, normally expressed in parts per million (ppm) or milligrams per cubic meter, that represents the maximum level from which a person could escape within 30 minutes without any escape-impairing symptoms or irreversible health effects. (secondary) NFPA 1 UFC, 2003, ed. Inert Gas. Any gas that is nonflammable, chemically inactive, noncontaminating for the use intended, and oxygen deficient to the extent required. (preferred) NFPA 69, 2002, ed. Inert Gas. Any gas that is nonflammable, nonreactive, and noncontaminating. (secondary) NFPA 1 UFC, 2003, ed. Line-Type Detector. A device in which detection is continuous along a path. Typical examples are rate-of-rise pneumatic tubing detectors, projected beam smoke detectors, and heat-sensitive cable. (preferred) NFPA 72, 2002, ed Log# CP31 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept in Principle in Part (Chapter 3 Definitions (Hazardous Material related)) Submitter : Technical on Uniform Fire Code Recommendation: Adopt the preferred definitions from the NFPA Glossary of Terms for the following terms: Bulk Oxygen System. A bulk oxygen system is an assembly of equipment, such as oxygen storage containers, pressure regulators, safety devices, vaporizers, manifolds, and interconnecting piping, that has a storage capacity of more than 20,000 ft3 (566 m3) of oxygen (NTP) including unconnected

7 reserves on hand at the site. The bulk oxygen system terminates at the point Exhausted Enclosure. An appliance or piece of equipment that consists of where oxygen at service pressure first enters the supply line. The oxygen a top, a back, and two sides providing a means of local exhaust for capturing containers may be stationary or movable, and the oxygen may be stored as gas gases, fumes, vapors, and mists. [5000:3.3] or liquid. [50:1.3] Exhausted Enclosure. An appliance or piece of equipment that consists Bulk Oxygen System. See (secondary) NFPA 1 UFC, 2003, ed. of a top, a back, and two sides that provides a means of local exhaust for Ceiling Limit. The maximum concentration of an airborne contaminant to capturing gases, fumes, vapors, and mists. [55:3.3] (secondary) NFPA 1 UFC, which one can be exposed. (preferred) NFPA 5000, 2002, ed. 2003, ed. Ceiling Limit. The maximum concentration of an airborne contaminant Explosion. The bursting or rupture of an enclosure or a container due to to which a person might be exposed. The ceiling limits utilized are those the development of internal pressure from a deflagration. [69:3.3] (preferred) published in 29 CFR (secondary) NFPA 1 UFC, 2003, ed. NFPA 69, 2002 Combustible Liquid. Any liquid that has a closed-cup flash point at or Explosion. The bursting or rupture of an enclosure or a container due to the above 100 F (37.8 C), as determined by the test procedures and apparatus development of internal pressure from a deflagration. [68:1.4] (secondary) set forth in Combustible liquids are classified as Class II or Class III NFPA 1 UFC, 2003, ed. as follows: (1) Class II Liquid - any liquid that has a flash point at or above Explosive Material. Any explosive, blasting agent, emulsion explosive, 100 F (37.8 C) and below 140 F (60 C); (2) Class IIIA - any liquid that has a water gel, or detonator. [495:3.3] flash point at or above 140 F (60 C), but below 200 F (93 C); (3) Class IIIB Explosive Material*. Any chemical compound, mixture, or device, the - any liquid that has a flash point at or above 200 F (93 C). [30:3.3] primary or common purpose of which is to function by explosion. [5000:3.3] Combustible Liquid. A combustible liquid shall be defined as any liquid (secondary) NFPA 1 UFC, 2003, ed. that has a closed-cup flash point at or above 100 F (37.8 C), as determined by Fireworks. Any composition or device for the purpose of producing a the test procedures and apparatus set forth in of NFPA 30. Combustible visible or an audible effect by combustion, deflagration, or detonation, and liquids shall be classified as Class II or Class III as follows: (1) Class II that meets the definition of Consumer Fireworks, 1.4G, or Display Fireworks, Liquid - any liquid that has a flash point at or above 100 F (37.8 C) and below 1.3G, as set forth in this Code. Exception No. 1: Toy caps for use in toy 140 F (60 C); (2) Class IIIA - any liquid that has a flash point at or above pistols, toy canes, toy guns, and novelties and trick noisemakers shall not be 140 F (60 C), but below 200 F (93 C); (3) Class IIIB - any liquid that has a considered as fireworks. (See Appendix C of NFPA 1124.) Exception No. flash point at or above 200 F (93 C). [30:1.7] NFPA 1 UFC, 2003 ed. 2: Model rockets and model rocket motors designed, sold, and used for the Combustible Particulate Solid. A combustible solid material comprised of purpose of propelling recoverable aero models shall not be considered as distinct particles or pieces, regardless of size, shape, or chemical composition, fireworks. [1124:1.4] [5000:3.3] that is capable of being pneumatically conveyed. [69:3.3] Fireworks. Any composition or device for the purpose of producing a Combustible Particulate Solid. Any combustible solid material comprised visible or an audible effect by combustion, deflagration, or detonation, and of distinct particles or pieces, regardless of size, shape, or chemical that meets the definition of Consumer Fireworks or Display Fireworks as set composition. [654:1.7] (secondary) NFPA 1 UFC, 2003, ed. forth in this Code. [1124:3.3] (secondary) NFPA 1 UFC, 2003, ed. Compressed Gas. A material, or mixture of materials, that (1) is a gas at Flammable Gas. A material that is a gas at 68 F (20 C) or less at F (20 C) or less at 14.7 psia (101.3 kpa) of pressure, and (2) has a boiling psia (101.3 kpa) of pressure that (1) is ignitable at 14.7 psia (101.3 kpa) when point of 68 F (20 C) or less at 14.7 psia (101.3 kpa) that is either liquefied, a mixture of 13 percent or less by volume with air, or (2) has a flammable nonliquefied, or in solution, except those gases that have no other health or range at 14.7 psia (101.3 kpa) with air of at least 12 percent, regardless of physical hazard properties are not considered to be compressed until the lower limit. The limits shall be determined at 14.7 psia (101.3 kpa) of pressure pressure in the packaging exceeds 41 psia (282.5 kpa) at 68 (20 C). [5000: and a temperature of 68 F (20 C) in accordance with nationally recognized 3.3] standards. [5000:3.3] Compressed Gas. A material, or mixture of materials, that (1) is a gas at Flammable Gas. A material that is a gas at 68 F (20 C) or less at an 68 F (20 C) or less at an absolute pressure of psia ( kpa) and absolute pressure of 14.7 psia ( kpa), that is ignitable at an absolute (2) that has a boiling point of 68 F (20 C) or less at an absolute pressure pressure of 14.7 psia ( kpa) when in a mixture of 13 percent or less by of 14.7 psia ( kpa) and that is liquefied, nonliquefied, or in solution, volume with air, or that has a flammable range at an absolute pressure of 14.7 except those gases that have no other health or physical hazard properties are psia ( kpa) with air of at least 12 percent, regardless of the lower limit. not considered to be compressed gases until the pressure in the packaging [55:3.3] (secondary) NFPA 1 UFC, 2003, ed. exceeds an absolute pressure of 40.6 psia (280 kpa) at 68 F (20 C). [55:3.3] Flammable Gas Liquefied. A liquefied compressed gas that under the (secondary) NFPA 1 UFC, 2003, ed. charged pressure is partially liquid at a temperature of 68 F (20 C) and that is Compressed Gas Container. A pressure vessel designed to hold flammable. [5000:3.3] compressed gases at pressures greater than 1 atmosphere at 68 F (20 C) that Flammable Liquefied Gas. A liquefied compressed gas that, when under includes cylinders, containers, and tanks. [5000:3.3] a charged pressure, is partially liquid at a temperature of 68 F (20 C) and is Compressed Gas Container. A pressure vessel designed to hold flammable. [55:3.3] (secondary) NFPA 1 UFC, 2003, ed. compressed gas at an absolute pressure greater than 1 atmosphere at 68 F Flammable Liquid. A liquid having a closed-cup flash point not exceeding (20 C) that includes cylinders, containers, and tanks. [55:3.3] (secondary) 100 F (37.8 C). [5000:3.3] NFPA 1 UFC, 2003, ed. Flammable Liquid. Any liquid that has a closed-cup flash point below Container*. Any vessel of 450 L (119 gal) or less capacity used for 100 F (37.8 C), as determined by the test procedures and apparatus set forth transporting or storing liquids. [30:3.3] in of NFPA 30. Flammable liquids are classified as Class I as follows: Annex A: Container. While NFPA 30 defines container as having no more (a) Class I Liquid - any liquid that has a closed-cup flash point below 100 F than 230 L (60 gal) capacity, U.S. DOT defines non-bulk packaging as having (37.8 C) and a Reid vapor pressure not exceeding 40 psia ( mm Hg) up to 450 L (119 gal) capacity in 49 CFR [30:A.3.3] at 100 F (37.8 C), as determined by ASTM D 323, Standard Method of Test Container. A vessel, including cylinders, tanks, portable tanks, and cargo for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Reid Method). Class I liquids are tanks, used for transporting or storing materials. (secondary) NFPA 1 UFC, further classified as follows: (1) Class IA liquids - those liquids that have 2003, ed. flash points below 73 F (22.8 C) and boiling points below 100 F (37.8 C); (2) Control Area. A building or portion of a building within which hazardous Class IB liquids shall include those liquids that have flash points below 73 F materials are allowed to be stored, dispensed, used, or handled in quantities (22.8 C) and boiling points at or above 100 F (37.8 C); (3) Class IC liquids not exceeding the maximum allowable quantities (MAQ). (preferred) NFPA shall include those liquids - flash points at or above 73 F (22.8 C), but below 5000, 2002, ed. 100 F (37.8 C). [30:1.7] (secondary) NFPA 1 UFC, 2003, ed. Control Area. A designated area, either indoors or outdoors, within which Flammable Solid. A solid, other than a blasting agent or explosive, that limited quantities of hazardous materials are allowed to be stored, used, is liable to cause fire through friction, absorption of moisture, spontaneous handled, or dispensed. (secondary) NFPA 1 UFC, 2003, ed. chemical change, or retained heat from manufacturing or processing, or which Cryogenic Fluid. A refrigerated gas having a boiling point below -130 F (- can be ignited readily and when ignited, burns so vigorously and persistently 90 C) at atmospheric pressure. [5000:3.3] as to create a serious hazard. (preferred) NFPA 45, 2000, ed. Cryogenic Fluid. A fluid with a boiling point lower than -90 C (-130 F) at Flammable Solid. A solid substance, other than a substance defined as a an absolute pressure of kpa (14.7 psia). [55:3.3] (secondary) NFPA 1 blasting agent or explosive, that is liable to cause fire resulting from friction UFC, 2003, ed. or retained heat from manufacture, that has an ignition temperature below Cryogenic Liquid. A refrigerated liquid gas having a boiling point below 110 C (212 F), or which burns so vigorously or persistently when ignited that -130 F (-90 C) at atmospheric pressure. [30:1.6] it creates a serious hazard. (secondary) NFPA 1 UFC, 2003, ed. Cryogenic Liquid. See (secondary) NFPA 1 UFC, 2003, ed. Flammable Vapors. A concentration of constituents in air that exceeds 10 Cylinder. Cylinder means a pressure vessel designed for pressures higher percent of its lower flammable limit (LFL). (preferred) NFPA 115, 1999, ed. than 276 kpa (40 psia) and having a circular cross section. It does not include Flammable Vapors. Flammable vapors are the concentration of flammable a portable tank, multiunit tank car tank, cargo tank, or tank car. [55:3.3] constituents in air that exceed 25 percent of their lower flammability limit Cylinder. A portable compressed gas container, fabricated to or authorized (LFL). (secondary) NFPA 1 UFC, 2003, ed. for use by, the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT), or fabricated to Flash Point. The minimum temperature at which a liquid gives off vapor in Transport Canada (TC) or the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, sufficient concentration to form an ignitable mixture with air near the surface Section VIII, Rules for the Construction of Unfired Pressure Vessels. [560: of the liquid within the vessel as specified by appropriate test procedure and 1.4]. (secondary) NFPA 1 UFC, 2003, ed. apparatus as follows: (1) the flash point of a liquid having a viscosity less than 45 SUS at 100 F (37.8 C) and a flash point below 200 F (93 C) shall be 1-7

8 determined in accordance with ASTM D 56; (2) the flash point of a liquid Water Reactive Material. A material that explodes; violently reacts; having a viscosity of 45 SUS or more at 100 F (37.8 C) or a flash point of produces flammable, toxic, or other hazardous gases; or evolves enough heat 200 F (93 C) or higher shall be determined in accordance with ASTM D 93; to cause self-ignition or ignition of nearby combustibles upon exposure to (3) as an alternate, ASTM D 3278 may be used for paints, enamels, lacquers, water or moisture. [5000:3.3] varnishes, and related products and their components having flash points Water Reactive Material. A material that explodes; violently reacts; between 32 F (0 C) and 230 F (110 C) and having a viscosity lower than 150 produces flammable, toxic or other hazardous gases; or evolves enough heat to stokes at 77 F (25 C); (4) as an alternate, ASTM D 3828 may be used for cause self-ignition or ignition of nearby combustibles upon exposure to water materials other than those for which specific Setaflash Methods exist. [5000: or moisture. Water-reactive materials are subdivided into Class 1, Class 2, and 3.3] Class 3. (secondary) NFPA 1 UFC, 2003, ed. Flash Point. The minimum temperature of a liquid at which sufficient Substantiation: Adoption of preferred definitions will assist the user by vapor is given off to form an ignitible mixture with the air, near the surface providing consistent meaning of defined terms throughout the National Fire of the liquid or within the vessel used, as determined by the appropriate test Codes. procedure and apparatus specified in of NFPA 30. [30:1.7] (secondary) Meeting Action: Accept in Principle in Part NFPA 1 UFC, 2003, ed. The proposes the following actions on these definitions: Hazardous Material. A substance (solid, liquid, or gas) that when released Bulk Oxygen System. Revise the definition to read as follows: An assembly of is capable of creating harm to people, the environment, and property. equipment, such as oxygen storage containers, pressure regulators, pressure (preferred) NFPA 472, 2002, ed. relief devices, vaporizers, manifolds, and interconnecting piping, with a Hazardous Material. A chemical or substance that is a physical hazard or storage capacity of more than 20,000 ft 3 (566 m 3 ) of oxygen including health hazard as defined and classified in , whether the material is in unconnected reserves on hand at the site. The bulk oxygen system terminates usable or waste condition. (secondary) NFPA 1 UFC, 2003, ed. at the point where oxygen at service pressure first enters the supply line. The Highly Toxic Material. A material that produces a lethal dose or lethal oxygen containers are either stationary or movable, and the oxygen is stored concentration that falls within any of the following categories: as gas or liquid. (1) a chemical that has a median lethal dose (LD50) of 50 mg/kg or less of Ceiling Limit. Retain the existing definition, with the following body weight when administered orally to albino rats weighing between 200 g modifications: and 300 g each; Move the second sentence back to the annex (as currently printed in the 2003 (2) a chemical that has a median lethal dose (LD50) of 200 mg/kg or less of edition of NFPA 1 UFC). body weight when administered by continuous contact for 24 hours, or less if Modify the first sentence by replacing the word one with a person. death occurs within 24 hours, with the bare skin of albino rabbits weighing Combustible Liquid. Use the preferred definition. between 2 kg and 3 kg each; Combustible Particulate Solid. Use the preferred definition. (3) a chemical that has a median lethal concentration (LC50) in air of 200 Compressed Gas. Retain the current source. parts per million by volume or less of gas or vapor, or 2 mg/l or less of mist, Compressed Gas Container. Retain the current source. fume, or dust, when administered by continuous inhalation for 1 hour, or less Container. Replace the definition of Container (Flammable or Combustible if death occurs within 1 hour, to albino rats weighing between 200 g and 300 Liquid) in with the following: g each. (preferred) NFPA 5000, 2002, ed. Any vessel of 119 gal (450 L) or less capacity used for transporting or storing Highly Toxic Material. A material that produces a lethal dose or lethal liquids. [30:3.3] concentration that falls into one of following three categories: (1) A chemical Add an annex to the definition of Container (Flammable or Combustible that has a median lethal dose (LD50) of 50 mg/kg or less of body weight Liquid) to read as follows: when administered orally to albino rats weighing between 200 g and Container (Flammable or Combustible Liquid). While NFPA 30 defines 300 g each, (2) A chemical that has a median lethal dose (LD50) of 200 container as having no more than 60 gal (230 L) capacity, U.S. DOT defines mg/kg or less of body weight when administered by continuous contact non-bulk packaging as having up to 119 gal (450 L) capacity in 49 CFR for 24 hours, or less if death occurs within 24 hours, with the bare skin of [30:A.3.3] albino rabbits weighing between 2 kg and 3 kg each, (3) A chemical that Control Area. Retain the current definition. has a median lethal concentration (LC50) in air of 200 parts per million Cryogenic Fluid. Retain the current source. by volume or less of gas or vapor, or 2 mg/l or less of mist, fume or dust, Cryogenic Liquid. Delete the existing definition. when administered by continuous inhalation for 1 hour, or less if death Replace the term Cryogenic Liquid with the term cryogenic fluid occurs within 1 hour, to albino rats weighing between 200 g and 300 g each. throughout the document. Mixtures of these materials with ordinary materials, such as water, might Cylinder. Retain the current definition. not warrant classification as highly toxic. While this system is basically Exhausted Enclosure. Use the preferred definition. simple in application, any hazard evaluation which is required for the precise Explosion. Retain the current definition. categorization of this type of material must be performed by experienced, Explosive Material. Retain the current source. technically competent persons. (secondary) NFPA 1, 2003, ed. Fireworks. Retain the current source. Toxic Material. A material that produces a lethal dose or a lethal Flammable Gas. Retain the current source. concentration within any of the following categories: Flammable Liquefied Gas. Retain the current source. (1) a chemical or substance that has a median lethal dose (LD50) of Flammable Liquid. Revise the definition to read as follows: more than 50 mg/kg but not more than 500 mg/kg of body weight when A liquid having a closed-cup flash point not exceeding 100 F (37.8 C). [5000: administered orally to albino rats weighing between 200 g and 300 g each; 3.3] (2) a chemical or substance that has a median lethal dose (LD50) of Flammable Solid. Retain the current definition. more than 200 mg/kg but not more than 1000 mg/kg of body weight when Flammable Vapors. Retain the current definition. administered by continuous contact for 24 hours, or less if death occurs Flash Point. Retain the current source. within 24 hours, with the bare skin of albino rabbits weighing between 2 kg Hazardous Material. Retain the current definition. and 3 kg each; Highly Toxic Material. Use the preferred definition from NFPA (3) a chemical or substance that has a median lethal concentration (LC50) Move the last 2 sentences from the existing definition in NFPA 1 UFC to be in air of more than 200 parts per million but not more than 2000 parts per the annex for the definition of highly toxic material. Those sentences read as million by volume of gas or vapor, or more than 2 mg/l but not more than 20 follows: mg/l, of mist, fume, or dust when administered by continuous inhalation for Mixtures of these materials with ordinary materials, such as water, might not 1 hour, or less if death occurs within 1 hour, to albino rats weighing between warrant classification as highly toxic. While this system is basically simple in 200 g and 300 g each. (preferred) NFPA 5000, 2002, ed. application, any hazard evaluation which is required for the precise Toxic Material. A material that produces a lethal dose or a lethal categorization of this type of material must be performed by experienced, concentration within one of following three categories: technically competent persons. (1) A chemical or substance that has a median lethal dose (LD50) of Toxic Material. Retain the current definition. more than 50 mg/kg but not more than 500 mg/kg of body weight when Water Reactive Material. Retain the current definition. administered orally to albino rats weighing between 200 g and 300 g each, Statement: Bulk Oxygen System. The revised definition is (2) A chemical or substance that has a median lethal dose (LD50) of consistent with a new definition proposed for NFPA 55, 2005 ed. more than 200 mg/kg but not more than 1000 mg/kg of body weight when Ceiling Limits. The existing definition in NFPA 1 UFC is from NFPA 55, administered by continuous contact for 24 hours, or less if death occurs which is the document the extracted text is from that uses the definition. It is within 24 hours, with the bare skin of albino rabbits weighing between 2 kg not referenced to NFPA 55, as the second sentence of the definition has been and 3 kg each, moved to the annex in accordance with the NFPA MOS. The UFC TC feels (3) A chemical or substance that has a median lethal concentration (LC50) in the definition would better understood if the term person is used. air more than 200 parts per million but not more than 2000 parts per million Combustible Liquid. The is using the preferred definition by volume of gas or vapor, or more than 2 mg/l but not more than 20 mg/l of which is the responsibility of the source document that contains the extract mist, fume, or dust, when administered by continuous inhalation for 1 hour, or requirements for combustible liquids. less if death occurs within 1 hour, to albino rats weighing between 200 g and Combustible Particulate Solid. The is using the preferred 300 g each. (secondary) NFPA 1 UFC, 2003, ed. definition which is the responsibility of the source document where the text that uses the term is extracted from. 1-8

9 Compressed Gas. The is using the definition from the source Aisle Width. The horizontal dimension between the face of the loads in racks document for the extracted text that uses the term. under consideration. [13, 2002] Compressed Gas Container. The is using the definition from the source document for the extracted text that uses the term. Alleyway. An accessible clear space between storage piles or groups of piles Container. The is using the definition from the source document suitable for housekeeping operations, visual inspection of piling areas, and for the extracted text that uses the term. initial fire-fighting operations. Control Area. The NFPA 1 UFC definition is different than NFPA 5000, Available Height for Storage. The maximum height at which commodities because NFPA 1 UFC must cover outdoor as well as inside control areas and can be stored above the floor and still maintain adequate clearance from the building code does not cover outdoor areas. structural members and the required clearance below sprinklers. [13, 2002] Cryogenic Fluid. The is using the definition from the source document for the extracted text that uses the term. Block. A basic yard storage unit for baled cotton comprising multiple-row Cryogenic Liquid. The committee feels the term cryogenic fluid is a more storage with clear spaces on all sides correct term technically. Cylinder. The is using the definition from the source document for Burn-It. A fire-fighting strategy that allows for the free-burn of a tire fire. the extracted text that uses the term. Exhausted Enclosure. The is agreeable to using the preferred Bury-It. A fire-fighting strategy in which a tire pile is buried with soil, sand, definition for correlation with NFPA gravel, cement dust, or other cover material. Explosion. The is using the definition from the source document Chip. A wood chip of various species used in the manufacture of pulp. for the extracted text that uses the term. Explosive Material. The using the same definition as NFPA 5000 Clear Space. An area free of combustible materials but that can contain for correlation on similar requirements. noncombustible materials that cannot transmit an exposure fire. Fireworks. The is using the definition from the source document for the extracted text that uses the term. Clearance. The distance from the top of storage to the ceiling sprinkler Flammable Gas. The is using the definition from the source deflectors. [13, 2002] document for the extracted text that uses the term. Cold Deck. A single ranked pile of logs with individual logs of regular or Flammable Liquefied Gas. The is taking this definition from the irregular length usually 20 ft to 50 ft (6.1 m to 15.2 m) long, but greater than 8 source document for the extracted text that uses the term. ft (2.4 m) long. Flammable Liquid. The using the same definition as NFPA 5000 for correlation on similar requirements. Column (Paper). A single vertical stack of rolls of paper. Flammable Solid. The is retaining its existing definition as more relevant to the use of the term in this code. Commodity. Combinations of products, packing material, and container upon Flammable Vapors. The is using the same definition as NFPA which the commodity classification is based. [13, 2002] 5000 for correlation on similar requirements. Conventional Pallets. A material-handling aid designed to support a unit load Flash Point. The is using the definition from the source document with openings to provide access for material-handling devices. [13, 2002] for the extracted text that uses the term. Hazardous Material. The is retaining its existing definition as Cordwood. Logs 8 ft (2.4 m) or less in length customarily intended for more relevant to the use of the term in this code. pulpwood or fuel uses. Highly Toxic Material. The is accepting the preferred definition but wants to retain the last 2 sentences of the current definition as annex Core. The central tube around which paper is wound to form a roll. [13, 2002] material to the definition. Toxic Material. The is retaining its existing definition as more Driveway. A clear space suitable for fire-fighting operations by motorized fire relevant to the use of the term in this code. apparatus. Water-Reactive Material. The is retaining its existing definition as Fines. Small pieces or splinters of wood by-products that can pass through a more relevant to the use of the term in this code in. (6.4 mm) screen. Forecasting. The ability to predict fire progression in a scrap tire storage Comment on Affirmative location prior to the completion of the inventory fire break using heavy SHAPIRO: The committee action recorded in the draft ROP ballot is not equipment. accurate according to my notes. The following corrections are needed: The definition of Bulk Oxygen System should include (Standard Cubic Feet) Hogged Material. Mill waste consisting mainly of hogged bark but possibly after 20,000 Ft3 which is needed to specify the basis of determining gas including a mixture of bark, chips, dust, or other by-products from trees; also volume and to correlate with the NFPA 55 definition proposed for includes material designated as hogged fuel. The definition of Ceiling Limit should be moved to , replacing the Log. Felled tree from which all the branches have been removed. text that presently appears in that section should be deleted. The preferred definition of Cleanroom which is derived from NFPA 5000, Lumber. Wood from felled trees having a section produced by lengthwise should be selected. sawing or chipping of logs or other solid wood of large dimensions and The committee elected to use the optional text associated with the preferred possible crosscutting and/or further machining to obtain a certain size and definition of Combustible Liquid, which includes the definitions for Class II includes boards, dimension lumber, timber, and similar wood products. and Class III liquids. The definition for Compressed Gas should be NFPA 5000 extract material. Noncombustible. Commodities, packaging, or storage aids that do not ignite, The definition for Compressed Gas Container should be NFPA 55 extract burn, or liberate flammable gases when heated to a temperature of 1380 F material. (749 C) for 5 minutes. The Annex material from NFPA 30: A3.3.7 should not be extracted into NFPA 1 UFC since the source material is in error (it conflicts with the Packaging. A commodity wrapping, cushioning, or container. [13, 2002] parent section of NFPA 30:3.3.7). NFPA 30 staff has been notified of this Paper. Felted sheets made from natural fibrous materials, usually vegetable inconsistency. but sometimes mineral or animal, and formed on a fine wire screen by means The committee modified the definition of Control Area by deleting limited of water suspension. quantities of and replacing this text with in quantities not exceeding the MAQ. Rack. Any combination of vertical, horizontal, and diagonal members that The definition of Cryogenic Fluid should be tagged to NFPA 55: supports stored materials. The definition of Cylinder should be NFPA 55 extract material. The definition of Explosion should be revised to use the preferred source, Double-Row Racks. Two single-row racks placed back-to-back having a NFPA 69. combined width up to 12 ft (3.7 m), with aisles at least 3.5 ft (1.1 m) on each The definition of Flammable Liquid should include the optional liquid Class side. [13, 2002] definitions to correlate with the committeeʼs direction for Combustible Liquid. Movable Racks. Racks on fixed rails or guides. The definition of Flashpoint should be NFPA extract Log# CP30 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept (Chapter 3 Definitions (Storage related)) Submitter : Technical on Uniform Fire Code Recommendation: Incorporate the following definitions from NFPA into NFPA 1 UFC. 1-9 Multiple-Row Racks. Racks greater than 12 ft (3.7 m) wide or single- or double-row racks separated by aisles less than 3.5 ft (1.1 m) wide having an overall width greater than 12 ft (3.7 m). [13, 2002] Portable Racks. Racks that are not fixed in place. Single-Row Racks. Racks that have no longitudinal flue space and that have a width up to 6 ft (1.8 m) with aisles at least 3.5 ft (1.1 m) from other storage. [13, 2002]

10 Row. A minimum yard storage unit comprised of adjoining cotton bales. Solid Shelving. Solid, slatted, and other types of shelving located within racks that obstruct sprinkler water penetration down through the racks. Storage. Banded Tire Storage. Storage in which a number of tires are strapped together. Cartoned Storage. Storage consisting of corrugated cardboard or paperboard containers that fully enclose the commodity. Laced Tire Storage. Tires stored where the sides of the tires overlap, creating a woven or laced appearance. [13, 2002] Miscellaneous Tire Storage. The storage of rubber tires that is incidental to the main use of the building. Storage areas shall not exceed 2000 ft 2 (186 m 2 ). On-tread storage piles, regardless of storage method, shall not exceed 25 ft (7.6 m) in the direction of the wheel holes. Acceptable storage arrangements include (a) on-floor, on-side storage up to 12 ft (3.7 m) high; (b) on-floor, on-tread storage up to 5 ft (1.5 m) high; (c) double-row or multirow fixed or portable rack storage on-side or on-tread up to 5 ft (1.5 m) high; (d) single-row fixed or portable rack storage on-side or on-tread up to 12 ft (3.7 m) high; and (e) laced tires in racks up to 5 ft (1.5 m) high. [13, 2002] On-Side Tire Storage. Tires stored horizontally or flat. [13, 2002] On-Tread Tire Storage. Tires stored vertically or on their treads. [13, 2002] Palletized Storage. Storage of commodities on pallets or other storage aids that form horizontal spaces between tiers of storage. [13, 2002] Yard Storage. Storage of commodities in outdoor areas. Storage Aids. Commodity storage devices such as pallets, dunnage, separators, or skids. [13, 2002] Tactics. The method of securing the objectives laid out in the strategy through the use of personnel and equipment to achieve optimum results. Tire. Rubber Tire. Pneumatic tires for passenger automobiles, aircraft, light and heavy trucks, trailers, farm equipment, construction equipment (off-the-road), and buses. [13, 2002] Scrap Tire. A tire that can no longer be used for its original purpose due to wear or damage. Wood Panel. Board or sheet made from veneers, particles, or fibers of wood and includes plywood, oriented strandboard, and similar wood products. Add the following annex material to support the definitions being incorporated from NFPA 230. Aisle Width. See Figure A.3.3.X1. FIGURE A.3.3.X1 Illustration of Aisle Width. Available Height for Storage. For new sprinkler installations, maximum height of storage is the height at which commodities can be stored above the floor where the minimum required unobstructed space below sprinklers is maintained. For the evaluation of existing situations, maximum height of storage is the maximum existing height, if space between sprinklers and storage is equal to or greater than required. Chip. Chips are usually 1/4 in. to 1 1/4 in. (6.4 mm to 31.8 mm) in size, with nothing finer than that which is retainable on a 1/4 in. (6.4 mm) screen; however, blower and conveyor systems can create some fine dust particles after screening. Conventional Pallets. See Figure A.3.3.X2. FIGURE A.3.3.X2 Typical Pallets. Rack. Some rack structures use solid shelves. Racks are permitted to be fixed, portable, or movable. Loading is permitted to be either manual, using lift trucks, stacker cranes, or hand placement, or automatic, using machinecontrolled storage and retrieval systems. [See Figure A (a) through Figure A (k).] Movable Racks. Movable racks can be moved back and forth only in a horizontal, two-dimensional plane. A moving aisle is created as abutting racks are either loaded or unloaded, then moved across the aisle to abut other racks. Portable Racks. Portable racks can be arranged in any number of configurations. Laced Tire Storage. See Figure A (g). Miscellaneous Tire Storage. The limitations on the type and size of storage are intended to identify those situations where tire storage is present in limited quantities and incidental to the main use of the building. Occupancies such as aircraft hangars, automobile dealers, repair garages, retail storage facilities, automotive and truck assembly plants, and mobile home assembly plants are types of facilities where miscellaneous storage could be present. Substantiation: The action incorporates the definitions from NFPA into NFPA 1 UFC since the Uniform Fire Code has been given responsibility for NFPA 230 and is integrating the material into NFPA 1 UFC and withdrawing NFPA 230. Note that figure A (a) through figure A (k)] referenced in the annex material to the definition of rack are shown in proposal (Log #CP25). Likewise figure A (g) referenced in the annex material to laced tire storage is shown in proposal (Log #CP25). Meeting Action: Accept 1-28 Log# CP20 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept (3.1) Submitter : Technical on Uniform Fire Code Recommendation: Revise existing 3.1 to read: 3.1 General. The following terms, for the purposes of this Code, shall have the meanings given in this chapter, if not otherwise modified by another chapter. Words used in the present tense shall include the future; words used in the masculine gender shall include the feminine and neuter; the singular number shall include the plural, and the plural number shall include the singular. Where terms are not defined in this chapter or within another chapter but are defined in other NFPA documents, the definitions used in the NFPA documents shall apply. Where terms are not defined in this chapter, within another chapter or within another NFPA document, they shall be 1-10

11 defined using their ordinarily accepted meanings within the context in which they are used. Websterʼs Third New International Dictionary of the English Language, Unabridged, shall be a source for ordinarily accepted meaning. Substantiation: The revision of Section 3.1 provides the user of this Code with a hierarchy of sources for determining the current definitions of terms used in the Code. Meeting Action: Accept the transfer of people and/or cargo between waterborne carriers and land. [307: ] Pier. A structure, usually of greater length that width and projecting from the shore into a body of water with direct access from land, that can be either open deck or provided with a superstucture. [307: ] Wharf. A structure at the shoreline, having a platform built along and parallel to a body of water with either open deck or provided with a superstructure. [307:2.1.31] Substantiation: These terms are used within Chapter 28 but are not defined. Meeting Action: Accept 1-29 Log# 156 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept in Principle (3.3.xx Cultural Resource Properties (New) ) Submitter : Deborah L. Freeland, Arthur J. Gallagher & Company Recommendation: Add a new term and definition to NFPA 1 to read as follows: Cultural Resource Properties. Buildings, structures, sites or portions thereof that are culturally significant or that house culturally significant collections for museums, libraries, and places of worship. [909: ] Substantiation: This proposal was developed by those members of NFPAʼs Technical on Cultural Resources who were present at the September 22-24, 2003 meeting which took place in Washington, D.C. Those committee members present instructed the committee chair, Deborah Freeland, to submit this proposal to NFPA 5000 on their behalf. A separate proposal has been submitted that references NFPA 909 for special requirements pertaining to fire precautions during alterations, additions and renovations of cultural resource properties. The term cultural resource property is being proposed for inclusion in NFPA 1 for completeness. Meeting Action: Accept in Principle See Action on Proposal (Log #CP19). Statement: The believes its action on Proposal (Log #CP19) meets the submitterʼs intent Log# CP15 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept (3.3.xx Facility (New)) Submitter : Technical on Uniform Fire Code Recommendation: Add a new definition for Facility to read: 3.3.xx Facility (as applied to access and water supply). A structure or use in a fixed location including exterior storage, use and handling areas, that relates to the occupancies and operations covered by this Code. Substantiation: The believes that there should be a definition for the term ʻfacilityʼ, which is an undefined term that is used throughout this Code. Meeting Action: Accept 1-31 Log# 7 UFC-AAA Final Action: Reject (3.3.xx Laboratory (New) ) Submitter : Robert Fash, Las Vegas Fire & Rescue Recommendation: Add a definition for Laboratory in Chapter 3 Definitions as follows: 3.3.xx Laboratory. A facility where the containers used for reactions, transfers, and other handling of chemicals are designed to be easily and safely manipulated by one person. It is a workplace where chemicals are used or synthesized on a nonproduction basis. [45:1.4.34] Substantiation: There is currently a requirement in the NFPA 1, Uniform Fire Code, 2003 edition to issue permit to a laboratory. This requirement can be found in Table (a). There should be a definition of a laboratory to help guide the code user on the proper application of the permit requirement. Although not all definitions need to be placed from other NFPA Codes and Standard, this additional definition should be useful for the code user. Statement: The recognizes that the term laboratory is used broadly throughout NFPA Codes and Standards, such as fabrication laboratory, test laboratory, etc. The believes that this definition would impact all types of laboratories, and they did not believe that this impact was the intent of the submitter. Therefore, the did not agree that a definition for laboratory was necessary Log# 30 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept (3.3.xx Marine Terminal, Pier, Wharf (New) ) Recommendation: Add the following definitions: Marine terminal. A facility comprising one or more berths, slips, piers, wharves, loading and unloading areas, warehouses, and storage yards used for Log# 134 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept in Principle in Part (3.3.X, 3.3.Y, , Notification Appliance Circuit, Signaling Line Circuit, Supervisory Signal, Trouble Signal (New) ) Submitter : David Stringfield, University of Minnesota Recommendation: Add the following definitions. 3.3.X Notification Appliance Circuit. A circuit or path directly connected to a notification appliance(s). 3.3.Y Signaling Line Circuit. A circuit or path between any combination of circuit interfaces, control units, or transmitters over which multiple input signals or output signals, or both, are carried Supervisory Signal. A signal indicating the need for action in connection with the supervision of guard tours, the fire suppressions or equipment, or the maintenance features of related systems Trouble Signal. A signal initiated by the fire alarm system or device indicative of a fault in a monitored circuit or component. Substantiation: Some important fire alarm definitions are left out of the definition section. Only 1/3 of the circuits and signal definitions are in the code. Meeting Action: Accept in Principle in Part Add definitions for the following terms to read: Supervisory Signal. A signal indicating the need for action in connection with the supervision of guard tours, the fire suppressions or equipment, or the maintenance features of related systems. [ 72 :3.3] Trouble Signal. A signal initiated by the fire alarm system or device indicative of a fault in a monitored circuit or component.[ 72 :3.3] Statement: The added extract definitions for Supervisory Signal and Trouble Signal from NFPA 72. The notes that since the first 2 terms are not used in the document, so those definitions do not need to be added into Chapter Log# 170 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept in Principle in Part ( Baled Cotton (New) ) Submitter : Marcelo M. Hirschler, GBH International / Rep. National Cotton Council Recommendation: Add new text to read as follows: Baled Cotton Definitions * Baled Cotton. A natural seed fiber wrapped and secured in industryaccepted materials, usually consisting of burlap, woven polypropylene, or sheet polyethylene, and secured with steel, synthetic, or wire bands, or wire; also includes linters (lint removed from the cottonseed) and motes (residual materials from the ginning process), * Densely-Packed Baled Cotton. Cotton, made into banded bales, with a packing density of at least 360 kg/m2 (22 lb/ft3), and dimensions complying with the following: a length of 1400 ± 20 mm (ca. 55 in.), a width of 530 ± 20 mm (ca. 21 in.) and a height of mm ( in.) Fire-Packed Baled Cotton. A cotton bale within which a fire has been packed as a result of a process, ginning being the most frequent cause Naked Cotton Bale. An unwrapped cotton bale secured with wire or steel straps. Cotton which has been baled. Renumber definitions following as onwards. A The Joint Cotton Industry Bale Packaging (JCIBPC) specifications for baling of cotton now requires that all cotton bales be secured with wire bands, polyester plastic strapping or cold rolled high tensile steel strapping and then covered in fully-coated or strip coated woven polypropylene, polyethylene film or burlap. A Experimental work by the US Department of Agriculture, and others (Wakelyn and Hughs, 2002), investigated the flammability of cotton bales with a packing density of at least 360 kg/m2 (22 lb/ft3). The research showed that such cotton bales (densely-packed cotton bales) did not undergo self-heating nor spontaneous combustion and that the likelihood of sustained smoldering combustion internal to the cotton bale, creating a delayed fire hazard, was extremely low. The same research also showed that, when the cotton bales were exposed to smoldering cigarettes, matches and open flames (including the gas burner ignition source used for the mattress tests ASTM E 1590 and California Technical Bulletin 129), the probability of initiating flaming combustion was at such a low level as not to qualify

12 the densely-packed cotton bales as flammable solids. These investigations resulted in harmonization between the U.S. Department of Transportation (49CFR , note 137), the United Nations Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, the International Maritime Organization (the International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code) and the International Civil Aviation Organizationʼs Technical Instructions, with the removal of the flammable solid designation from densely-packed cotton bales, complying with ISO 8115, ʻʻCotton Bales - Dimensions and Densityʼʼ and the exemption of such cotton bales from the Hazardous Materials Regulations. Add to a new section K (ISO Publication) a reference to ISO 8115, Cotton Bales - Dimensions and Density. Add to a new section K a reference to P.J. Wakelyn and S.E. Hughs, Evaluation of the Flammability of Cotton Bales, Fire and Materials Volume 26, pages (2002). Substantiation: In order to counteract some historical anecdotal information regarding the combustibility characteristics of densely-packed cotton bales, flammability research was conducted, including the following experiments and results, with details contained towards the end of the substantiation: (1) Standard cotton fibre passed the Department of Transportation spontaneous combustion test: the cotton did not exceed the oven temperature and was not classified as self-heating. (2) Cotton within densely-packed cotton bales did not cause sustained smoldering propagation: an electric heater placed within the bale was unable to cause sustained smoldering propagation, due to the lack of oxygen inside the densely-packed bale. (3) Cotton within densely-packed cotton bales was exposed to ignition from a cigarette and a match and performed very well: no propagating combustion with either. (4) Cotton within densely-packed cotton bales was exposed to ignition from the gas burner source in ASTM E 1590 (also known as California Technical Bulletin 129; 12 L/min of propane gas for 180 seconds) and passed all the criteria of CA TB 129: mass loss of less than 1.36 kg (3 pounds), heat release rate less than 100 kw and total heat release of less than 25 MJ in the first 10 minutes of test. In consequence, the US Department of Transportation (US Coast Guard), the United Nations and the International Maritime Organization have all removed the listing of baled cotton from the list of hazardous materials, and from the list of flammable solids, provided the cotton bales are the type of bales listed above. Chapter 34, Table (a) Maximum Allowable Quantity of Hazardous Materials per Control Area of the 2002 edition of the NFPA Building Code contains limitations for stage of baled cotton and Chapter 60, Table (a) of this code has the same limitation. This limitation should not be applied to densely-packed cotton bales as they have been shown not to be a hazardous material. In order to be able to do this, the definitions of the various types of baled cotton needed to be added to the code, so that it can be made clear in Table (a) of this code and in Table of NFPA 5000 that it does not apply to densely-packed cotton bales, and that was done by proposals to NFPA 5000 and proposals sent to this code. A companion proposal on Table was also sent to that chapter stating as follows: Cotton, dry, is not subject to the requirements of this Table when it is baled as Densely-Packed Baled Cotton as it is not a flammable solid. Densely-packed baled cotton is cotton made into banded bales, with a packing density of at least 360 kg/m 2 (22 lb/ft 3 ), and dimensions complying with the following: a length of 1400 ± throughout the test. The pass/fail criterion associated with regulatory use of these tests is: a sample passes if there is no evidence of flaming ignition, no continued smoldering and the char length does not exceed 2 in. (51 mm). C2. Match Tests (similar to NFPA 705, Recommended Practice for a Field Flame Test for Textiles and Films): four lighted wooden matches were placed on the tops of the PP and burlap wrapped cotton bales, approximately 8 in. (ca m) apart, and allowed to burn their full length. The test was allowed to proceed for 1 hour. Char length on the cotton bale and/or ignition of the bale was monitored throughout the test. The pass/fail criterion associated with field use of this tests is: during the exposure, flaming should not spread over the complete length of the sample or in excess of 4 in. (101.6 mm) from the bottom of the sample (for larger size samples); there should be not more than 2 seconds of afterflame, and materials that break or drip flaming particles should be rejected if the materials continue to burn after they reach the floor. C3. Heat Release Tests (similar to ASTM E 1590, Standard Test Method for Fire Testing of Mattresses, California Technical Bulletin 129, Flammability Test Procedure for Mattresses for Use in Public Buildings, and NFPA 267, Standard Method of Test for Fire Characteristics of Mattresses and Bedding Assemblies Exposed to Flaming Ignition Source, withdrawn): C3.1 Ignition source: The ignition source used was a 8.07 in. (205 mm) long T burner, constructed of 0.47 in. (12 mm) outside diameter stainless steel tubing with in. (0.89 mm) wall thickness, with 14 holes at 45 degrees above the centerline (0.039 in. (1 mm) in diameter and pointing upward) and spaced 0.5 in. (13 mm) apart and 9 holes at 45 degrees below the centerline (0.039 in. (1 mm) in diameter and pointing downward) also spaced 0.5 in. (13 mm) apart. The holes are positioned such that the handle of the burner is at a 30 degree angle from the horizontal plane. The burner was placed centrally in front of the cotton bale, such that the front of the burner was 2 in. (51 mm) in front of the cotton bale and 6 in. (152 mm) from the bottom of the cotton bale. The gas burner was fueled with propane gas, adjusted at a flow rate of 12 L/min (3.17 gallons/min) and allowed to burn for 180 seconds. C3.2 Other measurements: The cotton bale was placed on a load cell (for continuous measurement of sample mass) which, in turn, was placed centrally under a collection hood. In the hood, oxygen concentration, flow rates, temperatures and pressures were measured continuously, to permit the assessment of heat release via the oxygen consumption calorimetry principle. Two Type K thermocouples were placed on each cotton bale: one 6 in. (152 mm) into the cotton bale in the same horizontal plane as the burner, to measure the cotton bale core temperature continuously and one on the surface of the cotton bale in the vicinity of the burner, to measure the flame temperature continuously. Tests were conducted on 4 samples: PP-wrapped cotton bale, exposed from the round side and from the flat side and burlapwrapped cotton bale, exposed from the round side and from the flat side. C3.3 Pass/fail criteria: This test, using an ignition source of 17.8 kw, is the most severe fire test in the United States for mattresses. There are two sets of pass/fail criteria associated with this test: (a) those contained in the NFPA 101 Life Safety Code and International Fire Code, for use of mattresses in unsprinklered health care and detention occupancies and (b) those contained in California TB 129, also for use in unsprinklered detention occupancies. The pass fail criteria are based on 3 properties: Peak Heat Release Rate (Pk RHR, in kw), Total Heat Release (THR, in MJ), at a certain time following the start of the test and Mass Loss (in lb), at 10 minutes of test. 20 mm, a width of 530 ± 20 mm and a height of mm. Criteria Peak Heat Release Rate Total The definitions of Baled Cotton, Fire-Packed Baled Cotton and Naked Heat Release Mass Loss Cotton Bale are taken from NFPA 230, Standard for the Fire Protection of NFPA 101/IFC: < 250 kw < 40 MJ (@ 5 min) - Storage (2003). CA TB 129 < 100 kw < 25 MJ (@ 10 min) < 3 Details of Fire Tests on Cotton Bales and Their Results A. Types of Cotton Bales Tested: lb (@ 10 min) D. Test Results Bales of cotton are normally wrapped for shipment in one of three fashions: woven polypropylene (PP), polyethylene sheeting (PE), or burlap (jute), with woven PP representing about 80% of the bale covers. There is abundant literature indicating that polypropylene and polyethylene are plastics have similar fire performance. Thus, the tests were conducted using bales wrapped with a woven polypropylene (PP) and bales wrapped with burlap. The cotton was made into densely-packed baled cotton, at densities ranging from 24 to 28 lb/ft3 (ca. 385 to 450 kg/m3). Each bale weighed approximately 500 lb (ca. 227 kg) and measured approximately 66 in. high by 36 in. wide by 42 in. deep (ca. 1.7 m x 0.9 m x 1.1 m). The wide side of each bale consisted of loose cotton ends shaped in a semi-round configuration (round side) and the deep side consisted of tightly secured cotton fibers in a flat configuration (flat side). B. Test Laboratory: All of the fire tests were conducted at Omega Point Laboratories, in Elmendorf, TX. C. Test Setups: C1. Cigarette Tests (similar to NFPA 261, Standard Method of Test for Determining Resistance of Mock-Up Upholstered Furniture Material Assemblies to Ignition by Smoldering Cigarettes, and ASTM E 1352, Standard Test Method for Cigarette Ignition Resistance of Mock-Upholstered Furniture Assemblies): four lighted cigarettes were placed on the tops of the PP and burlap wrapped cotton bales, approximately 8 in. (ca m) apart, and allowed to burn their full length. The test was allowed to proceed for 1 hour. Char length on the cotton bale and/or ignition of the bale was monitored D1.1: PP wrapped cotton bales/cigarette test: as soon as the cigarettes finished burning, the extent of the char on the cotton was less than 1/8 in. (3 mm) from the nearest point of the worst case cigarette. The polypropylene wrapping melted a maximum of 8 in. (200 mm). While the cigarette burnt, the polypropylene melted and shrunk, carrying the cigarette along the melting point. Flaming ignition did not occur. No continued smoldering or flaming combustion occurred. The PP wrapped cotton bales easily passed the test. D1.2: Burlap wrapped cotton bales/cigarette test: as soon as the cigarettes finished burning, the extent of the char on the cotton was less than 1/8 in. (3 mm) from the nearest point of the worst case cigarette. The burlap wrapping charred only directly underneath the cigarette on all four ignition points. Flaming ignition did not occur. No continued smoldering or flaming combustion occurred. The burlap wrapped cotton bales easily passed the test. D2.1: PP wrapped cotton bales/match test: as soon as the matches finished burning, the extent of the char on the cotton was less than 1/8 in. (3 mm) from the nearest point of the worst case cigarette. The polypropylene wrapping melted a maximum of 0.5 in. (13 mm). No continued flaming combustion occurred. At the end of the one hour test, only two of the ignition points continued smoldering. The char depth at all of the ignition points was less than 1 in. (25 mm). The PP wrapped cotton bales passed the test. D2.2: Burlap wrapped cotton bales/match test: as soon as the matches finished burning, the extent of the char on the cotton was negligible. The burlap charred only slightly in the immediate vicinity of the matches. No continued flaming combustion occurred. At the end of the one hour test, none of the ignition points continued smoldering. The char depth at the worst of the 1-12

13 ignition points was approximately 1 in. (25 mm). The burlap wrapped cotton Meeting Action: Accept in Principle in Part bales passed the test. 1. Add the following definitions with their supporting annex material to read: D3: Heat release tests: the results are shown in Table 1. All tests easily * Baled Cotton. A natural seed fiber wrapped and secured in industryaccepted materials, usually consisting of burlap, woven polypropylene, or pass the NFPA 101/IFC criteria and three of the four tests easily pass the CA TB 129 criteria. The burlap-wrapped cotton bale (flat side) is borderline on sheet polyethylene, and secured with steel, synthetic, or wire bands, or wire; the CA TB 129 criteria, passing within the test margin of error. The peak also includes linters (lint removed from the cottonseed) and motes (residual heat release rate of the cotton bales, as densely-packed baled cotton, is much materials from the ginning process), lower than that of the majority of common combustibles, none of which are * Densely-Packed Baled Cotton. Cotton, made into banded bales, designated as flammable solids or hazardous materials. A number of such with a packing density of at least 22 lb/ft3 (360 kg/m2), and dimensions heat release rate test data are shown in Table 2. complying with the following: a length of 55 in. (ca.1400 ± 20 mm), a width Details of Spontaneous Combustion Tests on Cotton Bales and Their of 21 in. (ca. 530 ± 20 mm) and a height of in. ( mm). Results Fire-Packed Baled Cotton. A cotton bale within which a fire has Stresau Laboratory, Inc., an independent laboratory specializing in been packed as a result of a process, ginning being the most frequent cause. hazardous materials evaluation, assessed raw cotton in accordance with the Naked Cotton Bale. An unwrapped cotton bale secured with wire or Department of Transportation (US DOT) self-heating test for materials. steel straps. The test is specified in 49 CFR 173, Appendix E 3, Division Materials A Baled Cotton. See Table A (Table is shown on the following Liable to Spontaneous Combustion. b. Self-heating Materials (1) Test Method page. for Self- Heating Materials and (2) Criteria for Classification. A sample of The Joint Cotton Industry Bale Packaging (JCIBPC) raw cotton weighing 53.2 g was loosely filled into a 10 cm3 fine mesh, wire specifications for baling of cotton now requires that all cotton bales be basket, which was placed in an oven set at 285 deg F (140 deg C), and the secured with wire bands, polyester plastic strapping, or cold rolled high tensile temperature was recorded over a 24 hour period. A material is classified steel strapping, and then covered in fully-coated or strip coated woven as liable to spontaneous combustion (Division 4.2, by US DOT) only if polypropylene, polyethylene film or burlap. spontaneous ignition occurs or if the temperature of the sample exceeds A Experimental work by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and 392 deg F (200 deg C) during the 24 hour test. In fact, spontaneous ignition others (Wakelyn and Hughs, 2002), investigated the flammability of cotton did not occur and the temperature never exceeded 392 deg F (200 deg C). bales with a packing density of at least 22 lb/ft3 (360 kg/m2). The research Consequently, this test demonstrate that cotton is not liable to spontaneous showed that such cotton bales (densely-packed cotton bales) did not undergo combustion. self-heating nor spontaneous combustion, and that the likelihood of sustained Unit Table 1 Baled Cotton Test Fire Test Results PP wrapped flat PP wrapped round side side Burlap wrapped flat side Heat Release Test Pk RHR kw (early spike only) 58.6 NFPA 101/IFC Criterion kw <250 <250 <250 <250 CA TB 129 Criterion kw <100 <100 <100 <100 Time to pk RHR min THR after 5 min MJ NFPA 101/IFC Criterion MJ <40 <40 <40 <40 THR after 10 min MJ CA TB 129 Criterion MJ <25 <25 <25 <25 THR after 30 min MJ THR after 60 min MJ THR after 90 min MJ THR after 120 min MJ Wt 10 min lbs CA TB Criterion lbs <3 <3 <3 <3 Avg Wt Loss per min lbs Max Char Depth (top 6 in) in NA 0.75 Max Char Depth (other) in Pk Core Temp deg F NA Time Ignition Source Off min Time Flames Ceased min Cigarette Test Max Char Depth in NA 0.13 NA 0.13 Match Test Max Char Depth in NA 0.13 PP: 0.5 NA 1.00 Table 2 - Heat Release Rate Data on Combustible Commodities 1. Data from the NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) Website Burlap wrapped round side Waste paper basket Small TV Set Mattress (center burn) Mattresses (side burn) Mattress (corner burn) Kiosk Workstation (2 panel) Wooden Pallets (4, without combustibles) Small dresser Christmas tree (natural) Loveseat Sofa Bunk Bed Workstation (3 panel) 40 kw 290 kw 740 kw 940 kw & 1.1 MW 1.0 MW 1.0 MW 1.7 MW 1.7 MW 1.8 MW 1.7 MW to 5.2 MW 3.0 MW 3.5 MW 4.6 MW 6.6 MW 2. Data from Underwriters Laboratories Two-way wooden pallets with Class II commodities Four-way wooden pallets with Class II commodities 3. Other Heat Release Data: Curtains, Cotton Velvet (0.86 lbs) Curtains, Acrylic Cotton (0.64 lbs) TV set ( lbs) Small Table (Hirschler) Residential Mattress (Hirschler) Childrenʼs Mall Playground (Hirschler) > 6.0 MW before sprinkler activation > 8.5 MW before sprinkler activation kw kw kw 500 kw up to > 3.5 MW > 5 MW Note: Supporting material available for review at NFPA Headquarters. 1-13

14 Bale Type Compressed, standard Dimensions Avg. Weight Volume Density in. mm lb kg ft 3 m 3 lb/ft 3 kg/m Gin, standard Compressed, universal Table A Typical Cotton Bale Types and Approximate Sizes Gin, universal Compressed, high density Densely-packed baled cotton to to smoldering combustion internal to the cotton bale, creating a delayed fire hazard, was extremely low. The same research also showed that, when the cotton bales were exposed to smoldering cigarettes, matches and open flames (including the gas burner ignition source used for the mattress tests, ASTM E1590 and California Technical Bulletin 129), the probability of initiating flaming combustion was at such a low level as not to qualify the densely-packed cotton bales as flammable solids. These investigations resulted in harmonization between the U.S. Department of Transportation (49CFR , note 137), the United Nations Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, the International Maritime Organization (the International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code) and the International Civil Aviation Organizationʼs Technical Instructions, with the removal of the flammable solid designation from densely-packed cotton bales, complying with ISO 8115, ʻʻCotton Bales - Dimensions and Densityʼʼ and the exemption of such cotton bales from the Hazardous Materials Regulations. 2. Renumber existing definitions following as onwards. 3. Add to a new section K ISO Publications to add a reference to ISO 8115, Cotton Bales - Dimensions and Density. 4. Add to a new section K to add a reference to P.J. Wakelyn and S.E. Hughs, Evaluation of the Flammability of Cotton Bales, Fire and Materials Volume 26, pages (2002). Statement: The agreed with the submitterʼs proposal and added the identified definitions to NFPA 1 UFC through its incorporation of the terms defined in NFPA 230 in this revision cycle. See Proposal 1-27 (Log #CP30). The terms were editorially revised to comply with the NFPA MOS format for definitions. The second sentence of was not accepted as it appears to contradict the main definition Log# 168 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept in Principle (3.3.38, A Combustible Fiber, K ) Submitter : Marcelo M. Hirschler, GBH International / Rep. National Cotton Council Recommendation: Revise text to read as follows: * Combustible Fiber. Any material in a fibrous or shredded form that will readily ignite when heat sources are present. A Combustible Fiber. Combustible fibers can include cotton, sisal, henequen, ixtle, jute, hemp, tow, cocoa fiber, oakum, baled waste, baled wastepaper, kapok, hay, straw, excelsior, Spanish moss, or other like materials. Note that cotton fibers made into banded bales, with a packing density of at least 360 kg/m2 (22 lb/ft3), and dimensions complying with the following: a length of 1400 ± 20 mm (ca. 55 in.), a width of 530 ± 20 mm (ca. 21 in.)and a height of mm ( in.) will not readily ignite when heat sources are present (Wakelyn and Hughs, 2002) and are not considered flammable solids or hazardous materials. Also, add to a new section K a reference to P.J. Wakelyn and S.E. Hughs, Evaluation of the Flammability of Cotton Bales, Fire and Materials Volume 26, pages (2002). Substantiation: In order to counteract some historical anecdotal information regarding the combustibility characteristics of densely-packed cotton bales, flammability research was conducted, including the following experiments and results, with details contained towards the end of the substantiation: (1) Standard cotton fibre passed the Department of Transportation spontaneous combustion test: the cotton did not exceed the oven temperature and was not classified as self-heating. (2) Cotton within densely-packed cotton bales did not cause sustained smoldering propagation: an electric heater placed within the bale was unable to cause sustained smoldering propagation, due to the lack of oxygen inside the densely-packed bale (3) Cotton within densely-packed cotton bales was exposed to ignition from a cigarette and a match and performed very well: no propagating combustion with either. (4) Cotton within densely-packed cotton bales was exposed to ignition from the gas burner source in ASTM E 1590 (also known as California Technical Bulletin 129; 12 L/min of propane gas for 180 seconds) and passed all the criteria of CA TB 129: mass loss of less than 1.36 kg (3 pounds), heat release rate less than 100 kw and total heat release of less than 25 MJ in the first 10 minutes of test. In consequence, the US Department of Transportation (US Coast Guard), the United Nations and the International Maritime Organization have all removed the listing of baled cotton from the list of hazardous materials, and from the list of flammable solids, provided the cotton bales are the type of bales listed above. Chapter 60, Table (a) Maximum Allowable Quantity of Hazardous Materials per Control Area of this code and Chapter 34, Table Maximum Allowable Quanitty of Hazardous Materials per Control Area of NFPA , contain limitations for storage of baled cotton. This limitation should not be applied to densely-packed cotton bales as they have been shown not to be a hazardous material and are no longer classified as a flammable solid. In order to be able to do this, the definitions of the various types of baled cotton need to be added to the code, so that it can be made clear in Table (a) that it does not apply to densely-packed cotton bales. Companion proposals on definitions were sent to both this code and NFPA 5000, on definitions for baled cotton (3.3.44), with the appropriate annex references. The definition of Baled Cotton, Fire-Packed Baled Cotton and Naked Cotton Bale are taken from NFPA 230, Standard for the Fire Protection of Storge (2003). Details of Fire Tests on Cotton Bales and Their Results A. Types of Cotton Bales Tested: Bales of cotton are normally wrapped for shipment in one of three fashions: woven polypropylene (PP), polyethylene sheeting (PE), or burlap (jute), with woven PP representing about 80% of the bale covers. There is abundant literature indicating that polypropylene and polyethylene are plastics have similar fire performance. Thus, the tests were conducted using bales wrapped with a woven polypropylene (PP) and bales wrapped with burlap. The cotton was made into densely-packed baled cotton, at densities ranging from 24 to 28 lb/ft3 (ca. 385 to 450 kg/m3). Each bale weighed approximately 500 lb (ca. 227 kg) and measured approximately 66 in. high by 36 in. wide by 42 in. deep (ca. 1.7 m x 0.9 m x 1.1 m). The wide side of each bale consisted of loose cotton ends shaped in a semi-round configuration (round side) and the deep side consisted of tightly secured cotton fibers in a flat configuration (flat side). B. Test Laboratory: All of the fire tests were conducted at Omega Point Laboratories, in Elmendorf, TX. C. Test Setups: C1. Cigarette Tests (similar to NFPA 261, Standard Method of Test for Determining Resistance of Mock-Up Upholstered Furniture Material Assemblies to Ignition by Smoldering Cigarettes, and ASTM E 1352, Standard Test Method for Cigarette Ignition Resistance of Mock-Upholstered Furniture Assemblies): four lighted cigarettes were placed on the tops of the PP and burlap wrapped cotton bales, approximately 8 in. (ca m) apart, and allowed to burn their full length. The test was allowed to proceed for 1 hour. Char length on the cotton bale and/or ignition of the bale was monitored throughout the test. The pass/fail criterion associated with regulatory use of these tests is: a sample passes if there is no evidence of flaming ignition, no continued smoldering and the char length does not exceed 2 in. (51 mm). C2. Match Tests (similar to NFPA 705, Recommended Practice for a Field Flame Test for Textiles and Films): four lighted wooden matches were placed on the tops of the PP and burlap wrapped cotton bales, approximately 8 in. (ca m) apart, and allowed to burn their full length. The test was allowed

15 to proceed for 1 hour. Char length on the cotton bale and/or ignition of the bale was monitored throughout the test. The pass/fail criterion associated with field use of this tests is: during the exposure, flaming should not spread over the complete length of the sample or in excess of 4 in. (101.6 mm) from the bottom of the sample (for larger size samples); there should be not more than 2 seconds of afterflame, and materials that break or drip flaming particles should be rejected if the materials continue to burn after they reach the floor. C3. Heat Release Tests (similar to ASTM E 1590, Standard Test Method for Fire Testing of Mattresses, California Technical Bulletin 129, Flammability Test Procedure for Mattresses for Use in Public Buildings, and NFPA 267, Standard Method of Test for Fire Characteristics of Mattresses and Bedding Assemblies Exposed to Flaming Ignition Source, withdrawn): C3.1 Ignition source: The ignition source used was a 8.07 in. (205 mm) long T burner, constructed of 0.47 in. (12 mm) outside diameter stainless steel tubing with in. (0.89 mm) wall thickness, with 14 holes at 45 degrees above the centerline (0.039 in. (1 mm) in diameter and pointing upward) and spaced 0.5 in. (13 mm) apart and 9 holes at 45 degrees below the centerline (0.039 in. (1 mm) in diameter and pointing downward) also spaced 0.5 in. (13 mm) apart. The holes are positioned such that the handle of the burner is at a 30 degree angle from the horizontal plane. The burner was placed centrally in front of the cotton bale, such that the front of the burner was 2 in. (51 mm) in front of the cotton bale and 6 in. (152 mm) from the bottom of the cotton bale. The gas burner was fueled with propane gas, adjusted at a flow rate of 12 L/min (3.17 gallons/min) and allowed to burn for 180 seconds. C3.2 Other measurements: The cotton bale was placed on a load cell (for continuous measurement of sample mass) which, in turn, was placed centrally under a collection hood. In the hood, oxygen concentration, flow rates, temperatures and pressures were measured continuously, to permit the assessment of heat release via the oxygen consumption calorimetry principle. Two Type K thermocouples were placed on each cotton bale: one 6 in. (152 mm) into the cotton bale in the same horizontal plane as the burner, to measure the cotton bale core temperature continuously and one on the surface of the cotton bale in the vicinity of the burner, to measure the flame temperature continuously. Tests were conducted on 4 samples: PP-wrapped cotton bale, exposed from the round side and from the flat side and burlapwrapped cotton bale, exposed from the round side and from the flat side. C3.3 Pass/fail criteria: This test, using an ignition source of 17.8 kw, is the most severe fire test in the United States for mattresses. There are two sets of pass/fail criteria associated with this test: (a) those contained in the NFPA 101 Life Safety Code and International Fire Code, for use of mattresses in unsprinklered health care and detention occupancies and (b) those contained in California TB 129, also for use in unsprinklered detention occupancies. The pass fail criteria are based on 3 properties: Peak Heat Release Rate (Pk RHR, in kw), Total Heat Release (THR, in MJ), at a certain time following the start of the test and Mass Loss (in lb), at 10 minutes of test. wrapping melted a maximum of 8 in. (200 mm). While the cigarette burnt, the polypropylene melted and shrunk, carrying the cigarette along the melting point. Flaming ignition did not occur. No continued smoldering or flaming combustion occurred. The PP wrapped cotton bales easily passed the test. D1.2: Burlap wrapped cotton bales/cigarette test: as soon as the cigarettes finished burning, the extent of the char on the cotton was less than 1/8 in. (3 mm) from the nearest point of the worst case cigarette. The burlap wrapping charred only directly underneath the cigarette on all four ignition points. Flaming ignition did not occur. No continued smoldering or flaming combustion occurred. The burlap wrapped cotton bales easily passed the test. D2.1: PP wrapped cotton bales/match test: as soon as the matches finished burning, the extent of the char on the cotton was less than 1/8 in. (3 mm) from the nearest point of the worst case cigarette. The polypropylene wrapping melted a maximum of 0.5 in. (13 mm). No continued flaming combustion occurred. A the end of the one hour test, only two of the ignition points continued smoldering. The char depth at all of the ignition points was less than 1 in. (25 mm). The PP wrapped cotton bales passed the test. D2.2: Burlap wrapped cotton bales/match test: as soon as the matches finished burning, the extent of the char on the cotton was negligible. The burlap charred only slightly in the immediate vicinity of the matches. No continued flaming combustion occurred. A the end of the one hour test, none of the ignition points continued smoldering. The char depth at the worst of the ignition points was approximately 1 in. (25 mm). The burlap wrapped cotton bales passed the test. D3: Heat release tests: the results are shown in Table 1. All tests easily pass the NFPA 101/IFC criteria and three of the four tests easily pass the CA TB 129 criteria. The burlap-wrapped cotton bale (flat side) is borderline on the CA TB 129 criteria, passing within the test margin of error. The peak heat release rate of the cotton bales, as densely-packed baled cotton, is much lower than that of the majority of common combustibles, none of which are designated as flammable solids or hazardous materials. A number of such heat release rate test data are shown in Table 2. Details of Spontaneous Combustion Tests on Cotton Bales and Their Results Stresau Laboratory, Inc., an independent laboratory specializing in hazardous materials evaluation, assessed raw cotton in accordance with the Department of Transportation (US DOT) self-heating test for materials. The test is specified in 49 CFR 173, Appendix E 3, Division Materials Liable to Spontaneous Combustion. b. Self-heating Materials (1) Test Method for Self- Heating Materials and (2) Criteria for Classification. A sample of raw cotton weighing 53.2 g was loosely filled into a 10 cm3 fine mesh, wire basket, which was placed in an oven set at 285 deg F (140 deg C), and the temperature was recorded over a 24 hour period. A material is classified as liable to spontaneous combustion (Division 4.2, by US DOT) only if spontaneous ignition occurs or if the temperature of the sample exceeds 392 deg F (200 deg C) during the 24 hour test. In fact, spontaneous ignition did not occur and the temperature never exceeded 392 deg F (200 deg C). Criteria Peak Heat Release Rate Total Consequently, this test demonstrate that cotton is not liable to spontaneous Heat Release Mass Loss combustion. NFPA 101/IFC: < 250 kw < 40 MJ (@ 5 min) Note: Supporting material available for review at NFPA Headquarters. - CA TB 129 < 100 kw < 25 MJ (@ 10 min) < 3 lb (@ 10 min) D. Test Results D1.1: PP wrapped cotton bales/cigarette test: as soon as the cigarettes finished burning, the extent of the char on the cotton was less than 1/8 in. (3 mm) from the nearest point of the worst case cigarette. The polypropylene Unit Table 1 Baled Cotton Test Fire Test Results PP wrapped round side PP wrapped flat side Burlap wrapped flat side Heat Release Test Pk RHR kw (early spike only) 58.6 NFPA 101/IFC Criterion kw <250 <250 <250 <250 CA TB 129 Criterion kw <100 <100 <100 <100 Time to pk RHR min THR after 5 min MJ NFPA 101/IFC Criterion MJ <40 <40 <40 <40 THR after 10 min MJ CA TB 129 Criterion MJ <25 <25 <25 <25 THR after 30 min MJ THR after 60 min MJ THR after 90 min MJ THR after 120 min MJ Wt 10 min lbs CA TB Criterion lbs <3 <3 <3 <3 Avg Wt Loss per min lbs Max Char Depth (top 6 in) in NA 0.75 Max Char Depth (other) in Pk Core Temp deg F NA Time Ignition Source Off min Time Flames Ceased min Cigarette Test Max Char Depth in NA 0.13 NA 0.13 Match Test Max Char Depth in NA 0.13 PP: 0.5 NA 1.00 Burlap wrapped round side 1-15

16 Table 2 - Heat Release Rate Data on Combustible Commodities 1. Data from the NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) Website Waste paper basket Small TV Set Mattress (center burn) Mattresses (side burn) Mattress (corner burn) Kiosk Workstation (2 panel) Wooden Pallets (4, without combustibles) Small dresser Christmas tree (natural) Loveseat Sofa Bunk Bed Workstation (3 panel) 40 kw 290 kw 740 kw 940 kw & 1.1 MW 1.0 MW 1.0 MW 1.7 MW 1.7 MW 1.8 MW 1.7 MW to 5.2 MW 3.0 MW 3.5 MW 4.6 MW 6.6 MW 2. Data from Underwriters Laboratories Two-way wooden pallets with Class II commodities Four-way wooden pallets with Class II commodities 3. Other Heat Release Data: Curtains, Cotton Velvet (0.86 lbs) Curtains, Acrylic Cotton (0.64 lbs) TV set ( lbs) Small Table (Hirschler) Residential Mattress (Hirschler) Childrenʼs Mall Playground (Hirschler) > 6.0 MW before sprinkler activation > 8.5 MW before sprinkler activation kw kw kw 500 kw up to > 3.5 MW > 5 MW Meeting Action: Accept in Principle See Action on Proposal (Log #160). Statement: The believes its action on Proposal (Log #160) meets the submitterʼs intent Log# 161 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept in Principle (3.3.94, A , A Flame Spread Rating, Smoke Developed Index (New)) Submitter : Marcelo M. Hirschler, GBH International Recommendation: Delete the following text: * Flame Spread Rating. The comparative performance of fire travel over the surface of a material when tested in accordance with the provisions of NFPA 255, Standard Method of Test of Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials. Replace with: Flame Spread Index. A comparative measure, expressed as a dimensionless number, derived from visual measurements of the spread of flame vs. time for a material tested in accordance with NFPA 255 or with ASTM E 84. Delete: A Flame Spread Rating. ASTM E 84 is equivalent to NFPA 255, Standard Method of Test of Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials. Add a new definition to read as follows: 3.3.XX Smoke Developed Index. A comparative measure, expressed as a dimensionless number, derived from measurements of smoke obscuration vs. time for a material tested in accordance with NFPA 255 or with ASTM E 84. Add new definition of smoke developed index and revise numbering of definitions as appropriate. Revise text to read as follows: A Testing per NFPA 701, Standard Methods of Fire Tests for Flame Propagation of Textiles and Films, applies to textiles and films used in a hanging configuration. If the textiles and films are to be applied to surfaces of buildings or backing materials as interior finishes for use in buildings, they should be treated as interior wall and ceiling finishes in accordance with Section 10.2 of NFPA 101, and they should then be tested for flame spread rating index and smoke developed index development values in accordance with NFPA 255, Standard Method of Test of Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials, or for flame spread and flashover in accordance with NFPA 265, Standard Methods of Fire Tests for Evaluating Room Fire Growth Contribution of Textile Coverings on Full Height Panels and Walls. Substantiation: This proposal contains the correct terminology and is not associated with any other issue. This definition, originating in ASTM E5 (Fire Standards) is being adopted by NFPA 101 and NFPA The correct term is flame spread index and not flame spread rating, and its parallel is smoke developed index. Meeting Action: Accept in Principle 1. Delete existing definition Flame Spread Rating and its Annex. 2. Extract the definition of Flame Spread Index from NFPA 101 to read: 3.3.xx Flame Spread Index. A comparative measure, expressed as a dimensionless number, derived from visual measurements of the spread of flame vs. time for a material tested in accordance with NFPA 255 or with ASTM E 84. [ 101:3.3] 3. Do not revise A Statement: The decided to extract the definition and annex for Flame Spread Index from NFPA 101, since the term is used in context with extracts from NFPA 101. The does not agree with the submitter that A needs to be revised to reflect the proposed change in defined terms being incorporated into the Code. Comment on Affirmative SHAPIRO: The committee did not accept the proponentʼs definition of Smoke Developed Index because the term is not used in NFPA 1UFC. In addition, the committee directed that the annex section associated with NFPA 101:3.3.?? for Flame Spread Index be extracted into NFPA 1 UFC along with the definition, but this was not included in the ROP ballot text. Presumably, this definition and the associated annex section are submittals to the 2006 edition of NFPA 101 because they were not found in NFPA 1 UFC Log# 158 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept in Principle ( , A High Hazard Level 3 Contents (New) ) Submitter : Marcelo M. Hirschler, GBH International / Rep. National Cotton Council Recommendation: Revise text to read as follows: * High Hazard Level 3 Contents. High Hazard Level 3 contents include materials that readily support combustion or present a physical hazard, including but not be limited to: aerosols, Level 2 and Level 3; Class I, II or III-A flammable or combustible liquids which are used or stored in normally closed containers or systems pressurized at less that 15 pounds per square inch (103.4kPa) gage; consumer fireworks, 1.4G; flammable solids, other than dusts classified as High Hazard Level 2, stored, used or generated in a manner creating a high fire hazard; organic peroxides, Class II and Class III; oxidizers, Class 2; Oxidizers, Class 3 which are used or stored in normally closed containers or systems pressurized at less that 15 pounds per square inch (103.4 kpa) gage; oxidizing gases and oxidizing cryogenic liquids; unstable (reactive) materials, Class 2; and water-reactive materials, Class 2. A Note that cotton fibers made into banded bales, with a packing density of at least 360 kg/m 2 (22 lb/ft 3 ), and dimensions complying with the following: a length of 1400 ± 20 mm (ca. 55 in.), a width of 530 ± 20 mm (ca. 21 in.)and a height of mm ( in.) will not readily ignite when heat sources are present (Wakelyn and Hughs, 2002) and are not considered flammable solids or hazardous materials. Also, add to a new section K a reference to P.J. Wakelyn and S.E. Hughs, Evaluation of the Flammability of Cotton Bales, Fire and Materials Volume 26, pages (2002). 1-16

17 Substantiation: In order to counteract some historical anecdotal information regarding the combustibility characteristics of densely-packed cotton bales, 1-39 Log# 92 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept in Principle in Part flammability research was conducted, including the following experiments and results, with details contained towards the end of the substantiation: (1) Standard cotton fibre passed the Department of Transportation spontaneous combustion test: the cotton did not exceed the oven temperature and was not classified as self-heating. (2) Cotton within densely-packed cotton bales did not cause sustained smoldering propagation: an electric heater placed within the bale was unable to cause sustained smoldering propagation, due to the lack of oxygen inside the densely-packed bale. (3) Cotton within densely-packed cotton bales was exposed to ignition from a cigarette and a match and performed very well: no propagating combustion with either. (4) Cotton within densely-packed cotton bales was exposed to ignition from the gas burner source in ASTM E 1590 (also known as California Technical Bulletin 129; 12 L/min of propane gas for 180 seconds) and passed all the criteria of CA TB 129: mass loss of less than 1.36 kg (3 pounds), heat release rate less than 100 kw and total heat release of less than 25 MJ in the first 10 minutes of test. In consequence, the US Department of Transportation (US Coast Guard), the United Nations and the International Maritime Organization have all removed the listing of baled cotton from the list of hazardous materials, and from the list of flammable solids, provided the cotton bales are the type of bales listed above. Chapter 60, Table (a) Maximum Allowable Quantity of Hazardous Materials per Control Area of this code and Chapter 34, Table ( One- and Two-Family Dwellings) Submitter : Scott W. Adams, Park City Fire Service District / Rep. UFCA/ WFCA Recommendation: Revise text to read as follows: One and Two-Family Dwellings. One- and two-family dwelling units include buildings containing not more than two dwelling units in which each dwelling unit is occupied by members of a single family with not more than three outsiders, if any, accommodated in rented rooms. Substantiation: The AHJ has the authority to classify occupancy use. The AHJ can classify a building as a lodging or rooming house. This issue does not recognize that occupants may not be from a single family. Large oneand two-family homes could exceed three outsiders. Meeting Action: Accept in Principle in Part Extract the definition for One- and Two-Family Dwelling Unit from NFPA 101 to read: One- and Two-Family Dwelling Unit. A building that contains not more than two dwelling units with independent cooking and bathroom facilities. [ 101 :2006] Statement: The has chosen to extract the definition from NFPA 101, as that TC is responsible for the definitions of occupancy classifications. Maximum Allowable Quantity of Hazardous Materials per Control Area of 1-40 Log# 32 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept in Principle NFPA , contain limitations for storage of baled cotton. This limitation should not be applied to densely-packed cotton bales as they have been shown not to be a hazardous material and are no longer classified as a flammable solid. In order to be able to do this, the definitions of the various types of baled cotton need to be added to the code, so that it can be made clear in Table (a) that it does not apply to densely-packed cotton bales. Companion proposals on definitions were sent to both this code and NFPA 5000, on definitions for baled cotton (3.3.44), with the appropriate annex references. The definitions of Baled Cotton, Fire-Packed Baled Cotton and Naked Cotton Bale are taken from NFPA 230, Standard for the Fire Protection of Storage (2003). Details on the fire test results and additional information has been provided with other proposals. Meeting Action: Accept in Principle See Action on Proposal (Log #160). Statement: The believes that they have met the submitterʼs intent by recommending the exclusion of baled cotton from the provisions of Chapter 62. They do not believe that there is a need to add the annex note for High Hazard Level 3 Contents. ( Mini-Storage Facility (New) ) Recommendation: Add definition for Mini-Storage Facility * Storage Occupancy. An occupancy used primarily for the storage or sheltering of goods, merchandise, products, vehicles, or animals. [ 101 : 3.3] Mini-Storage Facility. A storage occupancy partitioned into areas which are rented or leased by individuals or companies for the purpose of storing personal or business items. Substantiation: This definition would identify a sub-category of Storage Occupancy. Mini-Storage facilities are unique in the manner they are built and an AHJʼs ability to inspect those facilities. Absentee owners secure most of the rented or leased spaces and what is actually stored in these spaces canʼt be verified by the AHJ. This definition is required to another code submittal to address fire sprinkler protection requirements for these facilities. See code submittal for Section Meeting Action: Accept in Principle Add a new definition for Mini-Storage Facility with supporting annex to read: * Mini-Storage Facility. A storage occupancy in which non-fire 1-38 Log# 31 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept in Principle resistance rated partitions are used to subdivide the occupancy into individual ( Hazardous Production Material (HPM) (New) ) Recommendation: Add definition of Hazardous Production Material Hazardous Production Material (HPM). A solid, liquid or gas associated with semiconductor manufacturing that has a degree-of-hazard rating in health, flammability or reactivity of Class 3 or 4 as ranked by NFPA 704 and which is used directly in research, laboratory or production processes which have as their end product materials which are not hazardous. [ 5000 : ] Substantiation: This Proposal would add the definition of a Hazardous Production Material to Chapter 3 Definitions. The definition is extracted from NFPA This term appears twice within Chapter 60 that deals with Hazardous Materials. Sections & use this term without defining it. Meeting Action: Accept in Principle In existing , replace definition for Health Hazard Material with the following: Hazardous Production Material (HPM). A solid, liquid, or gas associated with semiconductor manufacturing that has a degree-of-hazard rating of 3 or 4 in health, flammability, instability or water reactivity as storage units that are not owner occupied. A Garage units that are primarily intended for vehicular storage as part of a multi-family development are not intended to be classified as mini-storage facilities. Statement: The agrees with the submitterʼs recommendation to add a definition and annex material for Mini-Storage Facility, but revised the definition to take account of the concerns of interpretation and applicability to facilities that could be impacted by the requirement. Ballot Results: Affirmative: 28 Negative: 1 Explanation of Negative: THORNBERRY: I am voting Negative on this Proposal since it creates a definition for a mini-storage facility that goes way beyond what I believe was intended by the proponent. As it is written, it would apply to any general warehouse type facility that is being subleased to various tenants. This would, in effect, circumvent the jurisdiction of NFPA 5000 for establishing automatic sprinkler system thresholds for storage occupanices based on the ʼs Accept in Principle of related Proposal 1-97 (Log #44) which requires automatic sprinkler protection for mini-storage facilities that exceed 2,500 sq. ft. in area. It should be noted that the sprinkler threshold area for storage occupancies in NFPA 5000 is 12,000 sq. ft. ranked by in accordance with NFPA 704 and that is used directly in research, laboratory, or production processes that have as their end product materials that are not hazardous Log# 167 UFC-AAA Final Action: Reject Statement: The has chosen to use the same ( , A Flammable Solid) definition for Hazardous Production Material (HPM) as NFPA Comment on Affirmative SHAPIRO: The committee action is in error. The committee approved adding a new definition for Hazardous Production Material as opposed to replacing the existing definition for Health Hazard Material. The existing definition for Hazard Material must be maintained. Submitter : Marcelo M. Hirschler, GBH International / Rep. National Cotton Council Recommendation: Revise text to read as follows: * Flammable Solid. A solid substance, other than a substance defined as a blasting agent or explosive, that is liable to cause fire resulting from friction or retained heat from manufacture, that has an ignition temperature below 212 F (110 C), or which burns so vigorously or persistently when 1-17

18 ignited that it creates a serious hazard. (the International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code) and the International A Flammable Solid. Flammable solids include finely divided solid Civil Aviation Organizationʼs Technical Instructions, with the removal of the materials that when dispersed in air as a cloud could be ignited and cause an flammable solid designation from densely-packed cotton bales, complying explosion. Densely-packed cotton bales (see definition) have been shown not with ISO 8115, ʻʻCotton Bales - Dimensions and Densityʼʼ and the exemption to constitute flammable solids. of such cotton bales from the Hazardous Materials Regulations. Substantiation: In order to counteract some historical anecdotal information The definitions of Baled Cotton, Fire-Packed Baled Cotton and Naked regarding the combustibility characteristics of densely-packed cotton bales, Cotton Bale are taken from NFPA 230, Standard for the Fire Protection of flammability research was conducted, including the following experiments Storage (2003). and results, with details contained towards the end of the substantiation: Details of Fire Tests on Cotton Bales and Their Results (1) Standard cotton fibre passed the Department of Transportation A. Types of Cotton Bales Tested: spontaneous combustion test: the cotton did not exceed the oven temperature Bales of cotton are normally wrapped for shipment in one of three and was not classified as self-heating. fashions: woven polypropylene (PP), polyethylene sheeting (PE), or burlap (2) Cotton within densely-packed cotton bales did not cause sustained (jute), with woven PP representing about 80% of the bale covers. There is smoldering propagation: an electric heater placed within the bale was unable abundant literature indicating that polypropylene and polyethylene are plastics to cause sustained smoldering propagation, due to the lack of oxygen inside have similar fire performance. Thus, the tests were conducted using bales the densely-packed bale. wrapped with a woven polypropylene (PP) and bales wrapped with burlap. (3) Cotton within densely-packed cotton bales was exposed to ignition from The cotton was made into densely-packed baled cotton, at densities ranging a cigarette and a match and performed very well: no propagating combustion from 24 to 28 lb/ft3 (ca. 385 to 450 kg/m3). Each bale weighed approximately with either. 500 lb (ca. 227 kg) and measured approximately 66 in. high by 36 in. wide by (4) Cotton within densely-packed cotton bales was exposed to ignition from 42 in. deep (ca. 1.7 m x 0.9 m x 1.1 m). The wide side of each bale consisted the gas burner source in ASTM E 1590 (also known as California Technical of loose cotton ends shaped in a semi-round configuration (round side) and Bulletin 129; 12 L/min of propane gas for 180 seconds) and passed all the the deep side consisted of tightly secured cotton fibers in a flat configuration criteria of CA TB 129: mass loss of less than 1.36 kg (3 pounds), heat release (flat side). rate less than 100 kw and total heat release of less than 25 MJ in the first 10 B. Test Laboratory: minutes of test. All of the fire tests were conducted at Omega Point Laboratories, in In consequence, the US Department of Transportation (US Coast Guard), Elmendorf, TX. the United Nations and the International Maritime Organization have all C. Test Setups: removed the listing of baled cotton from the list of hazardous materials, and C1. Cigarette Tests (similar to NFPA 261, Standard Method of Test from the list of flammable solids, provided the cotton bales are the type of for Determining Resistance of Mock-Up Upholstered Furniture Material bales listed above. Assemblies to Ignition by Smoldering Cigarettes, and ASTM E 1352, Chapter 60, Table (a) of this code and Chapter 34, Table Standard Test Method for Cigarette Ignition Resistance of Mock-Upholstered Maximum Allowable Quantity of Hazardous Materials per Control Area Furniture Assemblies): four lighted cigarettes were placed on the tops of the of NFPA , contain limitations for storage of baled cotton. This PP and burlap wrapped cotton bales, approximately 8 in. (ca m) apart, limitation should not be applied to densely-packed cotton bales as they have and allowed to burn their full length. The test was allowed to proceed for 1 been shown not to be a hazardous material and are no longer classified as a hour. Char length on the cotton bale and/or ignition of the bale was monitored flammable solid. In order to be able to do this, the definitions of the various throughout the test. The pass/fail criterion associated with regulatory use of types of baled cotton need to be added to the code, so that it can be made these tests is: a sample passes if there is no evidence of flaming ignition, no clear that the Table (a) limitations do not apply to densely-packed continued smoldering and the char length does not exceed 2 in. (51 mm). cotton bales. The following is being proposed for the Table in this code (and C2. Match Tests (similar to NFPA 705, Recommended Practice for a Field parallel proposals were sent to NFPA 5000): Flame Test for Textiles and Films): four lighted wooden matches were placed Add a new note h to the reference to cotton {baled} for combustible on the tops of the PP and burlap wrapped cotton bales, approximately 8 in. fiber in Table (a), and renumber existing notes h and above to (ca m) apart, and allowed to burn their full length. The test was allowed become notes I and above: to proceed for 1 hour. Char length on the cotton bale and/or ignition of the Note h: Cotton, dry, is not subject to the requirements of this Table when bale was monitored throughout the test. The pass/fail criterion associated with it is baled as Densely- Packed Baled Cotton as it is not a flammable solid. field use of this tests is: during the exposure, flaming should not spread over Densely-packed baled cotton is cotton made into banded bales, with a packing the complete length of the sample or in excess of 4 in. (101.6 mm) from the density of at least 360 kg/m2 (22 lb/ft3), and dimensions complying with the bottom of the sample (for larger size samples); there should be not more than following: a length of 1400 ± 20 mm, a width of 530 ± 20 mm and a height of 2 seconds of afterflame, and materials that break or drip flaming particles mm. should be rejected if the materials continue to burn after they reach the floor. Another companion proposal on definitions is being sent to both NFPA 1 C3. Heat Release Tests (similar to ASTM E 1590, Standard Test Method for and NFPA 5000, as follows for NFPA 1: Fire Testing of Mattresses, California Technical Bulletin 129, Flammability Baled Cotton Definitions Test Procedure for Mattresses for Use in Public Buildings, and NFPA 267, Baled Cotton. A natural seed fiber wrapped and secured Standard Method of Test for Fire Characteristics of Mattresses and Bedding in industry-accepted materials, usually consisting of burlap, woven Assemblies Exposed to Flaming Ignition Source, withdrawn): polypropylene, or sheet polyethylene, and secured with steel, synthetic, or C3.1 Ignition source: The ignition source used was a 8.07 in. (205 mm) wire bands, or wire; also includes linters (lint removed from the cottonseed) long T burner, constructed of 0.47 in. (12 mm) outside diameter stainless and motes (residual materials from the ginning process), steel tubing with in. (0.89 mm) wall thickness, with 14 holes at * Densely-Packed Baled Cotton. Cotton, made into banded bales, degrees above the centerline (0.039 in. (1 mm) in diameter and pointing with a packing density of at least 360 kg/m2 (22 lb/ft3), and dimensions upward) and spaced 0.5 in. (13 mm) apart and 9 holes at 45 degrees below the complying with the following: a length of 1400 ± 20 mm (ca. 55 in.), a width centerline (0.039 in. (1 mm) in diameter and pointing downward) also spaced of 530 ± 20 mm (ca. 21 in.)and a height of mm ( in.). 0.5 in. (13 mm) apart. The holes are positioned such that the handle of the Fire-Packed Baled Cotton. A cotton bale within which a fire has burner is at a 30 degree angle from the horizontal plane. been packed as a result of a process, ginning being the most frequent cause. The burner was placed centrally in front of the cotton bale, such that the Naked Cotton Bale. An unwrapped cotton bale secured with wire front of the burner was 2 in. (51 mm) in front of the cotton bale and 6 in. or steel straps. (152 mm) from the bottom of the cotton bale. The gas burner was fueled Cotton which has been baled. with propane gas, adjusted at a flow rate of 12 L/min (3.17 gallons/min) and Renumber definitions following as onwards. allowed to burn for 180 seconds. A Experimental work by the US Department of Agriculture, C3.2 Other measurements: The cotton bale was placed on a load cell and others (Wakelyn and Hughs, 2002), investigated the flammability of (for continuous measurement of sample mass) which, in turn, was placed cotton bales with a packing density of at least 360 kg/m2 (22 lb/ft3). The centrally under a collection hood. In the hood, oxygen concentration, flow research showed that such cotton bales (densely-packed cotton bales) did not rates, temperatures and pressures were measured continuously, to permit undergo self-heating nor spontaneous combustion and that the likelihood the assessment of heat release via the oxygen consumption calorimetry of sustained smoldering combustion internal to the cotton bale, creating a principle. Two Type K thermocouples were placed on each cotton bale: one 6 delayed fire hazard, was extremely low. The same research also showed that, in. (152 mm) into the cotton bale in the same horizontal plane as the burner, when the cotton bales were exposed to smoldering cigarettes, matches and to measure the cotton bale core temperature continuously and one on the open flames (including the gas burner ignition source used for the mattress surface of the cotton bale in the vicinity of the burner, to measure the flame tests ASTM E 1590 and California Technical Bulletin 129), the probability temperature continuously. Tests were conducted on 4 samples: PP-wrapped of initiating flaming combustion was at such a low level as not to qualify cotton bale, exposed from the round side and from the flat side and burlapwrapped cotton bale, exposed from the round side and from the flat side. the densely-packed cotton bales as flammable solids. These investigations resulted in harmonization between the U.S. Department of Transportation C3.3 Pass/fail criteria: This test, using an ignition source of 17.8 kw, is the (49CFR , note 137), the United Nations Recommendations on the most severe fire test in the United States for mattresses. There are two sets of Transport of Dangerous Goods, the International Maritime Organization pass/fail criteria associated with this test: (a) those contained in the NFPA 101 Life Safety Code and International Fire Code, for use of mattresses in unsprinklered health care and detention occupancies and (b) those contained in California TB 129, also for use in 1-18

19 unsprinklered detention occupancies. The pass fail criteria are based on 3 properties: Peak Heat Release Rate (Pk RHR, in kw), Total Heat Release (THR, in MJ), at a certain time following the start of the test and Mass Loss (in lb), at 10 minutes of test. Criteria Peak Heat Release Rate Total Heat Release Mass Loss NFPA 101/IFC: < 250 kw < 40 MJ (@ 5 min) - CA TB 129 < 100 kw < 25 MJ (@ 10 min) < 3 lb (@ 10 min) D. Test Results D1.1: PP wrapped cotton bales/cigarette test: as soon as the cigarettes finished burning, the extent of the char on the cotton was less than 1/8 in. (3 mm) from the nearest point of the worst case cigarette. The polypropylene wrapping melted a maximum of 8 in. (200 mm). While the cigarette burnt, the polypropylene melted and shrunk, carrying the cigarette along the melting point. Flaming ignition did not occur. No continued smoldering or flaming combustion occurred. The PP wrapped cotton bales easily passed the test. D1.2: Burlap wrapped cotton bales/cigarette test: as soon as the cigarettes finished burning, the extent of the char on the cotton was less than 1/8 in. (3 mm) from the nearest point of the worst case cigarette. The burlap wrapping charred only directly underneath the cigarette on all four ignition points. Flaming ignition did not occur. No continued smoldering or flaming combustion occurred. The burlap wrapped cotton bales easily passed the test. D2.1: PP wrapped cotton bales/match test: as soon as the matches finished burning, the extent of the char on the cotton was less than 1/8 in. (3 mm) from the nearest point of the worst case cigarette. The polypropylene wrapping melted a maximum of 0.5 in. (13 mm). No continued flaming combustion occurred. A the end of the one hour test, only two of the ignition points continued smoldering. The char depth at all of the ignition points was less than 1 in. (25 mm). The PP wrapped cotton bales passed the test. D2.2: Burlap wrapped cotton bales/match test: as soon as the matches finished burning, the extent of the char on the cotton was negligible. The burlap charred only slightly in the immediate vicinity of the matches. No continued flaming combustion occurred. A the end of the one hour test, none of the ignition points continued smoldering. The char depth at the worst of the ignition points was approximately 1 in. (25 mm). The burlap wrapped cotton bales passed the test. D3: Heat release tests: the results are shown in Table 1. All tests easily pass the NFPA 101/IFC criteria and three of the four tests easily pass the CA TB 129 criteria. The burlap-wrapped cotton bale (flat side) is borderline on the CA TB 129 criteria, passing within the test margin of error. The peak heat release rate of the cotton bales, as densely-packed baled cotton, is much lower than that of the majority of common combustibles, none of which are designated as flammable solids or hazardous materials. A number of such heat release rate test data are shown in Table 2. Details of Spontaneous Combustion Tests on Cotton Bales and Their Results Stresau Laboratory, Inc., an independent laboratory specializing in hazardous materials evaluation, assessed raw cotton in accordance with the Department of Transportation (US DOT) self-heating test for materials. The test is specified in 49 CFR 173, Appendix E 3, Division Materials Liable to Spontaneous Combustion. b. Self-heating Materials (1) Test Method for Self- Heating Materials and (2) Criteria for Classification. A sample of raw cotton weighing 53.2 g was loosely filled into a 10 cm3 fine mesh, wire basket, which was placed in an oven set at 285 deg F (140 deg C), and the temperature was recorded over a 24 hour period. A material is classified as liable to spontaneous combustion (Division 4.2, by US DOT) only if spontaneous ignition occurs or if the temperature of the sample exceeds 392 deg F (200 deg C) during the 24 hour test. In fact, spontaneous ignition did not occur and the temperature never exceeded 392 deg F (200 deg C). Consequently, this test demonstrate that cotton is not liable to spontaneous combustion. Table 2 can be found on the following page. Unit Table 1 Baled Cotton Test Fire Test Results PP wrapped flat PP wrapped round side side 1-19 Note: Supporting material available for review at NFPA Headquarters. Statement: The does not believe that it is necessary to add the proposed annex material because it is not relevant to the defined term Log# 119 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept in Principle ( Store (New) ) Submitter : Rick Thornberry, The Code Consortium, Inc. / Rep. American Pyrotechnics Association Recommendation: Add a new definition for Store, including the associated Annex A note, designate it as * Store, and renumber the remaining definitions accordingly * Store. A building classified as a mercantile occupancy that contains a variety of merchandise and that is not used primarily for the retail sales of consumer fireworks. [ 1124: ] A Store. Stores are subclassified as Class A, Class B, or Class C in accordance with NFPA 101, Life Safety Code. [ 1124: A ] Substantiation: Section General Requirements for Retail Sales of Consumer Fireworks uses the term store within a specific context which requires the definition to clearly understand which requirements apply to stores as compared to consumer fireworks retail sales facilities. This definition and the Annex A note are extracted from NFPA Meeting Action: Accept in Principle Add a new definition for Store including the associated Annex A text and renumber the remaining definitions accordingly * Store (as used in Chapter 65). A building classified as a mercantile occupancy that contains a variety of merchandise and that is not used primarily for the retail sales of consumer fireworks. [ 1124: ] A Store. Stores are subclassified as Class A, Class B, or Class C in accordance with NFPA 101, Life Safety Code. [ 1124: A ] Statement: The accepted the submitterʼs recommendation with a minor editorial change. As modified by the, this definition will only apply to Chapter Log# 133 UFC-AAA Final Action: Reject ( Emergency Power Supply (EPS) (New) ) Submitter : David Stringfield, University of Minnesota Recommendation: Add new text to read as follows: (a) Emergency Power Supply (EPS). The source of electric power of the required capacity and quality for an emergency power supply system (EPSS), including all the related electrical and mechanical components of the proper size and/or capacity required for the generation of the required electrical power at the EPS output terminals (b) Emergency Power Supply System (EPSS). A complete functioning system of an EPS couples to a system that can consist of conductors, disconnecting means, and overcurrent protective devices, transfer switches, and all control supervisory and support devices up to and including the load terminals of the transfer equipment needed for the system to operate as a safe and reliable source of electric power. Burlap wrapped flat side Heat Release Test Pk RHR kw (early spike only) 58.6 NFPA 101/IFC Criterion kw <250 <250 <250 <250 CA TB 129 Criterion kw <100 <100 <100 <100 Time to pk RHR min THR after 5 min MJ NFPA 101/IFC Criterion MJ <40 <40 <40 <40 THR after 10 min MJ CA TB 129 Criterion MJ <25 <25 <25 <25 THR after 30 min MJ THR after 60 min MJ THR after 90 min MJ THR after 120 min MJ Wt 10 min lbs CA TB Criterion lbs <3 <3 <3 <3 Avg Wt Loss per min lbs Max Char Depth (top 6 in) in NA 0.75 Max Char Depth (other) in Pk Core Temp deg F NA Time Ignition Source Off min Time Flames Ceased min Cigarette Test Max Char Depth in NA 0.13 NA 0.13 Match Test Max Char Depth in NA 0.13 PP: 0.5 NA 1.00 Burlap wrapped round side

20 Table 2 - Heat Release Rate Data on Combustible Commodities 1. Data from the NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) Website Waste paper basket Small TV Set Mattress (center burn) Mattresses (side burn) Mattress (corner burn) Kiosk Workstation (2 panel) Wooden Pallets (4, without combustibles) Small dresser Christmas tree (natural) Loveseat Sofa Bunk Bed Workstation (3 panel) 40 kw 290 kw 740 kw 940 kw & 1.1 MW 1.0 MW 1.0 MW 1.7 MW 1.7 MW 1.8 MW 1.7 MW to 5.2 MW 3.0 MW 3.5 MW 4.6 MW 6.6 MW 2. Data from Underwriters Laboratories Two-way wooden pallets with Class II commodities Four-way wooden pallets with Class II commodities 3. Other Heat Release Data: Curtains, Cotton Velvet (0.86 lbs) Curtains, Acrylic Cotton (0.64 lbs) TV set ( lbs) Small Table (Hirschler) Residential Mattress (Hirschler) Childrenʼs Mall Playground (Hirschler) > 6.0 MW before sprinkler activation > 8.5 MW before sprinkler activation kw kw kw 500 kw up to > 3.5 MW > 5 MW (c) Approved, supervised automatic sprinkler system. A combination of an automatic sprinkler system designed and installed in accordance with NFPA 13, 13R or 13D or as approved by the AHJ and a protected premises fire alarm system that supervises the sprinkler alarm and supervisory initiating devices and transmits alarm, trouble and supervisory conditions to an approved supervising station or constantly attended location. Where an automatic fire extinguishing system is installed in lieu of, or in addition to, a sprinkler system for rooms or hazards, the automatic extinguishing system shall be installed in accordance with NFPA standards and supervised by the protected premises fire alarm system in accordance with NFPA 72. Water supplies for the sprinkler system shall be arranged in accordance with NFPA standards and shall be supervised by the protected premises fire alarm system in accordance with NFPA 72. Substantiation: Some important fire protection related systems are left out of the code. The EPS and EPSS are from NFPA 110. The proposal finally defines approved, supervised sprinkler system. Statement: The did not agree with the submitterʼs recommendation to add a defined term for EPS since it was only used once in the Code, while EPSS is not used at all. The definition should be consistent with NFPA 110, as they are the NFPA technical committee that has responsibility for the requirements related to EPS and EPSS Log# 82 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept in Principle in Part (Chapter 4) Submitter : Scott W. Adams, Park City Fire Service District / Rep. UFC/ WFCA Recommendation: 1) Move the text from Section through to Section ) Delete the text in Section ) Move the remainder of the language in Chapter 4 to an Annex chapter. Substantiation: Chapter 4 is not in typical code language and cannot be reasonably applied. However, by moving it to the Annex it still could be used as supportive material to Chapter 5. Meeting Action: Accept in Principle in Part Revise existing to read: 4.1.2* Objectives. To achieve the goals stated in 4.1.1, the goals and objectives of through shall be used to determine the intent of this code satisfied. Statement: The understands the concerns raised by the submitter about the enforceability of the goals and objectives related code provisions included in Chapter 4. However, the proposal removes a critical link to the compliance option in Section 4.3, that is needed to implement either the performance or the prescriptive based options. In addition, the recommendation to delete Chapter 4 makes the format of the document inconsistent with the style used in NFPA 1, NFPA 101 and NFPA 5000 for the same subject. The believes that the proposed revision to should address the submitterʼs concern about enforceability, and also provides clarification for the other existing references as to the ʻintent of the code,ʼ such as in paragraph The believes with the compliance option still in place, it is not appropriate to move to Chapter 10, since the requirements apply to both compliance options. No specific justification was provided by the submitter for the deletion of Log# 93 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept in Principle in Part (4.1, 5.2.2) Submitter : Technical on Fundamentals Recommendation: Revise as follows: 4.1.1* Goals. The primary goals of this Code shall be to provide a reasonable level of are safety, health, property protection and public welfare, including property protection as it relates to the primary goals from the hazards created by fire, explosion, and other hazardous conditions. Insert the following after the second sentence of the existing A Property protection is not included as a highest level goal, as it is contained in most of the other goals. (NFPA 5000:A.4.1.1) Delete and in their entirety and replace with the following: * Public Welfare. The public welfare goal of this code shall be to ensure that the design, construction and operation of the building or facility are consistent with the reasonable expectations of society with respect to cultural heritage preservation and mission continuity. (NFPA 5000: 4.1.6) Cultural Heritage. (NFPA 5000: ) Cultural Heritage Goal. The cultural heritage goal of this Code shall be to ensure that reasonable care in design and construction is provided to preserve the original quality or character of a historic building, facility, structure or site Cultural Heritage Objective. Buildings and facilities shall be designed and constructed to reasonably preserve the original quality or character of a historic building, facility, structure or site Mission Continuity (NFPA 5000: ) * Mission Continuity Goal. The mission continuity goal of this Code shall be to maintain a high probability that the building or facility continues to perform the function for its intended purpose following a fire or hazardous materials event an earthquake, a flood, and other internal or external events. (Changes shown legislatively from text in NFPA 5000) * Mission Continuity Objective. Buildings or facilities that provide a public welfare role for a community shall be designed and constructed to provide reasonable assurance of continued function following a fire or hazardous materials event an earthquake, a flood, and other internal or external events. (Changes shown legislatively from text in NFPA 5000) Revise associated Annex A text as follows: A The reasonable expectations of society are often articulated in other legislation and regulations, or in the expressed direction of public officials. A This goal is applicable to certain buildings or facilities that have been deemed to be necessary to the continued welfare of a community. A Examples of buildings and facilities that provide a public welfare role for a community might include hospitals, fire stations, evacuation centers and electrical generating plants. Also included are buildings and facilities with significant impact on the economic viability of a community. This objective is intended to ensure that such facilities are capable of maintaining their essential services following a disaster, since the communityʼs well being may depend on that service being available.

21 Replace with the following: Cultural Heritage. Additions, alterations and renovations in culturally significant buildings, facilities and structures shall be undertaken so as to preserve their original quality or character and so that, if the additions, alterations or renovations were removed in the future, the essential form and integrity of the original building, facility or structure would be essentially unchanged. (Changes shown legislatively from text in NFPA 5000: ) Replace with the following: Mission Continuity. Buildings and facilities that perform a community public welfare role shall incorporate means appropriate to their function and importance to ensure their continued operation following a fire or hazardous materials event or other natural or man made disaster. (Changes shown legislatively from text in NFPA 5000:5.2.9) Substantiation: This proposal was prepared, and balloted for release, by the Building Code Technical on Fundamentals. The fundamental goals and objectives in the Building Code and the Uniform Fire Code differ, and must be made consistent if NFPA is to truly have Comprehensive Consensus Codes. A fundamental difference between these two codes is how This proposal resulted from the efforts of the NFPA 1 UFC Performance- Based Task Group that was established to review existing Code requirements in Chapters 4 and 5 and prepare proposals for this revision cycle. The NFPA 1 UFC Performance-Based Task Groupʼs efforts are reflected in these proposals to revise Chapters 4 and 5 of NFPA 1 UFC. Meeting Action: Accept Ballot Results: Affirmative: 28 Negative: 1 Explanation of Negative: SHAPIRO: Adding the word sited to this section is too simplistic to address a complex issue. As proposed, the code would require that buildings be sited to provide adequate separation from life safety systems, outdoor storage and structural elements. How one would use building location to minimize impact of a fire or explosion on life safety systems or structural elements is unknown. With respect to outdoor storage, quantities and location of outdoor storage are typically unknown at the time of design and frequently change as the property is used. While outdoor storage can be regulated with respect to building locations, buildings cannot be reasonably designed to be separated from hypothetical outdoor storage configurations. property protection is addressed. Meeting Action: Accept in Principle in Part Revise existing identified portions of Chapter 4 to read: * Public Welfare Goal. The public welfare goal of this Code shall be 1-47 Log# CP5 UFC-AAA ( *, *) Final Action: Accept to ensure maintain a high probability that buildings and facilities that provide a public welfare role for a community shall continue to perform the function for their intended purpose following a fire or hazardous material s related event * Public Welfare Objective. Buildings and facilities that provide a public welfare role for a community shall be designed, constructed, maintained, and operated to provide reasonable assurance of continued function following a the impact of fire or hazardous material s related event Historic Structures and Cultural Resources Buildings. The provisions of this Code shall be permitted to be modified by the AHJ for buildings or structures identified and classified as historic buildings or structures or for buildings containing cultural resources where it is evident that a reasonable degree of safety is provided. in accordance with Section A This goal is applicable to certain buildings and facilities t hat have been deemed to be necessary to the continued welfare of a community. Depending on the nature of the critical mission provided by the building, various stakeholders, including community leaders, AHJs, and owners will identify the mission critical buildings. Mission critical areas should be identified and appropriately protected. The objectives for property protection and mission continuity are sometimes difficult to differentiate: achieving the objectives for property protection might, to a certain extent, accomplish the objectives for mission continuity. Statement: The does not agree with the submitterʼs Submitter : Technical on Uniform Fire Code Recommendation: Revise existing * and * to read: * Public Welfare Goal. The public welfare goal of this Code shall be to ensure that buildings and facilities that provide a public welfare role for a community shall continue to function for their intended purpose following a fire, explosion, or hazardous material related event * Public Welfare Objective. Buildings and facilities that provide a public welfare role for a community shall be designed, constructed, maintained, and operated to provide reasonable assurance of continued function following the impact of fire, explosion, or hazardous material related event. Substantiation: The added the word explosion as a potential loadʼ condition that is consistent with the overall goal of this Code. This reflects requirements from Section 1.2 Purpose. This proposal resulted from the efforts of the NFPA 1 UFC Performance- Based Task Group that was established to review existing Code requirements in Chapters 4 and 5 and prepare proposals for this revision cycle. The NFPA 1 UFC Performance-Based Task Groupʼs efforts are reflected in these proposals to revise Chapters 4 and 5 of NFPA 1 UFC. Meeting Action: Accept Statement: This action will further modify the action on Proposal 1-45 (Log #93). proposed revision to the treatment of property protection in and the deletion of because it conflicts with the basic purpose of this Code, as defined in Section 1.2. The recognizes that the treatment of the property protection goals of NFPA 1 UFC and NFPA 5000 should be consistent, if at all possible. The also believes that having a high level goal for cultural heritage might be appropriate for NFPA 5000, but not for NFPA 1 UFC. However, was revised to include a new reference to cultural resources and to clarify the Code as it applies to historic structures. The proposed addition of a mission continuity goal and objective are covered in the existing public welfare goal and objective, and some of the suggested revisions to the existing text were incorporated into , A and For other than the above noted proposed changes, technical substantiation was not provided to indicate how the changes would be preferable to existing NFPA 1 UFC Code requirements Log# CP17 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept ( ) Submitter : Technical on Uniform Fire Code Recommendation: Revise existing * to read: * Fire Spread and Explosions. In the event that a fire or explosion occurs, the building or facility shall be sited, designed, constructed, and maintained, and operations associated with the facility shall be conducted and protected, to reasonably reduce the impact of unwanted fires and explosions on the adjacent compartments, emergency life safety systems, adjacent properties, adjacent outside storage, and the facilityʼs structural elements. Substantiation: The recognizes that site selection of a building or facility is an important factor to consider in evaluating this objective, especially considering external fire exposures and fires that might impact adjacent properties Log# CP6 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept ( , ) Submitter : Technical on Uniform Fire Code Recommendation: Revise existing and to read: A prescriptive-based option shall be in accordance with Chapter 1 through Chapter 4 and Chapter 10 through Chapter of this Code Where specific requirements contained in Chapter 20 for occupancies differ from general requirements contained in Chapter 1 through Chapter 4 and Chapter 10 through Chapter 71 73, the requirements of Chapter 20 shall govern. Substantiation: This editorially corrects the reference from Chapter 71 to Chapter 73. This proposal resulted from the efforts of the NFPA 1 UFC Performance- Based Task Group that was established to review existing Code requirements in Chapters 4 and 5 and prepare proposals for this revision cycle. The NFPA 1 UFC Performance-Based Task Groupʼs efforts are reflected in these proposals to revise Chapters 4 and 5 of NFPA 1 UFC. Meeting Action: Accept 1-49 Log# CP7 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept ( ) Submitter : Technical on Uniform Fire Code Recommendation: Revise existing to read: Prescriptive requirements shall be permitted to be used as part of the performance approach, if they, in conjunction with assist the performance features, to meet the overall goals and objectives of this Code. Substantiation: The change makes the wording consistent with NFPA 5000, Section This proposal resulted from the efforts of the NFPA 1 UFC Performance- Based Task Group that was established to review existing Code requirements

22 in Chapters 4 and 5 and prepare proposals for this revision cycle. The NFPA 1 UFC Performance-Based Task Groupʼs efforts are reflected in these proposals to revise Chapters 4 and 5 of NFPA 1 UFC. Meeting Action: Accept Meeting Action: Accept 1-54 Log# CP12 UFC-AAA (4.4.6) Final Action: Accept 1-50 Log# CP8 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept ( ) Submitter : Technical on Uniform Fire Code Submitter : Technical on Uniform Fire Code Recommendation: Revise existing to read: No lock or fastening devise shall be permitted that prevents free escape from the inside of any building other than in health care occupancies and detention and correctional occupancies where staff are continually on duty and effective provisions are made to remove occupants in case of fire or other emergency. Substantiation: The change makes the wording consistent with NFPA This proposal resulted from the efforts of the NFPA 1 UFC Performance- Based Task Group that was established to review existing Code requirements in Chapters 4 and 5 and prepare proposals for this revision cycle. The NFPA 1 UFC Performance-Based Task Groupʼs efforts are reflected in these proposals to revise Chapters 4 and 5 of NFPA 1 UFC. Meeting Action: Accept Recommendation: Revise existing to read: System Design/Installation. Any fire protection system, building service equipment, feature of protection, or safeguard provided to achieve the goals of this Code for life safety shall be designed, installed, and approved in accordance with applicable codes and standards referenced in Chapter 2. Substantiation: The recognizes that these systems might be provided for purposes other than life safety. The scope of this requirement has been expanded accordingly. This proposal also expands the references to applicable code and standards used in the document. This proposal resulted from the efforts of the NFPA 1 UFC Performance- Based Task Group that was established to review existing Code requirements in Chapters 4 and 5 and prepare proposals for this revision cycle. The NFPA 1 UFC Performance-Based Task Groupʼs efforts are reflected in these proposals to revise Chapters 4 and 5 of NFPA 1 UFC. Meeting Action: Accept 1-51 Log# CP9 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept ( ) Submitter : Technical on Uniform Fire Code Recommendation: Revise existing to read: Lighting. Illumination of means of egress shall be provided. See Section 5.3.4, item (10). Where artificial illumination is needed in a building or structure, means of egress that require artificial illumination shall be included in the lighting design.. Substantiation: The change clarifies the requirement for illumination of means of egress, which is applicable to both the performance-based and prescriptive-based option. This proposal resulted from the efforts of the NFPA 1 UFC Performance- Based Task Group that was established to review existing Code requirements in Chapters 4 and 5 and prepare proposals for this revision cycle. The NFPA 1 UFC Performance-Based Task Groupʼs efforts are reflected in these proposals to revise Chapters 4 and 5 of NFPA 1 UFC. Meeting Action: Accept 1-52 Log# 128 UFC-AAA Final Action: Reject (4.4.4) Submitter : David Stringfield, University of Minnesota Recommendation: Delete text as follows: Occupant Notification. In every...of fire. Substantiation: This section is way too vague and subjective. Statement: The notes that these requirements are intentionally general in nature. The submitter did not cite examples of how the general nature of the text created enforcement problems. The notes that this text is similar to text found in NFPA 101 and NFPA 5000, and is a fundamental requirement of these Codes Log# CP11 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept (4.4.5) Submitter : Technical on Uniform Fire Code Recommendation: Revise existing to read: Vertical Openings. Every vertical opening between the floors of a building shall be suitably enclosed or protected, as necessary, to accomplish/ achieve provide the following: (1) Afford Reasonable safety to occupants while using the means of egress by preventing spread of fire, smoke, or fumes through vertical openings from floor to floor to allow occupants to complete their use of the means of egress (2) Limit ation of damage to the buildings and its contents Substantiation: The revised the wording to be consistent with the corresponding NFPA 5000 requirement. This proposal resulted from the efforts of the NFPA 1 UFC Performance- Based Task Group that was established to review existing Code requirements in Chapters 4 and 5 and prepare proposals for this revision cycle. The NFPA 1 UFC Performance-Based Task Groupʼs efforts are reflected in these proposals to revise Chapters 4 and 5 of NFPA 1 UFC Log# CP13 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept ( ) Submitter : Technical on Uniform Fire Code Recommendation: Delete existing of NFPA 1 UFC. Substantiation: The believes that the Code already addresses these safety requirements using the imminent danger conditions that are found in , , and , and the general safety goals and objectives in As written, this requirement does not provide guidance on what is considered essential to safety, and also might be construed to include such factors as physical security and safety of occupants in high crime areas. This proposal resulted from the efforts of the NFPA 1 UFC Performance- Based Task Group that was established to review existing Code requirements in Chapters 4 and 5 and prepare proposals for this revision cycle. The NFPA 1 UFC Performance-Based Task Groupʼs efforts are reflected in these proposals to revise Chapters 4 and 5 of NFPA 1 UFC. Meeting Action: Accept 1-56 Log# CP14 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept ( ) Submitter : Technical on Uniform Fire Code Recommendation: Revise existing to read: The warrant of fitness shall attest that the building features, systems, and use have been inspected and confirmed to remain consistent with design specifications outlined in the documentation required by Sections and and that they continue to satisfy the goals and objectives specified in Section 4.1. (See Section Chapter 5. ) Substantiation: The reference in this section should be to the O&M manual described in paragraph Also, paragraph includes requirements for a mandatory annual certification of performance-based designed facilities and buildings. This proposal resulted from the efforts of the NFPA 1 UFC Performance- Based Task Group that was established to review existing Code requirements in Chapters 4 and 5 and prepare proposals for this revision cycle. The NFPA 1 UFC Performance-Based Task Groupʼs efforts are reflected in these proposals to revise Chapters 4 and 5 of NFPA 1 UFC. Meeting Action: Accept 1-57 Log# CP18 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept ( ) Submitter : Technical on Uniform Fire Code Recommendation: Revise existing to read: Whenever or wherever any device, equipment, system, condition, arrangement, level of protection, or any other feature is required for compliance with the provisions of this Code, such device, equipment, system, condition, arrangement, level of protection, or other feature shall thereafter be continuously maintained in accordance with applicable NFPA requirements, requirements developed as part of a performance-based design, or as directed by the AHJ.

23 Substantiation: The revision makes the text consistent with (1) Treatment for patients that renders the patients incapable of taking action on an NFPA 101 proposal to clarify unique performancebased design maintenance requirements. action for self-preservation under emergency conditions without the assistance of others This proposal resulted from the efforts of the NFPA 1 UFC Performance- Based Task Group that was established to review existing Code requirements (2) Anesthesia that renders the patients incapable of taking action for in Chapters 4 and 5 and prepare proposals for this revision cycle. The NFPA 1 self-preservation under emergency conditions without the assistance of others UFC Performance-Based Task Groupʼs efforts are reflected in these proposals (3) Emergency or urgent care for patients who, due to the nature of to revise Chapters 4 and 5 of NFPA 1 UFC. their injury or illness, are incapable of taking action for self-preservation Meeting Action: Accept under emergency conditions without the assistance of others [101: ] Other. (Reserved) 1-58 Log# CP4 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept Detention and Correctional. (Chapter 6 (New)) Submitter : Technical on Uniform Fire Code Recommendation: 1. Revise existing to read as follows: Occupancy classifications and subclassifications, as defined, shall be in accordance with Chapter Extract Section 6.1, Classification of Occupancy, from NFPA 101 with its supporting Annex text as a new Chapter 6 of NFPA 1 UFC. Chapter 6 Classification of Occupancy 6.1 Classification of Occupancy General Occupancy Classification. The occupancy of a building or structure, or portion of a building or structure, shall be classified in accordance with through Occupancy classification shall be subject to the ruling of the AHJ where there is a question of proper classification in any individual case. [101: ] Special Structures. Occupancies in special structures shall conform to the requirements of the specific occupancy chapter, Chapter 12 through Chapter 42 of NFPA 101, Life Safety Code except as modified by Chapter 11 of NFPA 101. [101: ] Assembly * Definition Assembly Occupancy. An occupancy (1) used for a gathering of 50 or more persons for deliberation, worship, entertainment, eating, drinking, amusement, awaiting transportation, or similar uses; or (2) used as a special amusement building, regardless of occupant load. [101: ] Small Assembly Uses. Occupancy of any room or space for assembly purposes by fewer than 50 persons in another occupancy and incidental to such other occupancy shall be classified as part of the other occupancy and shall be subject to the provisions applicable thereto. [101: ] Educational * Definition Educational Occupancy. An occupancy used for educational purposes through the twelfth grade by six or more persons for 4 or more hours per day or more than 12 hours per week. [101: ] Other Occupancies. Other occupancies associated with educational institutions shall be in accordance with the appropriate parts of this Code and NFPA 101, Life Safety Code. [101: ] Incidental Instruction. In cases where instruction is incidental to some other occupancy, the section of this Code and NFPA 101, governing such other occupancy shall apply. [101: ] Day Care * Definition Day-Care Occupancy. An occupancy in which four or more clients receive care, maintenance, and supervision, by other than their relatives or legal guardians, for less than 24 hours per day. [101: ] Other. (Reserved) Health Care * Definition Health Care Occupancy. An occupancy used for purposes of medical or other treatment or care of four or more persons where such occupants are mostly incapable of self-preservation due to age, physical or mental disability, or because of security measures not under the occupantsʼ control. [101: ] Other. (Reserved) Ambulatory Health Care * Definition Ambulatory Health Care Occupancy. A building or portion thereof used to provide services or treatment simultaneously to four or more patients that provides, on an outpatient basis, one or more of the following: * Definition Detention and Correctional Occupancy. An occupancy used to house four or more persons under varied degrees of restraint or security where such occupants are mostly incapable of selfpreservation because of security measures not under the occupantsʼ control. [101: ] * Nonresidential Uses. Within detention and correctional facilities, uses other than residential housing shall be in accordance with the appropriate chapter of this Code and NFPA 101. (See and of NFPA 101.) Residential Definition Residential Occupancy. An occupancy that provides sleeping accommodations for purposes other than health care or detention and correctional. [101: ] * Definition One- and Two-Family Dwelling Unit. A building that contains not more than two dwelling units with independent cooking and bathroom facilities. [101: ] Definition Lodging or Rooming House. A building or portion thereof that does not qualify as a one- or two-family dwelling, that provides sleeping accommodations for a total of 16 or fewer people on a transient or permanent basis, without personal care services, with or without meals, but without separate cooking facilities for individual occupants. [101: ] * Definition Hotel. A building or groups of buildings under the same management in which there are sleeping accommodations for more than 16 persons and primarily used by transients for lodging with or without meals. [101: ] * Definition Dormitory. A building or a space in a building in which group sleeping accommodations are provided for more than 16 persons who are not members of the same family in one room, or a series of closely associated rooms, under joint occupancy and single management, with or without meals, but without individual cooking facilities. [101: ] Definition Apartment Building. A building or portion thereof containing three or more dwelling units with independent cooking and bathroom facilities. [101: ] Other. (Reserved) Residential Board and Care * Definition Residential Board and Care Occupancy. A building or portion thereof that is used for lodging and boarding of four or more residents, not related by blood or marriage to the owners or operators, for the purpose of providing personal care services. [101: ] Other. (Reserved) Mercantile * Definition Mercantile Occupancy. An occupancy used for the display and sale of merchandise. [101: ] Other. (Reserved) Business * Definition Business Occupancy. An occupancy used for account and record keeping or the transaction of business other than mercantile. [101: ] Other. (Reserved) Industrial * Definition Industrial Occupancy. An occupancy in which products are manufactured or in which processing, assembling, mixing, packaging, finishing, decorating, or repair operations are conducted. [101: ] Other. (Reserved) Storage.

24 * Definition Storage Occupancy. An occupancy used primarily for the storage or sheltering of goods, merchandise, products, vehicles, or animals. [101: ] (4) (5) Bowling lanes Club rooms Other. (Reserved) Multiple Occupancies General. In addition to the requirements of , buildings containing multiple occupancies shall comply with the applicable requirements in Chapters 12 through 42 of NFPA 101. [101: ] Multiple occupancies shall comply with the requirements of and one of the following: (1) Mixed occupancies (2) Separated occupancies [101: ] * Where incidental to another occupancy, areas used as follows shall be permitted to be considered part of the predominant occupancy and shall be subject to the provisions of this Code and NFPA 101, that apply to the predominant occupancy: (1) Mercantile, business, industrial, or storage use (2)* Nonresidential use with an occupant load fewer than that established by Section 6.1 for the occupancy threshold [101: ] The following accessory occupancies shall not be required to be separated from the primary occupancy as required in : (1) An area used solely as a public dining room having an occupant load of not more than 300 persons and accessory to a retail sales area (2) An assembly room not over 750 ft2 (70 m2), where not accessory to an occupancy with high hazard contents (3) Administrative, clerical, or other office rooms that, in the aggregate, are not more than 25 percent of the principal occupancy, where not accessory to an occupancy with high hazard contents [101: ] Definitions Multiple Occupancy. A building or structure in which two or more classes of occupancy exist. [101: ] Mixed Occupancy. A multiple occupancy where the occupancies are intermingled. [101: ] Separated Occupancy. A multiple occupancy where the occupancies are separated by fire resistance rated assemblies. [101: ] Mixed Occupancies Each portion of the building shall be classified as to its use in accordance with Section 6.1. [101: ] The means of egress facilities, type of construction, protection, and other safeguards in the building shall comply with the most restrictive fire and life safety requirements of the occupancies involved. [101: ] Separated Occupancies Where separated occupancies are provided, each part of the building comprising a distinct occupancy, as described in this chapter, shall be completely separated from other occupancies by fire-resistive assemblies as specified in , , and Table , unless separation is provided by approved existing separations. [101: ] Occupancy separations shall be classified as 3-hour fire resistance rated, 2-hour fire resistance rated, or 1-hour fire resistance rated, and shall meet the requirements of Chapter 8 of NFPA 101. [101: ] The fire resistance rating specified in Table shall be permitted to be reduced by 1 hour, but in no case shall it be reduced to less than 1 hour, where the building is protected throughout by an approved automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 9.7 of NFPA 101. [101: ] Occupancy separations shall be vertical, horizontal, or both or, when necessary, of such other form as required to provide complete separation between occupancy divisions in the building. [101: ] A Assembly Occupancy. Assembly occupancies might include the following: (1) Armories (2) Assembly halls (3) Auditoriums (6) College and university classrooms, 50 persons and over (7) Conference rooms (8) Courtrooms (9) Dance halls (10) Drinking establishments (11) Exhibition halls (12) Gymnasiums (13) Libraries (14) Mortuary chapels (15) Motion picture theaters (16) Museums (17) Passenger stations and terminals of air, surface, underground, and marine public transportation facilities (18) Places of religious worship (19) Pool rooms (20) Recreation piers (21) Restaurants (22) Skating rinks (23) Special amusement buildings regardless of occupant load (24) Theaters Assembly occupancies are characterized by the presence or potential presence of crowds with attendant panic hazard in case of fire or other emergency. They are generally or occasionally open to the public, and the occupants, who are present voluntarily, are not ordinarily subject to discipline or control. Such buildings are ordinarily occupied by able-bodied persons and are not used for sleeping purposes. Special conference rooms, snack areas, and other areas incidental to, and under the control of, the management of other occupancies, such as offices, fall under the 50-person limitation. Restaurants and drinking establishments with an occupant load of fewer than 50 persons should be classified as mercantile occupancies. For special amusement buildings, see and of NFPA 101. [101: A ] A Educational Occupancy. Educational occupancies include the following: (1) Academies (2) Kindergartens (3) Schools An educational occupancy is distinguished from an assembly occupancy in that the same occupants are regularly present. [101: A ] A Day-Care Occupancy. Day-care occupancies include the following: (1) Adult day-care occupancies, except where part of a health care occupancy (2) Child day-care occupancies (3) Day-care homes (4) Kindergarten classes that are incidental to a child day-care occupancy (5) Nursery schools In areas where public schools offer only half-day kindergarten programs, many child day-care occupancies offer state-approved kindergarten classes for children who need full-day care. Because these classes are normally incidental to the day-care occupancy, the requirements of the day-care occupancy should be followed. [101: A ] A Health Care Occupancy. Health care occupancies include the following: (1) Hospitals (2) Limited care facilities 1-24

25 >12 Ambulatory Health Care Detention & Correctional One- & Two-Family Dwellings Lodging & Rooming Houses Assembly 300 Assembly >300 to 1000 Assembly >1000 Two- Family Dwellings Lodging & Rooming Houses Hotels & Dormitories Apartment Buildings Board & Care, Small Board & Care, Large General Purpose Industrial, Special Purpose Industrial, High Hazard Storage, Low & Ordinary Hazard Assembly 300 Assembly >300 to 1000 Assembly >1000 Table Required Separation of Occupancies (hours) a Day-Care Homes Health Care Ambulatory Health Care Detention & Correctional One- &Two-Family Dwellings Lodging & Rooming Houses Hotels & Dormitories 1 2 b 2 2 b b Report on Proposals Copyright, NFPA NFPA 1 2 b 2 b 2 b Educational Day-Care >12 Clients Assembly b 2 2 b Assembly > b 2 2 b to 1000 Assembly b 2 2 b >1000 Educational b 2 2 b Day-Care 2 b 2 2 b Homes Day-Care Health Care 2 b 2 b 2 b 2 b 2 b Educational Dare-Care > Clients Day-Care Homes Health Care 2 b 2 b 2 b 2 b 2 b 2 b 2 b 2 b 2 b 2 b 2 b 2 b Ambulatory b b 2 2 b Health Care Detention & 2 b 2 b 2 b 2 b 2 b 2 b 2 b 2 b 2 b NP 2 b NP Correctional One- & Mercantile Mercantile, Mall Mercantile, Bulk Retail Business Industrial, Storage, High Hazard NP = Not permitted a The fire resistance rating is permitted to be reduced by 1 hour, but in no case to less than 1 hour, where the building is protected throughout by an approved automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 9.7 of NFPA 101. b The 1-hour reduction due to the presence of sprinklers in accordance with footnote a is not permitted. [101: Table ] 1-25

26 (3) Nursing homes (5) Assisted living facilities Occupants of health care occupancies typically have physical or mental illness, disease, or infirmity. They also include infants, convalescents, or infirm aged persons. [101: A ] A Ambulatory Health Care Occupancy. The intent of of this Code and NFPA 101is not that occupants be considered to be incapable of self-preservation just because they are in a wheelchair or use assistive walking devices such as a cane, a walker, or crutches. It is the intent to address emergency care centers that receive patients who have been rendered incapable of self-preservation due to the emergency, such as being rendered unconscious as a result of an accident or being unable to move oneself due to sudden illness. [101: A ] A Detention and Correctional Occupancy. Detention and correctional occupancies include the following: (1) Adult and juvenile substance abuse centers (2) Adult and juvenile work camps (3) Adult community residential centers (4) Adult correctional institutions (5) Adult local detention facilities (6) Juvenile community residential centers (7) Juvenile detention facilities (8) Juvenile training schools [101: A ] A Chapter 22 and Chapter 23 of NFPA 101 address the residential housing areas of the detention and correctional occupancy as defined in Examples of uses other than residential housing include gymnasiums or industries. [101: ] A One- and Two-Family Dwelling. The definition of one- and twofamily dwelling states that each dwelling unit can be occupied by members of a single family with not more than three outsiders. The Life Safety Code does not define the term family. The definition of family is subject to federal, state, and local regulations and might not be restricted to a person or a couple (two people) and their children. The following examples aid in differentiating between a single-family dwelling and a lodging or rooming house: (1) An individual or a couple (two people) who rent a house from a landlord and then sublease space for up to three individuals should be considered a family renting to a maximum of three outsiders, and the house should be regulated as a single-family dwelling in accordance with Chapter 24 of NFPA 101. (2) A house rented from a landlord by an individual or a couple (two people) in which space is subleased to four or more individuals, but not more than 16, should be considered and regulated as a lodging or rooming house in accordance with Chapter 26 of NFPA 101. (3) A residential building that is occupied by four or more individuals, but not more than 16, each renting from a landlord, without separate cooking facilities, should be considered and regulated as a lodging or rooming house in accordance with Chapter 26 of NFPA 101. [101: A ] A Hotel. So-called apartment hotels should be classified as hotels because they are potentially subject to the same transient occupancy as hotels. Transients are those who occupy accommodations for less than 30 days. [101: A ] A Dormitory. Rooms within dormitories intended for the use of individuals for combined living and sleeping purposes are guest rooms or guest suites. Examples of dormitories include college dormitories, fraternity and sorority houses, and military barracks. [101: A ] A Residential Board and Care Occupancy. The following are examples of facilities classified as residential board and care occupancies: (1) A group housing arrangement for physically or mentally handicapped persons who normally attend school in the community, attend worship in the community, or otherwise use community facilities (2) A group housing arrangement for physically or mentally handicapped persons who are undergoing training in preparation for independent living, for paid employment, or for other normal community activities (3) A group housing arrangement for the elderly that provides personal care services but that does not provide nursing care (4) Facilities for social rehabilitation, alcoholism, drug abuse, or mental health problems that contain a group housing arrangement and that provide personal care services but do not provide acute care 1-26 (6) Other group housing arrangements that provide personal care services but not nursing care [101: A ] A Mercantile Occupancy. Mercantile occupancies include the following: (1) Auction rooms (2) Department stores (3) Drugstores (4) Restaurants with fewer than 50 persons (5) Shopping centers (6) Supermarkets Office, storage, and service facilities incidental to the sale of merchandise and located in the same building should be considered part of the mercantile occupancy classification. [101: A ] A Business Occupancy. Business occupancies include the following: (1) Air traffic control towers (ATCTs) (2) City halls (3) College and university instructional buildings, classrooms under 50 persons, and instructional laboratories (4) Courthouses (5) Dentistsʼ offices (6) Doctorsʼ offices (7) General offices (8) Outpatient clinics, ambulatory (9) Town halls Doctorsʼ and dentistsʼ offices are included, unless of such character as to be classified as ambulatory health care occupancies as defined in Birth centers occupied by fewer than four patients, not including infants, at any one time; not providing sleeping facilities for four or more occupants; and not providing treatment procedures that render four or more patients, not including infants, incapable of self-preservation at any one time should be classified as business occupancies. For birth centers occupied by patients not meeting these parameters, see Chapter 18 or Chapter 19 of NFPA 101, as appropriate. Service facilities common to city office buildings such as newsstands, lunch counters serving fewer than 50 persons, barber shops, and beauty parlors are included in the business occupancy group. City halls, town halls, and courthouses are included in this occupancy group insofar as their principal function is the transaction of public business and the keeping of books and records. Insofar as they are used for assembly purposes, they are classified as assembly occupancies. [101: A ] A Industrial Occupancy. Industrial occupancies include the following: (1) Dry cleaning plants (2) Factories of all kinds (3) Food processing plants (4) Gas plants (5) Hangars (for servicing/maintenance) (6) Laundries (7) Power plants (8) Pumping stations (9) Refineries (10) Sawmills (11) Telephone exchanges In evaluating the appropriate classification of laboratories, the AHJ should treat each case individually based on the extent and nature of the associated hazards. Some laboratories are classified as occupancies other than industrial;

27 for example, a physical therapy laboratory or a computer laboratory. [101: A ] A Storage Occupancy. Storage occupancies include the following: (1) Barns (2) Bulk oil storage (3) Cold storage (4) Freight terminals (5) Grain elevators (6) Hangars (for storage only) (7) Parking structures (8) Stables (9) Truck and marine terminals (10) Warehouses Storage occupancies are characterized by the presence of relatively small numbers of persons in proportion to the area. [101: A ] A Examples of uses that might be incidental to another occupancy include the following: (1) A newsstand (mercantile) in an office building (2) A giftshop (mercantile) in a hotel (3) A small storage area (storage) in any occupancy (4) Minor office space (business) in any occupancy (5) A maintenance area (industrial) in any occupancy [101: A ] A (2) Examples of uses that have occupant loads below the occupancy classification threshold levels include the following: (1) An assembly use with fewer than 50 persons within a business occupancy (2) An educational use with fewer than 6 persons within an apartment building [101: A (2)] Substantiation: The is extracting a key section of NFPA 101 describing the classification of occupancy since they recognize the importance of understanding occupancy classifications and mixed or multiple occupancies in code enforcement. Meeting Action: Accept Comment on Affirmative SHAPIRO: The recorded committee action includes material extracted from NFPA 101, Annex Section 6.2. The committeeʼs direction was only to extract material from NFPA 101:6.1 and associated annex material. There is no extract material from NFPA 101:6.2 and the annex material shown in the committee action should be deleted since it will not correlate with the body of NFPA Log# 171 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept in Principle in Part (Chapter 10, Table (a)) Submitter : Robert Fash, Las Vegas Fire & Rescue Recommendation: Add a new section as follows: Combustible materials General. Storage of combustible materials shall be orderly Permit. Permits, where required, shall comply with Ceiling Clearance Storage shall be maintained 2 feet (610 mm) or more from ceiling in non-sprinklered areas of buildings Storage shall be maintained 18 inches (457 mm) or more below sprinkler head deflectors in sprinklered areas of buildings Means of Egress. Combustible material shall not be stored in exits and exit enclosures Equipment Rooms. Combustible material shall not be stored in boiler rooms, mechanical rooms or electrical equipment rooms Attic, Under-floor and Concealed Spaces Attic, under-floor and concealed spaces used for storage of combustible materials shall be protected on the storage side as required for one-hour fire-resistive construction Openings shall be protected by assemblies that are self-closing and are of noncombustible construction or solid wood core not less than 1 3/4 in. (44.5 mm) in thickness Storage shall not be placed on exposed joists The requirements of are nor required for areas protected by fire sprinkler systems in accordance with The requirements of are not required for One-and Two- Family dwellings Fueled Equipment Fueled equipment, including but not limited to motorcycles, mopeds, lawn-care equipment and portable cooking equipment, shall not be stored, operated or repaired within a building Fuel equipment as identified in shall be permitted when allowed by other provisions of this code The AHJ is authorized to require removal of fueled equipment from any location when the presence of such equipment is determined by the AHJ to be hazardous Liquid- or gas-fueled appliances, tools, apparatus, craft or vehicles shall not be placed in a covered mall building When approved, liquid-or gas-fueled appliances, tools, apparatus, craft or vehicles are allowed to be displayed within the mall area. The display shall be in accordance with LP-gas-powered floor maintenance machines may be used when in conformance with Atrium Furnishings Potential heat of combustible furnishings and decorative materials within atria shall not exceed 9,000 Btu per pound (20934 J/g) when located within an area that is more than 20 feet (6096 mm) below ceiling-level sprinklers Decorative material in atria shall be noncombustible, flame-resistant or treated with a flame retardant. Table (a) Permit Requirements Operations and materials Permit Required Cross Reference Section No. Combustible Materials Storage To store more than , , ft 3 (70.8 m 3 ) gross volume Substantiation: Previous editions of the Uniform Fire Code, 1997 and 2000 Editions, outlines requirements for the storage of combustible materials. This new section restates those requirements and places those requirements in one section for the code user to find. Requirements for the clearance of commodities from ceilings and fire sprinkler deflectors have been model fire codes for many years. One additional item that was added is the permit requirement for combustible materials storage. The NFPA 1, UFC, 2003 Edition currently directs the permit requirements for combustible material storage to sections (Combustible Waste & Refuse) & (Rubber Tire Storage). Permit requirements for combustible materials storage should encompass the storage of combustible empty packing cases, boxes, barrels or similar containers or other similar combustible materials more than 2500 cubic feet gross volume. Meeting Action: Accept in Principle in Part 1. Revise existing cross reference number in Table (a). 2. See Action on Proposal 1-74 (Log #39) for action on adding provisions to Section Statement: The is adding a new section by its action on Proposal 1-74 (Log #39). The believes that action meets the submitterʼs intent other than for the proposed requirement for control of atrium furnishings based on potential heat. The believes that it would be more appropriate to have the requirements based on heat release Log# 102 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept in Principle ( ) Submitter : Eddie Phillips, Southern Regional Fire Code Development Recommendation: Add a new section to read: When the adopted building code requires a certificate of occupancy, the certificate of occupancy shall not be issued until the AHJ for fire code enforcement has ensured compliance with this code. Substantiation: NFPA 1 does not currently require that the AHJ, who enforces NFPA 1, approve the certificate of occupancy prior to issuance. This creates a customer service problem where a certificate of occupancy is issued and then the AHJ enforcing NFPA 1 conducts an inspection and cites code violations. This code change will ensure that the issuance of a certificate of occupancy is the jurisdictionʼs final approval for the occupancy of a building. The bottom line is this change will promote good customer service and coordination between the code documents. 1-27

28 Meeting Action: Accept in Principle Relocate the submitterʼs recommendation to become a new and renumber through as through Certificate of Occupancy. When the adopted building code requires a certificate of occupancy, the certificate of occupancy shall not be issued until approved by the AHJ for fire code enforcement. Statement: The believes that their revision of the proposed wording clarifies the submitterʼs intent that the approval of the fire Statement: The believes the proposal is overly restrictive and would not permit any cooking or heating devices on balconies. There must be an alternative for cooking and heating on balconies. The believes that the concern of open flames has been addressed by the existing text. code AHJ should be obtained before the certificate of occupancy is issued. The agrees that the issuance of the certificate of occupancy needs to be coordinated between the fire and building official. The believe that this requirement is better placed in Chapter 1 for code 1-64 Log# 180 UFC-AAA (10.12) Final Action: Accept in Principle administration purposes. Ballot Results: Affirmative: 27 Negative: 2 Explanation of Negative: FORD: We concur with the reasons substantiating the negative vote on the first round ballot. Furthermore, this amendment simply adds a costly administrative burden for the AHJ, the construction industry and ultimately consumers. In many jurisdictions it will also lead to confusion over the authority of respective roles. Conceptually, the amendment has some merit but it is simply not practical. Any problems this amendment is attempting to address, which have not been well defined, are best addressed at the jurisdictional level. SHAPIRO: Who signs a certificate of occupancy for new construction is a local administrative issue that is best left to jurisdictional managers. Many jurisdictions donʼt have adequate inspection resources for the fire code to Submitter : Eddie Phillips, Southern Regional Fire Code Development Recommendation: Relocate Section to Chapter Substantiation: Fire department access provisions are currently addressed in two sections and Chapter 18. Relocating to Chapter 18 will bring all Fire Department Access Requirements into one location. Meeting Action: Accept in Principle 1. Move and revise existing Section to become paragraph See Action on proposal (Log #98). 2. Renumber existing section in Chapter 10. Statement: The believes that this action meets the submitterʼs intent. reasonably sign off on all new certificates of occupancy, and the proposed requirement would lead to unnecessary delays or unnecessary liability if a C/O is signed by a fire official without proper verification of fire code compliance Log# 33 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept (10.5.2) Recommendation: Revise to read: * No person shall fail to leave any overcrowded premises when told ordered to do so by the AHJ. Substantiation: The language is worded better. Being told is not the same as being ordered. Meeting Action: Accept 1-62 Log# 34 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept ( ) Recommendation: Revise to read: * The owner, manager, occupant, or any person in control of such building or premises, upon discovery of an unwanted fire or evidence of there having been an unwanted fire even though it has apparently been extinguished, shall immediately cause notice of the existence of such fire, circumstances of same, and the location thereof to be given to notify the fire department. Substantiation: Clears up unneeded text that is not needed. On notification of the fire department, the fire department will ascertain what information they need for dispatch. On arrival fire personnel may ask additional information. Meeting Action: Accept 1-63 Log# 103 UFC-AAA Final Action: Reject ( ) Submitter : Eddie Phillips, Southern Regional Fire Code Development Recommendation: Revise to read: For other than one- and two-family dwellings, no hibachi, gas-fired grill, or other similar devices used for cooking, heating, or any other purpose, shall be used or kindled on any balcony or under any overhanging portion or within 10 ft (3 m) of any structure. Listed electric ranges, grills, or similar electrical apparatus shall be permitted. Substantiation: The current code language prohibits the installation of fixed LP installations on balconies. Fixed or listed electrical equipment provides the same fire problems as those listed in the current working and should be prohibited Log# 35 UFC-AAA Final Action: Reject ( , (New) ) Recommendation: Add new sections to read: Buildings with required fire sprinkler or fire alarm systems, monitored off-site by central station company; or buildings not equipped with an exterior means of electrical disconnect, shall be provided with an approved access box The access box shall be of an approved type and shall contain keys or other device to gain necessary access as required by the AHJ. Substantiation: This code amendment would identify certain facilities that would necessitate the requirement of access box(es) for the fire department to gain entry to a building. Fire departments and building owners would benefit greatly from this code requirement, by allowing the fire department to quickly locate the area of alarm or fire. Fire department resources can sit idle for quite some time for a responsible party to unlock a structure. The only other alternative is to force entry to the structure, which causes damage. The code requirement is limited to structures where an alarm is retransmitted to the fire department and the caller has no knowledge if an actual emergency exists. One other aspect of the code amendment deals with structures that their main electrical disconnects behind locked doors. This would allow fire departments immediate access to de-energize a facility if necessary. The second proposed amendment would allow the AHJ to specify a particular model or manufacturer of an access box. Many fire departments invest money and equipped their vehicles with key control devices to prevent unauthorized use of the keys used to unlock access box(es). This section will also allow the fire department to predetermine areas where access will be required. Statement: The believes that the existing provisions adequately address when and where access boxes are required and give a lot of latitude to the AHJ where they can require access boxes Log# 129 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept in Principle ( ) Submitter : David Stringfield, University of Minnesota Recommendation: Revise text to read as follows: New and existing...address numbers, building numbers or names, placed Address numbers Premises identification shall Address numbers Premises identification shall be... Substantiation: Industrial and college style campuses donʼt always have an address for each building. In this case, posting other building identification is appropriate.

29 Meeting Action: Accept in Principle Add a new Annex note for to read: A Where a building is not routinely identified by a street address, other means of building identification such as building name or number should be permitted. Statement: The believes that the added text will meet the submitterʼs need. Most large facilities will have street addresses, but are not commonly known by that identification (i.e. large industrial sites and universities). Section 1.4 already addresses equivalencies and gives the AHJ to authority to approve other premise identification Log# 36 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept in Principle ( (New) ) Recommendation: Add a new section to read: Hazards to Emergency Responders. The intentional design or alteration of buildings or premises to disable, injure, maim, or kill intruders is prohibited. No person shall install and use firearms, sharp or pointed objects, razor wire, explosives, flammable or combustible liquid containers, or dispensers containing highly toxic, toxic, irritant or other hazardous materials in a manner which may passively or actively disable, injure, maim, or kill an emergency responder who enters a building or premises for the purpose of controlling or extinguishing a fire, rescuing trapped occupants, or rendering other emergency assistance. Substantiation: The reason for this amendment is obvious. Homeowners and business owners in an effort to protect their property have gone to extreme measures, such as having trap doors or firearms aimed at windows and doors. This code section would allow the code official to have these hazards removed. Meeting Action: Accept in Principle Add new * and Annex A to read: * Hazards to Emergency Responders. The intentional design or alteration of buildings or premises to disable, maim, or kill intruders shall be prohibited. A No person should install and use firearms, sharp or pointed objects, razor wire, explosives, flammable or combustible liquid containers, or dispensers containing highly toxic, toxic, irritant or other hazardous materials in a manner which is deliberately intended to disable, injure, maim, or kill an emergency responder who enters a building or premises for the purpose of controlling or extinguishing a fire, rescuing trapped occupants, or rendering other emergency assistance. Statement: The revised the submitterʼs second sentence of the recommendation and is moving it to the annex as it believes that it is better used as explanatory material. The believes that there are instances where the items identified in the proposed wording might not be installed to do harm to other than intruders. The ʼs revision gives the requirement broader context. Ballot Results: Affirmative: 28 Negative: 1 Explanation of Negative: SHAPIRO: Although the intent of this proposal is well founded and the committee-modified version is preferred to the original submittal, the text is still not suitable for inclusion in the code. By stating The intentional design...of buildings or premises to disable... intruders shall be prohibited the code has technically eliminated such security devices such as electrified or barbed wire fences. The terms disable, maim and premises are simply too broad to be suitable for inclusion in the code, particularly considering that systems designed to temporarily disable intruders are necessary to accomplish heightened security goals in some high security facilities. As written, criminals would have a code-related basis for suing building owners based on injuries that might be sustained during a criminal act Log# 37 UFC-AAA Final Action: Reject ( (New) ) Recommendation: Add a new section to read: When required by the AHJ, other systems pertaining to fire and life safety shall be maintained. Substantiation: This code amendment would require building owners to maintain other systems such as heat and smoke vents or emergency generators, if the AHJ requested such items. The building owner would only be required to adhered to this code requirement if a particular system is identified by the AHJ. Statement: The does not believe that there is a demonstrated need for maintaining all life safety systems and devices in vacant buildings Log# 166 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept in Principle ( , , A ) Submitter : Marcelo M. Hirschler, GBH International / Rep. Fire Retardant Chemicals Association Recommendation: Revise text to read as follows: * Provisions for Flame Resistance or Fire Retardance Artificial vegetation and artificial Christmas trees shall be labeled or otherwise identified or certified by the manufacturer as being flame retardant or flame resistive appropriately fire retarded. A One example of suitable flame retardance is for the individual decorative vegetation item to exhibit a maximum heat release rate of 100 kilowatts (kw) when tested in accordance with UL 1975, Standard for Fire Tests for Foamed Plastics Used for Decorative Purposes. Another example of suitable flame retardance is for the individual decorative vegetation item, when tested to UL Subject 411, Outline of Investigation for Artificial Christmas Trees, to meet the following three criteria: (1) to have flames that do not extend more than 3 ft above the tree, (2) to have no significant lateral flame spread away from the area affected by the ignition source and (3) to have no flaming droplets that continue flaming after reaching the floor. Substantiation: Fire resistive addresses the ASTM E 119 or NFPA 251 fire time temperature curve and not tree flammability. UL 411 is a very simple test (1 pound of shredded newspaper) and severe enough to eliminate bad actors. In reality UL 411 or UL 1975 should be a requirement and not only an annex note. Meeting Action: Accept in Principle 1. Revise existing and to read: * Provisions for Fire Retardance Artificial vegetation and artificial Christmas trees shall be labeled or otherwise identified or certified by the manufacturer as being fire retardant. 2. Revise A to read: A One example of suitable fire retardance is for the individual decorative vegetation item to exhibit a maximum heat release rate of 100 kilowatts (kw) when tested in accordance with UL 1975, Standard for Fire Tests for Foamed Plastics Used for Decorative Purposes. Another example of suitable fire retardance is for the individual artificial Christmas trees, when tested to UL Subject 411, Outline of Investigation for Artificial Christmas Trees, to meet the following three criteria: (1) to have flames that do not extend more than 3 ft (0.9 m) above the tree, (2) to have no significant lateral flame spread away from the area affected by the ignition source and, (3) to have no flaming droplets that continue flaming after reaching the floor. Statement: The ʼs changes provide consistency in terminology and should meet the submitterʼs intent Log# 38 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept in Principle ( ) Recommendation: Delete Substantiation: This section is redundant to and should be deleted. Meeting Action: Accept in Principle Revise existing to read: Standby Fire Personnel. Where required by the AHJ, standby fire personnel shall be provided and comply with Statement: The believes that the revised wording should meet the submitterʼs intent. The also believes that this provision should remain in this section Log# 94 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept in Principle ( (New) ) Submitter : Robert Bourke, Northeastern Regional Fire Code Dev. Recommendation: Add a new section to read: Crop Maze The owner or operator of a crop maze amusement attraction shall advise all employees of the fire and/or life safety regulations established in this section prior to the employees assuming their respective duties The owner or operator of a crop maze or their employees shall provide safety instructions to the visitors and patrons of a crop maze prior to their entrance to the maze A minimum of two employees shall be on duty to monitor a crop maze during hours of operation. A minimum of one of the employees shall be located on an elevated platform a minimum of ten feet above the maze.

30 The owner or operator of a crop maze shall contact the local fire department and provide the fire department with the opportunity to prepare a 1-72 Log# 151 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept in Principle pre-plan of the crop maze amusement attraction prior to the start of seasonal ( ) operations There shall be no open flame producing devices or equipment within the confines of the crop maze There shall be no smoking permitted within the confines of the crop maze No more than 200 person per acre, including adults and children, shall occupy the crop maze at any one time Motorized vehicles shall not be parked within 75 feet of a crop maze A fuel break of a minimum of 20 feet wide shall be cleared between a crop maze and any vehicles or vegetation outside the maze During hours of darkness, visitors to the crop maze may only use flashlights to illuminate their travel through the maze. Candles, gas fired lanterns, cigarette lighters, or similar open flame or flame producing devices shall be prohibited for use inside a crop maze at all times A public address system shall be readily available to employees at a crop maze to assist them in making announcements to the visitors or patrons of a crop maze in the event of an emergency. A bull horn or load speaker shall suffice as a public address system The entrance and exit from a corn maze shall not be blocked or obstructed at any time the theme park is open for business and occupied by the public Fireworks shall not be discharged within a minimum of 300 feet of any crop maze at any time The use of display fireworks shall comply with Chapter 25 in addition to the requirements of Substantiation: Outdoor mazes constructed from crops present a unique fire and life safety hazard due to the combustibility of the materials i.e. corn stalks, hay, etc. These provisions have been used in Maryland as requirements for these type of attractions and provide minimum safety guidelines. Meeting Action: Accept in Principle 1. Add a new permit requirement for Crop Maze into existing Table (a) to read: Crop Maze. A permit to operate a crop maze. 2. Add a new section Crop Maze to read: Crop Maze Permits. Permits, where required shall comply with The owner or operator of a crop maze amusement attraction shall advise all employees of the fire and life safety regulations established in this section prior to the employees assuming their respective duties. Submitter : Kenneth E. Bush, Office of the Maryland State Fire Marshal Recommendation: Relocate the existing Section and associated Annex Notes to a new Substantiation: Although this section contains information which maybe beneficial to the user of the Code, the current placement of these requirements indicates a need to install automatic sprinkler protection for exterior roofs or canopies regardless of the levels of protection otherwise installed in the building. Strict enforcement of this current wording requires protection of these exterior spaces regardless of protection for interior portions of the building. Relocation to Section , which specifies the design and installation of sprinklers, will indicate the proper design parameters for sprinkler protection where such protection is required or desired at exterior roofs or canopies for either partial or complete building protection without mandating protection for only these isolated areas. The retention of these extracts will be helpful for both system design and field application uses of the Code. Meeting Action: Accept in Principle Relocate existing * and its associated annex to become and revise to read as follows: * Exterior Roofs and Canopies. In buildings protected by automatic sprinklers, automatic sprinkler protection shall be provided for the exterior spaces in accordance with * Unless the requirements of or are met, sprinklers shall be installed under exterior roof or canopies exceeding 4 ft (1.2 m) in width. [13: ] Sprinklers shall be permitted to be omitted where the canopy or roof is of noncombustible or limited combustible construction. [13: ] Sprinklers shall be permitted to be omitted from exterior exit corridors when the exterior walls of the corridor are at least 50 percent open and when the corridor is entirely of noncombustible construction. [13: ] * Sprinklers shall be installed under roofs or canopies over areas where combustibles are stored or handled. (13: ). A Small loading docks, covered platforms, ducts, or similar small unheated areas can be protected by dry-pendent sprinklers extending through the wall from wet sprinkler piping in an adjacent heated area. Where protecting covered platforms, loading docks, and similar areas, a dry-pendent sprinkler should extend down at a 45-degree angle. The width of the area to be protected should not exceed 7ÿ ft (2.3 m). Sprinklers should be spaced not over 12 ft (3.7 m) apart. (See Figure A ) [13: A ] The owner or operator of a crop maze or their employees shall provide safety instructions to the visitors and patrons of a crop maze prior to their entrance to the maze A minimum of two employees shall be on duty to monitor a crop maze during hours of operation. A minimum of one of the employees shall be located on an elevated platform a minimum of 10 ft (3 m) above the maze. 7 ft 6 in. (2.3 m) maximum The owner or operator of a crop maze shall contact the local fire department and provide the fire department with the opportunity to prepare a Canopy over pre-plan of the crop maze amusement attraction prior to the start of seasonal loading platform operations. Line inside * There shall be no open flame producing devices or equipment heated area within the confines of the crop maze. A Visitors to the crop maze should only use flashlights, chemical lights, or similar devices to illuminate their travel through the maze. Candles, gas fired lanterns, cigarette lighters, or similar open flame or flame producing Dry-pendent devices are prohibited for use inside a crop maze at all times. sprinkler No smoking shall be permitted within the confines of the crop maze No more than 200 person per acre, including adults and children, shall occupy the crop maze at any one time Motorized vehicles shall not be parked within 75 ft (23 m) of a crop maze A fuel break of a minimum of 20 ft (6 m) wide shall be cleared between a crop maze and any vehicles or vegetation outside the maze A public address system shall be readily available to employees at a crop maze to assist them in making announcements to the visitors or patrons FIGURE A Dry-Pendent Sprinklers for Protection of Covered Platforms, Loading Docks, and Similar Areas. [13:Figure A ] of a crop maze in the event of an emergency. A bull horn or loud speaker shall suffice as a public address system The entrance and exit from a crop maze shall not be blocked or obstructed at any time the maze is open for business and occupied by the public Fireworks Fireworks shall not be discharged within a minimum of 300 ft (91 m) of any crop maze at any time The use of display fireworks shall comply with Chapter 65 in addition to the requirements of Statement: The revision adds a permit requirement to manage this activity. The additional changes are editorial in nature or provide additional guidance to the user and the AHJ. A Balconies, decks, and similar projections from the building should be treated as exterior roofs and canopies when applying the criteria of [13: A ] A Short-term transient storage, such as that for delivered packages, and the presence of planters, newspaper machines, and so forth, should not be considered storage or handling of combustibles. [13: A ] Statement: The agrees that the existing requirements are better placed within Chapter 13 dealing with sprinkler protection, but believes they are better located after Revisions to the wording are editorial to incorporate the text extracted from NFPA

31 1-73 Log# 130 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept in Principle ( , A ) Submitter : David Stringfield, University of Minnesota Recommendation: Revise text to read as follows: Unless...width. Exception: When the building is not required to be sprinklered. A Small loading docks...(3.7 m) apart. Substantiation: There should be no requirement to sprinkler a dock if the building is not required to be sprinklered. Delete the appendix because of conflicts with NFPA 13 for sprinkler positioning. Consider deleting all of Meeting Action: Accept in Principle See Action on proposal 1-72 (Log #151). Statement: The believes the action on proposal 1-72 (Log #151) addresses the submitterʼs concern Log# 39 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept in Principle (10.20 (New) ) Recommendation: Add Section Combustible Materials General. Storage of combustible materials shall be orderly Ceiling Clearance Storage shall be maintained 2 feet (610 mm) or more from ceiling in non-sprinklered areas of buildings Storage shall be maintained 18 inches (457 mm) or more below sprinkler head deflectors in sprinklered areas of buildings Means of Egress. Combustible material shall not be stored in exits and exit enclosures Equipment Rooms. Combustible material shall not be stored in boiler rooms, mechanical rooms or electrical equipment rooms Attic, Under-floor and Concealed Spaces Attic, under-floor and concealed spaces used for storage of combustible materials shall be protected on the storage side as required for one-hour fire-resistive construction Openings shall be protected by assemblies that are self-closing and are of non-combustible construction or solid wood core not less than 1 3/4 inch (44.5 mm) in thickness Storage shall not be placed on exposed joists The requirements of are not required for areas protected by fire sprinkler systems in accordance with The requirements of are not required for One- and Two- Family dwellings Fueled Equipment Fueled equipment, including but not limited to motorcycles, mopeds, lawn-care equipment and portable cooking equipment, shall not stored, operated or repaired within a building Fuel equipment as identified in shall be permitted in buildings or rooms constructed for such use in accordance with the building code Fuel equipment as identified in shall be permitted when allowed by other provisions of this code. Substantiation: This code amendment would include many of the requirements for combustible storage that appear in the 2000 Edition of the Uniform Fire Code, Section For example, storage clearances from ceilings and sprinkler deflectors have been contained within the Uniform Fire Code for many editions. Meeting Action: Accept in Principle Add a new section entitled Combustible Materials to read: Combustible Materials General. Storage of combustible materials shall be orderly Permit. Permits, where required, shall comply with Ceiling Clearance Storage shall be maintained 2 ft (610 mm) or more from the ceiling in non-sprinklered areas of buildings * The clearance between the deflector and the top of storage shall be 18 in. (457 mm) or greater. [ 13 : ] A In sprinklered buildings, the 18 in. (457 mm) dimension is not intended to limit the height of shelving on a wall or shelving against a wall in accordance with Where shelving is installed on a wall and is not directly below sprinklers, the shelves, including storage thereon, can extend above the level of a plane located 18 in. (457 mm) below ceiling sprinkler deflectors. Shelving, and any storage thereon, directly below the sprinklers cannot extend above a plane located 18 in. (457 mm) below the ceiling sprinkler deflectors. [ 13 : A.8.6.6] Where other standards specify greater clearance to storage minimums, they shall be followed. [ 13 : ] Means of Egress. Combustible material shall not be stored in exits Equipment Rooms Combustible material shall not be stored in boiler rooms, mechanical rooms or electrical equipment rooms Materials and supplies for the operation and maintenance of the equipment in the room shall be permitted Attic, Under-floor and Concealed Spaces. Attic, under-floor and concealed spaces used for storage of combustible materials shall comply with the protection from hazards requirements for storage rooms in NFPA Fueled Equipment. Fueled equipment, including but not limited to motorcycles, mopeds, lawn-care equipment and portable cooking equipment, shall not be stored, operated or repaired within a building except under one of the following conditions: (1) The building or room has been constructed for such use in accordance with the building code. (2) The use is allowed by other provisions of this Code. Statement: The revised the proposed text for to bring the requirement into alignment with NFPA 13. NFPA 13 has different clearance requirements depending on the type of sprinklers and sprinkler systems. The added to permit material and supplies used for the equipment to be in the room. The ʼs revision will prohibit other storage within these rooms. The provisions in were revised so as not to conflict with existing provisions found in NFPA 101 for protection of areas deemed to be hazardous. The believes that their action accomplishes the submitterʼs intent Log# 80 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept in Principle (10.20 (New) ) Submitter : Scott W. Adams, Park City Fire Service District / Rep. UFC/ WFCA Recommendation: Add new text: Ceiling Clearances Storage shall be maintained 601 mm (2 ft) or more below the ceiling in nonsprinklered areas of buildings The clearance between the deflector and the top of storage shall be 457 mm (18 in.) or greater A minimum clearance to storage of 0.91 m (36 in.) shall be permitted for special sprinklers. Remaining text to be renumbered. Substantiation: NFPA 1 is a guide for field inspections. The information provided should be included for reference to the field inspector Meeting Action: Accept in Principle See Action on Proposal 1-74 (Log #39). Statement: The believes the action on proposal 1-74 (Log #39) addresses the submitterʼs concern Log# 131 UFC-AAA Final Action: Reject (Chapter 11) Submitter : David Stringfield, University of Minnesota Recommendation: Add new text as follows: Include the equivalent of and to 11.2, 11.5, 11.7, and X Section 11.2 shall apply to new, existing, permanent, temporary HVAC installations X.1 Existing installations shall be permitted to be continued in use provided the lack of conformity does not present an imminent hazard danger X Section 11.3 shall apply to new, existing permanent heating appliances X.1 Existing installations shall be permitted to be continued in use provided the lack of conformity does not present an imminent hazard danger X Existing installations shall be permitted to be continued in use provided the lack of conformity does not present an imminent hazard danger X Smoke control systems shall be installed in accordance with NFPA standard and as required by the AHJ X Existing installations shall be permitted to be continued in use provided the lack of conformance does not present an imminent hazard danger. Substantiation: It makes sense that all the building service sections require new installations to meet code but to allow existing installations unless a hazard exists. Statement: The NFPA 1 UFC is referencing the appropriate NFPA standards for these subjects. The scope of the applicable standards regulate existing installations. The submitter should address his concerns to the appropriate standard if he believes that it is not currently addressed. Ballot Results: Affirmative: 28 Abstain: 1

32 Explanation of Abstention: SHAPIRO: Affects clients interests beyond the scope of my committee appointment Log# 177 UFC-AAA Final Action: Reject ( (New) ) Submitter : Michael I. Callanan, NJATC Recommendation: Electrical/electronic equipment, apparatus, or systems of industrial machines operating from a nominal voltage of 600 volts or less, and commencing at the point of connection of the supply to the electrical equipment of the machine shall be listed or comply with NFPA 79. Substantiation: Many industrial machines do not conform to any installation or product standard. This is a fire safety issue because uninspected machines may contain wiring methods that are not flame retardant. Basic UL product standards and NFPA electrical installation standards all require flame retardant wiring. Statement: The believes that the impact of the submitterʼs proposed requirement affects new, as well as existing equipment. The proposed requirement imposes a large cost to industry without adequate justification. NEC Table refers to NFPA 79 for machine tool wiring. Section requires compliance the NEC. NFPA 79 does not apply to equipment in hazardous areas, raising a question as to applicability within the context of NFPA 1 UFC. The does not believe that they need to provide additional requirements beyond compliance with the NEC. approved by the AHJ. Lastly, the ʼs concern that turning off all power to a facility would disable equipment and other safety features is not at issue with this proposal. NFPA 70, Article already requires a service disconnecting means. This proposal would only further specify the electrical disconnect location in order to promote fire fighter safety Log# 40 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept in Principle ( (New) ) Recommendation: Add a new section to read: Aboveground gas meters, regulators and piping exposed to vehicular damage due to proximity to alleys, driveways or parking areas shall be protected in accordance with Substantiation: This code amendment would afford protection to gas meters, regulators and piping subject to damage by vehicles. This protection may be by a number of different means including that, which is identified in This requirement appears in the Uniform Fire Code, 2000 Edition. Meeting Action: Accept in Principle Add new to read: Aboveground gas meters, regulators and piping exposed to vehicular damage shall be protected in accordance with Statement: The believes that all items subject to vehicular traffic should be protected not just in those areas listed Log# 104 UFC-AAA Final Action: Reject (11.1.7) Submitter : Eddie Phillips, Southern Regional Fire Code Development Recommendation: Insert a New to read: Service Disconnecting Means. A service disconnecting means shall be installed at a readily accessible location either outside of a building or structure or inside nearest the point of entrance of the service conductors in a room with a direct access from the exterior. In large buildings or industrial applications an alternate location may be allowed as needed for an orderly shutdown if approved by the authority having jurisdiction. Substantiation: Access to the disconnecting means for a building is required by the responding fire department in an emergency, or individual qualified personnel at larger or more sensitive facilities where personnel are on site 24 hours a day due to the nature or size of the facility. I believe this wording gives latitude as needed while giving protection and control where needed by responding personnel. We have had situations where the service disconnect could not be accessed when installed inside the building due to the fire situation, and to wait for the local power company to arrive on the scene to de-energize power to the building is unreasonable. The NFPA 70 TC in Proposal 4-85 Log #1130 NEC-P04 indicated in their response of rejection to this original proposal This is an architectural design issue, not an electrical issue. Section 90.1(C) states that the NEC is not intended as a design specification. Therefore, this issue would be within the scope of the NFPA 1 TC. Statement: The addition of requirements for electrical service disconnect means is beyond the scope of NFPA 1 UFC. Some buildings require multiple feeds, and in some cases turning off all power to a facility would disable equipment for process and other safety features, which could endanger emergency responders and building personnel. Ballot Results: Affirmative: 28 Negative: 1 Explanation of Negative: APFELBECK: The states that: The additional requirements for electrical service disconnect means is beyond the scope of NFPA 1 UFC. I disagree. The NFPA 1 UFC Scope states: This shall have the primary responsibility... for the installation, operation, and maintenance of buildings, structures and premises for the purpose of providing safety to life and property from fire and explosion. The location of an electrical disconnecting means would fall within this scope. In addition, this issue is a fire fighter safety item and NFPA 1UFC Section 1.1.1(14) clearly states that the scope of NFPA 1 UFC includes Conditions affecting fire fighter safety. The submitter has previously received a reject from the NFPA 70 TC stating: ʻ This is an architectural design issue, not an electrical issue... If this item is not within the scope of the NFPA 70 TC, it is clearly within the scope of the NFPA 1 UFC TC. Otherwise, whose scope would it be within and where should the applicant submit this code change? The ʼs concern that some buildings require multiple feeds is addressed by the proponentʼs language allowing for alternative locations when Log# 41 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept in Principle ( (New) ) Recommendation: Add a new section to read: Clothes dryers shall be frequently cleaned to maintain the lint trap, mechanical and heating components free from excessive accumulations of lint Requirements of shall not apply to clothes dryers in individual dwelling units of Residential Occupancies. Substantiation: This code amendment will require dryers in coin-operated Laundromats and laundries in apartment houses to be maintained and free of lint. Meeting Action: Accept in Principle 1. Add a new definition of Clothes Dryer to read: 3.3.x Clothes Dryer. A device used to dry wet laundry by means of heat derived from the combustion of fuel or from electric heating elements. [ 211 : 3.3] 2. Add new to read: Clothes Dryers Clothes dryers shall be cleaned to maintain the lint trap, and the mechanical and heating components free from excessive accumulations of lint The requirements of shall not apply to clothes dryers in individual dwelling units of residential occupancies. Statement: The action adds an extracted definition of Clothes Dryer from NFPA 211. The agreed with the submitterʼs substantiation and added the proposed recommendation without the subjective word frequently Log# 5 UFC-AAA Final Action: Reject (11.7.1) Submitter : Technical on Emergency Power Supplies Recommendation: Add the underlined text and revise to read as follows: Stationery Combustion Engines and Gas Turbines Installation. Stationary generators shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 110, Standard for Emergency and Standby Power Systems, NFPA 37, Standard for the Installation and Use of Stationary Combustion Engines and Gas Turbines, and NFPA 70, National Electrical Code. Substantiation: Adding the NFPA 110 reference to this section directs the user to the correct standard for generator installations in correlation with the engine requirements of NFPA 37. Statement: The believes that the submitterʼs intent is addressed in existing The scope of is broader than only emergency power systems and would require generators installed for other

33 reasons to comply with NFPA Log# 132 UFC-AAA Final Action: Reject (11.7.2(2)) Submitter : David Stringfield, University of Minnesota Recommendation: Revise text to read as follows: Acceptance. Newly installed...features shall be tested in accordance with NFPA 110. demonstrate the capacity...means (1) By...(2) By acceptance (3)By listing...factory-tested apparatus. Substantiation: The section needs revision to avoid conflicts with NFPA 110. NFPA 110 sets the minimums for on-site testing. Statement: The believes that the submitterʼs concern is addressed in the existing Code. The existing Code text provides additional options for the fire inspector on the inspection of emergency generators. The existing text in this section allows listed stationary generators to be used as an option for demonstrating compliance Log# 4 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept ( ) Submitter : Technical on Emergency Power Supplies Recommendation: Add the underlined text and revise to read as follows: Stationary generators used for standby power shall be tested and maintained in accordance with NFPA 110, Standard for Emergency and Standby Power Systems, NFPA 37, Standard for the Installation and Use of Stationary Combustion Engines and Gas Turbines. Substantiation: Adding the NFPA 110 reference to this section directs the user to the correct standard for generator testing and maintenance and correlates with the engine requirements of NFPA 37. Meeting Action: Accept 1-84 Log# 105 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept ( (New) ) Submitter : Eddie Phillips, Southern Regional Fire Code Development Recommendation: Add a new section to read: Newly installed smoke control systems shall be inspected by the AHJ and tested in accordance with the criteria established in the approved design documents. Substantiation: The current language in 11.8 does not appear to address required testing and inspection of new smoke control systems. A system could be installed and no inspection or commission test of the system would have occurred. Problems with the system would only be found after the system installation and during a maintenance inspection. Meeting Action: Accept 1-85 Log# 17 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept in Principle (12.3.2) Submitter : James Burns, National Association of State Fire Marshals Recommendation: Revise of NFPA 1 as follows: Maintenance and Inspection of Fire-Resistive Construction Required fire-resistive construction including rated assemblies, fire barriers, fire walls, shaft enclosures, fire partitions, smoke partitions, smoke barriers, exterior walls due to location on property and type of construction, draft-stop partitions, and roof coverings, fire-resistive coatings, spray applied fire-resistive materials, membrane and through-penetration firestops and fireresistive joint systems shall be maintained and shall be properly repaired, restored, or replaced where damaged, altered, breached, penetrated, removed, or improperly installed Annual inspections shall be performed where such fire-resistive construction are accessible to visual examination to confirm that the integrity of the fire-resistive construction has been maintained Where spray applied fire-resistive materials or coatings are found delaminated, removed, cracked, crumbled or fallen off when touched, or are found to have fallen off of the protected building members, the authority having jurisdictions is authorized to require tests and an inspection in accordance with Chapter 40 of NFPA 5000, and to require corrective action to maintain the required hourly fire-resistive rating Where required fire-rated gypsum wallboard walls or ceilings are damaged to the extent through openings exist, the damaged gypsum wallboard shall be replaced or returned to the required level of fire resistance rating using a listed repair system or using materials and methods equivalent to the original construction. 1-33

34 Substantiation: The NASFM sponsored Partnership for Safer Buildings has conducted a number of case studies of existing buildings, to identify, among other things, fire safety problems that might best be addressed through changes to building and fire codes. During a number of these inspections, lightweight spray applied fire-resistive material was found that was severely degraded such that it fell off of protected building members when casually brushed by hand. In other instances, large chunks of these coatings were found to have already fallen off of the building members, leaving them virtually unprotected. This proposed code change is intended to address this situation by requiring an annual visual inspection of the buildingʼs fire-resistant rated assemblies. This is consistent with the fire protection systems (NFPA 72, NFPA 25) and the requiremetns in NFPA 13 for sprinklers for the purpose of maintaining their systems. If degradation of fire resistive construction is discovered, the proposal clarifies that the AHJ is authorized to require a special inspection by an expert in order to determine acceptable methods for reestablishing the Comment on Affirmative SHAPIRO: I have no record that the committee voted to extract NFPA 101: into NFPA 1. This section is so poorly worded, it is difficult to understand the purpose, and it is inconsistent with the NFPA Manual of Style regarding the use of vague and ambiguous text, such as reasonable degree. In addition, I question the need for duplicative provisions in NFPA 1 UFC Sections and There is no apparent need for repeating the text in two general sections of the code. Although I recognize that this issue is not related to the proponentʼs intended change, the committeeʼs action brings to light the need to consider deleting one of the duplicative sections. THORNBERRY: My notes do not reflect that the Technical took action to implement Part 1 as shown in the Meeting Action which extracts Section from NFPA 101. That section in NFPA 101 does not appear to be related to the issue of maintenance and inspection of fire resistive construction. Otherwise, I agree with the Action on this Proposal. require protection. NASFM is not alone in raising these concerns. New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg recently proposed a series of building code modifications based on recommendations from a task force that looked into the World Trade Center collapse. Mandating inspections of spray-on fireproofing is one of Log# 18 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept in Principle proposed changes. (12.3.2) Note: Supporting material is available for review at NFPA Headquarters. Meeting Action: Accept in Principle 1. Add extract text from NFPA 101: as to read: Where it is evident that a reasonable degree of safety is provided, any requirement shall be permitted to be modified if, in the judgment of the AHJ, its application would be hazardous under normal occupancy conditions. [ 101 : ] 2. Replace existing through and its related annex material with extracted text from NFPA 101, through as follows: Maintenance and Testing Whenever or wherever any device, equipment, system, condition, arrangement, level of protection, or any other feature is required for compliance with the provisions of this Code, such device, equipment, system, condition, arrangement, level of protection, or other feature shall thereafter be continuously maintained in accordance with applicable NFPA requirements or as directed by the AHJ.[ 101 : ] * Existing life safety features obvious to the public, if not required by the Code, shall be either maintained or removed.[ 101 : ] A Examples of such features include automatic sprinklers, fire alarm systems, standpipes, and portable fire extinguishers. The presence of a life safety feature, such as sprinklers or fire alarm devices, creates a reasonable expectation by the public that these safety features are functional. When systems are inoperable or taken out of service but the devices remain, they present a false sense of safety. Also, before taking any life safety features out of service, extreme care needs to be exercised to ensure that the feature is not required, was not originally provided as an alternative or equivalency, or is no longer required due to other new requirements in the current Code. It is not intended that the entire system or protection feature be removed. Instead, components such as sprinklers, initiating devices, notification appliances, standpipe hose, and exit systems should be removed to reduce the likelihood of relying on inoperable systems or features. [ 101 :A ] Equipment requiring periodic testing or operation to ensure its maintenance shall be tested or operated as specified elsewhere in this Code or as directed by the AHJ.[ 101 : ] Maintenance and testing shall be performed under the supervision of a responsible person who shall ensure that testing and maintenance are made at specified intervals in accordance with applicable NFPA standards or as directed by the AHJ. [ 101 : ] 3. Keep existing text of of NFPA 1 UFC without change. 4. Add a new Annex to to read: A Fire-resistive construction also includes fire-resistive coatings and sprayed fire-resistive materials, as well as membrane and through-penetration firestops and fire-resistive joint systems. It is important to conduct periodic inspections of fire-resistive construction, especially these elements and components that are directly visible or readily accessible for inspection. Inspections of sprayed fire-resistive materials and coatings are especially important since they may be subject to delamination, removal, physical abuse, deterioration, and degradation over time. Periodic inspections should be able to identify apparent deficiencies, especially where they crumble or fall off when touched. When such conditions are identified, they should be further inspected and/or tested by qualified third parties to verify their integrity and effectiveness. Where they are found to be deficient, appropriate corrective action should be taken to restore them to their original condition. Statement: The is extracting the text from NFPA 101 to maintain consistency with other extracted text from NFPA 101. The annex material has been added to aid the user and code enforcer in what to look for. Submitter : Don Bliss, National Association of State Fire Marshals Recommendation: Revise of NFPA 1 as follows: Maintenance and Inspection of Fire-Resistive Construction Required fire-resistive construction including rated assemblies, fire barriers, fire walls, shaft enclosures, fire partitions, smoke partitions, smoke barriers, exterior walls due to location on property and type of construction, draft-stop partitions, and roof coverings, fire-resistive coatings, spray applied fire-resistive materials, membrane and through-penetration firestops and fireresistive joint systems shall be maintained and shall be properly repaired, restored, or replaced where damaged, altered, breached, penetrated, removed, or improperly installed Annual inspections shall be performed where such fire-resistive construction are accessible to visual examination to confirm that the integrity of the fire-resistive construction has been maintained. (I recommend this part of the requirement be made an Appendix note. I believe it will have opposition to maintain the requirement. The Annual inspection clearly mandates the visual inspection. I would rather have the AHJ doing the inspection rather than the janitor or maintenance personnel without any training.) Where spray applied fire-resistive materials or coatings are found delaminated, removed, cracked, crumbled or fallen off when touched, or are found to have fallen off of the protected building members, the authority having jurisdictions is authorized to require tests and an inspection in accordance with Chapter 40 of NFPA 5000, and to require corrective action to maintain the required hourly fire-resistive rating Where required fire-rated gypsum wallboard walls or ceilings are damaged to the extent through openings exist, the damaged gypsum wallboard shall be replaced or returned to the required level of fire resistance rating using a listed repair system or using materials and methods equivalent to the original construction. Substantiation: The NASFM sponsored Partnership for Safer Buildings has conducted a number of case studies of existing buildings, to identify, among other things, fire safety problems that might best be addressed through changes to building and fire codes. During a number of these inspections, lightweight spray applied fire-resistive material was found that was severely degraded such that it fell off of protected building members when casually brushed by hand. In other instances, large chunks of these coatings were found to have already fallen off of the building members, leaving them virtually unprotected. This proposed code change is intended to address this situation by requiring an annual visual inspection of the buildingʼs fire-resistant rated assemblies. This is consistent with the fire protection systems (NFPA 72, NFPA 25) and the requirements in NFPA 13 for sprinklers for the purpose of maintaining their systems. If degradation of fire resistive construction is discovered, the proposal clarifies that the AHJ is authorized to require a special inspection by an expert in order to determine acceptable methods for reestablishing the require protection. NASFM is not alone in raising these concerns. New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg recently proposed a series of building code modifications based on recommendations from a task force that looked into the World Trade Center collapse. Mandating inspections of spray-on fireproofing is one of 13 proposed changes. Note: Supporting material is available for review at NFPA Headquarters. Meeting Action: Accept in Principle See Action on Proposal 1-85 (Log #17). Statement: The believes that its action on Proposal 1-85 (Log #17) meets the submitterʼs intent. 1-34

35 Log# 136 UFC-AAA Final Action: Reject (13.1.5) 10. Fire Alarm Systems. Submitter : David Stringfield, University of Minnesota Recommendation: Revise text and numbering as follows: Inspection Testing and Maintenance All fire protection systems installed in accordance... Delete Existing Systems. Re-Acceptance Testing Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance * * * Automatic Extinguishing System. 12. Smoke Control Systems * Emergency Impairments The coordinator shall implement the steps outllined in Restoring Systems to Service. Delete Section *. Delete all extract references. Substantiation: Chapter 13 has unnecessarily segmented impairments and overemphasized sprinkler impairments. For instance, the tag system should apply to any impairment. The proposal combines the section and moves it to the general. Statement: The could not follow the submitterʼs proposal. The believes that the text that the submitter wants moved deals specifically with fire pumps and sprinkler systems. By moving these sections to a general section, it would apply to portable fire extinguishers and fire alarms outside of the scope of the extracted text Testing and Maintenance Changes in Hazard Delete Sections through * Installation and Acceptance Testing. Re-Acceptance Testing Periodic Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance Component Replacement. Re-Acceptance Testing * Delete Sections through Delete , Table , through Fire Alarm Systems shall be tested, inspected and maintained in accordance with NFPA Automatic extinguishing systems shall be tested, inspected and maintained according to the appropriate NFPA standards. Substantiation: While the task of writing inspection testing and maintenance sections is daunting, there is room for improvement. It fits better to have consistent requirements in the general section for consistency. Sections , , , were renamed Re-acceptance Testing for consistency. A new section, Changes in Hazard was pulled from so it would also apply to all systems if moved to the general section. Statement: The could not follow the submitterʼs proposal. The believes that the text that the submitter wants moved deals specifically with fire pumps and sprinkler systems. By moving these sections to a general section, it would apply to portable fire extinguishers and fire alarms which are outside of the scope of the extracted text Log# 135 UFC-AAA Final Action: Reject ( ) Submitter : David Stringfield, University of Minnesota Recommendation: Revise text and numbering as follows: Impairments Impairments General. Delete paragraph Impairment Coordinator The building owner Tag Impairment System * Impaired Equipment Log# 42 UFC-AAA Final Action: Reject ( (New) ) Recommendation: Add a new section to read: Covered Mall Buildings Covered mall buildings shall be equipped throughout with a standpipe system in accordance with Section There shall be a hose outlet connected to a system sized to deliver 250 gal/min (946 L/min) at the most hydraulically remote outlet. [ NFPA 5000 : ] The outlet shall be supplied from the mall zone sprinkler system and shall be hydraulically calculated. [ NFPA 5000 : ] Hose outlets shall be provided at each of the following locations: (1) Within the mall at the entrance to each exit passage or corridor (2) At each floor level landing within enclosed stairways opening directly onto the mall (3) At exterior public entrances to the mall. [ NFPA 5000 : ] Substantiation: The NFPA 1-Uniform Fire Code does not address standpipe system requirements for covered malls. This code language was extracted from NFPA Statement: The believes this requirement is incomplete. The believes that this is a building code issue and no justification has been presented for putting it in NFPA 1 UFC. Ballot Results: Affirmative: 28 Negative: 1 Explanation of Negative: BUSH: The rejection of this comment eliminates the requirement for the installation of standpipe systems in covered mall buildings from the Uniform Fire Code. Although addressed by provisions currently stated in NFPA 500 and NFPA 101, there may be jurisdictions which have adopted other building codes, or jurisdictions where no building code exist, that would use this provision of the Fire Code to regulate the installation of standpipe systems in covered mall buildings. It should also be noted, that this requirement does not mandate the installation of a standpipe system that complies with NFPA 14, but modifies the design, arrangement and operating characteristics, including water supply requirements, for these systems. Therefore, this Section provides a unique approach to address these fire protection issues for these types of structures. Since these provisions have been coordinated with NFPA 5000 and NFPA 101, the introduction of these requirements in NFPA 1 UFC should prove no additional hardship to those jurisdictions which currently enforce the provisions of those Codes Log# 154 UFC-AAA Final Action: Reject (13.3.1) Submitter : Kenneth E. Bush, Office of the Maryland State Fire Marshal Recommendation: Extract Sections 8.6.5, 8.6.6, 8.6.7, 8.7.5, 8.7.6, 8.8.5, 8.8.6, 8.8.7, 8.9.5, , , , , , and and associated Tables and Figures of NFPA 13, 2002 edition as a new paragraph to section of NFPA 1 as appropriate.

36 Substantiation: Each of these extracted paragraphs address conditions which continually change in existing buildings and need to be addressed as a part of the inspection of sprinklered properties. Such conditions include the orientation and height of storage, the types and locations of furnishings and decorations, modifications to construction for either structural or decorative purposes, and the installation or relocation of equipment, any of which could introduce obstruction to the proper operation of automatic sprinklers. It should also be noted that such changes to the building are easily completed and often occur at the direction of building occupants without the review or approval of the Code official. Where such modifications could impact the effectiveness of the fire protection system, subsequent inspections should adequately address these issues. Having this material extracted as a part of NFPA 1 would provide the field inspector with appropriate access to this material. Other paragraphs of these Sections of NFPA 13 address conditions which are inherent to the design and construction of the building not easily modified by building occupants, and have not been extracted as a part of this proposal. Statement: The requirements proposed by the submitter are intended for new sprinkler installations. By placing these requirements in the Code, inspectors could interpret them as applying to existing installations where the Code might have changes over time, but the level of safety provided has not increased or decreased. The believes that it would confuse enforcement of existing compliant systems due to new changes that have been accepted in NFPA Log# 124 UFC-AAA Final Action: Reject ( ) Submitter : David Stringfield, University of Minnesota Recommendation: Add new text to read as follows: Supervision. Where...receiving facility. Exception No. 1: Existing control valves are not required to be electrically supervised if they are locked open and inspected weekly. Exception No. 2: Existing dry system air pressures are not required to be electrically supervised if the pressure is inspected daily. Exception No. 3: Existing tank water levels are not required to be electrically supervised if inspected weekly. Substantiation: Both NFPA 13 and 25 allude to allowing locked or sealed valves. It should be a 1, 101, and 5000 issue, not 13 or 25, to allow or prohibit this. I took the issue farther to address other non-supervised sprinkler equipment that may be unsupervised if inspected frequently. Statement: Existing is extracted from NFPA 101. This Commitee is not permitted to change extracted text from another NFPA code or standard under the NFPA Extract Policy. This proposal will be forwarded to the appropriate technical committee for action. Substantiation: There are many circumstances where modifications to original building design and construction, or where the installation or relocation of heat producing equipment affect the temperature classification of associated sprinkler protection. In addition, the relocation or replacement of sprinkler heads at certain locations may be critical in the proper operation of the system, including the prevention of unnecessary sprinkler discharge. Since this paragraph of NFPA 13 addresses several building modifications and equipment installations or relocationʼs that could occur after the initial inspection and approval of the building, it would be helpful for the inspector to reference this section as a part of subsequent inspections of existing buildings. Such information could become more critical as more residential occupancies are provided with automatic sprinkler protection and modifications to these occupancies occur without the proper permit application and design review process. Meeting Action: Accept in Principle Extract and Tables (a), (b), and (c) from NFPA 13 as a new to read: The following practices shall be observed to provide sprinklers of other than ordinary-temperature classification unless other temperatures are determined or unless high-temperature sprinklers are used throughout and temperature selection shall be in accordance with Table (a), Table (b), and Figure : (1) Sprinklers in the high-temperature zone shall be of the high-temperature classification, and sprinklers in the intermediate-temperature zone shall be of the intermediate-temperature classification. (2) Sprinklers located within 12 in. (305 mm) to one side or 30 in. (762 mm) above an uncovered steam main, heating coil, or radiator shall be of the intermediate-temperature classification. (3) Sprinklers within 7 ft (2.1 m) of a low-pressure blowoff valve that discharges free in a large room shall be of the high-temperature classification. (4) Sprinklers under glass or plastic skylights exposed to the direct rays of the sun shall be of the intermediate-temperature classification. (5) Sprinklers in an unventilated, concealed space, under an uninsulated roof, or in an unventilated attic shall be of the intermediate-temperature classification. (6) Sprinklers in unventilated show windows having high-powered electric lights near the ceiling shall be of the intermediate-temperature classification. (7) Sprinklers protecting commercial-type cooking equipment and ventilation systems shall be of the high- or extra high temperature classification as determined by use of a temperature-measuring device. (See of NFPA 13.) (8) Sprinklers protecting residential areas installed near specific heat sources identified in Table (c) shall be installed in accordance with Table (c). [13: ] B A C A 1-92 Log# 127 UFC-AAA Final Action: Reject ( (New) ) Submitter : David Stringfield, University of Minnesota Recommendation: Add new text as follows: Existing Sprinkler Supervision. All required and non-required sprinkler systems with more than 100 sprinklers shall be supervised, with their water supplies by a protected premises fire alarm system. Alarm, trouble and supervising conditions shall be transmitted to an approved constantly attended location. Substantiation: The code needs to address supervision of pre-code sprinklers. While the sprinklers may not be required directly, violations such as rated corridors and dead-ends may become an issue. Sprinklers are far less reliable without fire alarm supervision. Supervising the sprinklers reduces the water damage potential by accidental operation. Statement: Existing is extracted from NFPA 101. This is not permitted to change extracted text from another NFPA code or standard under the NFPA Extract Policy. The 100 head threshold for the sprinkler requirement should be directed to NFPA 13. A B ⁵ ₁₆ C B ⁷ ₈ B ¹¹ ₁₆ 1-93 Log# 155 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept in Principle ( (New) ) Submitter : Kenneth E. Bush, Office of the Maryland State Fire Marshal Recommendation: Extract Paragraph and associated Table and Figure of NFPA 13, 2002 edition as a new Paragraph of NFPA FIGURE High-Temperature and Intermediate-Temperature Zones at Unit Heaters.

37 Table (a) Temperature Ratings of Sprinklers Based on Distance from Heat Sources Type of Heat Condition Ordinary Degree Rating Intermediate Degree Rating High Degree Rating (1) Heating ducts (a) Above More than 2 ft 6 in. 2 ft 6 in. or less (b) Side and below More than 1 ft 0 in. 1 ft 0 in. or less (c) Diffuser (2) Unit heater (a) Horizontal discharge (b) Vertical downward discharge (for sprinklers below unit heater, see Figure ) (3) Steam mains (uncovered) Any distance except as shown under Intermediate Degree Rating column (a) Above More than 2 ft 6 in. 2 ft 6 in. or less (b) Side and below More than 1 ft 0 in. 1 ft 0 in. or less Downward discharge: Cylinder with 1 ft 0 in. radius from edge extending 1 ft 0 in. below and 2 ft 6 in. above Horizontal discharge: Semicylinder with 2 ft 6 in. radius in direction of flow extending 1 ft 0 in. below and 2 ft 6 in. above Discharge side: 7 ft 0 in. to 20 ft 0 in. radius pie-shaped cylinder (see Figure ) extending 7 ft 0 in. above and 2 ft 0 in. below heater; also 7 ft 0 in. radius cylinder more than 7 ft 0 in. above unit heater 7 ft 0 in. radius cylinder extending upward from an elevation 7 ft 0 in. above unit heater (c) Blowoff valve More than 7 ft 0 in. 7 ft 0 in. or less For SI units, 1 in. = 25.4 mm; 1 ft = m. 7 ft 0 in. radius cylinder extending 7 ft 0 in. above and 2 ft 0 in. below unit heater 7 ft 0 in. radius cylinder extending from the top of the unit heater to an elevation 7 ft 0 in. above unit heater Skylights Table (b) Ratings of Sprinklers in Specified Locations Location Ordinary Degree Rating Intermediate Degree Rating High Degree Rating Glass or plastic Attics Ventilated Unventilated Peaked roof: metal or thin boards, concealed or not concealed, insulated or uninsulated Ventilated Unventilated Flat roof: metal, not concealed Ventilated or unventilated Note: For uninsulated roof, climate and insulated or uninsulated occupancy can necessitate intermediate sprinklers. Check on job. Flat roof: metal, concealed, insulated or Ventilated Unventilated uninsulated Show windows Ventilated Unventilated Note: A check of job condition by means of thermometers might be necessary. Heat Source Table (c) Ratings of Sprinklers in Specified Residential Areas Minimum Distance from Edge of Source to Ordinary-Temperature Sprinkler Minimum Distance from Edge of Source to Intermediate-Temperature Sprinkler in. mm in. mm Side of open or recessed fireplace Front of recessed fireplace Coal- or wood-burning stove Kitchen range Wall oven Hot air flues Uninsulated heat ducts Uninsulated hot water pipes Side of ceiling- or wall-mounted hot air diffusers Front of wall-mounted hot air diffusers Hot water heater or furnace Light fixture: W 250 W 250 W 499 W

38 Statement: The agrees with the submitterʼs recommendation and has added the correct table and references from NFPA 13. existing codes and standards. He said nursing homes should be protected with more stringent fire protection because their residents are the least capable of saving themselves from fire. Shannon said his call for action is independent and does not interfere with the time-honored code-development process through which NFPA codes and standards are developed and revised. NFPA codes are developed by the 1-94 Log# 152 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept in Principle consensus of diverse, experienced volunteers who serve on various NFPA ( ) committees, including those that pertain to fire and other life safety. Submitter : Kenneth E. Bush, Office of the Maryland State Fire Marshal Recommendation: Revise text to read as follows: New buildings housing emergency fire, rescue, or medical services f ire stations shall be protected throughout by an approved automatic sprinkler system. Substantiation: This proposal seeks to expand the requirement for automatic sprinkler protection to buildings housing all types of emergency service providers, and not those just for fire protection. The loss of any such service providers, and not those just for fire protection. The loss of any such service or equipment could be crucial to the protection for any community, and such equipment should be provided with adequate levels of protection in order to ensure their continued availability. In addition, many of these facilities often house residential sleeping spaces; or are unattended for extended periods of time, and the installation of such fire protection features would provide increased life safety and building and contents measures. The emergency services community should provide the example for the proper levels of automatic fire protection which should be installed in all public buildings throughout the community served by that organization. Meeting Action: Accept in Principle Revise existing to read: New buildings housing emergency fire, rescue, or ambulances services shall be protected throughout by an approved automatic sprinkler system. Statement: The agrees with the submitterʼs recommendation to change the terminology to clarify the requirement. The phrase medical services was changed to ambulance services to eliminate misinterpretation of medical services meaning clinics, doctors offices, and normal health care occupancies. Ballot Results: Affirmative: 27 Negative: 2 Explanation of Negative: SHAPIRO: The issue of requiring sprinkler protection in new buildings based on routine occupancy classifications is under the purview of NFPA 5000 and NFPA 101. Expanding a requirement in NFPA 1 UFC that is already in conflict with NFPA 5000/NFPA 101 furthers the classic conflict of building and fire codes, where a building constructed in accordance with the building code become illegal under the fire code the day that a certificate of occupancy is issued. The proposal is also flawed in that it would technically require an unoccupied industrial fire equipment storage building or shed to be sprinklered, even though there might be no plausible sources of ignition inside. NFPA, as a century-old fire safety advocate, has an obligation to be an advocate and lead on issues crucial to safety, in this case, the need is for greater safety for nursing home residents, he said. These tragedies have taught us that we must do more to keep our elderly and disabled safe from fire. We know that fire sprinklers can control fires where they start and alleviate the burdens placed on staff to deal with the fire while relocating or evacuating patients, said Shannon. Sprinklers must be included in our stock of existing nursing homes because it is evident that common fire protection measures in nursing homes that work well now need to be strengthened. According to NFPA research, when sprinklers are present in a building, the chances of dying in a fire are cut by one-half to two-thirds, compared to fires where sprinklers are not present. In fact, when measured by the average number of deaths per thousand fires in , the reduction associated with sprinklers is 82% for properties that care for the aged or sick. One-quarter of all nursing home fires occur in facilities not equipped with sprinklers. It is estimated that overall 10-15% of all nursing homes are not equipped with sprinklers. As a licensed nurse who worked in nursing homes prior to my entry into the fire service (firefighter/deputy state fire marshal, retired), I can attest to the difficulties of moving the elderly under normal conditions, never mind under fire conditions. Additionally, On March 13, 2003, the International Association of Fire Chiefs (IAFC) challenged the two major national code organizations the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) and the International Code Council (ICC) to address a number of underlying fire safety issues that are in need of review, such as the concept of grandfathering. The IAFC said Grandfathering must be eliminated from the codes for all target hazard buildings and occupancies, such as assemblies, multi-family occupancies and residential occupancies of substantial risk, such as group houses and 24- hour care facilities. All non-compliant, pre-existing occupancies must be required to come into full compliance with the most current fire and building codes within a specified phase-in time deadline. Statement: The technical provisions contained in this proposal are within the scope of the NFPA 101. The existing text is extracted text from NFPA 101. This is not permitted to change extracted text from another NFPA code or standard under the NFPA Extract Policy. THORNBERRY: I agree with Jeff Shapiroʼs negative comments Log# 6 UFC-AAA Final Action: Reject ( ) 1-95 Log# 84 UFC-AAA Final Action: Reject ( ) Submitter : Michael J. Jontry, Illinois Dept. of Public Health Submitter : Scott W. Adams, Park City Fire Service District / Rep. UFCA/ WFCA Recommendation: Revise the following sections: NFPA 1 UFC Nursing homes shall be protected throughout by an approved, supervised automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 9.7, unless otherwise permitted by Where required by , of NFPA 101, other health care facilities shall be protected throughout by an approved, supervised automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 9.7 of NFPA 101, unless otherwise permitted by [ 101: ]. A timeframe for compliance shall be established by the AHJ. NFPA Nursing homes shall be protected throughout by an approved, supervised automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 9.7, unless otherwise permitted by Where required by , other health care facilities shall be protected throughout by an approved, supervised automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 9.7, unless otherwise permitted by Substantiation: The problem is well stated in the October 16, 2003 statement of NFPA President James M. Shannon calling for fire sprinklers in all nursing homes. October 16, 2003 The president of NFPA (National Fire Protection Association) today called for all nursing homes in the U.S. to be equipped with fire sprinklers, in the wake of two recent nursing home fires in Hartford and Nashville, where a total of 24 people died. In his statement, President James M. Shannon said that although the nursing home industry has made great strides in recent years to ensure residents are safe in the event of fire, more needs to be done. Sprinklers are already required in all new and many existing nursing homes, but where they are not yet required they must be added to the package of fire protection provided by Recommendation: Revise text as follows:...for new installations in existing health care occupancies, where more than two sprinklers are installed in a single area. waterflow detection shall be provided.... Substantiation: NFPA 1 Section Where this Code permits exceptions for fully sprinklered buildings or smoke compartments, the sprinkler system shall meet the following criteria: NFPA 1 Sub-Section (1) It shall be in accordance (1) of NFPA 101 unless it is an approved existing system. NFPA 101 Section Each automatic sprinkler system required by another section of this Code shall be in accordance with one of the following: NFPA 101 Sub-Section (1) NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems. NFPA 13, Installation of Sprinkler Systems, in Section clearly calls for an inspectors test connection to represent the flow from one sprinkler head of the smallest diameter installed on the system. Similarly, NFPA 13, Section also calls for a test connection sized to represent the flow from one sprinkler head of the smallest diameter installed on the system. The requirement established by the above references is that the flow from a single sprinkler shall initiate an alarm. The proposed deletion would achieve four goals. 1. NFPA 1, in the above referenced sections, would match NFPA 13 in requiring the flow from a single sprinkler head of the smallest diameter installed on the system to initiate an alarm. In the absence of wording to the contrary, a single flow switch could serve more than one hazardous area, provided the areas served are from the same domestic water source connection point. That reduces potential flow switch redundancy but still provides protection. 2. This change recognizes that where domestic fed sprinkler systems are permitted, the hazard is greater than that of the surrounding area. This is in keeping with the overall trend in dealing with such areas. In particular, over 1-38

39 the years, this provision was changed to read two sprinklers from the Substantiation: Bulk storage of tires presents a significant fire challenge. original three sprinklers, and the provisions for extra hazard were Overall pile size in unsprinklered buildings needs to be kept to a moderate eliminated in Healthcare Occupancies. In addition, NFPA 13 dictates that the size. flow from a single sprinkler, even in an area as potentially unhazardous as a Meeting Action: Accept in Principle walk-in freezer, requires the initiation of an alarm, while the present NFPA 1 Add a new to read: Section appears to discount the flow from one sprinkler, even in an Bulk Storage of Tires. New buildings and structures where the area of greater hazard. volume of tire storage in a single area exceeds 20,000 ft 3 (566 m 3 ) shall be 3. This change also clarifies potential misunderstanding in NFPA 1 Section equipped throughout with an approved automatic sprinkler system in that, as presently written, it is unclear if the flow from one Statement: The agrees with the concerns stated in sprinkler is required to initiate an alarm since installation of a flow sensing the submitterʼs substantiation and agrees to applying the proposed device is only required for TWO sprinklers in an area. recommendation to new buildings and structures storing tires, but feels that 4. This change matches a proposed changes for NFPA 101 Section existing facilities should be exempt unless they fall under the provisions of and NFPA 5000 Section Statement: The technical provisions contained in this proposal are within the scope of the NFPA 101. The existing text is Comment on Affirmative extracted text from NFPA 101. This is not permitted to change KOFFEL: This action is not consistent with the action take by BLD-IND on extracted text from another NFPA code or standard under the NFPA Extract Proposal No (Log #354). The actions should be consistent. Policy Log# 44 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept in Principle ( (New) ) Recommendation: Add a new section to read: Mini-Storage Facility An automatic sprinkler system shall be installed throughout all Mini-Storage facilities greater than 2500 ft 2 (232 m 2 ). Substantiation: Mini-Storage facilities are unique in the manner they are built and an AHJʼs ability to inspect those facilities. Absentee owners secure most of the rented or leased spaces and what is actually stored in these spaces canʼt be verified by the AHJ. During inspections and incidents propane, tires, drug labs and other hazardous materials and conditions have been found in these facilities. A definition of mini-storage facility has been submitted to this code as well and already require sprinkler protection in other facilities of this size. Meeting Action: Accept in Principle Add a new to read: Mini-Storage Facility. An automatic sprinkler system shall be installed throughout all new mini-storage facilities greater than 2500 ft 2 (232 m 2 ). Statement: The agrees with the concerns stated in the submitterʼs substantiation. The further revised the submitterʼs recommendation to apply to new Mini-Storage Facilities, but believes that existing facilities should be exempt unless they fall under the provisions of Ballot Results: Affirmative: 27 Negative: 2 Explanation of Negative: SHAPIRO: The issue of requiring sprinkler protection in new buildings based on routine occupancy classifications is under the purview of NFPA 500 and NFPA 101. Adding a requirement to NFPA 1UFC that is in conflict with NFPA 5000/NFPA 101 furthers the classic conflict of building and fire codes, where a building constructed in accordance with the building code becomes illegal under the fire code the day that a certificate of occupancy is issued. It is noted that the NFPA 5000 committee rejected this proposal at their NFPA meeting for the ROP ( ) THORNBERRY: I have voted Negative on this Proposal for two reasons. One reason is that the definition proposed for mini-storage facility in Proposal 1-40 (Log #32) as discussed in my Explanation of Negative for Proposal 1-40 (Log #32) is too broad and goes way beyond the intent of the proponent in trying to establish sprinkler requirements for a unique type storage facility. Second, there was no technical substantiation provided to justify providing automatic sprinklers for these facilities, especially at such a low threshold of 2,500 sq. ft. As mentioned in my Negative comment on Proposa (Log #32), the threshold for general warehouse storage facilities in accordance with NFPA 5000 is 12,000 sq. ft. Furthermore, consideration should be given to utilizing fire areas to establish the sprinkler threshold for mini-storage facilities which could then be subdivided with fire barrier walls having a specified minimum fire resistance rating so as to not trigger the requirement for automatic sprinklers. This would be a very useful approach, especially in rural arreas where water supplies may be inadequate or enen nonexistent Log# 45 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept in Principle ( (New) ) Recommendation: Add a new section to read: Bulk Storage of Tires. Buildings and structures where the area for the storage of tires exceeds 20,000 ft 3 (566 m 3 ) shall be equipped throughout with an approved automatic fire sprinkler system Log# 46 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept in Principle ( (New) ) Recommendation: Add a new section to read: Woodworking Operations. An approved automatic fire sprinkler system shall be installed in buildings containing woodworking operations exceeding 2500 ft 2 (232 m 2 ) in area that use equipment, machinery or appliances, which generate finely divided combustible waste or which use finely divided combustible materials. Substantiation: Fire sprinkler requirements have been historically required for woodworking facilities in the Uniform Fire Code. The 2500 ft2 threshold is in the Uniform Fire Code, 2000 Edition, Section Meeting Action: Accept in Principle Add a new to read: Industrial Occupancies Woodworking Operations. An approved automatic fire sprinkler system shall be installed throughout occupancies containing new woodworking operations exceeding 5000 ft 2 (465 m 2 ) in area that use equipment, machinery or appliances, which generate finely divided combustible waste, or which use finely divided combustible materials. Statement: The believes that their revision of the submitterʼs recommendation clarifies that the areas of the occupancy to be sprinklered are the areas where the woodworking operations are conducted, not the entire building. Comment on Affirmative KOFFEL: This action is not consistent with the action taken by BLD-IND on Proposal No (Log #355). The actions should be consistent. SHAPIRO: I have no record of the committee revising the threshold area for requiring sprinkler protection in woodworking occupancies from 2,500 to 5,000 sq. ft., and the committee statement provides no justification for changing this from the proponentʼs original submittal, which was consistent with action taken by NFPA in the ROP ( ) Log# CP23 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept ( , (New)) Submitter : Technical on Uniform Fire Code Recommendation: 1. Add new and renumber existing through as through : Ceiling Tiles and Ceiling Assemblies. Where automatic sprinklers are installed, ceilings necessary for the proper actuation of the fire protection device in accordance with NFPA 13 shall be maintained. 2. Add new Section and renumber existing as : Ceiling Tiles and Ceiling Assemblies. Where automatic detectors are installed, ceilings necessary for the proper actuation of the fire protection device in accordance with NFPA 72 shall be maintained. Substantiation: The notes that the replacement of ceiling tiles is a problem after maintenance and other activities. The believes that the proposed text will require that the ceiling tiles must be in place so that the performance of fire protection systems is not impaired. Meeting Action: Accept

40 1-101 Log# 47 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept in Principle in Part ( (New) ) Recommendation: Add a new section to read: Any equipment or other uses in the fire pump room not directly related to the fire pump shall not be placed within this room. Substantiation: Fire Pump rooms have been converted to storage areas and other ancillary equipment have been installed that may be a detriment to the fire pump or fire pump controller, if that storage was involved in a fire. There is also a chance that failures to a piece of unlisted equipment, i.e. hot water heater that may affect the fire pump or pump controller. Meeting Action: Accept in Principle in Part See Action on Proposal 1-74 (Log #39). Statement: The believes that the proposed prohibition on other equipment in the room is excessive, as many fire pumps are installed in mechanical rooms with other equipment present Log# 138 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept in Principle (Table Note 5 (New) ) Submitter : Jeffrey M. Shapiro, International Code Consultants / Rep. The Chlorine Institute Recommendation: Add a new Note 5, which is applicable to the rows for Storage Occupancies and Industrial Occupancies as follows: 5. In areas where forklifts are the primary means of handling materials, fire extinguishers shall be permitted to be provided in accordance with NFPA 505 in lieu of NFPA 10. Substantiation: The statistics submitted last cycle to justify requiring fire extinguishers in a variety of occupancies did not demonstrate a compelling need for providing fire extinguishers in storage or industrial uses. While it could be reasonably argued, based on fire data, that a requirement to provide portable fire extinguishers in these uses isnʼt warranted at all, it is recognized that some benefit may be derived by providing extinguishers on forklifts because forklifts are a known source of ignition and because forklift operators may be present when an accidental fire occurs. Locating fire extinguishers on forklifts in accordance with NFPA 505 therefore seems to be an appropriate approach to providing first aid firefighting capabilities in these occupancies. Meeting Action: Accept in Principle Add a new Note 5 to existing Table which is applicable to the row for storage occupancies to read: 5. In storage areas where forklifts or similar vehicles are the primary means of handling materials, fire extinguishers shall be permitted to be located on such vehicles in lieu of installing fixed extinguishers as specified in NFPA 10 when approved by the AHJ and, (a) Each vehicle shall be equipped with a 4A:80B:C extinguisher (b) Not less than two spare extinguishers shall be available to replace a discharged extinguisher (c) Vehicle operators shall be trained in the proper operation of the extinguisher (d) Extinguisher shall be inspected daily. Statement: The agrees with the concerns presented in the submitterʼs substantiation. The revised the proposed recommendation to make it apply only to storage occupancies where forklifts or similar vehicles are the primary means of handling materials. Ballot Results: Affirmative: 27 Negative: 2 Explanation of Negative: COLLINS: The term similar vehicles is not defined in NFPA 1 UFC and as an end user I am compelled to vote against such vague terminology. Additionally, the submitterʼs substantiation recognizes that these vehicles are not staffed at all times, therefore creating a potentially dangerous delay for first aid firefighting. Often these vehicles are placed in a separate area of the storage occupancy while idle or while being recharged all at the same time. This could mean all the required extinguishers are in the same room segregated from the main storage. In addition, I have a problem with allowing the required fire extinguisher for storage occupancies to be attached to a moving object. When an occupant finds an unwanted fire, the extinguisher should be placed in a specific location where the occupants can find them in case of an emergency. THORNBERRY: I agree with Jeff Collinsʼ negative comments Log# 137 UFC-AAA Final Action: Reject (13.7) Submitter : David Stringfield, University of Minnesota Recommendation: Revise text to read as follows: 13.7 Detection, Alarm, and Communication Fire Alarm Systems Delete section Delete section. Delete sections through Delete sections and Delete through Compatibility Documentation Approval and Acceptance * * * Revision Documentation Required * Delete sections , , and Alarm Signal Initiation and Water Flow Sprinkler System Supervision * Power Supply. Delete Table Delete sections through Substantiation: 13.7 was appropriately renamed Fire Alarm Systems because that is what is described in the remainder of the section. Sections listed below were moved to for consistency in writing the section , *, and was deleted because it is covered by was deleted because of , , , and were deleted for was deleted because it is too general and deleted specific requirements was deleted because all of 13.7 is fire alarms was deleted for , , , , and Table was deleted because it unnecessarily duplicates only part of the NFPA 72 maintenance chapter and may be misleading or is already mentioned in the chapter was renamed for the better, Sprinkler System Supervision because it discusses supervising initiating devices. Statement: The could not follow the submitterʼs proposal. The believes that the text that the submitter wants moved deals specifically with fire pumps and sprinkler systems. By moving these sections to a general section, it would apply to portable fire extinguishers and fire alarms which are outside of the scope of the extracted text Log# 125 UFC-AAA Final Action: Reject ( ) Submitter : David Stringfield, University of Minnesota Recommendation: Add new text to read as follows: X Non-Required Systems X.1 Non-required fire alarm system devices shall be permitted to be installed X.2 The rooms containing the non-required equipment shall have the quantity of initiation devices or notification appliances and their locations according to NFPA 72 to serve the entire room X.3 Non-required systems shall be removed if nuisance alarms persist X.4 Non-required fire alarm systems shall not be connected to a supervising station unless approved by the AHJ. Substantiation: The code, not NFPA 72, shall describe, limit, and provide guidance for non-required systems. Statement: The submitterʼs recommendation does not provide installation, coverage, or other requirements for these systems. The believes that this is already addressed in the Code by Section Log# 48 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept in Principle ( (New) ) Recommendation: Add a new section to read: Duct Detector Annunciation. In buildings provided with a fire alarm system, the smoke detector(s) installed in air handlers shall be

41 connected to the fire alarm control panel. In buildings without fire alarm systems, activation of the air handler smoke detector(s) shall cause annunciation of an audible or visual signal in a normally occupied area. The smoke detector trouble conditions shall be identified as air duct detector trouble in accordance with NFPA 90A, 2002 Edition. In multi-tenant buildings, a single audible or visual device shall be installed in each of the individual tenant spaces. Substantiation: Duct Detector annunciation has been in NFPA 90 A for a number of editions. The following is the language as it appears in the 2002 edition of NFPA 90A Installation Smoke detectors shall be installed, tested, and maintained in accordance with NFPA 72, National Fire Alarm Code In addition to the requirements of 6.4.3, where an approved fire alarm system is installed in a building, the smoke detectors required by the provisions of Section 6.4 shall be connected to the fire alarm system in accordance with the requirements of NFPA 72, National Fire Alarm Code. (2) Smoke detector trouble conditions shall be indicated visually or audibly in a normally occupied area and shall be identified as air duct detector trouble. (90A: ) Smoke detectors powered separately from the fire alarm system for the sole function of stopping fans shall not require standby power. (90A: ) 2. Renumber existing through as through Statement: The technical provisions contained in this proposal are within the scope of the NFPA 90A. The is adding the NFPA 90A provisions cited in the substantiation, since they are identified as extract material and NFPA 90A has jurisdiction over the subject matter. This is not permitted to change extracted text from another NFPA code or standard under the NFPA Extract Policy Smoke detectors used solely for closing dampers or for heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning system shutdown shall not be required to Log# 126 UFC-AAA ( ) Final Action: Reject activate the building evacuation alarm Where smoke detectors required by Section 6.4 are installed in a building not equipped with an approved fire alarm system as specified by , the following shall occur: (1) Smoke detector activation required by Section 6.4 shall cause a visual and audible signal in a normally occupied area. (2) Smoke detector trouble conditions shall be indicated visually or audibly in a normally occupied area and shall be identified as air duct detector trouble Smoke detectors powered separately from the fire alarm system for the sole function of stopping fans shall not require standby power. This code amendment will state the requirements of NFPA 90A without duplicating all of the text. Meeting Action: Accept in Principle 1. Add new material as using extracted text from NFPA 90A to read: Duct Detector Installation Smoke detectors shall be installed, tested, and maintained in accordance with NFPA 72, National Fire Alarm Code. (90A: ) In addition to the requirements of of NFPA 90A, where an approved fire alarm system is installed in a building, the smoke detectors Submitter : David Stringfield, University of Minnesota Recommendation: Add new text and table as follows: Reliability of Fire Alarm Systems New fire alarm system shall be designed and installed to meet the necessary reliability required by Table Existing. No requirements. Substantiation: The code has not controlled fire alarm technology. Presently, a building can have all initiation, notification and control on a single pair of wires with very minimum protection. A single open short or ground leaves the building unprotected with only a trouble. The code needs to increase fire alarm system reliability as potential life loss increases. One size doesnʼt fit all. Statement: This proposal is outside of the scope of NFPA 1 UFC and is addressed in the scope of NFPA 72 or NFPA 101. The proposal should be correlated with the technical requirements for supervision in NFPA 72. required by the provisions of Section 6.4 of NFPA 90A shall be connected to the fire alarm system in accordance with the requirements of NFPA 72, National Fire Alarm Code. (90A: ) Smoke detectors used solely for closing dampers or for heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning system shutdown shall not be required to activate the building evacuation alarm. (90A: ) Where smoke detectors required by Section 6.4 are installed in a building not equipped with an approved fire alarm system as specified by , the following shall occur: (1) Smoke detector activation required by Section 6.4 of NFPA 90A shall cause a visual and audible signal in a normally occupied area. Table Required Reliability for New Fire Alarm Systems based upon Occupancy and Occupant Load 1 Occupancy Sprinklered, 2 Nonsprinklered Not Used Assembly with occupant 1 2 load less than 300 Assembly with occupant 2 NP Load between 301 and 1000 Assembly with occupant 3 NP Load between 1001 and 6000 Assembly with occupant load greater than NP Business with occupant load less than Business with occupant load greater than Educational 2 3 F with occupant load less than 500 above or below grade NR 1 F with occupant load greater than 501 above or below grade 1 2 Health Care with occupant load less than NP Health Care with occupant load greater than NP Mercantile with occupant load less than Mercantile with occupant load between 301 and NP Mercantile with occupant load greater than NP Residential with occupant load less than Residential with occupant load between 251 and NP Residential with occupant load greater than NP Storage NR NR Notes: 1. Increase required reliability by 2 for high rise buildings or 2 for underground buildings with occupants more than 60 ft below grade. 2. When an approved, supervised automatic sprinkler is installed in accordance with and supervised and monitored in accordance with Total system reliability is the sum of: 2 for U.L. Certificated systems 2 for systems with all required initiating device circuits, notification appliance circuits and signaling line circuits designed and installed to be Class A 1 for all required initiating device circuits, notification appliance circuits and signaling line circuits designed and installed in metal raceway 1 for sprinklered buildings NP = Not permitted. NR = No requirements other than what is required by section

42 egress path marking is charged for emergency operation and legibility in both Log# 83 UFC-AAA Final Action: Reject the normal and emergency modes. Additionally, the type of light source (for ( ) example, incandescent, fluorescent, halogen, metal halide) is important. Each Submitter : Scott W. Adams, Park City Fire Service District / Rep. UFC/ WFCA Recommendation: Add new text: NFPA 1 UFC A contrasting marking stripe shall be provided on each stair tread and riser in accordance with ASTM E NFPA A contrasting marking stripe shall be provided on each stair tread and riser in accordance with ASTM E Substantiation: Stairs in a building are used for both occupant evacuation and for firefighter access to the upper floors during a fire. Visibility of those stairs under normal and emergency conditions is crucial to both occupant survival and to firefighter safety. Many occupants have common visual impairments such as low vision. Peopleʼs ability to navigate the stairs in an emergency in a timely fashion can literally mean the difference between life and death as the window of time for safe evacuation is never known in advance. FEMAʼs World Trade Center Building Performance Study (Chapter 2, WTC 1 and WTC 2, Section ) noted that between both towers, 99% of the people below the floors of impact survived in part because important modifications had been made to the building egress system after the 1993 WTC bombing, including the placement of photoluminescent markings on the egress paths and the stair treads to facilitate emergency egress. ASTM E provides three approved methods of marking the stairs which will light source produces different types of visible and invisible light (for example, UV) that might affect the ability of some photoluminescent signs or floor proximity egress path markings to charge and might also affect the amount of light output available during emergency mode. This type of sign or floor proximity egress path marking would not be suitable where the illumination levels are permitted to decline. The charging light source should not be connected to automatic timers, because the continuous illumination of the sign or floor proximity egress path marking is needed; otherwise, the sign or floor proximity egress path marking illumination would not be available because it would be discharged. Substantiation: The provisions of Section and are appropriate for listed photoluminescent floor proximity egress path markings. Photoluminescent floor proximity egress path markings are tested and listed under standard UL 1994, Low Level Path Marking and Lighting Systems and comply with ASTM E , Standard Specification for Photoluminescent (phosphorescent) Safety Markings. The proposal will clarify the use of photoluminescent floor proximity egress path markings. Statement: This proposal is outside of the scope of NFPA 1 UFC, as these requirements are within the scope of NFPA 101. This Commitee is not permitted to change extracted text from another NFPA code or standard under the NFPA Extract Policy. The proposal will be forwarded to NFPA 101 for action. provide visible stair markings for both descent of occupants and ascent of firefighters in the event there is a loss of normal and emergency power. This last point is of a great importance in that it takes into account the potential Log# 106 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept failure of emergency power or emergency batteries. (Chapter 15) Statement: This proposal is outside of the scope of NFPA 1 UFC, as these requirements are within the scope of NFPA 101. The proposal will be forwarded to NFPA 101. Submitter : Eddie Phillips, Southern Regional Fire Code Development Recommendation: Delete Chapter 15. Substantiation: NFPA 1 has evolved with its own water supply, fire hydrant and access requirements. In some cases, these requirements conflict with NFPA In addition, the applicability conditions in 15.1 and contained in Log# 89 UFC-AAA Final Action: Reject NFPA 1141 are extremely nebulous. What is Limited water supply, Limited ( ) fire department resources and Other unusual characteristics? These broad Submitter : Scott W. Adams, Park City Fire Service District / Rep. UFCA/ WFCA Recommendation: Revise text to read as follows: NFPA 1 UFC * Photoluminescent Signs and Floor Proximity Egress Path Markings. The face of a photoluminescent sign or floor proximity egress path marking shall be continually illuminated while the building is occupied. undefined conditions create significant opportunity for conflict in the application of NFPA Until NFPA 1141 provides a more prescriptive applicability statement, it is inappropriate to reference. Even then, the recent modifications to NFPA 1 appear to make NFPA 1141 no longer appropriate as a reference document. Meeting Action: Accept The illumination levels on the face of the photoluminescent sign or floor proximity egress path marking shall be in accordance with its listing. The charging illumination shall be a reliable light source as determined by the Log# 157 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept in Principle authority having jurisdiction. The charging light source shall be of a type (16.1.1) specified in the product markings. A Photoluminescent signs or floor proximity egress path markings need a specific minimum level of light on the face of the sign or floor proximity egress path marking to ensure that the sign or floor proximity egress path marking is charged for emergency operation and legibility in both the normal and emergency modes. Additionally, the type of light source (for example, incandescent, fluorescent, halogen, metal halide) is important. Each light source produces different types of visible and invisible light (for example, UV) that might affect the ability of some photoluminescent signs or floor proximity egress path markings to charge and might also affect the amount of light output available during emergency mode. This type of sign or floor proximity egress path marking would not be suitable where the illumination levels are permitted to decline. The charging light source should not be connected to automatic timers, because the continuous illumination of the sign or floor proximity egress path marking is needed; otherwise, the sign or floor proximity egress path marking illumination would not be available because it would be discharged. NFPA * Photoluminescent Signs and Floor Proximity Egress Path Markings. The face of a photoluminescent sign or floor proximity egress path marking shall be continually illuminated while the building is occupied. The illumination levels on the face of the photoluminescent sign or floor proximity egress path marking shall be in accordance with its listing. The charging illumination shall be a reliable light source as determined by the authority having jurisdiction. The charging light source shall be of a type specified in the product markings. A Photoluminescent signs or floor proximity egress path markings Submitter : Deborah L. Freeland, Arthur J. Gallagher & Company Recommendation: Add a new section to read as indicated below, and renumber existing section as Cultural Resource Properties. Buildings and structures comprising of or containing cultural resource properties and that are undergoing alterations, additions and renovations shall comply with chapter 13 of NFPA 909, Code for the Protection of Cultural Resource Properties - Museums, Libraries and Places of Worship (2005 edition). Substantiation: This proposal was developed by those members of NFPAʼs Technical on Cultural Resources who were present at the September 22-24, 2003 meeting which took place in Washington, D.C. Those committee members present instructed the committee chair, Deborah Freeland, to submit this proposal to NFPA 5000 on their behalf. NFPA 909 contains requirements regarding fire precautions during alterations, additions and renovations for cultural resource properties and should be referenced by NFPA 1. The 2005 edition of NFPA 909 is currently under development and is proposed for adoption by NFPA in the Fall 2004 revision cycle. A new definition for the term Cultural Resource Property has also been developed by the TC on Cultural Resources and is being proposed for inclusion in NFPA 1 under a separate proposal. Meeting Action: Accept in Principle See Proposal (Log #CP19). Statement: The believes that the action on Proposal (Log #CP19) meets the submitterʼs intent. need a specific minimum level of light on the face of the sign or floor proximity egress path marking to ensure that the sign or floor proximity 1-42

43 The current term in NFPA 1 UFC only addresses fire department operations Log# 43 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept in Principle ( ) Recommendation: Add a new section to read: Log# 115 UFC-AAA (Chapter 18) Final Action: Reject A minimum of one approved 2A:20-B:C fire extinguisher shall be located on the roof in close proximity to the roofing operations while the roofing material is being applied. Substantiation: A fire extinguisher should be readily available to persons applying roofing materials. To expect someone to climb down a ladder to retrieve a fire extinguisher will delay the application on the fire extinguishment and allow a small fire to grow, possible to a point where a fire extinguisher would be ineffective. Meeting Action: Accept in Principle 1. Revise existing to read: Two approved 4A:40-B:C fire extinguishers shall be provided and maintained within 25 ft (7.6 m) of the operating kettle * A minimum of one approved 4A:40-B:C fire extinguisher shall be Submitter : Eddie Phillips, Southern Regional Fire Code Development Recommendation: Change the term Fire Department Access Road to Emergency Vehicle Access Road. Substantiation: The change in terminology better describes the true intent of the access road. Statement: The does not believe it should be changing the name or increasing the intended purpose of the access roads. The current term in NFPA 1 UFC only addresses fire department operations. provided and maintained on the roof and secured from rolling off in close proximity to the roofing operations, while the roofing material is being applied. A Appropriate means should be provided to prevent portable fire extinguishers from damage when roofing operations are being conducted. 2. Renumber existing as Statement: The ʼs action brings the requirements in line with those for high hazard in NFPA 10 and provides additional safeguards for fire extinguisher placement on roofs. Comment on Affirmative SHAPIRO: According to my notes, , as approved by the committee, required the extinguisher to be safely secured and the annex addressed rolling off. It appears that the text has been edited, appropriately, to delete the vague term safely and put the regulation for prevention of roll-off in the code, rather than in the annex. With this change, the annex text, as it now appears, is of no apparent value and should be deleted Log# 50 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept ( ) Recommendation: 1. Revise to read: Liquefied petroleum gas (LP-Gas) containers, hose, regulators, and burners shall conform to the requirements specifications in Chapter Delete Substantiation: Section 16.7 addresses tar kettles. The two sections identified are redundant and repeat the requirement already addressed in Section Meeting Action: Accept Log# 96 UFC-AAA Final Action: Reject (Chapter 18) Submitter : Robert Bourke, Northeastern Regional Fire Code Dev. Recommendation: Change the term Fire Department Access Road to Emergency Vehicle Access Road. Substantiation: The change in terminology better describes the true intent of the access road. Statement: The does not believe it should be changing the name or increasing the intended purpose of the access roads. The current term in NFPA 1 UFC only addresses fire department operations Log# 97 UFC-AAA Final Action: Reject (Chapter 18) Submitter : Jon Nisja, MN State Fire Marshalʼs Office Recommendation: Change the term Fire Department Access Road to Emergency Vehicle Access Road. Substantiation: The change in terminology better describes the true intent of the access road. Statement: The does not believe it should be changing the name or increasing the intended purpose of the access roads Log# 51 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept in Part ( (New) ) Recommendation: Add a new section to read: Plans Fire Apparatus Access. Plans for fire apparatus access roads shall be submitted to the fire department for review and approval prior to construction Fire Hydrant Systems. Plans and specifications for fire hydrant systems shall be submitted to the fire department for review and approval prior to construction Timing of Installation. When fire protection, including fire apparatus roads and water supplies for fire protection, is required to be installed, such protection shall be installed and made serviceable prior to and during construction. Substantiation: There is no provision within the NFPA 1 UFC, 2003 for civil plans submittal, prior approval of hydrant locations or the timing of hydrant installation. Meeting Action: Accept in Part Add the submitterʼs revised recommendation as a new to read: Plans Fire Apparatus Access. Plans for fire apparatus access roads shall be submitted to the fire department for review and approval prior to construction Fire Hydrant Systems. Plans and specifications for fire hydrant systems shall be submitted to the fire department for review and approval prior to construction. Statement: The is adding the first two parts of the recommendation, but believes that the subject of is already addressed in Log# 98 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept in Principle (18.2) Submitter : Jon Nisja, MN State Fire Marshalʼs Office Recommendation: Revise to read: Replace 18.2 with the following keep all existing annex material Fire Department Access Fire department access shall be provided and maintained in accordance with Section Fire Department Access Roads Required Access. Approved fire department access roads shall be provided for every facility, building, or portion of a building hereafter constructed or relocated Fire department access roads shall consist of roadways, fire lanes, parking lots lanes, or a combination thereof When there are not more than two one- and two-family dwellings or private garages, carports, sheds, and agricultural buildings, the requirements of 18.2 shall be permitted to be modified by the AHJ When fire department access roads cannot be installed due to location on property, topography, waterways, nonnegotiable grades, or other similar conditions, the AHJ shall be authorized to require additional fire protection Access to Building A fire department access road shall extend to within 50 ft (15 m) of at least one exterior door openable from the outside which provides access to the interior of the building.

44 Fire department access roads shall be provided such that any Fire department access roads that have been closed and obstructed portion of the facility or any portion of an exterior wall of the first story of in the manner prescribed by shall not be trespassed upon or used the building is located not more than 150 ft (46 m) from fire department unless authorized by the owner and the AHJ. access roads as measured by an approved route around the exterior of the When authorized by the AHJ or Public officers acting within their building or facility. scope of duty shall be permitted to access restricted property identified in When buildings are protected with an approved automatic fire sprinkler system that is installed in accordance with NFPA 13, NFPA 13D, or Locks, gates, doors, barricades, chains, enclosures, signs, tags, or NFPA 13R, the distance shall be permitted to be increased to 450 ft (137 m). seals that have been installed by the fire department or by its order or under Multiple Access Roads. More than one fire department access road its control shall not be removed, unlocked, destroyed, tampered with, or shall be provided when it is determined by the AHJ that access by a single otherwise vandalized in any manner. road could be impaired by vehicle congestion, condition of terrain, climatic Substantiation: The changes better clarifies some of the existing conditions, or other factors that could limit access. requirements for access roads. It also brings in some of the requirements from Specifications. NFPA 1141 to correlate the access road requirements between the documents Dimensions. Meeting Action: Accept in Principle Fire department access roads shall have an unobstructed width of Revise existing Section 18.2 to read as follows: not less than 20 ft (6.1 m) Fire Department Access Fire department access roads with two-way travel shall be a minimum of 24 ft (7.4 m) in width Fire department access and fire department access roads shall be Fire department access roads shall have an unobstructed vertical provided and maintained in accordance with Section clearance of not less than 13 ft 6 in. (4.1 m) * Access to Structures or Areas Vertical clearance shall be permitted to be reduced, provided such reduction does not impair access by fire apparatus, and approved signs Access Box(es). The AHJ shall have the authority to require an are installed and maintained indicating the established vertical clearance access box(es) to be installed in an accessible location where access to or when approved. within a structure or area is difficult because of security Vertical clearances or widths shall be increased when vertical clearances or widths are not adequate to accommodate fire apparatus Access to Gated Subdivisions or Developments. The AHJ shall Surface. Fire department access roads shall be designed and have the authority to require fire department access be provided to gated maintained to support the imposed loads of fire apparatus and shall be subdivisions or developments through the use of an approved device or provided with an all -weather driving surface. system Turning Radius The turning radius of a fire department access road shall be as Access Maintenance. The owner or occupant of a structure or area, approved by the AHJ. with required fire department access as specified in or , shall Turns in fire department access roads shall maintain the notify the AHJ when the access is modified in a manner that could prevent minimum road width. fire department access Dead Ends. Dead-end fire department access roads in excess of Fire Department Access Roads. ft (46 m) in length shall be provided with approved provisions for the turning around of fire apparatus Required Access Bridges When a bridge is required to be used as part of a fire department Approved fire department access roads shall be provided for every access road, it shall be constructed and maintained in accordance with facility, building, or portion of a building hereafter constructed or relocated. nationally recognized standards Fire department access roads shall consist of roadways, fire lanes, The bridge shall be designed for a live load sufficient to carry the parking lots lanes, or a combination thereof. imposed loads of fire apparatus Vehicle load limits shall be posted at both entrances to bridges * When not more than two one- and two-family dwellings where required by the AHJ. or private garages, carports, sheds, agricultural buildings, and detached Grade. buildings or structures 400 ft 2 (37 m 2 ) or less are, the requirements of The gradient for a fire department access road shall not exceed the through shall be permitted to be modified by the AHJ. maximum approved * The angle of approach and departure for any means of fire When fire department access roads cannot be installed due to department access road shall not exceed 1 ft drop in 20 ft (0.3 m drop in 6 m), location on property, topography, waterways, nonnegotiable grades, or other or the design limitations of the fire apparatus of the fire department and shall similar conditions, the AHJ shall be authorized to require additional fire be subject to approval by the AHJ. protection features Fire department access roads connecting to roadways shall be Access to Building. provided with curb cuts extending at least 2 ft (0.61 m) beyond each edge of the fire lane A fire department access road shall extend to within 50 ft ( Marking of Fire Apparatus Access Road. Where required by m) of at least one exterior door that can be opened from the outside and that the AHJ, approved signs or other approved notices shall be provided and provides access to the interior of the building. maintained for fire department access roads to identify such roads, or prohibit the obstruction thereof, or both Where a one- or two-family dwelling is protected with an * Obstruction and Control of Fire Department Access Road. approved automatic sprinkler system that is installed in accordance with General. NFPA 13D, the distance in shall be permitted to be increased to The required width of a fire department access road shall not be 150 ft (46 m). obstructed in any manner, including by the parking of vehicles Minimum required widths and clearances established under Fire department access roads shall be provided such that any shall be maintained at all times. portion of the facility or any portion of an exterior wall of the first story of * Facilities and structures shall be maintained in a manner that does the building is located not more than 150 ft (46 m) from fire department not impair or impede accessibility for fire department operations. access roads as measured by an approved route around the exterior of the A These obstructions include those obscuring or interfering with building or facility. fire department connections to sprinkler or standpipe systems or both When buildings are protected throughout with an approved Entrances to fire departments access roads that have been closed automatic sprinkler system that is installed in accordance with NFPA 13, with gates and barriers in accordance with shall not be obstructed NFPA 13D, or NFPA 13R, the distance in shall be permitted to be by parked vehicles. increased to 450 ft (137 m) Closure of Accessways The AHJ shall be authorized to require the installation and Multiple Access Roads. More than one fire department access road maintenance of gates or other approved barricades across fire department shall be provided when it is determined by the AHJ that access by a single access roads designated exclusively as a fire department access road. Where road could be impaired by vehicle congestion, condition of terrain, climatic required, gates and barricades shall be secured in an approved manner. conditions, or other factors that could limit access The clear opening provided through gates shall be 2 ft (0.61 m) wider than the traveled way Specifications All gates shall be located a minimum of 30 ft (9.2 m) from the Dimensions. public right-of-way and shall not open outward Fire department personnel shall have ready access to locking Fire department access roads shall have an unobstructed width mechanisms on any gate restricting access to fire department access roads. of not less than 20 ft (6.1 m). 1-44

45 Fire department access roads shall have an unobstructed vertical clearance of not less than 13 ft 6 in. (4.1 m) Vertical clearance shall be permitted to be reduced, provided such reduction does not impair access by fire apparatus, and approved signs are installed and maintained indicating the established vertical clearance when approved Vertical clearances or widths shall be increased when vertical clearances or widths are not adequate to accommodate fire apparatus Surface. Fire department access roads shall be designed and maintained to support the imposed loads of fire apparatus and shall be provided with an all-weather driving surface Turning Radius The turning radius of a fire department access road shall be as approved by the AHJ Turns in fire department access roads shall maintain the minimum road width Dead Ends. Dead-end fire department access roads in excess of 150 ft (46 m) in length shall be provided with approved provisions for the fire apparatus to turn around Bridges When a bridge is required to be used as part of a fire department access road, it shall be constructed and maintained in accordance with nationally recognized standards The bridge shall be designed for a live load sufficient to carry the imposed loads of fire apparatus Vehicle load limits shall be posted at both entrances to bridges where required by the AHJ Grade The gradient for a fire department access road shall not exceed the maximum approved * The angle of approach and departure for any means of fire department access road shall not exceed 1 ft drop in 20 ft (0.3 m drop in 6 m), or the design limitations of the fire apparatus of the fire department and shall be subject to approval by the AHJ Fire department access roads connecting to roadways shall be provided with curb cuts extending at least 2 ft (0.61 m) beyond each edge of the fire lane Traffic Calming Devices. The design and use of traffic calming devices shall be approved by the AHJ Marking of Fire Apparatus Access Road Where required by the AHJ, approved signs or other approved notices shall be provided and maintained to identify fire department access roads or to prohibit the obstruction thereof or both A marked fire apparatus access road shall also be known as a fire lane * Obstruction and Control of Fire Department Access Road General The required width of a fire department access road shall not be obstructed in any manner, including by the parking of vehicles Minimum required widths and clearances established under shall be maintained at all times * Facilities and structures shall be maintained in a manner that does not impair or impede accessibility for fire department operations Entrances to fire departments access roads that have been closed with gates and barriers in accordance with shall not be obstructed by parked vehicles Closure of Accessways The AHJ shall be authorized to require the installation and maintenance of gates or other approved barricades across roads, trails, or other access ways, not including public streets, alleys, or highways Where required, gates and barricades shall be secured in an approved manner Roads, trails, and other access ways that have been closed and obstructed in the manner prescribed by shall not be trespassed upon or used unless authorized by the owner and the AHJ Public officers acting within their scope of duty shall be permitted to access restricted property identified in Locks, gates, doors, barricades, chains, enclosures, signs, tags, or seals that have been installed by the fire department or by its order or under its control shall not be removed, unlocked, destroyed, tampered with, or otherwise vandalized in any manner When authorized by the AHJ, public officers acting within their scope of duty shall be permitted to obtain access through secured means identified in Renumber A as A Add a new A to read as follows: A The intent of this subsection is to not require fire department access roads to detached gazebos and ramadas, independent buildings associated with golf courses, parks, and similar uses such as restrooms or snack shops that are 400 ft 2 (37 m 2 ) or less in area, and detached equipment or storage buildings for commercial use that are 400 ft 2 (37 sq m 2 ) or less in area. 4. Renumber existing A as A Renumber existing A as A and revise to read as follows: A Fire department access roads should be kept clear of obstructions such as parked vehicles, fences and other barriers, dumpsters, and excess vegetation. However, it should be understood that a severe snowstorm can make these roads temporarily inaccessible. In many parts of the country, the annual snowfall is of such magnitude that alternative arrangements such as temporary roads over the snow accumulation could be necessary. 6. Add a new A to read as follows: A These obstructions include those obscuring or interfering with fire department connections to sprinkler systems or standpipe systems or both. Statement: The revisions further clarify the ʼs intent for fire department access. The believes that the changes should meet the submitterʼs intent. Ballot Results: Affirmative: 28 Negative: 1 Explanation of Negative: COLLINS: See my Explanation of Negative for (Log #150). Comment on Affirmative BUSH: While I am in agreement with the Final Action, I am not sure that Paragraph addresses the intent of the. As stated, the only exception for increased distances from fire department access roads would apply to one- and two-family dwellings protected with approved automatic sprinkler systems installed in accordance with NFPA 13D. There is no exception for buildings which have been provided with sprinkler protection in accordance with NFPA 13 or NFPA 13R. This is a major change from the wording in the existing Code text, which I do not believe was intended by the. This requirement should be revisited during the comment period in order to clearly state the intentions of the Technical. SHAPIRO: Incorporate the correction to per the supplemental ballot that recognizes a 450 ft access distance for buildings protected by NFPA 13, 13R or 13D sprinkler systems, which was approved by the committee (note that the supplemental ballot incorrectly referred to Section , which doesnʼt exist in the ROP text) Log# 3 UFC-AAA Final Action: Reject (18.2 [3.5.2]) Submitter : Lynnae White, Grandville Fire Department Recommendation: Revise text to read as follows: 18.2 [3.5.2] Fire lanes shall be not less than ft ( 6 m ) of unobstructed width, able to withstand live loads of fire apparatus, and have a minimum of 13 ft 6 in. (4.1 m) of vertical clearance. An approved turnaround for fire apparatus shall be provided where an access road is a dead end and is in excess of 150 ft (46 m) in length. The turnaround shall have a minimum centerline radius of 50 ft (15 m). The grade, surface, and location of the fire lane shall be approved by the authority having jurisdiction. Exception No. 1: T or Y turnaround arrangements shall be permitted. Exception No. 2: When acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction, turnaround arrangements other than a cul-de-sac shall be permitted to be used. Substantiation: Experience has shown that a 20-ft ( m) wide fire lane is not adequate and the 20-ft (m) prescriptive requirement needs to be increased to a minimum 24-ft (m) in width. When a large piece of fire equipment is set up in a fire lane (i.e., Aerial/Ladder Truck) with its stabilization jacks extended and/

46 or large diameter hose connected it is difficult to get another piece of fire equipment past in the 20-ft (m) wide lane safely. Without the prescriptive requirement in the code it is difficult to increase any minimum requirement. Statement: The believes that 24 ft (7.3 m) is excessive for a fire department access road. See Action on proposal (Log#98). Note that proposed allows increasing the width when it is not adequate Log# 107 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept in Principle ( ) Submitter : Eddie Phillips, Southern Regional Fire Code Development Recommendation: Revise to read: When there are not more than two one- and two-family dwellings or private garages, carports, sheds, and agricultural buildings on a single access, the requirements of and shall be permitted to be modified by the AHJ. Substantiation: The current language in is confusing. By referring to , it can be construed that the intent was to exempt all of It is unclear if this was the original intent or just to exempt The proposed revision will allow the AHJ flexibility with respect to all of section Meeting Action: Accept in Principle See Action on Proposal (Log #98). Statement: The committee believes the requirement shown as in the Action on proposal (Log #98) allows the AHJ to modify the requirements when needed due to local conditions Log# 13 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept in Principle in Part ( (New) ) Submitter : Anthony C. Apfelbeck, City of Altamonte Springs Fire Department Recommendation: Add a new section as follows: When a building is protected with an approved automatic fire sprinkler system that is installed in accordance with NFPA 13, NFPA 13D, or NFPA 13R, the distance shall be permitted to be increased to 150 ft. Substantiation: The 50 ft requirement in is overly restrictive when applied to sprinklered properties. The history of sprinkler systems clearly shows that they are effective in significantly reducing fire and life loss. Therefore, access constraints should be permitted to be modified if the increased protection of a fire sprinkler system is required. Section currently permits 3X the access distance in This factor of 3 is applied to the 50 ft in to create the 150 ft allowance in Meeting Action: Accept in Principle in Part Add a new requirement to read: Where a one- or two-family dwelling is protected with an approved automatic sprinkler system that is installed in accordance with NFPA 13D, the distance shall be permitted to be increased to 150 ft (46 m). Statement: This requirement will appear as in the revision shown in Action on proposal (Log #98). The believes that if a one or two family dwelling is protected with an automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with NFPA 13D, the distance from a fire department access road can be increased to 150 ft (46 m). Ballot Results: Affirmative: 28 Negative: 1 Explanation of Negative: KOFFEL: Increasing the distance to 150 ft. for buildings protected with an automatic sprinkler system is not consistent with the original intent of this requirement. The original intent was to provide emergency responding personnel reasonable access to at least one exterior opening to a building. Considerable discussion in determining the 50 ft. requirement was based upon EMS personnel Log# 52 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept in Principle ( (New) ) Recommendation: Add a new section to read: Access to Building A fire department access road shall extend to within 50 ft (15 m) of a single exterior door providing access to the interior of the building The following structures are not required to meet the requirements of : (1) Detached gazebos and ramadas for residential and public use. (2) Independent buildings such as restrooms or snack shops 400 square feet or less that are associated with golf courses, parks and similar uses (3) Detached equipment or storage buildings for commercial use not exceeding 400 square feet. Substantiation: The 50 ft provision of may be too restrictive to ancillary structures that pose no exposure danger to other structures. Smaller structures in remote areas should not be made to meet the 50 ft access provision. Meeting Action: Accept in Principle See Action on Proposal (Log #98), specifically and A Statement: The believes that their proposed revision meets the submitterʼs intent by adding the wording into The additional text proposed has been added as an annex note to provide guidance to the user. Comment on Affirmative SHAPIRO: Per the ballot version of Proposal (Log #98), the correct section references in the committee action and the committee statement should be and A Log# 14 UFC-AAA Final Action: Reject ( ) Submitter : William E. Koffel, Koffel Assoc., Inc. Recommendation: Delete Section and replace with the following language: Additional Requirements Fire department access roads shall be provided such that any portion of the facility or any portion of an exterior wall of the first story above grade of the building is located not more than 150 ft (46 m) from fire department access roads as measured by an approved route around the exterior of the building Where buildings are protected with an approved electrically supervised automatic fire sprinkler system, installed in accordance with NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems; or NFPA 13R, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems in Residential Occupancies up to and Including Four Stories in Height, the distance shall be permitted to be increased to 450 ft (137 m) Where building are protected with an approved automatic fire sprinkler system, installed in accordance with NFPA 13D, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler System sin One- and Two-Family Dwellings and Manufactured Homes, the distance shall be permitted to be increased to 450 ft (137 m). Substantiation: This proposal was developed by the Height and Area Task Group to ensure that sprinkler systems are consistently required to be electrically supervised between NFPA 5000 and NFPA 1 UFC. It was determined by the Task Group that NFPA 13D systems did not need to be electrically supervised because the water supply is inherently supervised. Statement: The intent of the is that the systems be supervised by any of the methods permitted in NFPA 13, but not electrically supervised to take the credit for the increased distance. Ballot Results: Affirmative: 28 Negative: 1 Explanation of Negative: KOFFEL: Most modifications in the building and fire code require that automatic sprinkler system to be electrically supervised. This is one of the few exceptions to that requirement and has provided no technical basis for rejecting the Proposal. Electrical supervision, as defined in NFPA 5000, includes an automatic alarm transmission to the fire department as well as valve supervision. The ʼs response does not address this performance feature Log# 150 UFC-AAA Final Action: Reject ( ) Submitter : Anthony C. Apfelbeck, City of Altamonte Springs Fire Department Recommendation: Revise text to read as follows: When buildings are protected with an approved automatic fire sprinkler system that is installed in accordance with NFPA 13, NFPA 13D or NFPA 13R, the distance shall be permitted to be increased to 450 ft (137 m) When buildings are protected with an approved automatic fire sprinkler system that is installed in accordance with NFPA 13D or NFPA 13R, the distance shall be permitted to be increased to 300 ft. Substantiation: The 450 ft exception is allowed regardless of the type of fire sprinkler system provided. Protection in accordance with 13D and 13R is not complete protection. A middle ground between complete protection at 450 ft and no protection at 150 ft is 300 ft for partial protection. Statement: The believes that the existing code text is adequate as written. The believes that the values are reasonable

47 incentives to offer to support the installation of NFPA 13D and NFPA 13R sprinkler systems for protecting residential occupancies. See action on proposal (Log#98), particularly, paragraph Ballot Results: Affirmative: 28 Negative: 1 Explanation of Negative: COLLINS: I agree with the original substantiation of the submitter and feel the 450 ft distance should be reduced to 300 ft for buildings protected with fire sprinkler systems in accordance with NFPA 13D and NFPA 13R. Comment on Affirmative BUSH: The reference to in the last sentence of the Statement is incorrect. This reference should be changed to Log# 9 UFC-AAA Final Action: Reject ( ) Submitter : John E. Bunting, New Boston, NH Fire Department Recommendation: Revise text to read as follows: Fire department access roads shall have a minimum clearance of 12 ft (3.7 m) for each lane of travel, excluding shoulders and parking. Provisions shall be made for factors that could impinge on the minimum width, for example drainage, snow removal, parking and utilities. Substantiation: This is from NFPA Trucks are approximately 9 ft 6 in. wide from mirror to mirror. With two water carriers meeting, a 20 ft wide roadway does not provide safe clearance, especially during winter or when the shoulders are soft. Statement: NFPA 1141 applies to planned building groups in suburban and rural areas that the AHJ determines would be impacted by one or more of the following during a fire: limited water supply, limited fire department resources, extended fire department response time, delayed alarms, limited access, hazardous vegetation, unusual terrain, or unusual characteristics. That standard brings in extenuating circumstances that are not common to this Code Log# 11 UFC-AAA Final Action: Reject ( ) Submitter : John E. Bunting, New Boston, NH Fire Department Recommendation: Delete existing section. Substantiation: The maximum legal height of vehicles is 13 ft 6 in. Although a local fire department may not own a vehicle of that height when a building or road is constructed, a mutual aid department may, or the local fire department may purchase such a vehicle in the future. Statement: The AHJ needs to take into account mutual aid apparatus in allowing the reduction. The AHJ has the ability to not allow the reduction in height for any reason Log# 10 UFC-AAA Final Action: Reject ( ) Submitter : John E. Bunting, New Boston, NH Fire Department Recommendation: Delete this section. Substantiation: If proposals made by this submitter pertaining to the previous two sections are accepted, this section is no longer needed. Statement: The AHJ always has the ability to increase the width. Deleting this section would not help the AHJ Log# 8 UFC-AAA Final Action: Reject ( Exception (New) ) Submitter : John E. Bunting, New Boston, NH Fire Department Recommendation: Add a new Exception as follows: Grades shall not be more than 10 percent. Exception: Steeper grades shall be permitted by the AHJ where mitigation measures can be agreed upon jointly by the fire and road engineering departments. Substantiation: This is from NFPA It provides more guidance than the existing text in NFPA 1. Statement: The AHJ has the flexibility to determine the grade permitted in the community. The scope of NFPA 1141 deals with specific very limited circumstances Log# 108 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept in Principle ( ) Submitter : Eddie Phillips, Southern Regional Fire Code Development Recommendation: Revise to read: Marking of Fire Apparatus Access Roads. Where required by the AHJ, approved signs or other approved notices shall be provided and maintained for fire department access roads to identify such roads, or prohibit the obstruction thereof, or both. A marked fire apparatus access road shall also be known as a fire lane. Add a new definition to read: Fire Lane. A fire department access road which is marked and prohibits obstructions in accordance with section Substantiation: The term Fire Lane has been commonly utilized terminology utilized throughout the fire service, development community and the public for many years. The term Fire Apparatus Access Road is a new term which has the potential to create confusion with the traditional term of Fire Lane. This language will relate the two terms in an appropriate manner. Meeting Action: Accept in Principle See Action on Proposal (Log #98), specifically See also Action on Proposal (Log #101) which add a definition of fire lane. Statement: The agrees with the submitterʼs recommendations and has incorporated them into the actions taken on Proposal (Log #98) and Proposal (Log #101) Log# 144 UFC-AAA Final Action: Reject (18.3) Submitter : Bill Murphy, Santa Fe Springs Fire Department Recommendation: Section 18.3, Water Supplies and Fire Hydrants should refer to Annex H and Annex L in addition to NFPA 25. Substantiation: The reference would provide clear direction for requirements within the same document. Statement: The NFPA MOS does not allow annexes to be referenced in the body of the Code. These annexes are adoptable by the AHJ if they choose to use them and can then be enforced Log# 53 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept in Principle ( (New) ) Recommendation: Add a new section to read: Fire Hydrants subject to possible vehicular damage shall be protected in accordance with Section Substantiation: A code provision is needed to protect hydrants subject to vehicular damage. Meeting Action: Accept in Principle Add a new to read: Where required by the AHJ, fire hydrants subject to vehicular damage shall be protected. Statement: The believes that their proposed revision should meet the submitterʼs intent Log# 54 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept in Principle ( , A ) Recommendation: Revise to read and add an annex note: * Nonmetallic rubbish containers exceeding a capacity of 5 1/3 ft 3 [40 gal (0.15 m 3 )] shall be manufactured of materials having a peak rate of heat release not exceeding 300 kw/m 2 at a flux of 50 kw/m 2 when tested in accordance with nationally recognized standards. ASTM E 1365 or NFPA 271. A Nonmetallic or plastic rubbish containers should be limited in their combustibility and should be tested to the recognized standard of ASTM E 1365 or NFPA 271 referred to as the Cone or Oxygen Consumption Calorimeter. This test is intended to give detailed information as to how materials will perform under actual fire conditions. The 300KW/m 2 or

48 maximum heat release rate is the maximum a container may release. Douglas accessible points, such a fire watch or patrol detail should be able to prevent Fir has a constant of 300KW/m 2 where polyethylene has a peak heat release small fires from reaching serious proportions. rate of 1268KW/m 2. Nonmetallic containers such as Polyethylene can Substantiation: The term fire watch is consistent with many other NFPA represent more fuel than their contents (High Density Polyethylene codes and standards. The term fire watch better describes the detailʼs duties. 19,994BTU Lb. Vs, Newsprint at 8,000). A detailed review of listings or Meeting Action: Accept in Principle approvals is advised prior to acceptance. 1. Add the submitterʼs proposed recommendation as and A Substantiation: This language was developed in Oregon to limit the to read: combustibility of larger combustible waste containers and the intent was not * Fire Watch. A fire watch, if deemed necessary in any assembly clear. The fuel loads of some plastic containers such as polyethylene may be occupancy, shall be determined by the AHJ. [102:9.5] as high as 19,994 BTU per pound (gasoline 20,262 BTU) plus the contents say A Patrols or Fire Watch. Because of the variety of types of places 8000 BTU per pound. Unnecessary additional fuel is the last of assembly covered in this Code, no general requirement for patrols or fire thing we should be adding when the container can represent more fuel than its watchers has been included. The fully recognizes the importance contents. of this feature of fire protection, however, and believes that a system of welltrained patrols or fire watchers should be maintained in every place of Meeting Action: Accept in Principle Revise existing * and its supporting Annex material to read: assembly where fire hazards might develop. Such locations would include, * Nonmetallic rubbish containers exceeding a capacity of 51/3 ft 3 among others, the spaces underneath grandstands and the areas inside and [40 gal (0.15 m 3 )] shall be manufactured of materials having a peak rate of outside tents and air-supported structures. The fire watchers serve to detect heat release not exceeding 300 kw/m 2 at a flux of 50 kw/m 2 when tested in incipient fires and to prevent an accumulation of materials that will carry fire. accordance with ASTM E1354, Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke The number of such watchers required will, of course, vary for the different Release Rates for Materials and Products Using an Oxygen Consumption types of assembly occupancies, depending upon the combustibility of the Calorimeter or NFPA 271. construction and the number of persons accommodated. Provided with an A Nonmetallic or plastic rubbish containers should be limited in adequate supply of portable fire extinguishing equipment located at readily their combustibility and should be tested to the recognized standard of ASTM accessible points, such a fire watch or patrol should be able to prevent small E1354 or NFPA 271 referred to as the Cone or Oxygen Consumption fires from reaching serious proportions. Calorimeter. This test is intended to give detailed information as to how 2. Renumber existing through as through materials will perform under actual fire conditions. The 300 KW/m 2 or Statement: The made editorial revisions to the maximum heat release rate is the maximum a container may release. Douglas proposed wording to recognize that NFPA 1UFC is a Code not a standard, Fir has a constant of 300KW/m 2 where polyethylene has a peak heat release and assigned an actual location where the text is being inserted. rate of 1268 KW/m 2. Nonmetallic containers such as polyethylene can represent more fuel than their contents (high density polyethylene 19,994 BTU lb vs. Newsprint at 8,000). A detailed review of listings or approvals is advised prior to acceptance. Statement: The revision corrects the ASTM reference test standard from ASTM E1365 to E1354 and added the title of the standard Log# 109 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept in Principle (Chapter 20) Submitter : Eddie Phillips, Southern Regional Fire Code Development Recommendation: Extract the Multiple Occupancy requirements from NFPA 101 section into NFPA 1 Chapter 20. Substantiation: Usability and accessibility to referenced information within one document. Meeting Action: Accept in Principle See Proposal 1-58 (Log #CP4). Statement: Proposal 1-58 (Log #CP4) extracts Section 6.1 from NFPA 101 into a new Chapter 6 to provide the user of the Code with access to all of the information regarding occupancy classifications Log# 2 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept in Principle (20.1.x, A.20.1.x [9.5, A.9.5]) This proposal was originally received on NFPA The text addressed by the submitter might be different than that currently shown in NFPA Submitter : Western Regional Fire Code Dev., Western Regional Fire Code Development Recommendation: Revise to read: 20.1.x [9.5*] Fire Watch Detail. Fire Details. A fire watch, if deemed necessary in any assembly occupancy, shall be determined by the authority having jurisdiction. A.20.1.x [A.9.5] Patrols or Fire Watch Details. Because of the variety of types of places of assembly covered in this standard, no general requirement for patrols or fire watchers has been included. The committee fully recognizes the importance of this feature of fire protection, however, and believes that a system of well-trained patrols or fire watchers should be maintained in every place of assembly where fire hazards might develop. Such locations would include, among others, the spaces underneath grandstands and the areas inside and outside tents and air-supported structures. The fire watchers serve to detect incipient fires and to prevent an accumulation of materials that will carry fire. The number of such watchers required will, of course, vary for the different types of assembly occupancies, depending upon the combustibility of the construction and the number of persons accommodated. Provided with an adequate supply of portable fire extinguishing equipment located at readily Log# 88 UFC-AAA Final Action: Reject ( ) Submitter : Scott W. Adams, Park City Fire Service District / Rep. UFCA/ WFCA Recommendation: Add new text to read as follows: NFPA 1 UFC Floor proximity egress path marking shall be provided in accordance with and of NFPA 101. NFPA Floor proximity egress path marking complying with Section and of NFPA 101 shall be provided in interior exit corridors of new assembly occupancies. Substantiation: NFPA 1 UFC Section and NFPA 101 Section 7.10 require that the means of egress shall be marked by readily visible exit signs. This is typically accomplished with the use of internally illuminated exit signs located at a vertical distance of not more than 80 inches above the top edge of the egress opening. In essence, they are ceiling proximity exit signs as opposed to floor proximity exit signs. NFPA 1 UFC Section and NFPA 101 Section require internally illuminated exit signs be listed in accordance with UL 924, Standard for Emergency Lighting and Power Equipment. On October 24, 2003, Underwriters Laboratories announced that it is clarifying the scope of UL 924 with the following new language: 1.9 These requirements cover the performance of emergency lighting equipment (signs and luminaires) in clear air conditions only. These requirements also do not attempt to compensate for human visual deficiencies such as near- or far-sightedness, color- or night-blindness, or astigmatism. Applications that require visibility through smoke or wayfinding assistance to those with visual impairments are beyond the scope of this standard. [Emphasis added] Smoke from a fire typically stacks from the ceiling downward. What this means is that internally illuminated exit signs listed to UL 924 located near the ceiling were never tested for visibility through smoke or intended to be visible in a fire. Occupancies with only ceiling proximity exit signs essentially have no marking of the means of egress that is tested and listed for use in fires. Floor proximity exit signs and egress path marking, however, are intended for use in fire by locating them within eighteen (18) inches above the floor. Floor proximity egress path marking provides continuous delineation of the egress system and terminates at the exit door which is marked with a floor proximity exit sign. This will greatly improve timely occupant evacuation and provide firefighters with vital information on the egress system for rescue and firefighting operations. NFPA 101, Section A , states The character of the occupancy has a practical effect on the need for signs. In any assembly occupancy, hotel, department store, or other building subject to transient occupancy, the need for signs will be greater than in a building subject to permanent or semipermanent occupancy by the same people. Statement: The technical provisions contained in this proposal are within the scope of the NFPA 101. The believes that the implementation of this recommendation would affect buildings with

49 multiple occupancies involving assembly occupancies. The reference to assembly occupancies is too broad. The need for floor proximity egress marking has not been substantiated. Further, the is not permitted to change extracted text from another NFPA code or standard under the NFPA Extract Policy. This proposal will be forwarded to the appropriate technical committee for action Log# 78 UFC-AAA Final Action: Reject (20.1.4, , (New) ) Submitter : Scott W. Adams, Park City Fire Service District / Rep. UFC/ WFCA Recommendation: Add new text to read as follows: , , and In areas serving employees only, the minimum aisle width shall be 610 mm (24 inches) but not less than the width required by the number of employees served. Substantiation: NFPA 1 serves as a guide to field inspectors. Field inspectors do not have access to all the standards during their course of work. This language should be added for quick field reference. Statement: The technical provisions contained in this proposal are within the scope of the NFPA 101. The issue of reduced clearances for limited work areas is already addressed in NFPA 101, Chapter 7 and is extracted into NFPA 1 UFC as The is not permitted to change extracted text from another NFPA code or standard under the NFPA Extract Policy. This proposal will be forwarded to the appropriate technical committee for action Log# 79 UFC-AAA Final Action: Reject (20.1.4, , (New) ) Submitter : Scott W. Adams, Park City Fire Service District / Rep. UFC/ WFCA Recommendation: Add new text to read as follows: , , and In public areas of Assembly, Mercantile, and Storage Occupancies, the minimum clear aisle width shall be 914 mm (36 inches) where seats tables, counter, furnishings, displays and similar fixtures or equipment are place on one side of the aisle only and 1118 mm (44 inches) when such fixtures or equipment are place on both sides of the aisle. Substantiation: NFPA 1 serves as a field guide to inspectors. Field inspectors do not have access to all the standards when doing and inspection. Providing language to assist with the inspection is appropriate. This language was found in the 2000 edition of the Uniform Fire Code. Statement: The technical provisions contained in this proposal are within the scope of the NFPA 101. The issue is addressed in NFPA 101 and accessed through of NFPA 1 UFC. The proposed language would conflict with provisions in NFPA 101 and NFPA Further, the is not permitted to change extracted text from another NFPA code or standard under the NFPA Extract Policy. This proposal will be forwarded to the appropriate technical committee for action Log# 163 UFC-AAA Final Action: Reject ( , A ) Submitter : Marcelo M. Hirschler, GBH International / Rep. Fire Retardant Chemicals Association Recommendation: Revise text to read as follows: * Where required by the applicable provisions of this Code, draperies, curtains, and other similar loosely hanging furnishings and decorations shall meet the flame propagation performance criteria contained in be flame resistant as demonstrated by testing in accordance with NFPA 701, Standard Methods of Fire Tests for Flame Propagation of Textiles and Films. A Testing per NFPA 701, Standard Methods of Fire Tests for Flame Propagation of Textiles and Films, applies to textiles and films used in a hanging configuration. If the textiles and films are to be applied to surfaces of buildings or backing materials as interior finishes for use in buildings, they should be treated as interior wall and ceiling finishes in accordance with Section 10.2 of NFPA 101, and they should then be tested for flame spread rating index and smoke development developed index values in accordance with NFPA 255, Standard Method of Test of Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials (with the appropriate use of sprinklers), or for flame spread and flashover in accordance with NFPA 265, Standard Methods of Fire Tests for Evaluating Room Fire Growth Contribution of Textile Coverings on Full Height Panels and Walls. Films and other materials used as interior finish applied to surfaces of buildings should be tested for flame spread index and 1-49 smoke developed index values in accordance with NFPA 255 or for heat and smoke release and flashover in accordance with NFPA 286, Standard Methods of Fire Tests for Evaluating Contribution of Wall and Ceiling Interior Finish to Room Fire Growth. Substantiation: This proposal addresses four issues: 1. Terminology: the correct terminology is flame spread index rather than flame spread classification. 2. Also, the correct terminology for NFPA 701 is that a textile meets the flame propagation performance criteria contained in NFPA 701 rather than flame retardant. 3. Also, textile wall covering need to be tested n NFPA 255 and be in a sprinklered environment, per NFPA Finally, NFPA 265 is not applicable to films or any material other than textiles; NFPA 286 must be used for such materials. Statement: The technical provisions contained in this proposal are within the scope of the NFPA 101. The existing text is extracted from NFPA 101. The is not permitted to change extracted text from another NFPA code or standard under the NFPA Extract Policy. This proposal will be forwarded to the appropriate technical committee for action Log# 164 UFC-AAA Final Action: Reject ( , A ) Submitter : Marcelo M. Hirschler, GBH International / Rep. Fire Retardant Chemicals Association Recommendation: Revise text to read as follows: * Where required by the applicable provisions of this Code, draperies, curtains, and other similar loosely hanging furnishings and decorations shall meet the flame propagation performance criteria contained in be flame resistant as demonstrated by testing in accordance with NFPA 701, Standard Methods of Fire Tests for Flame Propagation of Textiles and Films. A Testing per NFPA 701, Standard Methods of Fire Tests for Flame Propagation of Textiles and Films, applies to textiles and films used in a hanging configuration. If the textiles and films are to be applied to surfaces of buildings or backing materials as interior finishes for use in buildings, they should be treated as interior wall and ceiling finishes in accordance with Section 10.2 of NFPA 101, and they should then be tested for flame spread rating index and smoke development developed index values in accordance with NFPA 255, Standard Method of Test of Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials (with the appropriate use of sprinklers), or for flame spread and flashover in accordance with NFPA 265, Standard Methods of Fire Tests for Evaluating Room Fire Growth Contribution of Textile Coverings on Full Height Panels and Walls. Films and other materials used as interior finish applied to surfaces of buildings should be tested for flame spread index and smoke developed index values in accordance with NFPA 255 or for heat and smoke release and flashover in accordance with NFPA 286, Standard Methods of Fire Tests for Evaluating Contribution of Wall and Ceiling Interior Finish to Room Fire Growth. Substantiation: This proposal addresses four issues: 1. Terminology: the correct terminology is flame spread index rather than flame spread classification. 2. Also, the correct terminology for NFPA 701 is that a textile meets the flame propagation performance criteria contained in NFPA 701 rather than flame retardant. 3. Also, textile wall covering need to be tested n NFPA 255 and be in a sprinklered environment, per NFPA Finally, NFPA 265 is not applicable to films or any material other than textiles; NFPA 286 must be used for such materials. Statement: The technical provisions contained in this proposal are within the scope of the NFPA 101. The existing text is extracted from NFPA 101. The is not permitted to change extracted text from another NFPA code or standard under the NFPA Extract Policy. This proposal will be forwarded to the appropriate technical committee for action Log# 1 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept in Principle (20.4.1) Submitter : Craig H. Kampmier Swansea, MA Recommendation: Add as a reference: NFPA 99, Standard for Health Care Facilities. ʼ Substantiation: NFPA 99, Standard for Health Care Facilities, provides criteria to minimize the hazards of fire, explosion, and electricity in health care facilities providing services to human beings. The 2003 edition of NFPA 1, Fire Prevention Code, references NFPA 99 for ventilation systems in hospital laboratories. The NFPA 101, Life Safety Code, references NFPA 99 for hospital electrical systems, and for hyperbaric facilities.

50 NFPA 99 contains requirements for: 1. Electrical systems 2. Gas and vacuum systems 3. Environmental systems 4. Materials 5. Electrical equipment 6. Gas equipment (anesthesia, other medical gases, and apparatus not part of the piped systems addressed in number 2 above) Statement: The technical provisions contained in this proposal are within the scope of the NFPA 101. The existing text is extracted from NFPA 101. The is not permitted to change extracted text from another NFPA code or standard under the NFPA Extract Policy. This proposal will be forwarded to the appropriate technical committee for action. 7. Manufacturer requirements (for electrical equipment addressed in number 5 above) 8. Hospital laboratories 9. Emergency management Log# 145 UFC-AAA ( ) Final Action: Reject 10. Hyperbaric facilities 11. Items 1 through 9 above specify requirements; the following occupancy chapters state which requirements are applicable to the occupancy (i.e., the type of electrical system of level of medical gas system), capturing dental and physician offices, clinics, surgicenters, and ambulatory health centers in addition to hospitals and nursing homes. a. Hospitals b. Other health care facilities c. Nursing homes d. Limited care facilities e. Electrical and gas equipment for home care f. Freestanding birthing centers Referencing NFPA 99 will provide authorities having jurisdiction (AHJ) with Submitter : Bill Murphy, Santa Fe Springs Fire Department Recommendation: The heading for Section is Furnishings, Bedding, and Decorations, yet criteria for Decorations are not present. Delete Decorations or provide requirements for Decorations. Substantiation: The lack of criteria for decorations creates unnecessary confusion applying this code section. Statement: Section does reference loosely hanging furnishings and decorations. The believes that the section title is consistent with other sections of the Code. recognized criteria, not currently referenced, to protect the public in all health care facilities. Meeting Action: Accept in Principle Revise existing to read: Application. New and existing health care occupancies shall comply with Section 20.4 and the referenced edition of NFPA 101 and NFPA 99. Statement: The agreed with the submitterʼs recommendation, but was more specific as to the location of the reference standard. Ballot Results: Affirmative: 28 Negative: 1 Explanation of Negative: ERICKSON: The manner in which this new section has been written implies to the reader that all of NFPA 99 is required to be applied to both new and existing health care facilities. This is not correct as a very limited portion of NFPA 99 retroactively applies to existing structures and systems. The over zealous application of NFPA 99 by AHJs has been a problem in the past and this new section would exacerbate the problem Log# 165 UFC-AAA Final Action: Reject ( , A ) Submitter : Marcelo M. Hirschler, GBH International / Rep. Fire Retardant Chemicals Association Recommendation: Revise text to read as follows: * Where required by the applicable provisions of this Code, draperies, curtains, and other similar loosely hanging furnishings and decorations shall meet the flame propagation performance criteria contained in be flame resistant as demonstrated by testing in accordance with NFPA 701, Standard Methods of Fire Tests for Flame Propagation of Textiles and Films. A Testing per NFPA 701, Standard Methods of Fire Tests for Flame Propagation of Textiles and Films, applies to textiles and films used in a hanging configuration. If the textiles and films are to be applied to surfaces of buildings or backing materials as interior finishes for use in buildings, they should be treated as interior wall and ceiling finishes in accordance with Section 10.2 of NFPA 101, and they should then be tested for flame spread rating index and smoke development developed index values in accordance with NFPA 255, Standard Method of Test of Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials (with the appropriate use of sprinklers), or for flame spread and flashover in accordance with NFPA 265, Standard Methods of Fire Tests for Evaluating Room Fire Growth Contribution of Textile Coverings on Full Height Panels and Walls. Films and other materials used as interior finish applied to surfaces of buildings should be tested for flame spread index and smoke developed index values in accordance with NFPA 255 or for heat and smoke release and flashover in accordance with NFPA 286, Standard Methods of Fire Tests for Evaluating Contribution of Wall and Ceiling Interior Finish to Room Fire Growth. Substantiation: This proposal addresses four issues: 1. Terminology: the correct terminology is flame spread index rather than flame spread classification. 2. Also, the correct terminology for NFPA 701 is that a textile meets the flame propagation performance criteria contained in NFPA 701 rather than flame retardant. 3. Also, textile wall covering need to be tested n NFPA 255 and be in a sprinklered environment, per NFPA Finally, NFPA 265 is not applicable to films or any material other than textiles; NFPA 286 must be used for such materials Log# 86 UFC-AAA Final Action: Reject ( (New) ) Submitter : Scott W. Adams, Park City Fire Service District / Rep. UFCA/ WFCA Recommendation: Add new text to read as follows: NFPA 1 UFC Floor proximity egress path marking shall be provided in accordance with and of NFPA 101. NFPA Floor proximity egress path marking complying with Section and of NFPA 101 shall be provided in interior exit corridors of new hotel and dormitory occupancies. Substantiation: NFPA 1 UFC Section and NFPA 101 Section 7.10 require that the means of egress shall be marked by readily visible exit signs. This is typically accomplished with the use of internally illuminated exit signs located at a vertical distance of not more than 80 inches above the top edge of the egress opening. In essence, they are ceiling proximity exit signs as opposed to floor proximity exit signs. NFPA 1 UFC Section and NFPA 101 Section require internally illuminated exit signs be listed in accordance with UL 924, Standard for Emergency Lighting and Power Equipment. On October 24, 2003, Underwriters Laboratories announced that it is clarifying the scope of UL 924 with the following new language: 1.9 These requirements cover the performance of emergency lighting equipment (signs and luminaires) in clear air conditions only. These requirements also do not attempt to compensate for human visual deficiencies such as near- or far-sightedness, color- or night-blindness, or astigmatism. Applications that require visibility through smoke or wayfinding assistance to those with visual impairments are beyond the scope of this standard. [Emphasis added] Smoke from a fire typically stacks from the ceiling downward. What this means is that internally illuminated exit signs listed to UL 924 located near the ceiling were never tested for visibility through smoke or intended to be visible in a fire. Occupancies with only ceiling proximity exit signs essentially have no marking of the means of egress that is tested and listed for use in fires. Floor proximity exit signs and egress path marking, however, are intended for use in fire by locating them within eighteen (18) inches above the floor. Floor proximity egress path marking provides continuous delineation of the egress system and terminates at the exit door which is marked with a floor proximity exit sign. This will greatly improve timely occupant evacuation and provide firefighters with vital information on the egress system for rescue and firefighting operations. NFPA 1 UFC & NFPA 101, Section A , states The character of the occupancy has a practical effect on the need for signs. In any assembly occupancy, hotel, department store, or other building subject to transient occupancy, the need for signs will be greater than in a building subject to permanent or semipermanent occupancy by the same people. Statement: The need for floor proximity egress marking has not been substantiated. This subject is within the scope of NFPA 101. The is not permitted to change extracted text from another NFPA code or standard under the NFPA Extract Policy. This proposal will be forwarded to the appropriate technical committee for action.

51 1-143 Log# 85 UFC-AAA Final Action: Reject ( (New) ) Submitter : Scott W. Adams, Park City Fire Service District / Rep. UFCA/ WFCA Recommendation: Add new text to read as follows: NFPA 1 UFC Floor proximity egress path marking shall be provided in Class A mercantile occupancies in accordance with and of NFPA 101. NFPA Floor proximity egress path marking complying with Section and of NFPA 101 shall be provided in Class A mercantile occupancies. Substantiation: NFPA 1 UFC Section and NFPA 101 Section 7.10 require that the means of egress shall be marked by readily visible exit signs. This is typically accomplished with the use of internally illuminated exit signs located at a vertical distance of not more than 80 inches above the top edge of the egress opening. In essence, they are ceiling proximity exit signs as opposed to floor proximity exit signs. NFPA 1 UFC Section and NFPA 101 Section require internally illuminated exit signs be listed in accordance with UL 924, Standard for Emergency Lighting and Power Equipment. Statement: The need for floor proximity egress marking has not been substantiated. This subject is within the scope of NFPA 101. Further, the is not permitted to change extracted text from another NFPA code or standard under the NFPA Extract Policy. This proposal will be forwarded to the appropriate technical committee for action Log# CP24 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept (20.15) Submitter : Technical on Uniform Fire Code Recommendation: Revise existing Section to read: Storage Occupancies Application. New and existing storage occupancies shall comply with NFPA 101, Chapter 34, appropriate codes or standards referenced in Chapter 2 and Section Permits. Permits, where required, shall comply with Special Provisions. The storage, arrangement, protection, and quantities of hazardous commodities shall be in accordance with the applicable portions of the following: (1) NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems (2) NFPA 30, Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code (3) NFPA 30B, Code for the Manufacture and Storage of Aerosol Products (4) NFPA 430, Code for the Storage of Liquid and Solid Oxidizers (5) NFPA 432, Code for the Storage of Organic Peroxide Formulations (6) NFPA 434, Code for the Storage of Pesticides (7) NFPA 1124, Code for the Manufacture, Transportation, Storage, and Retail Sales of Fireworks and Pyrotechnic Articles [101: ; 101: ] Bulk Storage Elevators. Bulk storage elevators shall comply with and NFPA 61, Standard for the Prevention of Fires and Dust Explosions in Agricultural and Food Processing Facilities Bulk storage elevators shall include all of the following: (1) All facilities that receive, handle, process, dry, blend, use, mill, package, store, or ship dry agricultural bulk materials, their byproducts, or dusts that include grains, oilseeds, agricultural seeds, legumes, sugar, flour, spices, feeds, and other related materials (2) All facilities designed for manufacturing and handling starch, including drying, grinding, conveying, processing, packaging, and storing dry or modified starch, and dry products and dusts generated from these processes (3) Those seed preparation and meal-handling systems of oilseed processing plants not covered by NFPA 36, Standard for Solvent Extraction Plants [61:1.1.1] NFPA 61, Standard for the Prevention of Fires and Dust Explosions in Agricultural and Food Processing Facilities, shall not apply to oilseed extraction plants that are covered by NFPA 36, Standard for Solvent Extraction Plants. [61:1.1.2] Applicability Unless otherwise noted, the provisions of on bulk storage elevators shall not be applied to facilities, equipment, structures, or installations that were existing or approved for construction or installation prior to the effective date of this Code, except in those cases where it is determined by the AHJ that the existing situation involves a distinct hazard to life or adjacent property The requirements of Chapter 11 of NFPA 61, Standard for the Prevention of Fires and Dust Explosions in Agricultural and Food Processing Facilities, shall apply to all facilities Record Storage Records protection equipment, facilities, and records-handling techniques that provide protection from the hazards of fire shall comply with and NFPA 232, Standard for the Protection of Records * Because of the volume of records, shall not cover large archives or records storage buildings Cellulose Nitrate Motion Picture Film Storage The storage and handling of cellulose nitrate film records shall comply with and NFPA 40, Standard for the Storage and Handling of Cellulose Nitrate Film Permits. Permits, where required, shall comply with High-Piled Storage Buildings containing high-piled storage shall comply with NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems; Chapter 34; and Permits. Permits, where required, shall comply with A See NFPA 232A, Guide for Fire Protection for Archives and Records Centers, where large archives or records storage buildings are involved. Substantiation: The has deleted material that would be redundant with requirements in other sections of the code due to incorporation of actions on other proposals into NFPA 1, UFC. Meeting Action: Accept Log# 55 UFC-AAA Final Action: Reject ( (New) ) Recommendation: Add a new section and renumber the remaining Commodity Designation based on engineering analysis. The designation of a high-piled combustible storage area, or portion thereof, is allowed to be based on a lower hazard class than that of the highest class of commodity stored when a limited quantity of the higher hazard commodity has been demonstrated by engineering analysis to be adequately protected by the sprinkler system provided. The engineering analysis shall consider the ability of the sprinkler system to deliver the higher density required by the higher- hazard commodity. The higher density shall be based on the actual storage height of the pile or rack and the minimum allowable design area for sprinkler operation as set forth in the density/area figures provided in NFPA 13. The contiguous area occupied by higher-hazard commodity shall not exceed 120 square feet (11.15 m 2 ), and additional areas of higher-hazard commodity shall be separated from other such areas by 25 feet (7620 mm) or more. Substantiation: This code amendment would allow a limited amount of higher hazard commodity storage without affecting the overall design of the fire sprinkler system. The decision will be based on the engineering analysis submitted to the AHJ. Statement: The technical provisions contained in this proposal are within the scope of the NFPA 13. The subject of this proposal should be directed to NFPA 13. The is not permitted to change extracted text from another NFPA code or standard under the NFPA Extract Policy. This proposal will be forwarded to the appropriate technical committee for action Log# 87 UFC-AAA Final Action: Reject ( (New) ) Submitter : Scott W. Adams, Park City Fire Service District / Rep. UFCA/ WFCA Recommendation: Add new text to read as follows: NFPA 1 UFC Floor proximity egress path marking shall be provided in accordance with and of NFPA 101. NFPA Floor proximity egress path marking complying with Section and shall be provided in interior exit corridors of new high-rise buildings. Substantiation: NFPA 1 UFC Section and NFPA 101 Section 7.10 require that the means of egress shall be marked by readily visible exit signs. This is typically accomplished with the use of internally illuminated exit signs located at a vertical distance of not more than 80 inches above the top edge of the egress opening. In essence, they are ceiling proximity exit signs as opposed to floor proximity exit signs. NFPA 1 UFC Section and NFPA 101 Section require internally illuminated exit signs be listed in accordance with UL 924, Standard for Emergency Lighting and Power Equipment. On October 24, 2003, Underwriters Laboratories announced that it is clarifying the scope of UL 924 with the following new language: 1.9 These requirements cover the performance of emergency lighting equipment (signs and luminaires) in clear air conditions only. These

52 requirements also do not attempt to compensate for human visual 3.3.X * Cultural Properties. Buildings, structures, or sites, or portions deficiencies such as near- or far-sightedness, color- or night-blindness, or thereof, that are culturally significant, or that house culturally significant astigmatism. Applications that require visibility through smoke or wayfinding assistance to those with visual impairments are beyond the scope of A.3.3.X Cultural Properties. Such properties include, but are not limited collections. (914: ) this standard. [Emphasis added] to, museums, libraries, historic structures, and places of worship. Smoke from a fire typically stacks from the ceiling and descends to the floor. Substantiation: The added a definition for Cultural Properties to What this means is that internally illuminated exit signs listed to UL 924 support the ʼs revision of the section. The revised located near the ceiling were never tested for visibility through smoke or existing Section to clarify its application and to facilitate incorporating intended to be visible in a fire. Occupancies with only ceiling proximity exit a reference to NFPA 914, as well as to NFPA 909. signs essentially have no marking of the means of egress that is tested and Meeting Action: Accept listed for use in fires. Floor proximity exit signs and egress path marking, however, are intended for use in fire by locating them within eighteen (18) inches above the floor. Floor Comment on Affirmative proximity egress path marking provides continuous delineation of the egress SHAPIRO: According to my notes in the Task Group III report under Log system and terminates at the exit door which is marked with a floor proximity 111, which is where the committee developed CP19, the phrase with this exit sign. This will greatly improve timely occupant evacuation and provide code or was deleted in This is not reflected in the ROP ballot text. firefighters with vital information on the egress system for rescue and THORNBERRY: Also, in regard to Proposal (Log #CP19), I do not firefighting operations. agree with Jeff Shapiroʼs affirmative comments. My notes indicate that the revisions shown are correct. Mr. Shapiro is somewhat mistaken in that the Statement: The need for floor proximity egress marking has not Recommended Action on (Log #111) actually had duplicate been substantiated. This subject is within the scope of NFPA 101. Further, the text this code or which was simply eliminated so that the text read as is not permitted to change extracted text from another NFPA code proposed in Proposal (Log #CP19). or standard under the NFPA Extract Policy. This proposal will be forwarded to the appropriate technical committee for action Log# 110 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept in Principle (20.17) Submitter : Eddie Phillips, Southern Regional Fire Code Development Recommendation: Revise to read: The provisions of this Code relating to the construction, repair, alteration, enlargement, restoration, and moving of buildings or structures shall not be mandatory for existing buildings or structures identified and classified by the state or local government authority as historic buildings where such buildings comply with NFPA 914, Code for the Fire Protection of Historic Structures. are judged by the AHJ to be safe and to not constitute a serious life safety hazard. Substantiation: Section currently contradicts section One section says the code is not mandatory if judged safe by the AHJ, the other section states the building shall comply will NFPA 909 (914 if revised by another proposal.) The current language in is too open-ended and encourages debate, confusion and conflict as to the appropriate code application. NFPA 914 is the appropriate reference and provides significant flexibility to the AHJ, owner and design professional in determining code compliance. Meeting Action: Accept in Principle See Action on Proposal (Log #CP19). Statement: The believes that the action on Proposal (Log #CP19) meets the submitterʼs intent Log# CP19 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept (20.17) Submitter : Technical on Uniform Fire Code Recommendation: 1. Revise existing Section to read: Historic al Buildings and Cultural Resources Historic buildings shall comply with this Code or with the provisions of NFPA 914, Code for Fire Protection of Historic Structures Buildings that store or display cultural resources (including museum or library collections), or spaces within other buildings used for such culturally significant purposes, shall comply with this Code or with the provisions of NFPA 909, Code for the Protection of Cultural Resources The provisions of this Code relating to the construction, repair, alteration, enlargement, restoration, and moving of buildings or structures shall not be mandatory for: (1) Existing buildings or structures identified and classified by the state or local government authority as historic buildings where such buildings comply with NFPA 914 or (2) Buildings, or spaces within buildings, that store or display cultural resources and comply with the provisions of NFPA 909, Code for the Protection of Cultural Resources. are judged by the AHJ to be safe and to not constitute a serious life safety hazard * Historic buildings shall comply with NFPA 909, Code for the Protection of Cultural Resources. 2. Add a new definition and annex text for Cultural Properties in Chapter 3 to read: Log# 111 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept in Principle ( ) Submitter : Eddie Phillips, Southern Regional Fire Code Development Recommendation: Revise to read: Historic buildings shall comply with NFPA 909, Code for the Protection of Cultural Resources 914, Code for the Fire Protection of Historic Structures. Substantiation: The proper reference for historic building standards is NFPA 914, not NFPA 909. Meeting Action: Accept in Principle See Proposal (Log #CP19). Statement: The recommendation to add NFPA 914 was incorporated by the Action in Proposal (Log #CP19) based on this proposal and Proposal (Log #110) Log# 56 UFC-AAA Final Action: Reject ( (New) ) Recommendation: Add a new section to read: A means of communication shall be provided from the roof area to notify the fire department of emergencies. Alternatively, a fire alarm pull station shall be installed and connected to the fire alarm system, if applicable, and identified as a separate zone. Substantiation: A readily available means of communicating an emergency happening on a rooftop heliport should be available. If a building has a fire alarm system installed, then a manual fire alarm station shall be installed. Statement: The technical provisions contained in this proposal are within the scope of the NFPA 418. The existing text is extracted from NFPA 418. The is not permitted to change extracted text from another NFPA code or standard under the NFPA Extract Policy. This proposal will be forwarded to the appropriate technical committee for action Log# 162 UFC-AAA Final Action: Reject ( ) Submitter : Marcelo M. Hirschler, GBH International / Rep. Fire Retardant Chemicals Association Recommendation: Revise text to read as follows: Flame Spread Classification. Flame spread Index. The flame spread index of all membrane materials exposed within the structure shall be Class A in accordance with Section 10.2 of NFPA 101. Substantiation: This proposal simply addresses terminology: the correct terminology is flame spread index rather than flame spread classification. Statement: The technical provisions contained in this proposal are within the scope of the NFPA 101. The existing text is extracted from NFPA 101. The is not permitted to change extracted text from another NFPA code or standard under the NFPA Extract Policy. This proposal will be forwarded to the appropriate technical

53 committee for action Log# 57 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept in Principle (Chapter 28, Title) Recommendation: Modify the title to include marine terminals, piers and wharves. Substantiation: Section 28.2 includes requirements for marine terminals, piers and wharves but the title makes no reference to them. Meeting Action: Accept in Principle Revise existing title of Chapter 28 to read: Chapter 28 Marinas, Boatyards, Marine Terminals, Piers, and Wharves Statement: The agreed with submitterʼs substantiation to expand the title of this chapter to reflect the subjects that are included in the chapter Log# 58 UFC-AAA Final Action: Reject (28.2) Recommendation: Revise to read: 28.2 Marine Terminals, Piers and Wharves Section 28.2 shall apply to marine terminals as defined herein. Marine terminals, piers, and wharves shall comply with this section and NFPA 307, Standard for the Construction and Fire Protection of Marine Terminals, Piers and Wharves. The requirements of this section for the construction and fire protection of piers and wharves shall be applicable to Sspecial use piers and wharf structures that are not marine terminals, such as public assembly, residential, business, or recreational occupancies that differ in design and construction from cargo handling piers, but require special consideration. The general principals of this standard for the construction and fire protection of piers and wharves shall be applicable to such structures and shall comply with NFPA 307, Standard for the Construction and Fire Protection of Marine Terminals, Piers and Wharves, and Section * Section 28.2 shall not apply to marinas and boatyards. (See Section 28.1) [307:1.1.2] * Section 28.2 shall not apply to the handling of flammable or combustible liquids in bulk. (See Chapter 66). [307:1.1.3] * Section 28.2 shall not apply to the handling of liquefied petroleum gases in bulk. (See Chapter 68) [307: 1.1.4] Nothing in Section 28.2 shall supersede any governmental or other regulatory authority or regulation. [307: 1.1.5] Substantiation: The current text appears to have been reprinted directly from the standard and does not directly state that these structures shall comply with the standard. The proposed text clarifies the requirements. Statement: The technical provisions contained in this proposal are within the scope of the NFPA 307. The existing text is consistent with the scope statement taken from NFPA 307, (307: 1.1.1). Further, the is not permitted to change extracted text from another NFPA code or standard under the NFPA Extract Policy. This proposal will be forwarded to the appropriate technical committee for action Log# 59 UFC-AAA Final Action: Reject (30.2.7) Recommendation: Replace with the following: Fixed Fire Protection. Automatic sprinkler protection installed in accordance with the requirements of Section 13.3, shall be provided in major repair garages, as herein defined, when any of the following conditions exist: (1) Containing a floor area greater than 3000 ft 2 (279 m 2 ). (2) The major repair garage is in the basement of a building. Substantiation: This type of facility is similar to what was once considered as an H-4 repair garage. There is a fire history of repair garages where fuel is liberated into the atmosphere and the possibility of hot work being conducted in and around motor vehicles. Statement: The technical provisions contained in this proposal are within the scope of the NFPA 30A. The existing text is extracted from an older edition of NFPA 30A, which will be updated in this revision cycle. The is not permitted to change extracted text from 1-53 another NFPA code or standard under the NFPA Extract Policy. This proposal will be forwarded to the appropriate technical committee for action Log# 60 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept in Principle ( (New) ) Recommendation: Add a new section to read: Oily Waste Materials. Oily rags and similar waste materials shall be stored in metal or other listed containers equipped with tight-fitting covers. Substantiation: This requirement would isolate oily rags in the case of spontaneous combustion and prevent fire from extending from the storage can. Meeting Action: Accept in Principle Add a new to read: Approved metal receptacles with self-closing covers shall be provided for the storage or disposal of oil-soaked waste or cloths. Statement: The believes that the text is better placed into Chapter 19, permitting a broader application to address the need for receptacles for storage or disposal of oil-soaked waste or cloths in all occupancies. Comment on Affirmative SHAPIRO: The text should be tagged as extract from NFPA 30A: Log# 62 UFC-AAA Final Action: Reject ( (New) ) Recommendation: Add a new section to read: Gas detection system. Repair garages used for repair of vehicles fueled by non-odorized gases, such as hydrogen and non-odorized LNG/CNG, shall be provided with an approved flammable gas detection system System design. The flammable gas detection system shall be calibrated to the types of fuels or gases used by vehicles to be repaired. The gas detection system shall be designed to activate when the level of flammable gas exceeds 25 percent of the lower flammable limit (LFL). Gas detection shall also be provided in lubrication or chassis repair pits of repair garages used for repairing non-odorized LNG/CNG-fueled vehicles Operation. Activation of the gas detection system shall result in all the following: (1) Initiation of distinct audible and visual alarm signals in the repair garage. (2) Deactivation of all heating systems located in the repair garage. (3) Activation of the mechanical ventilation system, when the system is interlocked with gas detection Failure of the gas detection system. Failure of the gas detection system shall result in the deactivation of the heating system, activation of the mechanical ventilation system and where the system is interlocked with gas detection and causes a trouble signal to sound in an approved location. Substantiation: Gas detection systems are required in the Uniform Fire Code 2000 Edition. Gas detection systems will warn employees of a leak of flammable gas, deactivate heaters and start ventilation fans. Statement: The technical provisions contained in this proposal are within the scope of the NFPA 30A. The subject of this proposal is extracted text from NFPA 30A. This is not permitted to change extracted text from another NFPA code or standard under the NFPA Extract Policy. This proposal will be forwarded to the appropriate technical committee for action Log# CP26 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept (Chapter 31) Submitter : Technical on Uniform Fire Code Recommendation: Replace existing Chapter 31 and its associated annex material with the following text: Chapter 31 Forest Products 31.1* General. The storage, manufacturing, and processing of timber, lumber, plywood, veneers, and byproducts shall be in accordance with this chapter and NFPA 664, Standard for the Prevention of Fires and Explosions in Wood Processing and Woodworking Facilities.

54 31.2 Permits. Permits, where required, shall comply with Stacks from solid fuel-burning furnaces and boilers shall be equipped with spark-arresting equipment to prevent hot sparks from reaching 31.3 Protection of Storage of Forest Products. the ground, and consideration shall be given to spark hazard in determining Application. the height of such stacks The requirements of this chapter shall apply to the outside storage of Cutting, welding, or other use of open flames or spark-producing the following: equipment shall not be permitted in the storage area unless by an approved permit system. (1) Lumber and wood panel products at retail and wholesale lumber storage yards (2) Lumber and wood panel products at other than retail and wholesale storage yards (3) Ties, poles, piles, posts, and other similar forest products at pressuretreating plant yards (4) Wood chips and hogged material (5) Logs The requirements of this chapter shall not apply to forest products stored on piers and wharves as addressed in NFPA 307, Standard for the Construction and Fire Protection of Marine Terminals, Piers, and Wharves General Fire Protection. The requirement in shall apply to all facilities regulated by through except as modified by those subsections * Operational Fire Prevention * Combustible waste materials such as bark, sawdust, chips, and other debris shall not be permitted to accumulate in a quantity or location that constitutes an undue fire hazard Smoking shall be prohibited except in specified safe locations approved by the authority having jurisdiction Signs that read No Smoking shall be posted in those areas where smoking is prohibited Signs indicating areas designated as safe for smoking shall be posted in those locations where smoking is permitted Smoking areas shall be provided with approved, noncombustible ash receptacles Smoking shall be specifically prohibited in and around railroad cars Access into yard areas by unauthorized persons shall be prohibited Storage areas shall be enclosed with a fence equipped with effective gates located as necessary to allow the entry of fire department apparatus Miscellaneous occupancy hazards such as vehicle storage and repair shops, cutting and welding operations, flammable liquid storage, liquefied petroleum gas storage, and similar operations shall be safeguarded in accordance with recognized good practice Vehicles and other power devices shall be of an approved type and shall be safely maintained and operated * Vehicle fueling operations shall be conducted in specified safe locations, isolated from storage areas and principal operating buildings Diesel- or gasoline-fueled vehicles that operate on hogged material or chip piles, in log storage areas, or in lumber storage areas shall be equipped with fixed fire-extinguishing systems of a type approved for offroad vehicles All electrical equipment and installations shall conform to the provisions of NFPA 70, National Electrical Code Salamanders, braziers, open fires, and similar dangerous heating arrangements shall be prohibited Heating devices shall be limited to approved-type equipment installed in an approved manner Suitable safeguards shall be provided to minimize the hazard of sparks caused by equipment such as refuse burners, boiler stacks, vehicle exhausts, and locomotives * Burning of shavings, sawdust, and refuse materials shall be conducted only in an approved, enclosed refuse burner equipped with an approved spark arrester and located at a safe distance from the nearest point of any yard The design and location of large burners presents special problems, and the authority having jurisdiction shall be consulted Exposure Protection. Exposure to the yard shall be protected in accordance with the requirements of through * Yard areas shall be separated from plant operations and other structures so that fire exposure into the yard is minimized Minimum separation shall be by means of a clear space permanently available for fire-fighting operations The width of the clear space shall be based on the severity of exposure, which varies with the area, height, occupancy, construction, and protection of the exposing structure and the type of stacking and height of adjacent stacks Forest, brush, and grass fire exposure shall be minimized by providing adequate clear space that is carefully kept free of combustible vegetation Clear space of a width at least equivalent to the driveway shall be provided for grass exposures, and clear space of a width not less than 100 ft (30 m) shall be provided for light brush exposures In forested areas, a wider clear space than in shall be provided * Fire Detection and Extinguishment. A reliable means for prompt transmission of fire alarms to public fire departments and plant emergency organizations shall be provided Outside Storage of Lumber and Wood Panel Products at Retail and Wholesale Storage Yards Application The requirements of shall apply to the following areas: (1) Retail lumberyards handling forest products and other building materials (2) Wholesale lumber storage yards, including distribution, holding, and transshipment areas * The requirements of shall apply to other than large outside wholesale and retail distribution yards General * The fire hazard potential inherent in lumber storage operations with large quantities of combustible material shall be controlled by a positive fire prevention program under the direct supervision of upper level management that shall include the following: (1) Selection, design, and arrangement of storage yard areas and materials-handling equipment based upon proven fire prevention and protection principles (2) Means for early fire detection, transmission of alarm, and fire extinguishment (3) Driveways to separate large stacks and provide access for effective fire-fighting operations (4) Separation of yard storage from yard buildings and other exposing properties (5) Effective fire prevention maintenance program, including regular yard inspections by trained personnel * Water supplies shall be provided in accordance with this Code Open Yard Storage * Lumber stacks shall be on stable ground, and paved or surfaced with materials such as cinders, fine gravel, or stone The method of stacking shall be stable and in an orderly and regular manner * The height of stacks shall not exceed 20 ft (6 m) with consideration for stability Where stacks are supported clear of the ground, 6 in. (15 cm) of clearance shall be provided for cleaning operations under the stacks.

55 Driveways shall be spaced so that a grid system of not more than * General. The fire hazard potential inherent in tie storage operations 50 ft 150 ft (15 m 46 m) is produced. with large quantities of combustible material shall be controlled by a positive fire prevention program under the direct supervision of upper level Driveways shall comply with the following: management that shall include the following: (1) They shall have a width of not less than 15 ft (4.6 m) and an allweather surface capable of supporting fire department apparatus. (2) The radius of turns shall be designed to accommodate fire department apparatus Stacking limits shall be designated to indicate yard area and alleyway limits in accordance with or The stacking limits shall be designated with boundary posts having signs that indicate stacking limits unless otherwise permitted by Where yards have paved areas, painted boundary limits shall be permitted to be used to designate stacking limits Exposure Protection Exposure to the Yard Open yard stacking shall be located with not less than 15 ft (4.6 m) clear space to buildings Boundary posts with signs designating stacking limits shall be provided to designate the clear space to unsprinklered buildings in which hazardous manufacturing or other operations take place * Exposure from the Yard Open yard stacking shall be located with not less than 15 ft (4.6 m) clear space to adjacent property lines Alternative forms of exposure protection shall be permitted where approved by the authority having jurisdiction Outside Storage of Lumber and Wood Panel Products at Other Than Retail and Wholesale Storage Yards * Application. The requirements of shall apply to large yard storage areas containing lumber, wood panels, and other similar wood products not intended for retail or wholesale distribution at the site * General. The fire hazard potential inherent in forest product storage operations with large quantities of combustible material shall be controlled by a positive fire prevention program under the direct supervision of upper level management that shall include the following: (1) Selection, design, and arrangement of storage yard areas and materials-handling equipment based on sound fire prevention and protection principles (2) Means for early fire detection, transmission of alarm, and fire extinguishment (3) Driveways to separate large stacks and provide access for effective fire-fighting operations (4) Separation of yard storage from mill or other plant operations and other exposing properties (5) Effective fire prevention maintenance program, including regular yard inspections by trained personnel * Open Yard Storage * Water supplies shall be provided in accordance with this Code Access to the plant and yard from public highways shall be provided by all-weather roadways capable of supporting fire department apparatus The storage site shall be reasonably level, solid ground, paved or surfaced with material such as cinders, fine gravel, or stone Stack height shall be limited to 20 ft (6 m) Outside Storage of Ties, Poles, Piles, Posts, and Other Similar Forest Products at Pressure-Treating Plant Yards Application * The requirements of shall apply to yard storage areas containing treated and untreated ties, poles, piles, posts, and other similar forest products in yards connected with pressure-treating plants The requirements of shall not apply to pressure-treating buildings, processes, or storage of treating materials. (1) Selection, design, and arrangement of storage yard areas and materials-handling equipment based upon sound fire prevention and protection principles (2) Means for early fire detection, transmission of alarm, and fire extinguishment (3) Driveways to separate large stacks and provide access for effective fire-fighting operations (4) Separation of yard storage from mill buildings and other exposing properties (5) Effective fire prevention maintenance program, including regular yard inspections by trained personnel * Tie Yard Protection * Unobstructed alleyways of sufficient width for hand or cart fire hose laying operations shall be provided between piles Alleyways shall not be less than 2 ft (0.6 m) in width Where a minimum alleyway width of 4 ft (1.2 m) is provided, the length of the rows shall be not more than 100 ft (30 m) Where an alleyway width less than 4 ft (1.2 m) is provided, the length of the rows shall be not more than 75 ft (23 m) * Water supplies shall be provided in accordance with this Code Access to the plant and yard from public highways shall be provided by all-weather roadways capable of supporting fire department apparatus The storage site shall be reasonably level, solid ground, paved or surfaced with material such as cinders, fine gravel, or stone * Stack heights shall be limited to 20 ft (6 m) Outside Storage of Wood Chips and Hogged Material * Application. The requirements of shall apply to yard storage areas containing wood chips and hogged material General * The fire hazard potential inherent in storage piles shall be controlled by a positive fire prevention program under the direct supervision of upper level management that shall include the following: (1) Selection, design, and arrangement of storage yard areas and materials-handling equipment based upon sound fire prevention and protection principles (2) Establishment of control over the various factors that lead to spontaneous heating, including provisions for monitoring the internal condition of the pile (3) Means for early fire detection and extinguishment (4) Driveways around the piles and access roads to the top of the piles for effective fire-fighting operations (5) Facilities for calling the public fire department and facilities needed by the fire department for fire extinguishment (6) Effective fire prevention maintenance program, including regular yard inspections by trained personnel * The following items shall be addressed when establishing operating procedures: (1) The storage site shall be reasonably level, solid ground, or shall be paved with blacktop, concrete, or other hard-surface material. (2) Operating plans for the buildup and reclaiming of the pile shall be based on a turnover time of not more than 1 year under ideal conditions. (3)* Piles containing other than screened chips made from cleaned and barked logs shall be minimized. (4)* The pile size shall be limited. (5) Pile heights shall be kept low, particularly piles that inherently carry a larger percentage of fines and are subject to greater compaction. 1-55

56 (6) Thermocouples shall be installed during pile buildup, or other (1) Selection, design, and arrangement of storage yard areas and means for measuring temperatures within the pile shall be provided with regular (normally weekly) reports to management. materials-handling equipment based on sound fire prevention and protection principles (7)* The pile shall be wetted regularly to help keep fines from drying out and help maintain the moisture content of the surface layer of the pile * Pile Protection * Piles shall be constructed with an access roadway to the top of the pile in order to reach any part of the pile * Piles shall not exceed 60 ft (18 m) in height, 300 ft (90 m) in width, and 500 ft (150 m) in length Where pile height and width are such that all portions of the pile cannot be reached by direct hose streams from the ground, arrangements shall be made to provide fire-fighting service in these areas, and small fire stream supplies shall be available on the top of the pile for handling small surface fires and for wetting the pile in dry weather When piles exceed 500 ft (150 m) in length, they shall be subdivided by driveways having not less than 30 ft (9 m) of clear space at the base of the piles Low barrier walls around piles shall be provided to clearly define pile perimeters, prevent creeping, and facilitate cleanup of driveways Where suitable, a small, motorized vehicle amply equipped with portable extinguishing equipment or a water tank and pump shall be provided Lightweight ladders that can be placed against the side of the pile shall be placed at convenient locations throughout the yard for use by the plant emergency organization Training of the plant emergency organization also shall include procedures and precautions to be observed by yard crews employing power equipment in fighting internal fires * Portable fire extinguishers for Class A fires shall be provided in accordance with NFPA 10, Standard for Portable Fire Extinguishers, on all vehicles operating on the pile in addition to the normal Class B units for the vehicle * Water supplies shall be provided in accordance with this Code All motor and switchgear enclosures shall be provided with approved, portable fire extinguishers suitable for the hazard involved in accordance with NFPA 10, Standard for Portable Fire Extinguishers * Power-operated, shovel-type or scoop-type vehicles, dozers, or similar equipment shall be available for use in moving stored material for fire fighting Temporary conveyors and motors on the surface or adjacent to the piles shall not be permitted Physical protection shall be provided to prevent heat sources such as steam lines, air lines, electrical motors, and mechanical drive equipment from becoming buried or heavily coated with combustible material Tramp metal collectors or detectors shall be required on all conveyor and blower systems Exposure Protection * Incinerators or open refuse burning shall not be permitted in any area where sparks could reach the storage piles * A clear space of not less than 15 ft (4.6 m) shall be maintained between piles and exposing structures, yard equipment, or stock, depending on the degree of exposure hazard * Pile-to-pile clearance of not less than 30 ft (9 m) at the base of the pile shall be provided Outside Storage of Logs Application * The requirements of shall apply to log yard storage areas containing saw, plywood veneer, or pulpwood logs stored in ranked piles commonly referred to as cold decks The requirements of shall not apply to cordwood * General. The fire hazard potential inherent in log storage operations with large quantities of combustible materials shall be controlled by a positive fire prevention program under the direct supervision of upper level management that shall include the following: 1-56 (2) Means for early fire detection, transmission of alarm, and fire extinguishment (3) Driveways to separate large piles and provide access for effective fire-fighting operations (4) Separation of yard storage from mill operations and other exposing properties (5) Effective fire prevention maintenance program, including regular yard inspections by trained personnel * Log Yard Protection The storage site shall be reasonably level, solid ground, paved or surfaced with material such as cinders, fine gravel, or stone Access to the plant and yard from public highways shall be provided by all-weather roadways capable of supporting fire department apparatus * All sides of each cold deck shall be accessible by means of driveways A driveway width of 1 1/2 times the pile height but not less than 20 ft (6 m) shall be provided, with driveways between alternate rows of two pile groups providing a clear space of at least 100 ft (30 m) * Each cold deck shall not exceed 500 ft (150 m) in length, 300 ft (90 m) in width, and 20 ft (6 m) in height * Driveways for access across each end, with a clear space of not less than 100 ft (30 m) to adjacent pile rows or other exposed property, shall be provided The size of cold decks shall be permitted to be increased where additional fire flow and fixed fire protection equipment is provided and the approval of the authority having jurisdiction is obtained * Water supplies shall be provided in accordance with this Code Dynamite shall never be used as a means to reclaim frozen log piles * During dry weather, piles shall be wet down. The following is annex material associated with the requirements for Chapter 31. A.31.1 Each individual property has its own special conditions of stock handling, exposure, and topography. For this reason, only basic fire protection principles are discussed herein and are intended to be applied with due consideration of all local factors involved. The authority having jurisdiction should be consulted. A Weeds, grass, and similar vegetation should be prevented throughout the entire yard, and any vegetation growth should be sprayed as often as needed with an herbicide or ground sterilizer, or should be grubbed out. Dead weeds should be removed after destruction. Weed burners should not be used. A Good housekeeping should be maintained at all times, including regular and frequent cleaning of materials-handling equipment. A See NFPA 505, Fire Safety Standard for Powered Industrial Trucks Including Type Designations, Areas of Use, Conversions, Maintenance, and Operation. A See NFPA 82, Standard on Incinerators and Waste and Linen Handling Systems and Equipment, for small rubbish burners. A Saw mills, planing mills, treating plants, adzing mills, and similar buildings without blank walls should be separated from yard storage by a clear space in accordance with the recommendations of NFPA 80A, Recommended Practice for Protection of Buildings from Exterior Fire Exposures. Unsprinklered manufacturing buildings and other large structures with combustible contents represent a severe exposure to yard storage, unless the exterior walls have the necessary fire resistance to act as a fire separation and are essentially absent of unprotected openings. A Where practical, some form of fixed system of alarm notification or communication equipment should be provided within the storage yard (e.g., telephones, radios). Portable fire extinguishers suitable for the fire hazard involved should be provided at convenient, conspicuously accessible locations in the yard.

57 Approved portable fire-extinguishing equipment should be located so that the A Each individual property has its own special conditions of yard travel distance to the nearest unit is not more than 75 ft (23 m). See NFPA 10, use, stock-handling methods, and topography. For this reason, only basic fire Standard for Portable Fire Extinguishers. Approved fire extinguishers suitable protection principles are discussed herein, and are intended to be applied with for the fire hazard involved should be provided on all power vehicles and units, due consideration of all local factors involved. Ties, as used herein, include including haulage or private locomotives in the yard. ties, poles, piles, posts, and other similar forest products. Treated ties are ties that are pressure impregnated with preservatives. A The type of operations at properties where the provisions of apply vary widely. Retail lumber and building material operations are often characterized by large area buildings with minor outside storage areas. On the other hand, wholesale and distribution yards can involve large outside storage areas that present fire protection problems similar to mill yards. A Fire loss experience in lumberyards indicates that the following are the principal factors that allow lumberyard fires to reach serious proportions: (1) Large, undivided stacks (2) Congested storage conditions (3) Delayed fire detection (4) Inadequate fire protection (5) Ineffective fire-fighting tactics A It is recognized that retail and wholesale lumber storage yards are normally located within municipal system boundaries, where the system should be capable of supplying not less than four 2 1/2 in. (65 mm) hose streams simultaneously [1000 gpm (4000 L/min)]. Where large-scale firefighting operations can be expected, larger water supplies are needed. Where protection from municipal water supplies and hydrant systems is not provided or is not considered adequate by the authority having jurisdiction, a yard fire hydrant system should be provided and installed in accordance with NFPA 24, Standard for the Installation of Private Fire Service Mains and Their Appurtenances. A Where the danger of underground fire is present, refuse-filled or sawdust-filled land should not be used. A Air-dried stickered stacks are subject to rapid-fire spread through the air spaces and should therefore be kept as low as practicable. A Because of the large quantities of material generally involved in lumberyard fires, some form of exposure protection for adjoining properties is recommended. Clear spaces or walls capable of providing fire barriers between yard storage and the exposed properties should be used. The responsibility for the protection of properties adjoining a lumberyard is often a joint responsibility to be worked out between the lumberyard and adjoining property owners. The authority having jurisdiction should be consulted. A Each individual property has its own special conditions of yard use, material-handling methods, and topography. For this reason, only basic fire protection principles are discussed herein and are intended to be applied with due consideration of all local factors involved. The authority having jurisdiction should be consulted. A Fire loss experience in lumber storage yards indicates that the following are the principal factors that allow lumberyard fires to reach serious proportions: (1) Large undivided stacks (2) Congested storage conditions (3) Delayed fire detection (4) Inadequate fire protection (5) Ineffective fire-fighting tactics A Refuse-filled or sawdust-filled land, swampy ground, or areas where the hazard of underground fire is present should not be used as a storage site. A For basic fire protection, the hydrant system should be capable of supplying not less than four 2 1/2 in. (65 mm) hose streams simultaneously [1000 gpm (4000 L/min)] while maintaining a positive residual pressure in the fire protection hydrant system of not less than 20 psi (1.38 bar). Where large-scale fire-fighting operations can be expected, larger water supplies with adequate mains are needed. For early extinguishment with basic fire protection, hydrants should be spaced with sufficient 2 1/2 in. (65 mm) hose attached to allow rapid hose laying to all parts of the stacking areas. For this reason, the hydrants should be spaced at about 250 ft (76 m) intervals so that any part of the yard can be reached with 250 ft (60 m) of hose. Hydrants preferably should be located at driveway intersections. A hydrant hose house with not less than 250 ft (60 m) of fire hose and auxiliary equipment should be provided at each hydrant. (See NFPA 24, Standard for the Installation of Private Fire Service Mains and Their Appurtenances.) 1-57 A Fire loss experience in tie storage yards indicates that the following are the principal factors that allow fires to reach serious proportions: (1) Large undivided stacks (2) Congested storage conditions (3) Delayed fire detection (4) Inadequate fire protection (5) Ineffective fire-fighting tactics A Refuse-filled or sawdust-filled land, swampy ground, or areas where the hazard of underground fire is present should not be used as storage site. A With relatively open stacking (that is, stacking that allows for penetration of fire-extinguishing streams), sufficient alleyway width can usually be accomplished by providing a not-less-than 4 ft (1.2 m) alleyway width between alternate rows of tie stacks. [See Figure A (a).] Flat crib-style stacking without space between the stacks that forms solid packed rows should require a not-less-than 4 ft (1.2 m) alleyway width between each row. [See Figure A (b).] FIGURE A (a) Relatively Open Stacking Methods. W W FIGURE A (b) Crib-Style Stacking into Solid Rows. A For basic fire protection, the hydrant system should be capable of supplying not less than four 2 1/2 in. (65 mm) hose streams simultaneously [not less than 1000 gpm (4000 L/min)] while maintaining a positive residual pressure in the fire protection hydrant system of not less than 20 psi (1.38 bar). Where large-scale fire-fighting operations can be expected, larger water supplies with adequate mains are needed. For early extinguishment with basic fire protection, hydrants should be spaced with sufficient 2 1/2 in. (65 mm) hose attached to allow rapid hose laying to all parts of the stacking areas. For this reason, hydrants should be spaced at about 250 ft (76 m) intervals so that any part of the yard can be reached with 200 ft (60 m) of hose. Hydrants preferably should be located at driveway intersections. A hydrant hose house with not less than 200 ft (60 m) of fire hose and auxiliary equipment should be provided at each hydrant. (See NFPA

58 24, Standard for the Installation of Private Fire Service Mains and Their Appurtenances.) A Heights in excess of 20 ft (6 m) seriously restrict effective extinguishing operations. A Each individual property has its own special conditions of yard use, stock-handling methods, and topography. It is recognized that climate conditions, wood species, and the age of piles are all factors affecting fire safety. For these reasons, only basic fire protection principles are discussed herein, and are intended to be applied with due consideration of all local factors involved. Except for the surface layer, the moisture content of a pile of wood chips or hogged material is quite high, so surface fires do not generally penetrate more than a few inches into the pile. Fire tests indicate that, for areas of average humidity conditions, the flame propagation over the surface is relatively slow. These conditions allow ready extinguishment, provided that there is early detection and good access. It is expected that, in areas where long periods of low humidity prevail, faster surface flame spread can be anticipated, increasing the importance of early detection and good access. A Fire experience and fire tests indicate that two completely different types of fires can occur in storage piles surface fires and internal fires. Fire prevention activities and fire protection facilities should, therefore, include preparations for coping with both situations. Internal heating is a hazard inherent to long-term bulk storage of chips and hogged material that progresses to spontaneous combustion under certain pile conditions. Internal fires are difficult to detect and extinguish. Unless provisions are made for measuring internal temperatures, such fires can burn for long periods before emission of smoke at the surface indicates an internal fire. Extinguishment then becomes a lengthy and expensive loss-control and operating problem requiring equipment and manpower to move large portions of the pile, either by digging out the burning portions or removing the unburned portions of the pile. Experience has shown that these conditions create very large losses, and special attention should be given to the prevention of spontaneous combustion and to pre-fire planning where evaluating how best to handle an imminent or actual fire in a particular pile. A Prevention of internal fires requires an understanding of the factors that cause exothermic oxidation so that steps can be taken to minimize this hazard and to provide means of monitoring temperature conditions inside the pile. Refuse and old chips should not be permitted in the chip pile base. The storage site should be thoroughly cleaned before starting a new pile. The quality of chip supplies should be controlled in terms of percentage of fines. The concentration of fines should not be allowed during pile buildup. Pneumatic systems produce an air classification of stored materials that should be recognized, and appropriate steps should be taken to minimize concentration of fines. It is preferable to spread new stored materials in a relatively even layer over the pile. Vehicles used on all piles should be of a type that minimizes compaction. Veneer chip piles should be limited to 50 ft (15 m) in height. A (3) For example, whole-tree chip piles containing bark, leaves, and other extraneous or hogged material can be subject to greater degrees of spontaneous heating and thermal degradation and should be reclaimed more frequently. A (4) Fundamentally, several small piles are better than one large pile. A (7) Minimizing the diffusion of water from wet, stored material into dry fires is important to reduce exothermic heating caused by adsorption effects. Maintaining surface moisture content is also important so as to reduce the hazard of surface fires during periods of hot, dry weather. A A high standard of housekeeping should be maintained around all potential heat sources. Care should be exercised to prevent tramp metal from entering the piles, or sections of blower pipes from being buried in the piles. A For very large piles, two or more access roadways should be provided on opposite sides of the pile. A Narrow, low piles facilitate fire extinguishment. A Due to the size and configuration of piles, providing portable fire extinguishers within 75 ft (23 m) of travel distance to any point is not practical. A Fire hydrants connected to yard mains should be provided so that any part of the pile(s) can be reached by hose equipment provided in each hydrant hose house. Each hydrant hose house should be equipped with 1-58 a complement of 2 1/2 in. (65 mm) and 1 1/2 in. (38 mm) hose, a 2 1/2 in. (65 mm) and 1 1/2 in. (38 mm) gated wye, and 1 1/2 in. (38 mm) combination nozzles. Hydrants should be spaced at about 250 ft (76 m) intervals so that any part of the yard can be reached with 200 ft (60 m) of hose. Where pile configurations are such that all parts of the pile cannot be reached by the hose, a fire hose cart(s) equipped with an ample supply of hose and nozzles should be strategically placed in the storage area. The amount of water needed to control a pile fire varies substantially depending on the size of the pile. Weather conditions, operating methods, geographic location, type of material stored, and the degree to which wetting can be employed affect the potential for a large area surface fire. Experience indicates that exposure to long periods of hot, dry weather with no regular surface wetting creates conditions under which fast-spreading surface fires, which require many hose streams for control depending on the size of the pile, can occur. Likewise, the frequency of pile turnover and operating methods affect the potential for serious internal fires. Piles built using methods that allow a concentration of fines and piles stored for long periods of time with no turnover are subject to internal heating that, if undetected, can create intense internal fires. A flow of not less than 500 gpm (2000 L/min) should be provided at any fire hydrant in the pile area. Additional flows should be provided as needed where conditions are likely to produce serious surface fires or large internal fires. Fire mains should be engineered to deliver the recommended gallonage plus allowance for operational uses and special extinguishing equipment at a residual pressure of 60 psi to 100 psi (4.1 bar to 6.9 bar) at the hydrants. A With the use of the equipment specified in , surface types of pile fires can usually be removed from the affected areas and extinguished. Where deep-seated fires occur within the pile or under the pile in tunnels or other enclosures, this equipment is invaluable in breaking down the entire pile and spreading it out in a safe yard area, which allows fire fighters using hand hose lines or deluge units to extinguish both the pile and ground-spread stored material. A Experience indicates that radiated heat from exposing fires in storage piles does not ordinarily pose a serious ignition threat to other piles, provided that recommended clear spaces are maintained. Flying brands from exposing fires, especially during high winds, do present a hazardous ignition source. Upwind forest or brush fires can also present a problem in relation to flying sparks and brands. A Buildings or other structures near storage piles can pose a serious exposure hazard to the pile. A Greater clearance is desirable when piles are high and side slopes are greater than 60 degrees. A Each individual property has its own special conditions for yard use, stock-handling methods, and topography. For this reason, only basic fire protection principles are discussed herein, and are intended to be applied with due consideration of all local factors involved. A Fire loss experience in outside storage of logs indicates that the following are the principal factors that allow log pile fires to reach serious proportions: (1) Large undivided piles (2) Congested storage conditions (3) Delayed fire detection (4) Inadequate fire protection (5) Ineffective fire-fighting tactics A Refuse-filled or sawdust-filled land, swampy ground, or areas where the hazard of underground fire is present should not be used as a storage site. A Where practical, greater widths should be provided to minimize the effects of radiated heat, particularly in high-piled yards. A Heights in excess of 20 ft (6 m) seriously restrict effective extinguishing operations, since successful extinguishment of log pile fires requires penetration of the pile from the side by hose streams.

59 A See Figure A Statement: The storage of idle pallets will be addressed by the consolidation of NFPA 230 into NFPA 1 UFC. See proposal (Log#CP25). The fire flow requirements have not been technically Exposed property substantiated. The NFPA MOS does not allow annexes to be referenced in the Code. 100 ft (30 m) clear space and driveway 100 ft (30 m) clear space and driveway Log pile (H ft high) Driveway (1¹ ₂ times H ) not less than 20 ft (6 m) Log pile Log pile FIGURE A Layout of Log Storage Yard. A For basic fire protection, the hydrant system should be capable of supplying not less than four 2 1/2 in. (65 mm) hose streams simultaneously [not less than 1000 gpm (4000 L/min)] while maintaining a positive residual pressure in the fire protection hydrant system of not less than 20 psi (1.38 bar). Where large-scale fire-fighting operations can be expected, larger water supplies with adequate mains are needed. For early extinguishment with basic fire protection, hydrants should be spaced with sufficient 2 1/2 in. (65 mm) hose attached to allow rapid hose laying to all parts of the piling areas. For this reason, hydrants should be spaced at about 250 ft (76 m) intervals so that any part of the yard can be reached with 200 ft (60 m) of hose. Hydrants should be located at driveway intersections. A hydrant hose house with not less than 200 ft (60 m) of fire hose and auxiliary equipment should be provided at each hydrant. (See NFPA 24, Standard for the Installation of Private Fire Service Mains and Their Appurtenances.) A The installation of a portable piping system equipped with irrigation or lawn-type sprinklers on the top of each log pile is recommended. Substantiation: Section 31.3 is currently an extract of material from NFPA 230, Standard for the Fire Protection of Storage. The Uniform Fire Code has been given responsibility for NFPA 230 and is integrating the material into NFPA 1 UFC and withdrawing NFPA 230. Therefore, the chapter on forest products is being incorporated rather than extracted. The revised Chapter 31 to make it compatible with the new information being incorporated from NFPA Meeting Action: Accept Log# 63 UFC-AAA Final Action: Reject ( (New) ) Recommendation: Add a new section to read: Pallet Storage and Rehabilitation The minimum required fire flow shall not be less than 2000 gpm. Hydrant location shall be in accordance with Annex I, Table I-3 for pallet yards of 6,200 square feet or less. For pallet storage yards greater that 6,200 square feet the required fire flow will follow the requirements of Annex H, Table H.5.1 for Type V (000) construction. Pallet yards will not exceed the available fire hydrant flow and spacing Pallets stacks shall not exceed fifteen (15) feet in height nor shall cover an area of greater than four hundred (400) square feet or have an aggregate size greater than six thousand (6,000) cubic feet. Pallet stacks shall be arranged to form stable piles. A distance of not less than eight (8) feet shall separate stacks. Piles shall be no closer than eight (8) feet to any property line or structure Storage shall comply with NFPA 230, Standard for the Fire Protection of Storage Fire apparatus access roadways shall be provided for buildings and facilities in accordance with Section Substantiation: Pallet storage and rehabilitation yards present a distinct fire hazard and fire suppression challenge. The proposed code language will limit the spread of a fire in this type of activity Log# 64 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept in Principle ( (New) ) Recommendation: Add a new section to read: Wood Processing and Woodworking Facilities Dust control shall be in accordance with NFPA 664 for combustible dust-producing operations that occupy areas of more than 2500 square feet (232 m 2 ) or to areas where dust-producing equipment requires an aggregate dust collection flow rate of more than 1500 ft 3 /min (2549 m 3 /hr) The AHJ is authorized to require dust control for any operation, if based in his opinion, a significant hazard exists. Substantiation: The fire code should have a prescriptive requirement of when dust collection equipment should be required for a woodworking facility. Working on the assumption of the fire sprinkler requirements for woodworking facilities will be approved, a figure of 1500 ft 3 /min. was taken from NFPA 664. Meeting Action: Accept in Principle Add a new to read: Wood Processing and Woodworking Facilities. Dust control shall be in accordance with NFPA 664 for combustible dust-producing operations that occupy areas of more than 5000 sq ft (464 m2),or to areas where dustproducing equipment requires an aggregate dust collection flow rate of more than 1500 ft3/min (2549 m3/hr). Statement: The agrees with the submitterʼs recommendation to add a new , but revised the area threshold of the requirement from 2500 sq ft (232 sq m) to 5000 sq ft (464 sq m) to correlate with NFPA 664. The does not believe that there is a need for the proposed For proposed , no criteria for action were suggested by the submitter Log# 65 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept in Principle in Part (Chapter 32 (New)) Recommendation: Add a new Chapter to read: Chapter 32 Motion Picture and Television Production Studio Sound Stages and Production Facilities General Permanent Facilities. The design, construction, operation, and maintenance of soundstages and approved production facilities used in motion picture and television industry productions shall comply with NFPA 140, Motion Picture and Television Production Studio Sound Stages and Production Facilities and Chapter Production Locations. The filming or live broadcasting on-location or at other temporary facilities that do not fall under the scope of NFPA 140, shall meet the requirements of section Permits. Permits, where required, shall comply with General. A permit from the authority having jurisdiction shall be obtained anytime filming or live broadcasts are done from: 1. Production Facilities, Production Studios, Sound Stages, or 2. Production Locations unless waived by the chief. EXCEPTION: The filming or live broadcasts of news or sporting events Additional Permits. A separate permit(s) shall be required for the use of pyrotechnic special effects, open flame use, use of flammable or combustible liquids and gases, welding, and the parking of motor vehicles within a soundstage or production facility Live Audiences. An assembly permit shall be required for seating arrangements of all live audience stages. Such arrangements shall be in accordance with this code and NFPA Occupancy Classification Live Audience Stages. Production facilities or locations, sound stages, and production studios with live audience stages, shall be classified as Assembly Occupancy All Other Stages. Production facilities, sound stages, and production facilities without live audience stages shall be classified as Industrial Occupancy Housekeeping. Studio sound stages shall maintain proper housekeeping in accordance with Chapter 10 and 19 where applicable Fire Safety Officers.

60 Pyrotechnics. Standby fire safety officers shall be required for all Chapter 32 Motion Picture and Television Production Studio productions where pyrotechnic special effects are used. Soundstages and Production Facilities Other Hazards. Where permits are required by the Fire Code, the need 32.1 General. for standby fire safety officers shall be determined by the AHJ on a case-bycase basis. maintenance of soundstages and approved production facilities used in Permanent Facilities. The design, construction, operation, and 32.6 Fire Protection Features. motion picture and television industry productions shall comply with NFPA Sprinkler Systems. An approved automatic sprinkler system shall be 140, Motion Picture and Television Production Studio Sound Stages and installed in accordance with section 13.3 and NFPA 140. Production Facilities, and Chapter Sprinkler Obstructions. All interior solid-ceiling sets over 600 ft Production Locations. The filming or live broadcasting onlocation or at other temporary facilities that do not fall under the scope of in area, and platforms over 600 ft2 which exceed 3 feet in height, shall be protected by automatic sprinklers unless one of the following conditions are NFPA 140 shall meet the requirements of Section satisfied Permits. Permits, where required, shall comply with (1) Heat detectors are installed in accordance with section * With the exception of filming or live broadcasts of news or sporting (2) Solid-ceilings or horizontal set pieces over 600 ft2 in area may be events, a permit shall be obtained from the AHJ anytime filming or live designed to allow the ceilings to be positioned (vertically) to allow for the broadcasts are done away from either of the following: operation of the automatic fire sprinkler system after filming has been (1) Production facilities, production studios, or soundstages completed for the day. (2) Production locations unless waived by the AHJ Fire Alarm System A separate permit(s) shall be required for the use of pyrotechnic Fire Alarm Panels. Fire Alarm panels shall be utilized in accordance special effects, open flame, flammable or combustible liquids and gases, with their listing. Panels may be temporarily supported by sets, platforms, or welding, and the parking of motor vehicles within a soundstage or production pedestals, for temporary sets, which will be erected for less than 180 days. facility The fire alarm panel shall be connected to an approved listed Live Audiences. central, proprietary, or remote station service, or a local alarm which will give An assembly permit shall be required for seating arrangements of an audible signal to a constantly attended location such as a security post. all live audience stages Heat Detectors. Heat detectors require by this chapter shall be Such seating arrangements shall be in accordance with this Code defined as a portable system as it is intended to be reinstalled when platforms and NFPA 101, Life Safety Code. or sets are changed, and after filming has been completed for the day Occupancy Classification Heat Detectors shall be secured to standard outlet boxes, which Live Audience Stages. Production facilities or locations, may by temporarily supported by sets, platforms, or pedestals. soundstages, and production studios with live audience stages shall be Detectors shall not exceed 30 feet on center spacing or as required classified as an assembly occupancy. by the manufactureʼs installation instructions All Other Stages. Production facilities, soundstages, and production Wiring. Wiring for temporary (less than 180 days) or portable fire facilities without live audience stages shall be classified as an industrial alarm systems do not have to meet the requirements of the National Electrical occupancy. Code Housekeeping. Studio soundstages shall maintain housekeeping in 32.7 Production Locations. accordance with Chapters 10 and 19 where applicable General. Production Locations shall meet the requirements of Standby Fire Personnel. through 32.5 and 32.7 where applicable Pyrotechnics. Standby fire personnel shall be required for all Vacant Building, Warehouses. The use of vacant buildings or productions where pyrotechnic special effects are used. warehouses for a production location shall meet the requirements of section Other Hazards. Where permits are required by the Code, the need , and through : for standby fire personnel shall be determined by the AHJ on a case-by-case Permits. Vacant buildings which are used for production shall require basis. a filming permit in accordance with section Fire Protection Features Buildings with Interior Sets. Buildings where interior sets or stages Sprinkler Systems. are constructed shall meet the following An approved automatic sprinkler system shall be installed (1) Interior sets and stages are only permitted to be constructed in sprinklered throughout the facility in accordance with Section 13.3 and NFPA 140. buildings All interior solid-ceiling sets over 600 ft 2 (56 m 2 ) in area, and (2) In buildings protected by an automatic sprinkler system, but fail to meet platforms over 600 ft 2 (56 m 2 ) that exceed 3 ft (0.9 m) in height, shall be the minimum sprinkler design requirements of section 13.3 and NFPA 140, protected by automatic sprinklers unless one of the following conditions are shall be protected by heat detectors installed in accordance with requirements satisfied: of section (1) Heat detectors are installed in accordance with Exiting. The building shall have adequate exiting and meet the (2) Solid-ceilings or horizontal set pieces over 600 ft 2 (56 m 2 ) in area are appropriate exiting requirements for the intended use by the production designed to allow the ceilings to be positioned (vertically) after filming has company. In all cases an aisle along the interior perimeter of the building been completed for the day to permit the operation of the automatic fire shall be maintained with a minimum width of 48 inches and a height of 7 ft. sprinkler system On-Site, Occupied Buildings. The filming or broadcasting onlocation or in occupied buildings shall be in accordance with sections Fire Alarm Panels Fire Alarm System. through Fire alarm panels shall be utilized in accordance with their Exiting. Exiting systems for occupied buildings shall not be listing. obstructed by equipment, sets or props Portable fire alarm systems shall be permitted to be temporarily With the permission of the AHJ, the requirements of section supported by sets, platforms, or pedestals for temporary sets that are erected may be waived if the filming or broadcasting is taking place when for less than 180 days. the building, or portion there of, is closed to the public, with no live audience, The fire alarm panel shall be connected to an approved listed during the filming. central, proprietary, or remote station service, or a local alarm, that gives an Electrical. The existing buildingʼs electrical system shall not be used audible signal to a constantly attended location, such as a security post. to supplement lighting and power systems used by the production company Heat Detectors. Heat detectors required by this section shall be unless specifically approved and permitted by the AHJ. defined as a portable device as it is intended to be reinstalled when platforms Structural Loading. Sets, scenery, and other equipment shall not impact or sets are changed and after filming has been completed for the day. the structural integrity of existing buildings. Additional loads applied onto the Heat detectors shall be secured to standard electrical outlet boxes, building shall require approval from the AHJ. At the request of the AHJ, an which shall be permitted to be temporarily supported by sets, platforms, or engineering analysis from a licensed structural engineer shall be provided at pedestals. no cost to the AHJ Detectors shall not exceed 30 ft (9 m) on center spacing unless Fire Department Access. The parking or staging of production closer or as required by the manufacturerʼs installation instructions. equipment and vehicles on- and off-site shall be approved by the fire Wiring. Wiring for temporary sets that will be used for less than department. Fire department access shall be maintained at all times in 180 days shall be in accordance with Article 520 of NFPA 70, National accordance with this code. Electrical Code. Substantiation: Television production and motion picture filming is being 32.7 Production Locations. conducted throughout the country on a daily basis. This new Chapter 32 will General. Production locations shall meet the requirements of Sections work in conjunction with NFPA 140 to provide a minimum level of fire and 32.2 through 32.5 and 32.7, where applicable. life safety on the sets of these activities Vacant Buildings or Warehouses. The use of vacant buildings or Meeting Action: Accept in Principle in Part warehouses for a production location shall meet the requirements of , 1. Add new Chapter 32, Motion Picture and Television Production Studio and through Sounstages and Production Facilities to read as follows: Permits. Vacant buildings that are used for a production location shall require a filming permit in accordance with Section Buildings with Interior Sets. Interior sets and stages shall only be permitted to be constructed in sprinklered buildings. 1-60

61 Exiting The building shall have approved exiting and meet the appropriate exiting requirements for the intended use by the production company In all cases, an aisle along the interior perimeter of the building shall be maintained with a minimum width of 48 in. (1220 mm) and a minimum height of 7 ft (2.1 m) On-Site, Occupied Buildings. The filming or broadcasting onlocation or in occupied buildings shall be in accordance with through under the NFPA Extract Policy. This proposal will be forwarded to the appropriate technical committee for action. Comment on Affirmative SHAPIRO: According to my notes from the ROP meeting, the committee deleted Section , which deals with exclusions to sprinkler protection. This is not reflected in the ROP ballot text Exiting Exiting systems for occupied buildings shall not be obstructed by Log# 90 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept in Principle equipment, sets, or props. (Chapter 33 (New)) With the permission of the AHJ, the requirements of shall be waived if the filming or broadcasting is taking place when the building or portion thereof is closed to the public with no live audience during the filming Electrical. The existing buildingʼs electrical system shall not be used to supplement lighting and power systems used by the production company unless specifically approved and permitted by the AHJ Structural Loading Sets, scenery, and other equipment shall not impact the structural integrity of existing buildings Additional loads applied onto the building shall require approval from the AHJ At the request of the AHJ, an engineering analysis from a licensed structural engineer shall be provided at no cost to the AHJ Fire Department Access The parking or staging of production equipment and vehicles onand off-site shall be approved by the fire department Fire department access shall be maintained at all times in accordance with this Code. 2. Add Annex A.4.2.2, Ex. #1 from NFPA 140 into NFPA 1 UFC as proposed A to read: A This chapter recognizes that motion picture and television industry practices require sets to change constantly and that sets are temporary construction, not subject to building codes or standards. Solid ceilings that obstruct the stage sprinklers are flown (moved) in or out to permit special shooting angles or lighting requirements, often on a scene-byscene basis. With temporary walls and ceilings, it is impractical to install a sprinkler system in a constantly changing structure. Therefore, one or more of the following mitigation techniques should be used to compensate for the areas shielded from sprinkler spray by solid or hard ceilings or platforms: (1) Approved and listed heat detectors or smoke detectors can be installed beneath such solid, hard ceilings in excess of 600 ft 2 (56 m 2 ) in area and platforms in excess of 600 ft 2 (56 m 2 ) in area and 3 ft (0.9 m) in height. Detectors should be connected to an approved and listed central, proprietary, or remote station service, or a local alarm that provides an audible signal (i.e., bell, horn) at a constantly attended location. The detector system, including the alarm panel, is defined as a portable system as it is intended to be reinstalled when platforms or sets are changed. The detectors that are secured to standard outlet boxes and the listed fire alarm panels can be temporarily supported by sets, platforms, or pedestals. Spacing of detectors should be in accordance with the manufacturersʼ requirements. (2) The ceiling can be positioned to allow for the operation of the buildingʼs automatic fire sprinkler system after videotaping, filming, or broadcasting of Submitter : Scott W. Adams, Park City Fire Service District Recommendation: Add new text to read as follows: Chapter 33 Storage of Tires 32.1 Outside storage of tires General. Outside tire storage shall be in accordance with Section Individual piles. Tires shall be restricted to individual piles not exceeding 5,000 square feet (464.5 m2) of continuous area. Piles shall not exceed 50,000 cubic feet ( m3) in volume or 10 ft (3048 mm) in height Separation. A clear space of at least 40 ft ( mm) shall be provided between piles. The clear space shall not contain flammable or combustible material or vegetation. Tire storage shall not be located within 10 ft (3048 mm) of any property line or building and shall not exceed 6 feet (1829 mm) in height when within 20 ft (6096 mm) of any property line or building Emergency Response Plan. The operator of the scrap tire facility shall develop and maintain, at the facility, a copy of an Emergency Response Plan. Local fire protection agencies shall approve and retain a copy the Emergency Response Plan before a permit can be issued. The plan shall be revised as necessary to reflect changes in operations of the scrap tire facility or with additional requirements of the local fire authority. The local fire authority shall be notified in any changes to the Emergency Response Plan within 30 days of the revision Fire Control Measures. This section makes certain that measures are taken at each facility to minimize the risk of fire. These measures include: 1. Equipment to aid in the control of fires shall be provided and maintained at the facility at all times. At a minimum the following items shall be maintained on site and in working order; one 2A10BC fire extinguisher, one 2.5-gallon water extinguisher, one 10-ft long pike pole, one rigid rake, one round point shovel, and one square point shovel. One dry chemical fire extinguisher with a minimum rating of 4A:40BC shall be carried on each piece of fuel-powered equipment used to handle scrap tires. On-site personnel shall be trained in the use and function of this equipment to mitigate tire pile ignition. 2. An adequate water supply shall be available for use by the local fire authority. The water supply shall be capable of delivering at least 1,000 gallons per minute (gpm) for three hours in facilities with fewer than 10,000 scrap tires, or 2,000 gpm for three hours if the sum of altered or whole tires exceeds 10,000 waste tires in accordance to UFC Section The fire authority has the option to require additional tools and equipment for fire control and the protection of life and property. ANNEX NOTE: This may include the availability of earth moving equipment or other approved means of controlling a fire. programs has been completed for the day. (3) A fire watch should be provided when the set is not is use. (4) No combustible materials should be stored under any platforms. Consideration should be given to secure this covered area with screen wire or other materials that permit visual inspection and emergency access. (5) Approved or listed fire retardants can be applied beneath combustible platforms and on combustible, hard ceiling sets. Statement: The agrees with the submitterʼs recommendation to add a new chapter, but made revisions to the submitterʼs proposed language to format it to be consistent with the NFPA MOS. The revised the identified provisions in the recommendation as follows: 1. In proposed 32.5, fire safety officer was revised to become standby fire personnel because that is the terminology that is used in the Code, and no definition was provided for the submitterʼs proposed term. 2. In proposed , the revised the proposed word panels to portable fire alarm systems because that is the terminology that is used on the Code. 3. In proposed , the revised the proposed wording because the Code cannot permit one to not comply with the NEC. 4. In proposed , the revised the proposed wording since the AHJ always has the option of accepting a performance-based option. 5. In proposed , the word adequate is too vague and is not enforceable. 6. The added extract annex text from NFPA 140, since it provides additional useful information for AHJs when inspecting and regulating soundstages and approved production facilities used in motion picture and television industry productions. The technical provisions contained in this proposal are within the scope of the NFPA 140. The is 32.4 Facility Access and Security. This section mandates access to property for emergency vehicles, maintain security from unauthorized persons, and provide signage with a minimum amount of information. The measures identified in the regulation include: 1. Signs - at the facility entrance that gives the name of the operator, the operating hours, and site rules. 2. Attendant an attendant shall be present when the facility is open for business if the facility receives tires from a source other than the site operator. 3. Access A 40 ft wide access road to the facility must be maintained passable for emergency equipment at all times. Unauthorized access must be strictly controlled. 4. Fire lanes shall be kept free of flammable or combustible material and vegetation. 5. Access to fire lanes for emergency vehicles must be unobstructed at all times. 6. Open flames, blow torches, or highly flammable materials, including but not limited to tire inner tubes, are prohibited within 40 ft of a scrap tire pile. 7. Surface water drainage shall be directed around and away from the scrap tire storage facility. 8. Scrap tires shall not be stored on surfaces with more than a 10 percent grade that will interfere with firefighting equipment or personnel unless mitigation measures have been approved in writing by the fire authority. 9. Measures established by a fire protection engineer shall be subject to approval by the local fire authority. 10. Tire piles shall not be sited in any area where they may be subject to immersion in water during a 100 year storm unless the operator demonstrates that the facility will be designed and operated so as to prevent waste tires from migrating off-site. not permitted to change extracted text from another NFPA code or standard 1-61

62 11. Tires shall be removed from rims immediately upon arrival at the facility Piles of tires or altered tire material shall not be located beneath power 12. The site shall be designed and constructed to provide protection to bodies lines or structures. of water from run-off of pyrolytic oil resulting from a potential tire fire Outdoor Storage of Tire (rubber) Material. Outdoor storage of Piles of tires or altered tire material shall be at least 50 ft (15 m) from altered tires in the form of chunks, chips, or crumbs shall be protected by the the perimeter fence. following means: Provisions for surface water drainage and measures to provide 1. A ten foot fence shall be maintained around the material storage area. protection of pyrolitic oil runoff shall be directed around and away from the 2. Altered tire material piles shall be kept 50 ft from perimeter fencing. outdoor tire storage site to an approved location. 3. Ignition sources such as welding, smoking etc. shall not be allowed within 20 ft of the altered tire pile Tires shall be removed from rims immediately upon arrival at the 4. Rubber pile shall be rotated off-site every 90 days. storage site. 5. Altered tire material shall be kept sheltered from precipitation. Substantiation: Outdoor storage of tires and altered tire material poses a Tires shall not be stored on wetlands, flood plains, ravines, canyons, significant impact on the environment. California alone generates 33.3 million or steeply graded surfaces. tires annually. The volume of tire storage and disposal necessitates additional regulations to keep tire storage safe from all potential sources of ignition Individual Piles. Fires in tire storage facilities can quickly deplete local resources. Industry New Outside Tire Storage Sites and Piles. practices can help or hinder emergency response to these facilities. The proposed regulations would provide minimum requirements that will guide New individual outside tire storage piles containing more than 500 the waste tire industry in their daily business operations. tires shall be limited in volume to 125,000 ft 3 (3540 m 3 ). Whole tires can not spontaneously combust, however, auto-combustion in altered tire material (chips and crumb rubber) have been reported and The dimensions of new tire storage piles shall not exceed 10 ft (3 m) documented. The proposed regulations will ensure that these outdoor tire in height, 50 ft (15 m) in width, and 250 ft (75 m) in length. products are also protected Individual piles shall be separated in accordance with Table Meeting Action: Accept in Principle 1. Revise Table (a) in NFPA 1 UFC to read: Existing Individual Piles. Tire Storage 500 1,000 ft 3 (14 m 3 ) 2. Add a new Chapter 33 into NFPA 1 UFC on Outside Storage of Tires to read: 33.1* General. Chapter 33 Outside Storage of Tires Facilities storing more than 500 tires outside shall be in accordance with Chapter Permits. Permits, where required, shall comply with Fire department access roads to separate tire piles and for effective fire-fighting operations shall be in accordance with Table Separation of yard storage from buildings, vehicles, flammable materials, and other exposures shall be in accordance with Table Trees, plants, and vegetation within the separation areas shall be managed in accordance with Existing outside tire storage piles shall be in accordance with the provisions of within 5 years of the adoption of this Code Existing individual outside tire storage piles containing more than 500 tires shall be limited in volume to 250,000 ft 3 (7080 m 3 ) Existing pile dimensions shall not exceed 20 ft (6 m) in height, 50 ft (15 m) in width, and 250 ft (75 m) in length Individual piles shall be separated in accordance with Table Emergency Response Plan The operator of the outside tire storage facility shall develop an emergency response plan and submit it for approval by the AHJ The AHJ shall retain a copy of the approved emergency response plan The operator of the outside tire storage facility shall keep a copy of the approved emergency response plan at the facility The AHJ shall be immediately notified of and approve any proposed changes to the emergency response plan Fire Control Measures. Measures to aid in the control of fire shall be in accordance with Section Manual Fire-Fighting Equipment At a minimum, the following items shall be maintained on site and in working order: Exposed Face Dimension ft (m) 25 (7.6) 50 (15.2) 100 (30) 150 (46) 200 (61) 250 (76) Table Representative Minimum Exposure Separation Distances for Tire Storage Pile Height ft (m) (2.4) (3) (3.7) (4.3) (4.9) (17) 75 (19) 84 (20) 93 (22) 100 (23) 107 (23) 100 (26) 116 (28) 128 (30) 137 (33) 146 (30) 100 (35) 116 (39) 128 (42) 137 (44) 146 (30) 100 (35) 116 (39) 128 (42) 137 (44) 146 (30) 100 (35) 116 (39) 128 (42) 137 (44) 146 (30) (35) (39) (42) (44) 18 (5.5) 82 (25) 113 (34) 155 (47) 155 (47) 155 (47) 155 (47) 20 (6.1) 85 (26) 118 (36) 164 (50) 164 (50) 164 (50) 164 (50) Ignition Sources Smoking shall be prohibited within the tire storage area Sources of ignition such as cutting and welding, heating devices, and open fires shall be prohibited within the tire storage area Safeguards shall be provided to minimize the hazard of sparks from such equipment as refuse burners, boiler stacks, and vehicle exhaust when such hazards are located near the tire storage area. (1) One 2A:10BC fire extinguisher (2) One 2.5 gal (10 L) water extinguisher (3) One 10 ft (3 m) long pike pole (4) One rigid rake (5) One round point shovel (6) One square point shovel 1-62

63 One dry chemical fire extinguisher with a minimum rating of 4A: 40BC shall be carried on each piece of fuel-powered equipment used to handle scrap tires On-site personnel shall be trained in the use and function of this equipment to mitigate tire pile ignition An approved water supply capable of supplying the required fire flow to protect exposures and perform fire suppression and overhaul operations shall be provided * The AHJ shall be permitted to require additional tools and equipment for fire control and the protection of life and property Site Access Access to the site and each tire storage and pile shall be in accordance with Section 18.2 and this section Accesses shall be maintained clear of combustible waste or vegetation and shall remain accessible to the fire department at all times Signs and Security. Access by unauthorized persons and security of the site shall be in accordance with Section Signs bearing the name of the operator, the operating hours, emergency telephone numbers, and site rules shall be posted at site entrances The facility shall have noncombustible fencing at least 10 ft (3 m) high with intruder controls on top (in accordance with local laws) around the entire perimeter of the property Access Access to the facility shall be in accordance with Section An attendant shall be on site at all times when the site is open Outdoor Storage of Altered Tire Material. Outdoor storage of altered tire material in the form of chunks, chips, or crumbs shall be protected in accordance with through A 10 ft (3 m) fence shall be maintained around the altered tire material storage area Altered tire material piles shall be kept 50 ft (15 m) from perimeter fencing Potential ignition sources such as welding, smoking, or other open flame uses shall not be allowed within 20 ft (6 m) of the altered tire pile Individual altered tire material piles shall not be located on site in excess of 90 days * Individual altered tire material piles shall be kept sheltered from precipitation. 3. Add the following annex material to support the new Chapter 33. A.33.1 Outdoor Tire Pile Fire-Fighting Tactics and Strategy. The guidelines contained in this Annex are based on the collective experience of fire service professionals who have managed major scrap tire fires. They are presented as an adjunct to the strategic and tactical practices of an incident command system. Conventional fire suppression tactics are ineffective for scrap tire fires. Fire-fighting tactics and strategies for the suppression of fires in whole tires differ from those for processed tires. The unique shape of whole tires allows the storage of enough air to support combustion throughout the pile, and it is difficult to reach all burning surfaces. Because of such complications, tire fires can continue for weeks, and even months, despite aggressive fire suppression tactics. The foundation of fire suppression should be based on the data collected before a fire occurs. By establishing a pre-incident plan that uses a model incident command system, decisions regarding size-up, tactics, strategies, and overhaul can be resolved quickly. Familiarity with plans that have been successful in fighting tire fires throughout the country also aids in the decision-making process. Such decisions should be based on an understanding of the dynamics and behavior of a tire fire. Topography is a factor in determining the manner of tire fire tactics and environmental mediation. The environmental consequences of all suppression techniques should be evaluated carefully. Communication between the incident commander and the on-scene environmental specialist is critical. The following provide tactics and strategies for fighting whole tire and processed tire fires. (1) Tactics/Strategies for Whole Tire Fires. Important tactical considerations include protecting exposures, separating burning tires from the rest of the inventory, and forecasting. Forecasting for an effective location for separation should include arrival time of equipment and time necessary to develop the needed firebreak. Heavy equipment can be used to accomplish these tasks. Protection of exposures is an important tactical decision. The initial approach to a tire fire should be to isolate the tire inventory from the fire. Creating firebreaks in a large pile of scrap tire is a time-consuming process. However, it can be accomplished with heavy machinery and front-end loaders. Bulldozers, front-end loaders, and similar equipment can be used to move tires that are not yet involved in the fire to create breaks in the tire pile or to cover burning tires with soil. Equipment breakdowns scrap tires caught between the wheels, tracks, and undercarriage of heavy equipment have been reported. Firelines should be deployed to provide protection to operators and equipment alike. Recognized strategy options are as follows: (a) Let-It-Burn (Burn-It). Allowing a tire pile to burn has its merits. Factors that influence this decision include, but are not limited to, level of fire involvement, resources available, location of the fire, and environmental and economic impacts. Soil and water pollution, as well as clean-up costs, can be drastically reduced when many of the products of combustion are consumed. A precedent for the let-it-burn strategy appears in fire responses to chemical fires. The fire service is responsible for managing and controlling the burn process. Protecting exposures and separating tires from the burn area is a tactical priority. (b) Bury-It. The decision to bury a tire pile also has merits. Materials as diverse as the soil that is on site, cement kiln dust, sand, gravel, and even crushed coral have been employed to cover the burning material. The buryit strategy can be employed in areas that have a minimal water supply or in areas that are densely populated. The decision to bury a tire fire should take into consideration reduction of the toxic smoke for the sake of public health. Geological considerations play an important role in the bury-it strategy. While the tire fire is entombed, tires can pyrolize, and oil can be generated and released into the soil or underground water sources. (c) Drown-It. The drown-it strategy is best employed with forethought and careful preplanning. Familiarity with the topography, available water supply, and exposure hazards to aboveground water sources are critical. Planning for the control and containment facilitates this tactic. The drown-it strategy also has some drawbacks. Cooling the fire increases the air emissions as the combustion process is slowed down. An inordinate amount of water runoff combined with pyrolitic oil can result from the drown-it tactic. (2) Tactics/Strategies for Processed Tire Fires. Important tactical considerations include protecting exposures, separating burning tires from the rest of the inventory, and forecasting. Heavy equipment can be used to accomplish these tasks. To effectively combat a processed tire fire, a fogging of water or other fire retardant should be applied. Cooling the plane of fire should put the fire out. Using a mist also reduces the amount of water used and the subsequent runoff that can be generated. Under no circumstances should a processed tire pile be broken open or doused with streams of high-pressure water that are directed into the piles. Water actually increases the severity and duration of the fire by introducing oxygen into the pile and by breaking up the pile, causing a burst of flames that emits incompletely burned hydrocarbons and other contaminants to the atmosphere. Once the surface fire is put out, the cooled chips should be removed, allowing water or fire retardant to reach under layers that are hot and still burning. This process should be repeated until the chips are no longer smoldering or hot. (3) Ancillary Issues. Ancillary issues include fire dynamics, stages of combustion, size-up, and environmental concerns. Refer to Guidelines for the Prevention and Management of Scrap Tire Fires. A This can include but is not limited to the availability of earthmoving equipment or other approved means of controlling a fire. A Altered tire material piles have been known to spontaneously combust after a heavy precipitation. Investigators have considered anaerobic action and potential heat from oxidation of steel belts as the source of exothermic reaction. Add a referenced publication to Annex K as follows: Guidelines for the Prevention and Management of Scrap Tire Fires, International Association of Fire Chiefs, 4025 Fair Ridge Dr., Suite 300, Fairfax, VA Statement: The agrees with the submitterʼs substantiation and added a new Chapter 33 on outdoor storage of tires. 1-63

64 The protection requirements for the lower commodity class shall be permitted to be utilized in the area of lower commodity class, where the higher Comment on Affirmative hazard material is confined to a designated area and the area is protected to the BUSH: Paragraph of this proposed wording as generated by the higher hazard in accordance with the requirements of this Code. is not needed and should be eliminated. These requirements are noted in the next paragraph of the Code Pallet Types. SHAPIRO: According to my notes from the ROP meeting, the committee When loads are palletized, the use of wooden or metal pallets shall be revised the permit threshold from 1,000 ft3 to 500 tires, which would be assumed in the classification of commodities. consistent with This is not reflected in to the ROP ballot test. Also, should read Access to the site and each tire storage yard and pile to correctly reflect the committee action Log# CP25 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept (Chapter 34 (New)) Submitter : Technical on Uniform Fire Code Recommendation: 1. Add a new Chapter 34 to read as follows: 34.1 General. Chapter 34 General Storage Application. This chapter shall apply to the indoor and outdoor storage of materials representing the broad range of combustibles, including plastics, rubber tires, baled cotton, and roll paper Storage configurations shall include palletized storage, solid-piled storage, and storage in bin boxes, on shelves, or on racks This chapter shall not apply to the following: (1) Unsprinklered buildings, except the following: (a) Buildings containing baled cotton storage (b) Certain rack storage arrangements protected by high-expansion foam systems in accordance with this chapter (2) Storage of commodities that, with their packaging and storage aids, would be classified as noncombustible (3) Unpackaged bulk materials such as grain, coal, or similar commodities but excluding wood chips and sawdust, which are addressed in Chapter 31 (4) Inside or outside storage of commodities covered by this Code except where specifically mentioned herein (e.g., pyroxylin plastics) (5) Storage of high-hazard materials covered by this Code, except where specifically mentioned herein (6) Storage on plastic shelves on racks (7)* Miscellaneous tire storage Permits. Permits, where required, shall comply with Classification of Commodities Commodity classification and the corresponding protection requirements shall be determined based on the makeup of individual storage units (i.e., unit load, pallet load) When specific test data of commodity classification by a nationally recognized testing agency are available, the data shall be permitted to be used in determining classification of commodities Mixed Commodities Protection requirements shall not be based on the overall commodity mix in a fire area Unless the requirements of or are met, mixed commodity storage shall be protected by the requirements for the highest classified commodity and storage arrangement The protection requirements for the lower commodity class shall be permitted to be utilized where all of the following are met: (1) Up to 10 pallet loads of a higher hazard commodity, as described in and , shall be permitted to be present in an area not exceeding 40,000 ft 2 (3716 m 2 ). (2) The higher hazard commodity shall be randomly dispersed with no adjacent loads in any direction (including diagonally). (3) Where the ceiling protection is based on Class I or Class II commodities, the allowable number of pallet loads for Class IV or Group A plastics shall be reduced to five For Class I through Class IV, when unreinforced polypropylene or high-density polyethylene plastic pallets are used, the classification of the commodity unit shall be increased one class (e.g., Class III becomes Class IV and Class IV becomes cartoned unexpanded Group A plastics) For Class I through Class IV, when reinforced polypropylene or high-density polyethylene plastic pallets are used, the classification of the commodity unit shall be increased two classes (e.g., Class II becomes Class IV and Class III becomes cartoned unexpanded Group A plastic commodity) Reinforced polypropylene or reinforced high-density polyethylene plastic pallets shall be marked with a molded symbol to indicate that the pallet is reinforced For Class I through Class IV, when other than polypropylene or high-density polyethylene plastic pallets are used, the classification of the commodity unit shall be determined by specific testing conducted by a national testing laboratory or shall be increased two classes No increase in the commodity classification shall be required for Group A plastic commodities stored on plastic pallets For ceiling-only sprinkler protection, the requirements of and shall not apply where plastic pallets are used and where the sprinkler system uses spray sprinklers with a K-factor of The requirements of through shall not apply to nonwood pallets that have demonstrated a fire hazard that is equal to or less than wood pallets and are listed as such Commodity Classes Class I. A noncombustible product that meets one of the following criteria shall be classified as a Class I commodity: (1) Placed directly on wooden pallets (2) Placed in single-layer corrugated cartons, with or without singlethickness cardboard dividers, with or without pallets (3) Shrink-wrapped or paper-wrapped as a unit load with or without pallets Class II. A noncombustible product that is in slatted wooden crates, solid wood boxes, multiple-layered corrugated cartons, or equivalent combustible packaging material, with or without pallets shall be classified as a Class II commodity Class III A product fashioned from wood, paper, natural fibers, or Group C plastics with or without cartons, boxes, or crates and with or without pallets shall be classified as a Class III commodity A Class III commodity shall be permitted to contain a limited amount (5 percent by weight or volume or less) of Group A or Group B plastics Class IV A product, with or without pallets, that meets one of the following criteria shall be classified as a Class IV commodity: (1) Constructed partially or totally of Group B plastics (2) Consists of free-flowing Group A plastic materials (3) Contains within itself or its packaging an appreciable amount (5 percent to 15 percent by weight or 5 percent to 25 percent by volume) of Group A plastics The remaining materials shall be permitted to be metal, wood, paper, natural or synthetic fibers, or Group B or Group C plastics Classification of Plastics, Elastomers, and Rubber. Plastics, elastomers, and rubber shall be classified as Group A, Group B, or Group C plastics Group A. The following materials shall be classified as Group A:

65 (1) ABS (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer) The broad range of papers of characteristic gauzy texture, which, in (2) Acetal (polyformaldehyde) some cases, are fairly transparent shall be classified as tissue. (3) Acrylic (polymethyl methacrylate) For the purposes of this Code, tissue shall include the soft, absorbent type, regardless of basis weight; specifically, crepe wadding and (4) Butyl rubber the sanitary class including facial tissue, paper napkins, bathroom tissue, and toweling. (5) EPDM (ethylene-propylene rubber) 34.3 Building Construction. (6) RP (fiberglass-reinforced polyester) * Construction Type. Buildings used for storage of materials that are (7) Natural rubber (if expanded) stored and protected in accordance with this chapter shall be permitted to be of any of the types described in NFPA 220, Standard on Types of Building (8) Nitrile-rubber (acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber) Construction. (9) PET (thermoplastic polyester) (10) Polybutadiene (11) Polycarbonate (12) Polyester elastomer (13) Polyethylene (14) Polypropylene (15) Polystyrene (16) Polyurethane (17) PVC (polyvinyl chloride highly plasticized, with plasticizer content greater than 20 percent) (rarely found) (18) SAN (styrene acrylonitrile) (19) SBR (styrene-butadiene rubber) Group B. The following materials shall be classified as Group B: (1) Cellulosics (cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate butyrate, ethyl cellulose) (2) Chloroprene rubber (3) Fluoroplastics (ECTFE ethylene-chlorotrifluoro-ethylene copolymer; ETFE ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer; FEP fluorinated ethylene-propylene copolymer) (4) Natural rubber (not expanded) (5) Nylon (nylon 6, nylon 6/6) (6) Silicone rubber Group C. The following materials shall be classified as Group C: (1) Fluoroplastics (PCTFE polychlorotrifluoroethylene; PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene) (2) Melamine (melamine formaldehyde) (3) Phenolic (4) PVC (polyvinyl chloride flexible, PVCs with plasticizer content up to 20 percent) (5) PVDC (polyvinylidene chloride) (6) PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) (7) PVF (polyvinyl fluoride) (8) Urea (urea formaldehyde) * Classification of Rolled Paper Storage. For the purposes of this Code, the classifications of paper described in through shall apply and shall be used to determine the fire protection design criteria Heavyweight Class. Paperboard and paper stock having a basis weight [weight per 1000 ft 2 (92.9 m 2 )] of 20 lb (9.1 kg) or greater shall be classified as heavyweight Mediumweight Class. All the broad range of papers having a basis weight [weight per 1000 ft 2 (92.9 m 2 )] of 10 lb to 20 lb (4.5 kg to 9.1 kg) shall be classified as mediumweight Lightweight Class. All papers having a basis weight [weight per 1000 ft 2 (92.9 m 2 )] of less than 10 lb (4.5 kg) shall be classified as lightweight Tissue Fire-Fighting Access. Access shall be provided to all portions of the premises for fire-fighting purposes * Emergency Smoke and Heat Venting Protection outlined in this chapter shall apply to buildings with or without smoke and heat vents Protection outlined in this chapter shall apply to buildings with or without draft curtains Where local codes require smoke and heat vents in buildings protected by early suppression fast response (ESFR) sprinklers, the vents shall be manually operated or have an operating mechanism with a standard response fusible element rated not less than 360 F (182 C) Storage Arrangement * Piling Procedures and Precautions Any commodities that are hazardous in combination with each other shall be stored so they cannot come into contact with each other Safe floor loads shall not be exceeded Where storing water-absorbent commodities, normal floor loads shall be reduced to take into account the added weight of water that can be absorbed during fire-fighting operations Commodity Clearance The clearance between top of storage and sprinkler deflectors shall conform to NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems * If the commodity is stored above the lower chord of roof trusses, not less than 1 ft (0.3 m) of clear space shall be maintained to allow wetting of the truss, unless the truss is protected with 1-hour fireproofing Storage clearance from ducts shall be maintained in accordance with NFPA 91, Standard for Exhaust Systems for Air Conveying of Vapors, Gases, Mists, and Noncombustible Particulate Solids The clearance between stored materials and unit heaters, radiant space heaters, duct furnaces, and flues shall not be less than 3 ft (0.9 m) in all directions or shall be in accordance with the clearances shown on the approval agency label * Clearance shall be maintained to lights or light fixtures to prevent ignition Clearance shall be maintained around the path of fire door travel to ensure proper operation and inspection Operation and inspection clearance shall be maintained around fireextinguishing and fire protection equipment Aisles For the storage of commodities that expand with the absorption of water, such as roll paper, wall aisles not less than 24 in. (0.6 m) wide shall be provided Aisles shall be maintained to retard the transfer of fire from one pile to another and to allow convenient access for fire fighting, salvage, and removal of storage Flammable and Combustible Liquids Flammable or combustible liquids shall be kept in flammable liquid storage cabinets, in cutoff rooms, or in detached buildings Protection shall be in accordance with this Code and NFPA 30, Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code General Fire Protection. 1-65

66 34.5.1* Sprinkler Systems. Sprinkler systems installed in buildings used for Security Service. Security service, where provided, shall comply with storage shall be in accordance with NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of NFPA 601, Standard for Security Services in Fire Loss Prevention. Sprinkler Systems Building Equipment, Maintenance, and Operations High-Expansion Foam High-expansion foam systems installed in addition to automatic sprinklers shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 11, Standard for Low-, Medium-, and High-Expansion Foam, except where modified by other requirements in this chapter High-expansion foam used to protect idle pallets shall have a fill time of not more than 4 minutes High-expansion foam systems shall be automatic in operation Detectors for high-expansion foam systems shall be listed and shall be installed at the ceiling at not more than one-half the listed spacing in accordance with NFPA 72, National Fire Alarm Code Detection systems, concentrate pumps, generators, and other system components essential to the operation of the system shall have an approved standby power source Manual Protection Portable Fire Extinguishers Portable fire extinguishers shall be provided in accordance with NFPA 10, Standard for Portable Fire Extinguishers, unless applies Where 1 1/2 in. (38 mm) hose lines are available to reach all portions of areas with Class A fire loads, up to one-half of the portable fire extinguishers required by NFPA 10, Standard for Portable Fire Extinguishers, shall be permitted to be omitted Hydrants. At locations without public hydrants, or where hydrants are not within 250 ft (75 m), private hydrants shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 24, Standard for the Installation of Private Fire Service Mains and Their Appurtenances Fire Organization Arrangements shall be made to allow rapid entry into the premises by the municipal fire department, police department, or other authorized personnel in case of fire or other emergency * Due to the unique nature of storage fires and the hazards associated with fighting such fires, facility emergency personnel shall be trained to have knowledge of the following: (1) Pile and building collapse potential during fire-fighting and mop-up operations due to sprinkler water absorption, use of hose streams, and the undermining of piles by fire that is likely to cause material or piles to fall (especially roll tissue paper), resulting in injury (2) Operation of sprinkler systems and water supply equipment (3) Location of the controlling sprinkler valves so that the correct sprinkler system can be turned on or off as necessary (4) Correct operation of emergency smoke and heat vent systems where they have been provided (5) Use of material-handling equipment while sprinklers are operating to effect final extinguishment (6) Procedure for summoning outside aid immediately in an emergency (7) Maintenance of the security features of the premises (8) Operation of foam systems, evacuation procedures, and safety precautions during all foam operations A fire watch shall be maintained when the sprinkler system is not in service Alarm Service Automatic sprinkler systems and foam systems, where provided, shall have approved central station, auxiliary, remote station, or proprietary waterflow alarm service unless otherwise permitted by or Local waterflow alarm service shall be permitted when recorded guard service also is provided Local waterflow alarm service shall be permitted where the storage facilities are occupied on a 24-hour basis Alarm service shall comply with NFPA 72, National Fire Alarm Code Industrial Trucks Power-operated industrial trucks and their use shall comply with NFPA 505, Fire Safety Standard for Powered Industrial Trucks Including Type Designations, Areas of Use, Conversions, Maintenance, and Operation Industrial trucks using liquefied petroleum gas (LP-Gas) or liquid fuel shall be refueled outside of the storage building at a location designated for the purpose Building Service Equipment. Electrical equipment shall be installed in accordance with the provisions of NFPA 70, National Electrical Code Cutting and Welding Operations Where welding or cutting operations are necessary, the requirements of NFPA 51B, Standard for Fire Prevention During Welding, Cutting, and Other Hot Work, shall apply * Welding, soldering, brazing, and cutting shall be permitted to be performed on building components or contents that cannot be removed, provided that no storage is located below and within 25 ft (7.6 m) of the working area and flameproof tarpaulins enclose the area During any of the operations identified in , all of the following shall apply: (1) The sprinkler system shall be in service. (2) Extinguishers suitable for Class A fires with a minimum rating of 2A shall be located in the working area. (3) Where inside hose lines are available, charged and attended inside hose lines shall be located in the working area. (4) A fire watch shall be maintained during the operations specified in and for not less than 30 minutes following completion of open-flame operation Waste Disposal Approved containers for rubbish and other trash materials shall be provided Rubbish, trash, and other waste material shall be disposed of at regular intervals Smoking Smoking shall be prohibited except in locations designated as smoking areas Signs that read No Smoking shall be posted in prohibited areas * Maintenance and Inspection Fire walls, fire doors, and floors shall be maintained in functional condition at all times * All water-based fire protection systems and the water supplies shall be inspected, tested, and maintained in accordance with NFPA 25, Standard for the Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance of Water-Based Fire Protection Systems Refrigeration Systems. Refrigeration systems, if used, shall be in accordance with ASHRAE 15, Safety Code for Mechanical Refrigeration Lighting. Where metal halide lighting is installed, it shall be selected, installed, and maintained such that catastrophic failure of the bulb shall not ignite materials below Protection of Rack Storage * Application. Section 34.7 shall apply to the indoor storage of normal combustibles (Class I through Class IV) and plastics that are stored on racks Building Construction Fire protection of roof steel shall not be required when sprinkler systems are installed in accordance with NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems Fire protection of steel building columns and vertical rack members that support the building shall not be required when ceiling sprinklers and in-rack sprinklers are installed in accordance with NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems.

67 For sprinklered buildings with rack storage of over 15 ft (4.6 m) in 34.8 Protection of Rubber Tires. height and only ceiling sprinklers installed, steel building columns within the rack structure and vertical rack members that support the building shall * Application. have a fire resistance rating not less than 1 hour, unless the installation meets Section 34.8 shall apply to new facilities with indoor storage of the requirements of in NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of usable tires and to existing facilities being converted to the indoor storage of Sprinkler Systems. usable tires Storage Arrangement * Rack Structure. Rack configurations shall be approved * Rack Loading. Racks shall not be loaded beyond their design capacity * Aisle Widths Aisle widths and depth of racks shall be determined by materialhandling methods * The width of aisles shall be considered in the design of the protection system Aisle widths shall be maintained by either fixed rack structures or control in placement of portable racks Any decrease in aisle width shall require a review of the adequacy of the protection system General Fire Protection High-Expansion Foam * Where high-expansion foam systems are installed, they shall be automatic in operation and shall be in accordance with NFPA 11, Standard for Low-, Medium-, and High-Expansion Foam, except when modified by When high-expansion foam systems are used in combination with ceiling sprinklers, in-rack sprinklers shall not be required Detectors shall be listed and shall be installed in one of the following configurations: (1) At one-half listed linear spacing [e.g., 15 ft 15 ft (4.6 m 4.6 m) rather than 30 ft 30 ft (9.1 m 9.1 m)] when the following conditions exist: (a) (b) (c) Detectors are installed at the ceiling only. The clearance from the top of storage does not exceed 10 ft (3 m). The height of storage does not exceed 25 ft (7.6 m). (2) At the ceiling at listed spacing and on racks at alternate levels (3) Where listed for rack storage installation and installed in accordance with ceiling detector listing to provide response within 1 minute after ignition using an ignition source equivalent to that used in a rack storage testing program High-Expansion Foam Submergence The following requirements shall apply to storage of Class I, Class II, Class III, and Class IV commodities, as classified in Section 34.2, up to and including 25 ft (7.6 m) in height: (1)* When high-expansion foam systems are used without sprinklers, the submergence time shall be not more than 5 minutes for Class I, Class II, or Class III commodities. (2) When high-expansion foam systems are used without sprinklers, the submergence time shall be not more than 4 minutes for Class IV commodities. (3) When high-expansion foam systems are used in combination with ceiling sprinklers, the submergence time shall be not more than 7 minutes for Class I, Class II, or Class III commodities. (4) When high-expansion foam systems are used in combination with ceiling sprinklers, the submergence time shall be not more than 5 minutes for Class IV commodities The following requirements shall apply to storage of Class I, Class II, Class III, and Class IV commodities stored over 25 ft (7.6 m) high up to and including 35 ft (10.7 m) in height: (1) Ceiling sprinklers shall be used in combination with the highexpansion foam system. (2) The submergence time for the high-expansion foam shall be not more than 5 minutes for Class I, Class II, or Class III commodities. (3) The submergence time for the high-expansion foam shall be not more than 4 minutes for Class IV commodities Existing buildings storing rubber tires shall be exempted from complying with Section This section shall not apply to scrap tire storage Building Arrangement Steel Columns. Steel columns shall be protected as follows unless protected in accordance with of NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems: (1) For storage exceeding 15 ft to 20 ft (4.6 m to 6 m) in height, columns shall have 1-hour fireproofing. (2) For storage exceeding 20 ft (6 m) in height, columns shall have 2-hour fireproofing for the entire length of the column, including connections with other structural members Fire Walls Four-hour fire walls shall be provided between the tire warehouse and tire manufacturing areas Fire walls shall be designed in accordance with NFPA 221, Standard for Fire Walls and Fire Barrier Walls * Travel Distance to Exits. Travel distance to exits shall be in accordance with NFPA 101, Life Safety Code Storage Arrangement Piling Procedures * Piles that are not adjacent to or located along a wall shall be not more than 50 ft (15 m) in width Tires stored adjacent to or along one wall shall not extend more than 25 ft (7.6 m) from the wall Where tires are stored on-tread, the dimension of the pile in the direction of the wheel hole shall be not more than 50 ft (15 m) The width of the main aisles between piles shall be not less than 8 ft (2.4 m) Clearances Storage clearance from roof structures shall be not less than 18 in. (470 mm) in all directions A clearance of not less than 24 in. (610 mm) shall be maintained around the path of fire door travel unless a barricade is provided Where protection in accordance with this chapter is provided, stored tires shall be segregated from other combustible storage by aisles not less than 8 ft (2.4 m) wide Protection of Roll Paper Application. Section 34.9 shall apply to new facilities with indoor storage of roll paper, and to existing facilities being converted to the indoor storage of roll paper, except for the following types of roll paper: (1) Waxed paper (2) Synthetic paper (3) Palletized roll paper storage other than that stored on a single floor pallet or raised floor platform * Building Construction. The protection outlined in Section 34.9 shall apply to buildings with or without fireproofing or other modes of steel protection, unless modified by the requirements of Storage Arrangement. The floor load design shall take into account the added weight of water that could be absorbed by the commodity during fire-fighting operations Storage of Idle Pallets * General. Idle pallets shall be stored outside or in a separate building designated for pallet storage, unless permitted by Indoor Storage. Idle pallets shall be permitted to be stored in a building used for other storage or other purpose if the building is sprinklered in accordance with NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems.

68 * Outdoor Storage. Idle pallets stored outside shall be stored in (5) Tag paper in which 500 sheets 24 in. 36 in. (610 mm 914 mm) accordance with Table (a) and Table (b). equals 3000 ft 2 (278.7 m 2 ) per ream For the purposes of this Code, all basis weights are expressed in lb/1000 ft 2 (kg/92.9 m 2 ) of paper. To determine the basis weight per 1000 ft 2 (92.9 m 2 ) Table (a) Required Clearance Between Outside Idle Pallet for papers measured on a sheet of different area, the following formula should Storage and Other Yard Storage be applied: Pile Size Minimum Distance ft m Under 50 pallets pallets 30 9 Basis weight Over 200 pallets = basis weight 1000 measured area ft Table (b) Required Clearance Between Outside Idle Pallet Storage and Building Minimum Distance of Wall from Storage Wall Construction Under 50 Pallets 50 to 200 Pallets Over 200 Pallets ft m ft m ft m Masonry with no openings Masonry with wired glass in openings, outside sprinklers, and 1-hour doors Masonry with wired or plain glass, outside sprinklers, and 3/4-hour doors Wood or metal with outside sprinklers Wood, metal, or other Add the following as annex material to support the requirements for Chapter 34 A (7) The limitations on the type and size of storage are intended to identify those situations where tire storage is present in limited quantity and incidental to the main use of the building. Occupancies such as aircraft hangars, automobile dealers, repair garages, retail storage facilities, automotive and truck assembly plants, and mobile home assembly plants are types of facilities where miscellaneous tire storage could be present. The fire protection sprinkler design densities specified by NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, are adequate to provide protection for the storage heights indicated. Storage beyond these heights or areas presents hazards that are addressed by this Code and are outside the scope of NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems. A Paper classifications were derived from a series of large-scale and laboratory-type small-scale fire tests. However, not all paper in a class burns with exactly the same characteristics. Paper can be soft or hard, thick or thin, or heavy or light and can also be coated with various materials. The broad range of papers can be classified according to various properties. One important property is basis weight, which is defined as the weight of a sheet of paper of a specified area. Two broad categories of paper are recognized by industry, which are paper and paperboard. Paperboard normally has a basis weight of 20 lb (9 kg) or greater measured on a sheet 1000 ft 2 (92.9 m 2 ) in area. Stock with a basis weight less than 20 lb/1000 ft 2 (9.1 kg/92.9 m 2 ) is normally categorized as paper. The basis weight of paper is usually measured on a sheet 3000 ft 2 (278.7 m 2 ) in area. The basis weight of paper can also be measured on the total area of a ream of paper, which is normally the case for the following types of printing and writing papers: (1) Bond paper in which 500 sheets 17 in. 22 in. (432 mm 559 mm) equals 1300 ft 2 (120.8 m 2 ) per ream (2) Book paper in which 500 sheets 25 in. 38 in. (635 mm 965 mm) equals 3300 ft 2 (306.6 m 2 ) per ream (3) Index paper in which 500 sheets 25.5 in in. (648 mm 775 mm) equals 2700 ft 2 (250.8 m 2 ) per ream (4) Bristol paper in which 500 sheets 22.5 in. 35 in. (572 mm 889 mm) equals 2734 ft 2 (254 m 2 ) per ream For example, To determine the basis weight per 1000 ft 2 (92.9 m 2 ) of 16 lb (7.3 kg) bond paper, the formula is as follows: 16 lb 1300 ft lb 1000 = 1000 ft 2 2 Large- and small-scale fire tests indicate that the burning rate of paper varies with the basis weight. Heavyweight paper burns more slowly than lightweight paper. Full-scale roll paper fire tests were conducted with the following types of paper: (1) Linerboard of 42 lb/1000 ft 2 (19.1 kg/92.9 m 2 ) nominal basis weight (2) Newsprint of 10 lb/1000 ft 2 (4.5 kg/92.9 m 2 ) nominal basis weight (3) Tissue of 5 lb/1000 ft 2 (2.3 kg/92.9 m 2 ) nominal basis weight The rate of fire spread over the surface of the tissue rolls was extremely rapid in the full-scale fire tests. The rate of fire spread over the surface of the linerboard rolls was slower. Based on the overall results of these full-scale tests, along with additional data from small-scale testing of various paper grades, the broad range of papers was classified into three major categories as follows: (1) Heavyweight, which has a basis weight of 20 lb/1000 ft 2 (9.1 kg/ 92.9 m 2 ) or greater (2) Mediumweight, which has a basis weight of 10 lb to 20 lb/1000 ft 2 (4.5 kg to 9.1 kg/92.9 m 2 ) (3) Lightweight, which has a basis weight of less than 10 lb/1000 ft 2 (4.5 kg/92.9 m 2 ) and tissues regardless of basis weight The various types of papers normally found in each of the four major categories are illustrated in Table A A With protection installed in accordance with this Code, fire protection of overhead steel and steel columns might not be necessary. Consideration should be given to subdividing large area warehouses in order to reduce the amount of merchandise that could be affected by a single fire. Table A Paper Classification Heavyweight Mediumweight Lightweight Tissue Linerboards Bond and reproduction Carbonizing tissue Toilet tissue Corrugated medium board Vellum Cigarette Towel tissue Kraft roll wrappers Offset Fruit wrap Milk carton board Tablet Onion skin Folding carton board Computer Bristol board Envelope Tag Book Vellum bristol board Label Index Magazine Cupstock Pulp board Butcher Bag Newsprint (unwrapped) 1-68

69 Walls or partitions are recommended to be provided to separate the storage area from mercantile, manufacturing, or other occupancies to prevent the possibility of transmission of fire or smoke between the two occupancies. Door openings should be equipped with automatic-closing fire doors appropriate for the fire resistance rating of the wall or partition. A Since most of the fire tests were conducted without heat and smoke venting and draft curtains, protection specified in NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, was developed without their use. For guidance on smoke and heat venting, see NFPA 204, Standard for Smoke and Heat Venting. Smoke removal is important to manual fire fighting and overhaul. Vents through eave-line windows, doors, monitors, or gravity or mechanical exhaust systems facilitate smoke removal after control of the fire is achieved. Results of tests organized by the Fire Protection Research Foundation and the Retail on Group A plastics to study the interaction of sprinklers, vents, and draft curtains indicate that the impact of automatic vents on sprinkler performance is neutral when automatic sprinkler discharge is adequate for the hazard and that draft curtains are potentially negative. Test results show that the placement of sprinklers and the thermal sensitivity of sprinklers and vents should be considered. Care should be exercised in the placement of draft curtains. Where required to be installed, draft curtains should be aligned where possible with aisles or other clear spaces in storage areas. Draft curtains where positioned over storage could adversely affect sprinkler operations. The number of operating sprinklers increased and led to a fire that consumed more commodity compared to other tests with fires ignited away from the draft curtains. A Commodities that are particularly susceptible to water damage should be stored on skids, dunnage, pallets, or elevated platforms in order to maintain at least 4 in. (100 mm) clearance from the floor. A Protection for exposed steel structural roof members could be needed and should be provided as indicated by the authority having jurisdiction. A Incandescent light fixtures should have shades or guards to prevent the ignition of commodity from hot bulbs where possibility of contact with storage exists. A Wet systems are recommended for storage occupancies. Dry systems are permitted only where it is impractical to provide heat. Preaction systems should be considered for storage occupancies that are unheated, particularly where in-rack sprinklers are installed or for those occupancies that are highly susceptible to water damage. A See Annex M and Annex N. A The use of welding, cutting, soldering, or brazing torches in the storage areas introduces a severe fire hazard and, when possible, should be relocated to a designated area. The use of mechanical fastenings and mechanical saws or cutting wheels is recommended. A Periodic inspections of all fire protection equipment should be made in conjunction with regular inspections of the premises. Unsatisfactory conditions should be reported immediately and necessary corrective measures taken promptly. A All fire-fighting and safety personnel should realize the great danger in shutting off sprinklers once opened by heat from fire. Shutting off sprinklers to locate fire could cause a disaster. Ventilation, use of smoke masks, smoke removal equipment, and removal of material are safer. (See NFPA 1620, Recommended Practice for Pre-Incident Planning, for additional information.) Sprinkler water should be shut off only after the fire is extinguished or completely under the control of hose streams. Even then, rekindling is a possibility. To be ready for prompt valve reopening if fire rekindles, a person stationed at the valve, a fire watch, and dependable communications between them are needed until automatic sprinkler protection is restored. Prefire emergency planning is important and should be done by management and fire protection personnel, and the action to be taken discussed and correlated with the local fire department personnel. The critical time during any fire is in the incipient stage, and the action taken by fire protection personnel upon notification of fire can allow the fire to be contained in its early stages. Pre-emergency planning should incorporate the following: (1) Availability of hand fire-fighting equipment for the height and type of commodity involved (2) Availability of fire-fighting equipment and personnel trained for the type of storage arrangement involved (3) Assurance that all automatic fire protection equipment, such as sprinkler systems, water supplies, fire pumps, and hand hose, is in service at all times 1-69 Sprinkler protection installed as required in this Code is expected to protect the building occupancy without supplemental fire department activity. Fires that occur in rack storage occupancies protected in accordance with this Code are likely to be controlled within the limits outlined in Annex K, since no significant building damage is expected. Fire department activity can, however, minimize the extent of loss. The first fire department pumper arriving at a rack storage type fire should connect immediately to the sprinkler systemʼs fire department connection and start pumping operation. In the test series for storage up to 25 ft (7.6 m), the average time from ignition to smoke obscuration in the test building was about 13 minutes. The first sprinkler operating time in these same fires averaged about 3 minutes. Considering response time for the waterflow device to transmit a waterflow signal, approximately 9 minutes remains between the time of receipt of a waterflow alarm signal at fire department headquarters and the time of smoke obscuration within the building as an overall average. In the test series for storage over 25 ft (7.6 m), the visibility time was extended. If the fire department facility emergency personnel arrive at the building in time to have sufficient visibility to locate the fire, suppression activities with small hose lines should be started. (Self-contained breathing apparatus is recommended.) If, on the other hand, the fire is not readily visible, hose should be laid to exterior doors or exterior openings in the building and charged lines provided to these points, ready for ultimate mopup operations. Manual fire-fighting operations in such a warehouse should not be considered a substitute for sprinkler protection. Important: The sprinkler system should be kept in operation during manual fire-fighting and mop-up operations. During the testing program, the installed automatic extinguishing system was capable of controlling the fire and reducing all temperatures to ambient within 30 minutes of ignition. Ventilation operations and mop-up were not started until this point. The use of smoke removal equipment is important. Smoke removal capability should be provided. Examples of smoke removal equipment include the following: (1) Mechanical air-handling systems (2) Powered exhaust fans (3) Roof-mounted gravity vents (4) Perimeter gravity vents Whichever system is selected, it should be designed for manual actuation by the fire department, thus allowing personnel to coordinate the smoke removal (ventilation) with mop-up operations. See also NFPA 600, Standard on Industrial Fire Brigades, and Annex M and Annex N in this Code. A Annex K provides an explanation of rack storage test data and procedures. A Rack storage as referred to in this Code contains commodities in a rack structure, usually steel. Many variations of dimensions are found. Racks can be single-row, double-row, or multiple-row, with or without solid shelves. The standard commodity used in most of the tests was 42 in. (1.07 m) on a side. The types of racks covered in this Code are as follows: (1) Double-row racks, in which pallets rest on two beams parallel to the aisle. Any number of pallets can be supported by one pair of beams. [See Figure A (a) through Figure A (d).] (2) Automatic storage-type rack, in which the pallet is supported by two rails running perpendicular to the aisle. [See Figure A (e).] (3) Multiple-row racks more than two pallets deep, measured aisle to aisle, which include drive-in racks, drive-through racks, flow-through racks, and portable racks arranged in the same manner, and conventional or automatic racks with aisles less than 42 in (1.07 m) wide. [See Figure A (f) through Figure A (j).] (4) Movable racks, which are racks on fixed rails or guides. They can be moved back and forth only in a horizontal two-dimensional plane. A moving aisle is created as abutting racks are either loaded or unloaded, then moved across the aisle to abut other racks. [See Figure A (k).] (5) Solid shelving, which are conventional pallet racks with plywood shelves on the shelf beams [see Figure A (c) and Figure A (d)]. These are used in special cases. (6) Cantilever rack, in which the load is supported on arms that extend horizontally from columns. The load can rest on the arms or on the shelves supported by the arms. [See Figure A (l).] Load depth in conventional or automatic racks should be considered a nominal 4 ft (1.22 m). [See Figure A (b).]

70 T FIGURE A (a) Conventional Pallet Rack. F B A G T Shelf depth Shelf height Storage height Commodity Legend Rack depth Longitudinal flue space Transverse flue space FIGURE A (c) Double-Row Racks with Solid Shelves. E L F H A Load depth B Load width E Storage height F Commodity Legend G Pallet H Rack depth L Longitudinal flue space T Transverse flue space B E FIGURE A (b) Double-Row Racks Without Solid or Slatted Shelves. T A L H A A Shelf depth B Shelf height E Storage height F Commodity Legend H Rack depth L Longitudinal flue space T Transverse flue space FIGURE A (d) Double-Row Racks with Slatted Shelves. 1-70

71 T T T T FIGURE A (e) Automatic Storage-Type Rack. T FIGURE A (g) Flow-Through Pallet Rack. L T T End L Longitudinal flue space T T FIGURE A (f) Multiple-Row Rack to be Served by a Reach Truck. T FIGURE A (h) Drive-in Rack Two or More Pallets Deep (Fork Truck Drives into the Rack to Deposit and Withdraw Loads in the Depth of the Rack). 1-71

72 FIGURE A (i) Flow-Through Rack. FIGURE A (j) Portable Racks. FIGURE A (l) Cantilever Rack. L T L T FIGURE A (k) Movable Rack. T A Fixed rack structures should be designed to facilitate removal or repair of damaged sections without resorting to flame cutting or welding in the storage area. Where sprinklers are to be installed in racks, rack design should anticipate the additional clearances necessary to facilitate installation of sprinklers. The rack structure should be anchored to prevent damage to sprinkler lines and supply piping in racks. Rack structures should be designed for seismic conditions in areas where seismic resistance of building structure is required. A Storage in aisles can render protection ineffective and should be discouraged. A See Chapter 12 of NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems. A Detection systems, concentrate pumps, generators, and other system components essential to the operation of the system should have an approved standby power source. A (1) Where high-expansion foam is contemplated as the protection media, consideration should be given to possible damage to the commodity from soaking and corrosion. Consideration also should be given to the problems associated with removal of foam after discharge. A Illustrations of some, but not necessarily all, tire storage arrangements are shown in Figure A (a) through Figure A (g). 1-72

73 FIGURE A (a) Typical Open Portable Rack Unit. FIGURE A (d) Double-Row Fixed Rack Tire Storage. FIGURE A (b) Typical Palletized Portable Rack Units. FIGURE A (e) Palletized Portable Rack On-side Tire Storage Arrangement (Banded or Unbanded). 68 in. (1.7 m) typical FIGURE A (c) Open Portable Tire Rack. FIGURE A (f) On-tread, On-floor Tire Storage Arrangement (Normally Banded). 1-73

74 which a fire can grow and expand to other dry or partially wet areas. This process of jumping to other dry, closely located, parallel, combustible surfaces continues until the fire bursts through the top of the stack. Once this happens, very little water is able to reach the base of the fire. The only practical method of stopping a fire in a large concentration of pallets with ceiling sprinklers is by means of prewetting. In high stacks, prewetting cannot be done without abnormally high water supplies. The storage of idle pallets should not be permitted in an unsprinklered warehouse containing other storage. FIGURE A (g) Typical Laced Tire Storage. A NFPA 101, Life Safety Code, accurately reflects the travel distance requirements as follows: (1) Tire storage is classified as ordinary hazard. (2) Tire fires begin burning slowly. In combination with an acceptable automatic sprinkler system, this slower burning allows time for egress. (3) Tire storage warehouses have a low occupant load. (4) Large aisle widths [8 ft (2.4 m) minimum] required in of this Code facilitate egress. A Limiting the pile length is not intended. (See Figure A ) FIGURE A Typical Tire Piling Arrangement. A With protection installed in accordance with this Code, fire protection of overhead steel and steel columns is not necessary. However, some lightweight beams and joists can distort and necessitate replacement, particularly following fires involving plastic-wrapped rolls stored 20 ft (6.1 m) and higher. A Idle pallet storage introduces a severe fire condition. Stacking idle pallets in piles is the best arrangement of combustibles to promote rapid spread of fire, heat release, and complete combustion. After pallets are used for a short time in warehouses, they dry out and edges become frayed and splintered. In this condition they are subject to easy ignition from a small ignition source. Again, high piling increases considerably both the challenge to sprinklers and the probability of involving a large number of pallets when fire occurs. Therefore storing idle pallets outdoors where possible is preferable. A fire in idle plastic or wooden pallets is one of the greatest challenges to sprinklers. The undersides of the pallets create a dry area on 1-74 A The practice that some materials are stored on pallets in an open yard is recognized. Since stacks of idle pallets present a severe fire problem, attention needs to be paid to the storage arrangements of the pallets. Manual outside open sprinklers generally are not a reliable means of protection unless property is attended to at all times by plant emergency personnel. Open sprinklers with a deluge valve are preferred. 2. Add the following references to Chapter 2. NFPA 601, Standard for Security Services in Fire Loss Prevention, 2000 edition. ASHRAE Publication. American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers, Inc., 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA ASHRAE 15, Safety Code for Mechanical Refrigeration, Move Annex B of NFPA 230, Protection of Outdoor Storage, to become Annex J in NFPA 1 UFC. 4. Move Annex C of NFPA 230, Explanation of Rack Storage Test Data and Procedures, to become Annex K in NFPA 1 UFC. 5. Move Annex E of NFPA 230, Recommendations for Fighting Rubber Tire Fires in Sprinklered Buildings, to become Annex M in NFPA 1 UFC. 6. Move Annex F of NFPA 230, Guidelines for Outdoor Storage of Scrap Tires, to become Annex N in NFPA 1 UFC. 7. Move Annex G of NFPA 230, Informational References, to be combined into existing Annex J in NFPA 1 UFC and renamed Annex O. Substantiation: The Uniform Fire Code has been given responsibility for NFPA 230, Standard for the Fire Protection of Storage, and is integrating the material into NFPA 1 UFC and withdrawing NFPA 230. This proposed chapter contains all the material from NFPA 230 and its Annex A, except for Chapter 11 on storage of forest products which was moved to Chapter 31. Meeting Action: Accept Log# 146 UFC-AAA Final Action: Reject ( ) Submitter : Bill Murphy, Santa Fe Springs Fire Department Recommendation: Add new text to read as follows: Aboveground tanks shall be permitted to be installed in vaults that meet the requirements of this subsection as allowed by the AHJ. Substantiation: Aboveground tanks installed in vaults carry a high risk of vapor exposure, and are regulated the same as below ground vaults in 23 CCR. Per 23 CCR, an exemption is permissible, yet based solely on a confined space entry permit system for required daily inspections. Statement: The technical provisions contained in this proposal are within the scope of the NFPA 30A. The existing text is extracted from NFPA 30A. The is not permitted to change extracted text from another NFPA code or standard under the NFPA Extract Policy. This proposal will be forwarded to the appropriate technical committee for action Log# 66 UFC-AAA Final Action: Reject ( (New) ) Recommendation: Add a new section to read: The aggregate area of spray booths in a building shall not exceed the lesser of 10 percent of the area of any floor of a building or the basic area allowed for a High Hazard Level 2 contents without area increases, as set forth in the building code. The area of an individual spray booth in a building shall not exceed the lesser of the aggregate size limit or 1,500 square feet (139 m 2 ). Exception: One individual booth not exceeding 500 square feet (46 m 2 ).

75 Substantiation: This fire code amendment will mirror the requirements of vessels having an aggregate capacity exceeding 100 gallons shall be provided the Uniform Fire Code, 2000 Edition. This will allow the installation of a with spill control to prevent the flow of liquids to adjoining areas. spray booth within a facility without changing the overall occupancy Substantiation: The change is to protect the public, employees, and fire classification of that building. fighters from free flowing electrolyte from unusual circumstances such as fire causing multiple vessel rupture, seismic damage and intentional release Statement: The Code does not limit the size of spray booths by terrorist activity. The Uniform Fire Code has these requested amounts in within any given or specific occupancy. The technical provisions contained in current editions. this proposal are within the scope of the NFPA 33. Further, this is not permitted to change extracted text from another NFPA code Statement: No technical substantiation was provided by the or standard under the NFPA Extract Policy. This proposal will be forwarded submitter to change the limits for batteries from the limits for hazardous to the appropriate technical committee for action. materials in other uses Log# 67 UFC-AAA Final Action: Reject ( (New) ) Recommendation: Add a new section to read: Limited Spraying Spaces. Limited spraying spaces shall comply with Sections through Job Size. The aggregate surface area to be sprayed shall not exceed 9 square ft (0.84 m 2 ) Frequency. Spraying operations shall not be of a continuous nature Ventilation. Positive mechanical ventilation providing a minimum of six complete air changes per hour shall be installed. Such system shall meet the requirements of this code for handling flammable vapors. Explosion venting is not required Electrical Wiring. Electrical wiring within 10 ft (3048 mm) of the floor and 20 ft (6096 mm) horizontally of the limited spraying space shall be designed for Class I, Division 2 locations in accordance with the Electrical Code. Substantiation: The concept of a limited spraying area is not addressed in the 2003 Edition of NFPA 1-UFC. This fire code amendment will mirror the requirements of the Uniform Fire Code, 2000 Edition. Statement: The technical provisions contained in this proposal are within the scope of the NFPA 33. The existing text is extracted from NFPA 33. The is not permitted to change extracted text from another NFPA code or standard under the NFPA Extract Policy. This proposal will be forwarded to the appropriate technical committee for action Log# 174 UFC-AAA Final Action: Reject ( ) Submitter : Robert Fash, Las Vegas Fire & Rescue Recommendation: Add new section as follows: A manual actuation device shall be located a minimum of 10 feet (3.05 m) and a maximum of 20 feet (6.1 m) from the protected kitchen appliance(s) within the path of egress The manual actuation shall require a maximum force of 40 pounds (178 N) and a maximum movement of 14 inches (356 mm) to actuate the fire suppression system. Substantiation: Previous editions of the Uniform Fire Code, 1997 and 2000 Editions, outlined requirements for the location and maximum force required to manually activate a hood suppression system. This proposal will supplement Section Without this requirement, manual activation devices may be places to far for kitchen employees to quickly react to a fire event involving kitchen appliance. This new proposal will also limit the maximum force required to manually activate a pull cable, for example. Statement: The technical provisions contained in this proposal are within the scope of the NFPA 96. The existing text is extracted from NFPA 96. The is not permitted to change extracted text from another NFPA code or standard under the NFPA Extract Policy. This proposal will be forwarded to the appropriate technical committee for action Log# 91 UFC-AAA Final Action: Reject ( ) Submitter : Scott W. Adams, Park City Fire Service District / Rep. UFCA/ WFCA Recommendation: Add new text to read as follows: Rooms, buildings, or areas containing free-flowing liquid electrolyte in individual vessels having a capacity of more than 50 gallons or multiple Log# 139 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept (53.7) Submitter : Jeffrey M. Shapiro, International Code Consultants / Rep. International Institute of Ammonia Refrigeration Recommendation: Delete the existing section and substitute the following: 53.7 Emergency pressure control system. Refrigeration systems containing more than 6.6 pounds (3 kg) of flammable, toxic or highly toxic refrigerant or ammonia shall be provided with an emergency pressure control system in accordance with Sections and Automatic crossover valves. Each high and intermediate pressure zone in a refrigeration system shall be provided with a single automatic valve providing a crossover connection to a lower pressure zone. Automatic crossover valves shall comply with Sections through Over-pressure limit set point. Automatic crossover valves shall be arranged to automatically relieve excess system pressure to a lower pressure zone if the pressure in a high or intermediate pressure zone rises to within 15 psi of the set point for emergency pressure-relief devices Manual operation. When required by the code official, automatic crossover valves shall be capable of manual operation System design pressure. Refrigeration system zones that are connected to a higher pressure zone by an automatic crossover valve shall be designed to safely contain the maximum pressure that can be achieved by interconnection of the two zones Automatic emergency stop Operation of an automatic crossover valve. Operation of an automatic crossover valve shall cause all compressors on the affected system to immediately stop. Dedicated pressure-sensing devices located immediately adjacent to crossover valves shall be permitted as a means for determining operation of a valve. To ensure that the automatic crossover valve system provides a redundant means of stopping compressors in an over-pressure condition, high-pressure cut-out sensors associated with compressors shall not be used as a basis for determining operation of a crossover valve Over-pressure in low pressure zone. The lowest pressure zone in a refrigeration system shall be provided with a dedicated means of determining a rise in system pressure to within 15 psi of the set point for emergency pressure-relief devices. Activation of the over-pressure sensing device shall cause all compressors on the affected system to immediately stop. Substantiation: Enhancements in refrigeration system control equipment associated with new technologies now make it possible to provide an automatic emergency control system to replace key functions of the traditional emergency control box. The proposed automatic controls will provide a means of mitigating an over-pressure condition prior to operation of emergency pressure-relief vents and, most likely, prior to the arrival of emergency responders. The automatic valves also eliminate the need for emergency responders to decipher the condition of a system in an attempt to determine whether operation of manual crossover valves in an emergency control box would be of benefit in mitigating a system malfunction. The proposal also provides a code requirement to ensure that lower pressure zones will be capable of handling additional pressure added by a crossover condition without over-pressurizing or operating the emergency relief vents on the lower zone. Current and prior codes do not address this concern, given the assumption that someone operating a manual bypass valve in the emergency control box would be knowledgeable with regard to system limitations; however, this may or may not be true. Nevertheless, the code has never required the low pressure side of the system to handle the high side pressure, and thereby, some systems with emergency control boxes could present the potential for an emergency responder to over-pressurize a system zone by fully opening a manual crossover valve too quickly. The resulting overpressure condition could cause operation of a relief vent or even a failure in the piping system. Overall, the proposal adds a requirement for a fully redundant safety control system in lieu of a manual system that has proven itself to be rarely, if ever, utilized by the fire service. This would favorably resolve long-standing concerns regarding the potential for harm caused by an untrained person operating valves in an emergency control box. There is no condition where removal of refrigerant from a refrigeration system by the fire service is considered advisable. In contrast, automatic transfer of excess pressure to another zone of the system in conjunction with stopping the pressure source (compressors) can safely mitigate an over-pressure condition.

76 In the unlikely event that a fire causes the over-pressure condition, allowing system zones to automatically interconnect creates a much larger heat sink to limit pressure build-up while safely containing refrigerant. If the exposure Explanation of Abstention: SHAPIRO: Affects client interests beyond the scope of the committee appointment. fire continues to grow, emergency relief vents can protect the refrigeration system and automatic re-seating valves can automatically limit the release of refrigerant to the amount necessary to maintain the system within design limits. In contrast, an emergency responder would not normally know how to Log# CP22 UFC-AAA (60.1.2, A (New)) Final Action: Accept properly cycle a manual valve in an emergency control box to limit the release of refrigerant to the minimum amount necessary for safety. Key points regarding specific sections of the proposal are as follows: 53.7: The 6.6 pound threshold parallels existing provisions found in other model codes : The requirement for a single crossover valve between systems is based on the traditional industry practice of providing a single manual crossover valve in the emergency control box : The 15 psi differential between operation of the crossover valve and the emergency relief vent is intended to permit the over-pressure condition to be mitigated prior to operation of the emergency relief vent. This is likely to have a dramatic impact on reducing fugitive discharges from refrigeration systems during both day-to-day operations and emergency conditions : The provision permits the local code official to require manual control capabilities for the crossover valve. Although this is not regarded as necessary by the proponent, it is recognized that some fire departments will be reluctant to give up manual controls. Submitter : Technical on Uniform Fire Code Recommendation: Add a new annex A to read: A Not all of the hazardous materials categories are placed into the High Hazard category, and some of these materials (contents) have been recognized as being of Low or Ordinary hazards depending on their nature in a fire. Class IIIB Combustible Liquids, Class 1 Unstable (Reactive) materials, Class 1 Water Reactive materials, Class 1 Oxidizing solids and liquids, and Class IV and V Organic Peroxides are High Hazard Materials, which in some cases do not have a maximum allowable quantity (MAQ) and therefore are not required to comply with the requirements for Protection Levels 1 through 5. Some materials, though classified as High Hazard such as Aerosols, are exempt from the requirements of Chapter 60, as they are regulated elsewhere in the Code. For additional exceptions, see Section Figure A helps to illustrate the conditions under which the protection level requirements are applicable : The intent is for the automatic crossover system to have a fully redundant means of stopping compressors. Compressors are ordinarily provided with automatic high-pressure cutout controls, but this section will require that these controls not be used to satisfy the new code requirement. An additional set of control will be required to serve as back-up means of preventing a severe over-pressure condition that could cause operation of an emergency relief vent : The lowest pressure zone of a system cannot be arranged to bleed pressure to another system zone since crossing the lowest pressure zone to a higher pressure zone would most likely result in reverse flow. However, by providing a redundant emergency stop control, which would disengage the compressor, an over-pressure condition should be automatically mitigated. Over-pressure on a low-pressure zone would most likely result from a defrost line from the high side that is stuck in the open position, and stopping the compressor will disengage the pressure source for the defrost system. Note that compressors will only cutout if an over-pressure condition occurs. If the emergency condition involves a leak on the low side, compressors will continue to operate, which is beneficial in pumping down the low side for this type of event. Meeting Action: Accept Ballot Results: Affirmative: 28 Abstain: 1 Explanation of Abstention: SHAPIRO: Affects client interests beyond the scope of the committee appointment Log# 147 UFC-AAA Final Action: Reject ( ) Submitter : Bill Murphy, Santa Fe Springs Fire Department Recommendation: Delete entire section. Substantiation: This section appears unnecessary in view of and the referral to Statement: The believes that this proposal would eliminate the option to use ventilation and is in conflict with ASHRE 15, Section Ballot Results: Affirmative: 28 Abstain: 1 Explanation of Abstention: SHAPIRO: Affects client interests beyond the scope of the committee appointment Log# 148 UFC-AAA Final Action: Reject ( ) Submitter : Bill Murphy, Santa Fe Springs Fire Department Recommendation: Revise text to read as follows: (2) For ammonia, at a concentration not exceeding 1000 parts per million above 50 ppm. Substantiation: 1000 ppm is excessively high and hazardous, in view of the IDLH for ammonia at 300 ppm per the NIOSH pocket guide. Statement: There is no scientific or other reason for the 50 ppm proposed. The believes that this conflicts with ASHRE 15, Section Ballot Results: Affirmative: 28 Abstain: Substantiation: The added useful annex material to provide guidance to Code users for a concept that is not well understood. The is coordinating with the wording of NFPA 5000 proposal (Log CP #1607). Meeting Action: Accept Comment on Affirmative SHAPIRO: This proposal should be tagged to pick-up any changes made to the source material in NFPA 5000, as it is anticipated that the source material may change in the ROC process.

77 site storage. Where is the problem that NFPA 5000 is protecting us against? I Log# 16 UFC-AAA Final Action: Reject know, it is another gut call of a Technical membership versus ( ) looking at the need, evaluating the history and evaluating the potential risk of Submitter : Tom Bulow, T. Bulow & Associates Recommendation: Add to , Exception (10) Emergency/ stand-by power generator fuel supply for healthcare facilities regulated under NFPA 37, NFPA 110, or NFPA 99. (See NFPA through , and NFPA , and NFPA ). Add to , Exception (11) Fuel Supply for heating or health care not having a reliable fuel source and an adequate amount to run our hospitals under emergency condition for an extended period of time. Coordinating with NFPA 5000 is an admirable goal when it makes sense however, three other NFPA documents that have been in print for much longer than NFPA 5000 state there is no problem with the quantities listed in these proposals. How about we side with three other NFPA standards and let NFPA 5000 get in line with us? facilities regulated under NFPA 31, or NFPA 99. (See NFPA 31, Standard for the Installation of Oil-Burning Equipment, and NFPA ). Substantiation: The Table (a) was extracted from the 2002 edition of Log# 112 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept in Principle NFPA 5000, Building Code. That document addresses new buildings. NFPA 1 ( through ) addresses existing building conditions and as currently written does not recognize existing conditions in healthcare facilities where oil-burning equipment is and has functioned safely for many years. Under emergency conditions such as floods, hurricanes, tornados, blizzards, mudslides, earthquakes, wildfires, and other natural and man-caused events these facilities are required to sustain operation of essential building systems including heating and emergency power equipment under conditions set forth in NFPA , , NFPA 31, through One example of the fuel supply requirements for sustained operation of such a facility is that a 1000 kw diesel generator consumes approximately 57 gallons of fuel per hour. In 24 hours this equipment will consume 1368 gallons of fuel, beyond the currently regulated maximum allowable storage level as stated in NFPA To provide patient comfort and safety during emergency/disaster conditions and meet the standards stated above adequate fuel storage is a necessary requirement for these facilities. Conditions of lack of property in many cases does not allow for the addition of exterior tank installation, particularly in urban locations, and, the existing condition of enclosed tanks in health care facilities, where properly installed and maintained, has not produced a measurable history of property or personal incident. It is imperative that this proposal be given serious consideration and adoption. Statement: The Uniform Fire Code is trying to maintain consistency with NFPA 5000 in this area. These requirements will need to be further correlated with NFPA 5000 at the comment stage. The existing text is coordinated with NFPA 5000 for the regulation of hazardous materials and the 5000 BLD-IND TC rejected similar proposals. This proposed change to NFPA 1 UFC is similar to that proposed to NFPA 5000 proposals ; ; ; (Logs #53, 55, & 59 & 38b), which have all been recommended for rejection by the NFPA 5000: BLD-IND TC. The NFPA 1 UFC TC believes that the preferred action on this proposal Submitter : Eddie Phillips, Southern Regional Fire Code Development Recommendation: Revise to read: Permits, where required, shall be required to store, dispense, use, or handle hazardous material in excess of allowable quantities specified in comply with A permit shall be required when a material is classified as having more than one hazard category if the quantity limits are exceeded in any category Permits shall be required to Prior to the install ation, repair of damage to, abandon ment, remov al, plac ing temporarily out of service, clos ure, or substantially modify ing a storage facility or other area regulated by Chapter 60, the AHJ shall be consulted to determine if a permit is required in accordance with , except that permits shall not be required for the following: (1) Routine maintenance (2) Repair work performance on an emergency basis Substantiation: The permit language in Chapter 60 is inconsistent with the permit language in the remainder of the document. In addition, the current language requires that permits be issued rather than allowing the AHJ to issue permits if they choose. Meeting Action: Accept in Principle Retain existing text except revise to delete the reference to and replace it with a reference to Section Revised to read: * Permits shall be required to store, dispense, use, or handle hazardous material in excess of allowable quantities specified in Section Statement: The action will allow the user the flexibility of using the discretionary language of Section 1.12 and is believed to meet the submitterʼs intent. would be to reduce number of exemptions from the stated requirements, so that consistent protection schemes for similar hazardous materials in similar configurations could be developed rather than exempted Log# 68 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept in Principle ( , , and ) Ballot Results: Affirmative: 27 Negative: 2 Explanation of Negative: BULOW: As stated in the closing of the recommendation in Proposal (Log #25), NFPA 1 UFC is a fire prevention code dealing with existing conditions in the field. The scope of he Technical ʼs charge does not include the development of a building code dealing with new construction conditions. The committee statement is focused on correlating this material with NFPA 5000, Building Code. The rejection of similar proposals by the NFPA 5000 TC is understandable for new construction consideration. When renovation of an existing building reaches a certain threshold, the new construction code requirements apply. Until that point is reached, existing conditions must be reasonably regulated taking into consideration past and current performance of the condition. The scope of each of these two codes are distinctly different and yet the NFPA 1 UFC TC appears to be focused on applying building code requirements to existing conditions. Conditions stated in this proposal by the submitter are specifically for existing facilities for specific occupancies, which appear to have no history of fire incident due to this condition. If NFPA 1 UFC is to be a glossary of extracts from other codes, possibly we may just need to eliminate NFPA 1 UFC and apply the other codes to all conditions. The TC noted in its statement the need to reduce the number of exemptions. Extracting text and conditions from other codes for different applications is the very reason there is a list of exceptions. NFPA 1 UFC needs to stand on its own without conflicting with the intent of other codes and yet must deal with existing conditions in a sensible way. ERICKSON: By not accepting these two proposals NFPA 1 UFC is playing into the hands of NFPA 5000 which is writing very POOR code in the case of Recommendation: Revise to read: When required by the AHJ permits shall be required to install, repair damage to, abandon, remove, place temporarily out of service, close, or substantially modify a storage facility or other area regulated by Chapter 60, except that permits shall not be required for the following: (1) Routine maintenance (2) Repair work performed on an emergency basis Facility Closure Approval. When required by the AHJ the permittee shall apply for a permit to close storage, use, or handling facilities at least 30 days prior to the termination of the storage, use, or handling of hazardous materials, except that the AHJ shall be permitted to reduce the 30-day period when there are special circumstances requiring such reduction. Facility closure shall be in accordance with through When required by the AHJ the permit holder or applicant shall submit a plan to the fire department to terminate storage, dispensing, handling, or use of hazardous materials at least 30 days prior to facility closure. Substantiation: It should be up to the AHJ to determine if they wish to have permits obtained for the sections modified. Meeting Action: Accept in Principle See Commitee Action on Proposal (Log #112). Statement: The believes the action taken on proposal (Log #112) meets the submitterʼs intent. fuel storage capacity for emergency standby power supply systems. Our nationʼs hospitals are very reliant on electrical power and if the normal is lost for whatever reason we need to be able to run our systems until refueling can be assured. The placement of the fuel source to the engine set is critical to assuring the reliability of the system and has been a standard practice for decades without incident. The NFPA 110 TC has researched past fires with NFPA fire statistics and there as not been any recorded incidents with this on- 1-77

78 Baled Cotton. A natural seed fiber wrapped and secured Log# 120 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept in industry-accepted materials, usually consisting of burlap, woven (Table ) polypropylene, or sheet polyethylene, and secured with steel, synthetic, or wire bands, or wire; also includes linters (lint removed from the cottonseed) Submitter : Rick Thornberry, The Code Consortium, Inc. / Rep. American and motes (residual materials from the ginning process), Pyrotechnics Association * Densely-Packed Baled Cotton. Cotton, made into banded bales, Recommendation: Revise Table (a) Maximum Allowable Quantity with a packing density of at least 360 kg/m 2 (22 lb/ft 2 ), and dimensions of Hazardous Materials per Control Area by relocating the line for Consumer complying with the following: a length of 1400 ± 20 mm (ca. 55 in.), a width fireworks alphabetically so that it is between Combustible fiber and of 530 ± 20 mm (ca. 21 in.)and a height of mm ( in.) Fire-Packed Baled Cotton. A cotton bale within which a fire has Cryogenic liquid. been packed as a result of a process, ginning being the most frequent cause. Substantiation: Consumer fireworks can not be readily found in the table Naked Cotton Bale. An unwrapped cotton bale secured with wire because they are not placed in alphabetical order like the rest of the table. or steel straps. Meeting Action: Accept Cotton which has been baled. Renumber definitions following as onwards. A Experimental work by the US Department of Agriculture, and others (Wakelyn and Hughs, 2002), investigated the flammability of Log# 169 UFC-AAA Final Action: Reject cotton bales with a packing density of at least 360 kg/m2 (22 lb/ft3). The (Table (a)) research showed that such cotton bales (densely-packed cotton bales) did not undergo self-heating nor spontaneous combustion and that the likelihood Submitter : Marcelo M. Hirschler, GBH International / Rep. National Cotton of sustained smoldering combustion internal to the cotton bale, creating a Council delayed fire hazard, was extremely low. The same research also showed that, Recommendation: Add a new note h to the reference to Loose {baled} when the cotton bales were exposed to smoldering cigarettes, matches and for combustible fiber in Table (a), and renumber existing notes h open flames (including the gas burner ignition source used for the mattress and above to become notes I and above: tests ASTM E 1590 and California Technical Bulletin 129), the probability Note h: Cotton, dry, is not subject to the requirements of this Table when it of initiating flaming combustion was at such a low level as not to qualify the densely-packed cotton bales as flammable solids. These investigations is baled as Densely- Packed Baled Cotton as it is not a flammable solid. resulted in harmonization between the U.S. Department of Transportation Densely-packed baled cotton is cotton made into banded bales, with a packing (49CFR , note 137), the United Nations Recommendations on the density of at least 360 kg/m2 (22 lb/ft3), and dimensions complying with the Transport of Dangerous Goods, the International Maritime Organization following: a length of 1400 ± 20 mm, a width of 530 ± 20 mm and a height of (the International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code) and the International mm. Civil Aviation Organizationʼs Technical Instructions, with the removal of the The two lines associated with combustible fiber should read as follows: flammable solid designation from densely-packed cotton bales, complying Combustible fiber with ISO 8115, ʻʻCotton Bales - Dimensions and Densityʼʼ and the exemption Class: Loose High Hazard Protection Level 3 Storage (Solid Pounds) (100 ft3) Storage liquid and gas NA of such cotton bales from the Hazardous Materials Regulations. The definitions of Baled Cotton, Fire-Packed Baled Cotton and Naked Cotton Bale are taken from NFPA 230, Standard for the Fire Protection of Storage (2003). Use (closed systems) (Solid Pounds ft3) (100) Use liquid and gas NA Details of Fire Tests on Cotton Bales and Their Results Use (open systems) (Solid Pounds ft3) (20) A. Types of Cotton Bales Tested: Use liquid NA Bales of cotton are normally wrapped for shipment in one of three Combustible fiber fashions: woven polypropylene (PP), polyethylene sheeting (PE), or burlap (jute), with woven PP representing about 80% of the bale covers. There is Class: Baled (note h) abundant literature indicating that polypropylene and polyethylene are plastics High Hazard Protection Level 3 have similar fire performance. Thus, the tests were conducted using bales Storage (Solid Pounds ft3) (1,000) wrapped with a woven polypropylene (PP) and bales wrapped with burlap. Storage liquid and gas NA The cotton was made into densely-packed baled cotton, at densities ranging Use (closed systems) (Solid Pounds ft3) (1,000) from 24 to 28 lb/ft3 (ca. 385 to 450 kg/m3). Each bale weighed approximately Use liquid and gas NA 500 lb (ca. 227 kg) and measured approximately 66 in. high by 36 in. wide by Use (open systems) (Solid Pounds ft3) (200) 42 in. deep (ca. 1.7 m x 0.9 m x 1.1 m). The wide side of each bale consisted Use liquid NA Substantiation: In order to counteract some historical anecdotal information regarding the combustibility characteristics of densely-packed cotton bales, flammability research was conducted, including the following experiments and results, with details contained towards the end of the substantiation: (1) Standard cotton fibre passed the Department of Transportation spontaneous combustion test: the cotton did not exceed the oven temperature and was not classified as self-heating. (2) Cotton within densely-packed cotton bales did not cause sustained smoldering propagation: an electric heater placed within the bale was unable to cause sustained smoldering propagation, due to the lack of oxygen inside the densely-packed bale. (3) Cotton within densely-packed cotton bales was exposed to ignition from a cigarette and a match and performed very well: no propagating combustion with either. (4) Cotton within densely-packed cotton bales was exposed to ignition from the gas burner source in ASTM E 1590 (also known as California Technical Bulletin 129; 12 L/min of propane gas for 180 seconds) and passed all the criteria of CA TB 129: mass loss of less than 1.36 kg (3 pounds), heat release rate less than 100 kw and total heat release of less than 25 MJ in the first 10 minutes of test. In consequence, the US Department of Transportation (US Coast Guard), the United Nations and the International Maritime Organization have all removed the listing of baled cotton from the list of hazardous materials, and from the list of flammable solids, provided the cotton bales are the type of bales listed above. Chapter 60, Table (a) Maximum Allowable Quantity of Hazardous Materials per Control Area of this code and Chapter 34, Table Maximum Allowable Quanitty of Hazardous Materials per Control Area of NFPA , contain limitations for storage of baled cotton. This limitation should not be applied to densely-packed cotton bales as they have been shown not to be a hazardous material and are no longer classified as a flammable solid. In order to be able to do this, the definitions of the various types of baled cotton need to be added to the code, so that it can be made clear in Table (a) of this code and in Table of NFPA 5000 that it does not apply to densely-packed cotton bales. Proposals were made to NFPA 5000 to that effect, as well as companion proposals on definitions. The following was proposed on definitions: Baled Cotton Definitions of loose cotton ends shaped in a semi-round configuration (round side) and the deep side consisted of tightly secured cotton fibers in a flat configuration (flat side). B. Test Laboratory: All of the fire tests were conducted at Omega Point Laboratories, in Elmendorf, TX. C. Test Setups: C1. Cigarette Tests (similar to NFPA 261, Standard Method of Test for Determining Resistance of Mock-Up Upholstered Furniture Material Assemblies to Ignition by Smoldering Cigarettes, and ASTM E 1352, Standard Test Method for Cigarette Ignition Resistance of Mock-Upholstered Furniture Assemblies): four lighted cigarettes were placed on the tops of the PP and burlap wrapped cotton bales, approximately 8 in. (ca m) apart, and allowed to burn their full length. The test was allowed to proceed for 1 hour. Char length on the cotton bale and/or ignition of the bale was monitored throughout the test. The pass/fail criterion associated with regulatory use of these tests is: a sample passes if there is no evidence of flaming ignition, no continued smoldering and the char length does not exceed 2 in. (51 mm). C2. Match Tests (similar to NFPA 705, Recommended Practice for a Field Flame Test for Textiles and Films): four lighted wooden matches were placed on the tops of the PP and burlap wrapped cotton bales, approximately 8 in. (ca m) apart, and allowed to burn their full length. The test was allowed to proceed for 1 hour. Char length on the cotton bale and/or ignition of the bale was monitored throughout the test. The pass/fail criterion associated with field use of this tests is: during the exposure, flaming should not spread over the complete length of the sample or in excess of 4 in. (101.6 mm) from the bottom of the sample (for larger size samples); there should be not more than 2 seconds of afterflame, and materials that break or drip flaming particles should be rejected if the materials continue to burn after they reach the floor. C3. Heat Release Tests (similar to ASTM E 1590, Standard Test Method for Fire Testing of Mattresses, California Technical Bulletin 129, Flammability Test Procedure for Mattresses for Use in Public Buildings, and NFPA 267, Standard Method of Test for Fire Characteristics of Mattresses and Bedding Assemblies Exposed to Flaming Ignition Source, withdrawn): C3.1 Ignition source: The ignition source used was a 8.07 in. (205 mm) long T burner, constructed of 0.47 in. (12 mm) outside diameter stainless steel tubing with in. (0.89 mm) wall thickness, with 14 holes at 45 degrees above the centerline (0.039 in. (1 mm) in diameter and pointing upward) and spaced 0.5 in. (13 mm) apart and 9 holes at 45 degrees below the 1-78

79 centerline (0.039 in. (1 mm) in diameter and pointing downward) also spaced 0.5 in. (13 mm) apart. The holes are positioned such that the handle of the burner is at a 30 degree angle from the horizontal plane. The burner was placed centrally in front of the cotton bale, such that the front of the burner was 2 in. (51 mm) in front of the cotton bale and 6 in. (152 mm) from the bottom of the cotton bale. The gas burner was fueled with propane gas, adjusted at a flow rate of 12 L/min (3.17 gallons/min) and allowed to burn for 180 seconds. C3.2 Other measurements: The cotton bale was placed on a load cell (for continuous measurement of sample mass) which, in turn, was placed centrally under a collection hood. In the hood, oxygen concentration, flow rates, temperatures and pressures were measured continuously, to permit the assessment of heat release via the oxygen consumption calorimetry principle. Two Type K thermocouples were placed on each cotton bale: one 6 in. (152 mm) into the cotton bale in the same horizontal plane as the burner, to measure the cotton bale core temperature continuously and one on the surface of the cotton bale in the vicinity of the burner, to measure the flame temperature continuously. Tests were conducted on 4 samples: PP-wrapped cotton bale, exposed from the round side and from the flat side and burlapwrapped cotton bale, exposed from the round side and from the flat side. C3.3 Pass/fail criteria: This test, using an ignition source of 17.8 kw, is the most severe fire test in the United States for mattresses. There are two sets of pass/fail criteria associated with this test: (a) those contained in the NFPA 101 Life Safety Code and International Fire Code, for use of mattresses in unsprinklered health care and detention occupancies and (b) those contained in California TB 129, also for use in unsprinklered detention occupancies. The pass fail criteria are based on 3 properties: Peak Heat Release Rate (Pk RHR, in kw), Total Heat Release (THR, in MJ), at a certain time following the start of the test and Mass Loss (in lb), at 10 minutes of test. D2.2: Burlap wrapped cotton bales/match test: as soon as the matches finished burning, the extent of the char on the cotton was negligible. The burlap charred only slightly in the immediate vicinity of the matches. No continued flaming combustion occurred. A the end of the one hour test, none of the ignition points continued smoldering. The char depth at the worst of the ignition points was approximately 1 in. (25 mm). The burlap wrapped cotton bales passed the test. D3: Heat release tests: the results are shown in Table 1. All tests easily pass the NFPA 101/IFC criteria and three of the four tests easily pass the CA TB 129 criteria. The burlap-wrapped cotton bale (flat side) is borderline on the CA TB 129 criteria, passing within the test margin of error. The peak heat release rate of the cotton bales, as densely-packed baled cotton, is much lower than that of the majority of common combustibles, none of which are designated as flammable solids or hazardous materials. A number of such heat release rate test data are shown in Table 2. Table is shown on the following page. Details of Spontaneous Combustion Tests on Cotton Bales and Their Results Stresau Laboratory, Inc., an independent laboratory specializing in hazardous materials evaluation, assessed raw cotton in accordance with the Department of Transportation (US DOT) self-heating test for materials. The test is specified in 49 CFR 173, Appendix E 3, Division Materials Liable to Spontaneous Combustion. b. Self-heating Materials (1) Test Method for Self- Heating Materials and (2) Criteria for Classification. A sample of raw cotton weighing 53.2 g was loosely filled into a 10 cm3 fine mesh, wire basket, which was placed in an oven set at 285 deg F (140 deg C), and the temperature was recorded over a 24 hour period. A material is classified as liable to spontaneous combustion (Division 4.2, by US DOT) only if spontaneous ignition occurs or if the temperature of the sample exceeds 392 deg F (200 deg C) during the 24 hour test. In fact, spontaneous ignition Criteria Peak Heat Release Rate Total did not occur and the temperature never exceeded 392 deg F (200 deg C). Heat Release Mass Loss Consequently, this test demonstrate that cotton is not liable to spontaneous combustion. NFPA 101/IFC: < 250 kw < 40 MJ (@ 5 min) - CA TB 129 < 100 kw < 25 MJ (@ 10 min) < 3 lb (@ 10 min) D. Test Results D1.1: PP wrapped cotton bales/cigarette test: as soon as the cigarettes finished burning, the extent of the char on the cotton was less than 1/8 in. (3 mm) from the nearest point of the worst case cigarette. The polypropylene wrapping melted a maximum of 8 in. (200 mm). While the cigarette burnt, the polypropylene melted and shrunk, carrying the cigarette along the melting point. Flaming ignition did not occur. No continued smoldering or flaming combustion occurred. The PP wrapped cotton bales easily passed the test. D1.2: Burlap wrapped cotton bales/cigarette test: as soon as the cigarettes finished burning, the extent of the char on the cotton was less than 1/8 in. (3 mm) from the nearest point of the worst case cigarette. The burlap wrapping charred only directly underneath the cigarette on all four ignition points. Flaming ignition did not occur. No continued smoldering or flaming combustion occurred. The burlap wrapped cotton bales easily passed the test. D2.1: PP wrapped cotton bales/match test: as soon as the matches finished burning, the extent of the char on the cotton was less than 1/8 in. (3 mm) from the nearest point of the worst case cigarette. The polypropylene wrapping melted a maximum of 0.5 in. (13 mm). No continued flaming combustion occurred. A the end of the one hour test, only two of the ignition points continued smoldering. The char depth at all of the ignition points was less than 1 in. (25 mm). The PP wrapped cotton bales passed the test. Note: Supporting material available for review at NFPA Headquarters. Statement: The Uniform Fire Code is trying to maintain consistency with NFPA 5000 in this area. These requirements will need to be correlated with NFPA 5000 at the comment stage. The existing text is coordinated with NFPA 5000 for the regulation of hazardous materials and the 5000 BLD-IND TC rejected a similar proposal. The NFPA 1 UFC believes that the actions taken on Proposals (Log #160) and 1-34 (Log#170) meet the submitterʼs intent. This proposed code change would place a definition in a footnote, and this is not permitted in accordance with the NFPA MOS. This is of the opinion, that cotton is more appropriately classified as a combustible fiber, rather than a flammable solid. This further notes that baled cotton does present a fire hazard, and it is associated with deep-seated fires that are difficult to control and extinguish once ignited. The also notes that the building height and area would trigger the requirement for a sprinkler system. Unit Table 1 Baled Cotton Test Fire Test Results PP wrapped flat PP wrapped round side side Burlap wrapped flat side Heat Release Test Pk RHR kw (early spike only) 58.6 NFPA 101/IFC Criterion kw <250 <250 <250 <250 CA TB 129 Criterion kw <100 <100 <100 <100 Time to pk RHR min THR after 5 min MJ NFPA 101/IFC Criterion MJ <40 <40 <40 <40 THR after 10 min MJ CA TB 129 Criterion MJ <25 <25 <25 <25 THR after 30 min MJ THR after 60 min MJ THR after 90 min MJ THR after 120 min MJ Wt 10 min lbs CA TB Criterion lbs <3 <3 <3 <3 Avg Wt Loss per min lbs Max Char Depth (top 6 in) in NA 0.75 Max Char Depth (other) in Pk Core Temp deg F NA Time Ignition Source Off min Time Flames Ceased min Cigarette Test Max Char Depth in NA 0.13 NA 0.13 Match Test Max Char Depth in NA 0.13 PP: 0.5 NA 1.00 Burlap wrapped round side 1-79

80 Table 2 - Heat Release Rate Data on Combustible Commodities 1. Data from the NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) Website Waste paper basket Small TV Set Mattress (center burn) Mattresses (side burn) Mattress (corner burn) Kiosk Workstation (2 panel) Wooden Pallets (4, without combustibles) Small dresser Christmas tree (natural) Loveseat Sofa Bunk Bed Workstation (3 panel) 2. Data from Underwriters Laboratories Two-way wooden pallets with Class II commodities Four-way wooden pallets with Class II commodities 3. Other Heat Release Data: Curtains, Cotton Velvet (0.86 lbs) Curtains, Acrylic Cotton (0.64 lbs) TV set ( lbs) Small Table (Hirschler) Residential Mattress (Hirschler) Childrenʼs Mall Playground (Hirschler) 40 kw 290 kw 740 kw 940 kw & 1.1 MW 1.0 MW 1.0 MW 1.7 MW 1.7 MW 1.8 MW 1.7 MW to 5.2 MW 3.0 MW 3.5 MW 4.6 MW 6.6 MW > 6.0 MW before sprinkler activation > 8.5 MW before sprinkler activation kw kw kw 500 kw up to > 3.5 MW > 5 MW Log# 69 UFC-AAA Final Action: Reject (Table (a), (b) and ) Recommendation: Replace Tables (a) and (b) with the following format for each material and delete Section Table is shown on the following page. Substantiation: The proposed table provides the required information by materials and eliminates the additional exceptions to the base table contained in by placing the material in one place. As currently worded you must go to the tables (a) and (b) and then you need to go to additional section to determine if you are permitted or further restrictions to the base table. This is confusing and misleading as to what the maximum allowable quantity is. Statement: The existing table in NFPA 1 UFC is consistent with NFPA 5000 for the purpose of regulating hazardous materials. Proposed action by the NFPA 5000 TC BLD-IND on proposal (Log CP# 1604) will provide a similar approach for the development of a new occupancy-based table for MAQs. The Uniform FIre Code is trying to maintain consistency with NFPA 5000 in this area. These requirements will need to be further correlated at the comment stage Log# 15 UFC-AAA Final Action: Reject ( ) Submitter : Tom Bulow, T. Bulow & Associates Recommendation: Amend the existing text of as indicated below. Extract from NFPA through and place it in NFPA Restructure the Table (a) to reflect the requirements of NFPA 31, NFPA 37, NFPA 99, NFPA Flammable and Combustible Liquids Restricted. The quantity of flammable and combustible liquids stored or used in daycare, health care, ambulatory health care, and detention and correctional occupancies shall not exceed amounts necessary for demonstration, treatment, laboratory work, maintenance purposes, and operation of equipment. The allowable quantities shall be adequate to support emergency power and heating equipment to sustain operation during disaster or emergencies where supply routes may be interrupted. and shall not exceed maximum allowable quantities permitted in control areas listed in Table (a). NFPA Fuel Tanks Inside Structures Fuel tanks inside structures shall be securely mounted on noncombustible supports * Fuel tanks not in a room by themselves shall not exceed 660 gal (2500 L). Fuel tanks larger than 660 gal (2500 L) capacity shall be enclosed in a room in accordance with or Not more than one such 660 gal (2500 L) capacity tank, or two or more of these tanks with an aggregate capacity of not more than 660 gal (2500 L), shall be connected to one engine. Exception: Fuel tanks of any size shall be permitted within engine rooms or mechanical spaces, provided the engine or mechanical room is designed using 1-80 recognized engineering practices with suitable fire detection, fire suppression, and containment means to prevent the spread of fire beyond the room of origin * The aggregate capacity of all fuel tanks in a structure shall not exceed 1320 gal (5000 L) unless that portion exceeding 1320 gal (5000 L) is enclosed in a room in accordance with or Exception: Fuel tanks of any size shall be permitted within engine rooms or mechanical spaces, provided the engine or mechanical room is designed using recognized engineering practices with suitable fire detection, fire suppression, and containment means to prevent the spread of fire beyond the room of origin Fuel tanks within structures shall be provided with spill containment consisting of a wall, a curb, or a dike having a capacity at lest equal to that of the largest surrounded tank. Exception: A spill containment system of lesser capacity equipped with an overflow or drainage system that is adequate in size and location to convey any spillage of fuel to a tank (inside or outside) or to a safe area outside the structure Rooms Housing Only Fuel Tanks with an Aggregate Capacity of 1320 gal (5000 L) or Less Rooms containing only fuel tanks with an aggregate capacity of 1320 gal (5000 L) or less shall be constructed of walls, floor, and ceiling having a fire resistance rating of not less than 1 hour with the walls bonded to the floor If the walls of such rooms extend to and are bonded to the underside of a concrete floor or roof above that has a fire resistance rating of not less than 1 hour, a separate ceiling shall not be required for the room At least 15 in. (381 mm) clearance shall be left around each tank for the purpose of inspection and repair Each tank room shall be provided with an opening that is protected by a self-closing 1-hour-rated fire door if it opens inside a building If an exterior door is provided, it shall be listed for fire exposures Each tank room shall be provided with spill containment consisting of either a wall, a curb, or dike having a capacity at least equal to that of the largest tank. Exception: A spill containment system of lesser capacity equipped with an overflow or drainage system that is adequate in size and location to convey any spillage of fuel to a tank (inside or outside) or to a safe area outside the structure * Ventilation. (A) Ventilation for tank rooms shall be sufficient to maintain the concentration of vapors within the room at or below 25 percent of the lower flammable limit of the fuel used. (B) Ventilation shall be accomplished by mechanical or natural exhaust ventilation that shall be to a safe location outside the building, without recirculation of the exhaust air. (C) Provision shall be made for introduction of make-up air in such a manner as to avoid short-circuiting the ventilation and shall be arranged to include a floor area or pits where flammable vapors can collect Rooms Housing Only Fuel Tanks with an Aggregate Capacity of More Than 1320 gal (5000 L) Rooms containing only fuel tanks shall be constructed of walls, floor, and ceiling having a fire resistance rating of not less than 3 hours with the walls bonded to the floor.

81 A Material B State: (Gas, Liq., Sol) Occupancy Assembly Educational Day-Care Health Care 1 Threshold Quantity: Storage (state units: lbs, gals, etc) Threshold Quantity Increases For: 2 Total (including threshold) for Cabinets: 3 Total (including threshold) for Suppression: 4 Total (including threshold) for both cabinets and Suppression: 5 Total (including threshold) for other (describe): A Material B State: (Gas, Liq., Sol) Occupancy Mercantile Industrial Storage 1 Threshold Quantity: Storage (state units: lbs, gals, etc.) 2 Total (including threshold) for Cabinets: 3 Total (including threshold) for Suppression: 4 Total (including threshold) for both cabinets and Suppression: 5 Total (including threshold) for other (describe): Ambulatory Health Care Detention and Correctional 1 & 2 Family Dwelling Lodging or Rooming House Hotels and Dormitory Apartment Residential Board and Care Business Report on Proposals Copyright, NFPA NFPA

82 If the walls of such rooms extend to and are bonded to the underside of a concrete floor or roof above that has a fire resistance rating of not less Log# 122 UFC-AAA Final Action: Reject than 3 hours, a separate ceiling shall not be required for the room. ( ) At least 16 in. (381 mm) clearance shall be left around each tank for the purpose of inspection and repair Any opening of a tank room shall be protected by a self-closing 3-hour fire-rated door or damper assembly as applicable Each tank room shall be provided with spill containment consisting of either a wall, a curb, or a dike having a capacity at lest equal to that of the largest tank. Exception: 4 spill containment system of lesser capacity equipped with an overflow or drainage system that is adequate in size and location to convey any spillage of fuel to a tank (inside or outside) to to a safe area outside the structure Floor openings shall be protected by a ramp or curb of sufficient height to contain the entire contents of the tank within the walls to the height corresponding to the level of fuel that will be retained The curb shall be built to withstand the lateral pressure due to the liquid head, and the walls and floor shall be liquid tight. Submitter : David Stringfield, University of Minnesota Recommendation: Revise text to read as follows: Except as provided in , a Type 60/Class 2/Level 2 standby or emergency power system shall be provided... Substantiation: NFPA 110 now uses class/level/types for emergency power performance. Standby and emergency are no irrelevant terms. Statement: The existing text provides general direction to a Code user to determine if the specific equipment requires Standby or Emergency Power. Once this is determined, Section 4.4 of NFPA 110 addresses the selection of the Level of system. NFPA 70, Articles 700 and 701 address the Type and Class of system. Exception: Rooms provided with a spill containment system that is adequate Log# 173 UFC-AAA Final Action: Reject in size and location to convey any spillage of a fuel to a tank (inside or ( ) outside) or to a safe area outside the room * Ventilation. (A) Ventilation for tank rooms shall be sufficient to maintain the concentration of vapors within the room at or below 25 percent of the lower flammable limit of the fuel used. (B) Ventilation shall be accomplished by mechanical or natural exhaust ventilation that shall be to a safe location outside the building, without recirculation of the exhaust air. (C) Provision shall be made for introduction of make-up air in such a manner as to avoid short-circuiting the ventilation and shall be arranged to include all floor areas or pits where flammable vapors can collect. Substantiation: Since NFPA 1 is a fire prevention code and not a building code or life safety code, it must address existing conditions created by earlier editions of code development. There must not be conflict between these code requirements. In the field, the stated requirements of do not reflect the requirements stated in NFPA 31, NFPA 37, NFPA 99, and NFPA 110. Creating obstacles such as inadequate fuel supplies in health care facilities can be life threatening in time of emergency/disaster conditions. Serious consideration must be given to this proposal. This proposal is material extracted from NFPA 37, Standard for the Installation and Use of Stationary Combustion Engines and Gas Turbines, 2002 edition. Submitter : Robert Fash, Las Vegas Fire & Rescue Recommendation: Revise to read as follows: Where Required for Storage. Buildings or portions thereof used for storage of hazardous materials liquids in individual vessels having a capacity of more than 55 gal (208.2 L) or when the aggregate capacity of multiple vessels exceeds 1,000 gal (3785 L) shall be provided with spill control to prevent the flow of liquids to adjoining areas. Substantiation: Previous editions of the Uniform Fire Code, 1997 and 2000 Editions, outlined requirements for spill control when there was an aggregate amount of hazardous material liquids in excess of 1000 gallons. This code modification will also match the requirements of Statement: Existing doesnʼt require spill control for 1000 gal aggregate quantity of materials in use-closed systems, and it makes no sense for storage to be more restrictive. The same situation existed in the 2000 UFC, and that was the basis for fixing the inequity in the 2003 edition of NFPA 1 UFC. The intent of spill control is to limit the spread of a spilled liquid from a container from a single event. Large spills from multiple containers are addressed by secondary containment. Statement: The Uniform Fire Code is trying to Log# 123 UFC-AAA Final Action: Reject maintain consistency with NFPA 5000 in this area. These requirements will ( ) need to be further correlated with NFPA 5000 at the comment stage. The existing text is coordinated with NFPA 5000 for the regulation of hazardous materials and the 5000 BLD-IND TC rejected similar proposals. The recommends that the submitter send comments for developing consistent protection schemes for this protection configuration to other impacted NFPA TCʼs including NFPA 31, NFPA 37, NFPA 99, and NFPA 110 to develop an appropriate course of action for this revision cycle. Ballot Results: Affirmative: 27 Negative: 2 Explanation of Negative: BULOW: As stated in the closing of the recommendation in Proposal (Log #25), NFPA 1 UFC is a fire prevention code dealing with existing conditions in the field. The scope of the Technical ʼs charge does not include the development of a building code dealing with new construction conditions. The committee statement is focused on correlating this material with NFPA 5000, Building Code. The rejection of similar proposals by the NFPA 5000 Submitter : David Stringfield, University of Minnesota Recommendation: Revise text to read as follows: Emergency Alarm...transported through corridors or exit enclosures, there shall... Substantiation: Section 14.3(5) prohibits these materials in the exit enclosures. Statement: The submitterʼs interpretation of existing Section 14.3(5) is not consistent with the paragraph on exit enclosures in for HPM facilities. The guidance on this issue is from of NFPA 1 UFC, which indicates that a specific requirement overrules a general one, and Chapter 60 is more specific. See Action on Proposal (Log #153). TC is understandable for new construction consideration. When renovation of Log# 153 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept an existing building reaches a certain threshold, the new construction code ( ) requirements apply. Until that point is reached, existing conditions must be reasonably regulated taking into consideration past and current performance of the condition. The scope of each of these two codes are distinctly different and yet the NFPA 1 UFC TC appears to be focused on applying building code requirements to existing conditions. Conditions stated in this proposal by the submitter are specifically for existing facilities for specific occupancies, which appear to have no history of fire incident due to this condition. If NFPA 1 UFC is to be a glossary of extracts from other codes, possibly we may just need to eliminate NFPA 1 UFC and apply the other codes to all conditions. The TC noted in its statement the need to reduce the number of exemptions. Extracting text and conditions from other codes for different applications is the very reason there is a list of exceptions. NFPA 1 UFC needs to stand on its own without conflicting with the intent of other codes and yet must deal with existing conditions in a sensible way. ERICKSON: See my Explanation of Negative Vote on Proposal (Log #15). Submitter : Kenneth E. Bush, Office of the Maryland State Fire Marshal Recommendation: Revise the wording of the first sentence of this paragraph as follows: When hazardous materials having a hazard ranking of 3 or 4 in accordance with NFPA 704 are transported through corridors or exit enclosures, there shall be an emergency telephone system, a local manual alarm station or an approved alarm-initiating device at not more than 150 ft (46 m) intervals and at each exit and exit access doorway throughout the transport route. Substantiation: The current requirements of this paragraph seem to be overly restrictive. As stated, this provision would require the installation of an alarm initiating device at each door leading to a corridor, as each such door providing corridor access from an occupiable space is defined as an exit access door. This could mean that the corridor is literally lined with alarm initiating devices. The requirement to install such devices at exits only, in addition to retaining the maximum 150 ft distance, would provide an appropriate level of protection. Meeting Action: Accept 1-82

83 1. Revise existing Section to read: Log# CP29 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept Fire alarm systems shall be installed where required, in aerosol (Chapters 61, 63, 65, 66, 69, and 70) storage facilities in accordance with NFPA 30B. Submitter : Technical on Uniform Fire Code Recommendation: Update all NFPA extract references in Chapters 61, 63, 65, 66, 69, & 70 including: NFPA 30; NFPA 30B; NFPA 55 (concurrent rewrite); NFPA 58; NFPA 160; NFPA 430 (concurrent rewrite); NFPA 432; NFPA 484 (concurrent rewrite); NFPA 490; NFPA 495 (concurrent rewrite); NFPA 1122; NFPA 1123 (concurrent rewrite); NFPA 1124 (concurrent rewrite); NFPA 1125; and NFPA Substantiation: This action updates all the extract hazardous material provisions from the applicable NFPA codes and standards that appear in Part VI of the Code. Meeting Action: Accept 2. Reject the balance of the submitterʼs recommendation. Statement: Existing has a generic reference to NFPA 72, but this is recommending the specific requirement for fire alarm systems in aerosol storage facilities, which is the only location that a fire alarm system is required in NFPA 30B. The proposed changes to existing , , and are being rejected based on a similar rejection for proposal (Log #122). Comment on Affirmative SHAPIRO: According to my notes, the text approved by the committee in was Fire alarm systems shall be installed in aerosol storage facilities where required by NFPA 30B. The ROP ballot text does not agree with this and should be revised to the committee approved text, which is less subjective Log# 70 UFC-AAA Final Action: Reject ( ) Recommendation: Revise to read: Where the provisions of Chapter 61 or NFPA 30B conflict with the provisions of Chapter 60, the provisions of Chapter 61 and NFPA 30B shall apply, except that the maximum allowable quantities permitted in control areas shall not exceed those specified in Table (a) and Table (b). Substantiation: Chapter 60 establishes the maximum quantity of flammable and combustible liquids allowed outside of buildings that meets Protection Levels 1-5, as described in the building code. This change will ensure these limits take precedence over limits allowed in NFPA 30 and that all safety requirements prescribed in the fire and building code are in place. The model fire and building codes (ICBO, SBCCI, BOCA) used in the U.S. limit the quantity of flammable and combustible liquids in a building in accordance with maximum allowable quantity tables similar to those found in Chapter 60 of NFPA 1. The tables ensure a reasonable degree of fire and life safety, as well as firefighter safety, without undue impact on business operations. However, these tables have little value if subsequent chapters allow different quantities found in various standards. Statement: The existing text was added to each of the specific hazardous material chapters in NFPA 1 UFC to allow the Technical s charged with the responsibility for specific hazardous materials an opportunity to provide specific amounts for their hazardous material without being managed by the NFPA 1 UFC hazardous material chapters. This paragraph was created as a compromise position to address the many NFPA specific hazardous material technical committeesʼ concerns and the NFPA Standards Councilʼs position on the Scoping Coordination Policy that encourages all the NFPA s to review and evaluate the use of the concepts and terminology used in NFPA 1 UFC and NFPA 5000 for the purpose of regulating hazardous materials in their respective documents. By making this change, it would limit the specific hazardous material committees by regulating an amount of hazardous material that NFPA 1 UFC and NFPA 5000 set and that they could not exceed in any situation. Also, the extract policy limits the ability of NFPA 1 UFC to supersede material under the control of other technical committees. The NFPA 5000 project is working to coordinate the MAQ values in NFPA 5000 with the applicable NFPA reference codes and standards. The UFC Technical is coordinating its requirements with those being proposed for NFPA Log# 121 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept in Principle in Part ( , , , ) Submitter : David Stringfield, University of Minnesota Recommendation: Revise text to read as follows: Fire Alarms. Fire alarm systems...alarm Code where the...connected to a Type 60/Class 2/Level 2 emergency standby power in accordance with NFPA The requirements...electrical Code Level Required Performance Emergency power...for a Type 60/ Class 2/ Level 2 Systems... Substantiation: Section was deleted because the required fire alarm devices (detection, notification) were not listed. This code dictates what is required. With no guidance the section must be deleted. The emergency power sections were revised to provide consistent performance requirements throughout the section. Meeting Action: Accept in Principle in Part Log# 160 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept in Principle (62.1, 62.2, A (New) ) Submitter : Marcelo M. Hirschler, GBH International / Rep. National Cotton Council Recommendation: Add a new section to read as follows: Chapter 62 Combustible Fibers 62.1 General * The storage, use, and handling of combustible fibers shall comply with the requirements of Chapter 62 and Chapter Chapter 62 shall not apply to buildings completely protected by an approved automatic fire extinguishing system; however, this does not preclude the need for good housekeeping Permits. Permits, where required, shall comply with Electrical Wiring Electrical wiring and equipment in any combustible fiber storage room or building shall be installed in accordance with the requirements of NFPA 70, National Electrical Code, for Class 3 hazardous locations The AHJ shall be responsible for designating the areas requiring hazardous location electrical classifications and shall classify the area in accordance with the classification system set forth in NFPA 70. A Note that cotton fibers made into banded bales, with a packing density of at least 360 kg/m 2 (22 lb/ft 3 ), and dimensions complying with the following: a length of 1400 ± 20 mm (ca. 55 in.), a width of 530 ± 20 mm (ca. 21 in.) and a height of mm ( in.) will not readily ignite when heat sources are present (Wakelyn and Hughes, 2002) and are not considered flammable solids or hazardous materials. Substantiation: In order to counteract some historical anecdotal information regarding the combustibility characteristics of densely-packed cotton bales, flammability research was conducted, including the following experiments and results, with details contained towards the end of the substantiation: (1) Standard cotton fibre passed the Department of Transportation spontaneous combustion test: the cotton did not exceed the oven temperature and was not classified as self-heating. (2) Cotton within densely-packed cotton bales did not cause sustained smoldering propagation: an electric heater placed within the bale was unable to cause sustained smoldering propagation, due to the lack of oxygen inside the densely-packed bale. (3) Cotton within densely-packed cotton bales was exposed to ignition from a cigarette and a match and performed very well: no propagating combustion with either. (4) Cotton within densely-packed cotton bales was exposed to ignition from the gas burner source in ASTM E 1590 (also known as California Technical Bulletin 129; 12 L/min of propane gas for 180 seconds) and passed all the criteria of CA TB 129: mass loss of less than 1.36 kg (3 pounds), heat release rate less than 100 kw and total heat release of less than 25 MJ in the first 10 minutes of test. In consequence, the US Department of Transportation (US Coast Guard), the United Nations and the International Maritime Organization have all removed the listing of baled cotton from the list of hazardous materials, and from the list of flammable solids, provided the cotton bales are the type of bales listed above. Details on the fire test results and additional information has been provided with other proposals. Meeting Action: Accept in Principle 1. Revise existing to read: The storage, use, and handling of combustible fibers shall comply with the requirements of Chapter 62. and Chapter Move Chapter 62, Combustible Fibers, out of Part VI, Hazardous Materials, and into Part IV, Processes as Chapter 45. Statement: The agrees with the submitterʼs proposal to delete combustible fibers from being included in the requirements of regulated hazardous materials in Chapter 60. The upon reviewing the recommendation and substantiation agree that combustible fibers by themselves are not hazardous, but the physical state they are in may cause the hazard. This is a similar situation to dust producing processes. The

84 also noted that they do not agree that combustible fibers should be regulated as a hazardous material, but that precautions are needed for the safe storage of the product. The protection features need to be outlined in a separate chapter. The is moving Chapter 62 Combustible Fibers out of Part VI, Hazardous Materials, and into Part IV, Processes as Chapter 45, since the agrees that combustible fibers should not be considered hazardous materials Log# 71 UFC-AAA Final Action: Reject ( ) Recommendation: Revise to read: Where the provisions of Chapter 63 or NFPA 55 conflict with the provisions of Chapter 60, the provisions of Chapter 63 and NFPA 55 shall apply, except that the maximum allowable quantities permitted in control areas shall not exceed those specified in Table (a) and Table (b). Substantiation: Chapter 60 establishes the maximum quantity of flammable and combustible liquids allowed outside of buildings that meets Protection Levels 1-5, as described in the building code. This change will ensure these limits take precedence over limits allowed in NFPA 30 and that all safety requirements prescribed in the fire and building code are in place. The model fire and building codes (ICBO, SBCCI, BOCA) used in the U.S. limit the quantity of flammable and combustible liquids in a building in accordance with maximum allowable quantity tables similar to those found in Chapter 60 of NFPA 1. The tables ensure a reasonable degree of fire and life safety, as well as firefighter safety, without undue impact on business operations. However, these tables have little value if subsequent chapters allow different quantities found in various standards. Statement: The existing text was added to each of the specific hazardous material chapters in NFPA 1 UFC to allow the various hazardous material s charged with the scope of the specific material an opportunity to provide specific amounts for their hazardous material without being managed by the NFPA 1 UFC hazardous material chapters. This section was created as a compromise position to address the many NFPA specific hazardous material sʼ concerns and the NFPA Standards Councilʼs position on the Scoping Coordination Policy that encourages all the NFPA s to review and evaluate the use of the concepts and terminology used in NFPA 1 UFC and NFPA 5000 for the purpose of regulating hazardous materials in their respective documents. By making this change, it would limit the specific hazardous material s by regulating an amount of hazardous material that NFPA 1 UFC and NFPA 5000 set and that they could not exceed in any situation. Also, the NFPA Extract Policy limits the ability of NFPA 1 UFC to supersede material under the control of other Technical s. The NFPA 1 UFC is not permitted to change extracted text from another NFPA code or standard under the NFPA Extract Policy. It is noted that the NFPA 5000 project is working to coordinate the MAQ values in NFPA 5000 with the applicable NFPA codes and standards. This will ultimately bring correlation to NFPA 1 UFC Log# 72 UFC-AAA Final Action: Reject (65.1.2) Recommendation: Revise to read: Where the provisions of this chapter or NFPA standards referenced herein conflict with the provisions of Chapter 60, the provisions of this chapter and referenced NFPA standards shall apply, except that the maximum allowable quantities permitted in control areas shall not exceed those specified in Table (a) and Table (b). Substantiation: Chapter 60 establishes the maximum quantity of flammable and combustible liquids allowed outside of buildings that meets Protection Levels 1-5, as described in the building code. This change will ensure these limits take precedence over limits allowed in NFPA 30 and that all safety requirements prescribed in the fire and building code are in place. The model fire and building codes (ICBO, SBCCI, BOCA) used in the U.S. limit the quantity of flammable and combustible liquids in a building in accordance with maximum allowable quantity tables similar to those found in Chapter 60 of NFPA 1. The tables ensure a reasonable degree of fire and life safety, as well as firefighter safety, without undue impact on business operations. However, these tables have little value if subsequent chapters allow different quantities found in various standards Statement: The existing text was added to each of the specific hazardous material chapters in NFPA 1 UFC to allow the various hazardous material Technical s charged with the scope of the specific material an opportunity to provide specific amounts for their hazardous material without being managed by the NFPA 1 UFC hazardous material chapters. This section was created as a compromise position to address the many NFPA specific hazardous material technical committeesʼ concerns and the NFPA Standards Councilʼs position on the Scoping Coordination Policy that encourages all the NFPA s to review and evaluate the use of the concepts and terminology used in NFPA 1 UFC and NFPA 5000 for the purpose of regulating hazardous materials in their respective documents. By making this change, it would limit the specific hazardous material committees by regulating an amount of hazardous material that NFPA 1 UFC and NFPA 5000 set and that they could not exceed in any situation. Also, the extract policy limits the ability of NFPA 1 UFC to supersede material under the control of other technical committees. The NFPA 1 UFC is not permitted to change extracted text from another NFPA code or standard under the NFPA Extract Policy. It is noted that the NFPA 5000 project is working to coordinate the MAQ values in NFPA 5000 with the applicable NFPA codes and standards. This will ultimately bring correlation to NFPA 1 UFC Log# 172 UFC-AAA Final Action: Reject ( (New) ) Submitter : Robert Fash, Las Vegas Fire & Rescue Recommendation: Add new section as follows: Seizure of Explosive Materials. The AHJ is authorized to seize, take, remove or cause to be removed at the expense of the owner explosive materials offered or exposed for sale, stored, possessed, used or transported in violation of Section Substantiation: Previous editions of the Uniform Fire Code, 1997 and 2000 Editions, outlined requirements for the seizure of explosive materials in violation of the fire code. This new code section will allow the AHJ to take such action if necessary. Statement: This proposed requirement is very general and would impact many industrial and manufacturing sites, which use explosive materials. The committee believes that this could create a problem for a site that does not currently comply with NFPA 495, and the AHJ would need to seize the materials. The questions why only a single class of hazardous material is specified and why any violation of the Code would warrant seizure versus corrective action. The seizure of property is a police function and introduces enforcement concerns. Ballot Results: Affirmative: 28 Negative: 1 Explanation of Negative: FASH: I disagree with the committeeʼs action on this item, not because I am the submitter of the item but the based on the committeeʼs statement. The amendment was proposed not only to allow the seizure of explosive materials, but also to place the financial burden of that seizure back on the responsible party. If an explosive material is being used in violation of NFPA 495, and AHJ should have a mechanism in place to abate it immediately. Seizure of the materials is one option, and the wording of the proposal indicates the AHJ is authorized to seize if necessary Log# 95 UFC-AAA Final Action: Reject (65.11.X (New) ) Submitter : Robert Bourke, Northeastern Regional Fire Code Dev. Recommendation: Add the following: x Use of Consumer Fireworks by the Public x.x.1 Consumer Fireworks - General x.x.1.1 All consumer fireworks shall meet the requirements of Title 16, Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) parts 1500 & x.x.1.2 Consumer fireworks shall be stored in a cool, dry place x.x.2 User Qualifications x.x.2.1 The user of consumer fireworks shall be at least 18 years old x.x.3 Display Site x.x.3.1 Consumer fireworks shall only be used outdoors x.x.3.2 Consumer fireworks shall be located a minimum distance of 75 ft (23 m) from spectator viewing areas and parking areas. Exception No. 1: For devices with greater hazard potential (such as skyrockets), the minimum separation distance shall be increased to 125-ft (38 m). Exception No. 2: All roman candles and multishot devices shall have the separation distance of 125 ft (38 m) or 70 ft/in. (22 m/25 mm) of tube diameter, whichever is greater x.x.3.3 Other Separation Distances.

85 65.11.x.x Consumer fireworks shall be located a minimum distance of 300 ft (91.2 m) from the following: (1) Consumer fireworks retail sales facility or store (2) Motor vehicle fuel-dispensing station dispensers (3) Retail propane-dispensing station dispensers (4) Compressed natural gas dispensing facilities (5) Aboveground storage tanks for flammable or combustible liquids, flammable gas, or flammable liquefied gas (6) Aboveground bulk storage or bulk dispensing of flammable or combustible liquids; flammable gas; flammable liquefied gas x.x.4 Fallout Area x.x.4.1* The fallout area shall be an open area. A x.x.4.1 The presence of a modest number of trees and shrubs should not be considered a safety problem, provided that they are not so numerous as to make it significantly more difficult to locate unexploded devices or to pose a serious fire safety threat x.x.4.2 Spectators, vehicles, watercraft, or readily combustible materials, including dry grass and leaves, shall not be located within the fallout area during a display x.x.5 Placement or Installation of Fireworks x.x.5.1 Prior to use of fireworks, the user shall read and follow label directions. The user shall never alter fireworks devices x.x.5.2 Prior to placement, fireworks shall be inspected carefully for defects, such as dents, bent ends, damaged interiors, and damaged plugs. Defective fireworks shall not be used x.x.5.3 Dispose of defective fireworks properly by soaking them in water for at least 10 minutes and then disposing of them in a trashcan x.x.5.4* Aerial fireworks shall be positioned and spaced so projectiles are propelled away from spectators, over the fallout area, and to afford maximum protection to the user. Under no circumstances shall fireworks be angled toward the spectator viewing area. A x.x.5.4 If there is doubt concerning the proper angling of fireworks, it is appropriate to fire one or more as a test for verification x.x.5.5 Fireworks shall never be placed in metal or glass containers x.x.5.6 Only place fireworks on a smooth, flat surface away from buildings x.x.6 Operation of Display x.x.6.1 Users shall have adequate water available for fire protection. Fire protection may include fire extinguishers, garden hoses, buckets of water or other means x.x.6.1 Users shall use only flashlights, electric lighting, or other nonincendive illumination such as chemiluminescent devices for illuminating With the addition of language in NFPA 1124 regulating the storage, packaging, and sale of consumer fireworks and the concerted efforts of the fireworks industry to promote and expand the sale and use of consumer fireworks, it is imperative that NFPA provide regulation on the use and display of consumer fireworks. NFPA 1123 Code for Fireworks Display would seem to be the appropriate standard to add these regulations. The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission reported that in 2000, children under 5 experienced almost 15 percent (900 injuries) of all fireworksrelated injuries. Children in the 5 to 14 age group accounted for about 35 percent (estimated 2,300) of all fireworks-related injuries. Together, children under 15 accounted for almost half the fireworks injuries. The age group 15 to 24 had about 20 percent of the injuries (1,300) and the 25 to 44 age group had almost 25 percent of the injuries (1,500). People over 45 experienced less than 10 percent of the injuries. The injury rates per 100,000 population were highest among children age 10 to 14 with 7.7 injuries per 100,000 people. Children between 5 and 14 years of age had 5.8 injuries per 100,000 people, followed by children under 5 with 4.9 injuries per 100,000 people. Young adults 15 to 19 had 4.1 injuries per 100,000 people. The shear number of injuries is justification for regulating the use of consumer fireworks. The text of this proposal was drafted using guidelines for the safe use of consumer fireworks published by the US Consumer Product Safety Commission and some excerpts from NFPA 1124 Code for the Manufacture, Transportation, Storage, and Retail Sales of Fireworks and Pyrotechnic Articles 2003 Edition. Currently, consumer fireworks are the only class of pyrotechnic devices not regulated by an NFPA standard. Even NFPA 1122 Code for Model Rocketry addresses the use of model rockets, which are similar to many consumer fireworks. Statement: The believes that it is unrealistic to expect that the inclusion of this material in NFPA 1 UFC will have a significant impact on the cited loss statistics, given that NFPA 1 UFC serves primarily as a Code for enforcement, as opposed to a public education tool. The submitterʼs proposal would have the ultimate effect of prohibiting the use of consumer fireworks, and if that is the intent, that issue should be addressed directly. The scope of the Pyrotechnics is limited by not allowing the development of standards for the use of consumer fireworks. This limitation was not at the ʼs request, but was specifically directed by the NFPA Standards Council. the firing area x.x.6.2 Smoking materials, matches, lighters or open flame devices not used to ignite the fireworks shall not be allowed within 50-ft (15 m) of any Log# 73 UFC-AAA Final Action: Reject area where fireworks are present. (66.1.2) x.x.6.3 No person shall be allowed in the discharge area while under the influence of alcohol, narcotics, or medication that could adversely affect judgment, mobility, or stability x.x.6.4 During the firing of fireworks, all personnel in the discharge site shall wear head protection, eye protection, hearing protection, and foot protection and shall wear cotton, wool, or similarly flame-resistant, longsleeved, long-legged clothing x.x.6.5 No person shall ever place any body part over aerial fireworks during the ignition and firing of a device x.x.6.6 The first aerial device fired shall be observed carefully to determine that its trajectory is such that the device functions over the fallout area and that any hazardous debris or unexploded fireworks land in the fallout area x.x.6.7 Users shall light only one fireworks device at a time x.x.6.8 Users shall never re-ignite malfunctioning fireworks. Malfunctioning fireworks shall be disposed of properly x.x.6.9 Fireworks shall not be fired if high winds, precipitation, or other adverse weather conditions prevail such that a significant hazard exists x.x.6.10 Users shall watch the flight and behavior of aerial fireworks to verify that they are functioning as intended. If any unsafe condition is detected, such as hazardous debris falling into the audience, the user shall cease firing until the unsafe condition is corrected x.x.6.11 Following a fireworks display, the user(s) shall conduct an inspection of the fallout area for the purpose of locating any unexploded aerial devices or live components. This inspection shall be conducted before access to the site shall be permitted x.x.6.12 Any fireworks found during the search shall not be handled until at least 15 minutes have elapsed from the time the fireworks were fired. The fireworks then shall be doused with water and allowed to remain for at least 5 additional minutes before being placed cautiously in a bucket of water. After soaking fireworks for at least 10 minutes, fireworks can be disposed of in a trashcan. Substantiation: 1124 states specifically that the use of consumer fireworks is not within the scope of this document. Consumer fireworks complying with strict regulations enacted by the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission function primarily by burning to produce motion and visible or audible effects. They are burning at approximately the same temperature as a household match and can cause burn injuries and ignite clothing if used improperly. Recommendation: Revise to read: Where the provisions of this chapter or NFPA 30 conflict with the provisions of Chapter 60, the provisions of this chapter and NFPA 30 shall apply, except that the maximum allowable quantities permitted in control areas shall not exceed those specified in Table (a) and Table (b). Substantiation: Chapter 60 establishes the maximum quantity of flammable and combustible liquids allowed outside of buildings that meets Protection Levels 1-5, as described in the building code. This change will ensure these limits take precedence over limits allowed in NFPA 30 and that all safety requirements prescribed in the fire and building code are in place. The model fire and building codes (ICBO, SBCCI, BOCA) used in the U.S. limit the quantity of flammable and combustible liquids in a building in accordance with maximum allowable quantity tables similar to those found in Chapter 60 of NFPA 1. The tables ensure a reasonable degree of fire and life safety, as well as firefighter safety, without undue impact on business operations. However, these tables have little value if subsequent chapters allow different quantities found in various standards. Statement: The existing text was added to each of the specific hazardous material chapters in NFPA 1 UFC to allow the various hazardous material Technical s charged with the scope of the specific material an opportunity to provide specific amounts for their hazardous material without being managed by the NFPA 1 UFC hazardous material chapters. This section was created as a compromise position to address the many NFPA specific hazardous material technical committeesʼ concerns and the NFPA Standards Councilʼs position on the Scoping Coordination Policy that encourages all the NFPA s to review and evaluate the use of the concepts and terminology used in NFPA 1 UFC and NFPA 5000 for the purpose of regulating hazardous materials in their respective documents. By making this change, it would limit the specific hazardous material committees by regulating an amount of hazardous material that NFPA 1 UFC and NFPA 5000 set and that they could not exceed in any situation. Also, the extract policy limits the ability of NFPA 1 UFC to supersede material under the control of other technical committees. The NFPA 1 UFC is 1-85

86 not permitted to change extracted text from another NFPA code or standard under the NFPA Extract Policy. It is noted that the NFPA 5000 project is working to coordinate the MAQ values in NFPA 5000 with the applicable NFPA codes and standards. This will ultimately bring correlation to NFPA 1 UFC Log# 149 UFC-AAA Final Action: Reject ( ) Submitter : Bill Murphy, Santa Fe Springs Fire Department Recommendation: Add new text to read as follows: Temporary Closure. Tanks remaining temporarily out of service for more than 1 year shall be permanently closed in place or removed in accordance or as applicable. An additional one year extension may be granted by the AHJ provided a site assessment is completed. Substantiation: The intent of the additional one year extension is to be consistent with 23 CCR section 2670(b), which allows a tank to remain in temporary closure if a site assessment is completed. The agency with the authority to administrate 23 CCR would be responsible to review the site assessment. Statement: The technical provisions contained in this proposal are within the scope of the NFPA 30. The existing text is extracted from NFPA 30. This is not permitted to change extracted text from another NFPA code or standard under the NFPA Extract Policy. Any modification to extracted text must be sent directly to the NFPA 30 that has jurisdiction over the requirements. This proposal will be forwarded to NFPA 30 for consideration Log# 74 UFC-AAA Final Action: Reject ( and (a) (New) ) Recommendation: Add a new section to read: Entry, Cleaning or Repair of Tanks or Containers. Tanks or containers, operating at nominal atmospheric pressure, that contain or have contained flammable and combustible liquids or other hazardous materials and related vapors or residues, shall be safeguarded in accordance with NFPA 326, Standard for Tanks and Containers for Entry, Cleaning or Repair, prior to entry, cleaning, repair or lining with a protective coating. 2. Add a new permit requirement in Table (a) by revising Item 6 under Flammable and Combustible Liquids as follows: 6. To install, alter, clean, repair, line with a protective coating, remove, abandon, place temporarily out of service, or otherwise dispose of a flammable or combustible liquid tank. Substantiation: A recent fatality incident in Washington State revealed that there is currently no clear requirement within NFPA 1 or NFPA 30 for flammable liquid tank cleaning and repair operations to comply with NFPA 326, Standard for Tanks and Containers for Entry, Cleaning and Repair. Nor is there a clear requirement to obtain a permit prior to engaging in these operations. The significant and tragic incident occurred during a tank lining operation and appears to have involved tanks with interconnected vapor recovery systems that were not adequately isolated. The proposed changes authorize the AHJ to issue permits and require compliance with NFPA 326 in an attempt to minimize similar incidents in the future. Statement: NFPA 326 is not currently referenced in NFPA 1 UFC and has not been reviewed by the NFPA 1 UFC. NFPA 326 is currently undergoing a major rewrite and is not available for this ʼs review. The UFC will review the updated edition for future consideration Log# 159 UFC-AAA Final Action: Reject (67.1, 67.2, A.67.1 (New) ) Submitter : Marcelo M. Hirschler, GBH International / Rep. National Cotton Council Recommendation: Add a new section to read as follows: Chapter 67 Flammable Solids 67.1 * General. The storage, use, and handling of flammable solids shall comply with the requirements of Chapter 60. The storage, use, and handling of flammable solids in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity permitted in control areas set forth in Chapter 60 shall also comply with the requirements of Chapter Outdoor Storage Location. The outdoor storage area for flammable solids shall not be located within 20 ft (6.1 m) of any building, property line, street, alley, public way, or means of egress to a public way, except as provided in Distance Reduction. An unpierced 2-hour fire-resistive wall extending not less than 30 in. (76 cm) above and to the sides of the storage area shall be permitted in lieu of the distance specified in Pile Size Limit. Flammable solids stored outdoors shall be separated into piles, not larger than 5000 ft 3 (141 m 3 ) Aisles. Aisle widths between piles shall not be less than one-half the height of the pi;less or 10 ft (3 m), whichever is greater. A.67.1 See information on densely-packed baled cotton in Chapter 3 and in Chapter 60. Substantiation: In order to counteract some historical anecdotal information regarding the combustibility characteristics of densely-packed cotton bales, flammability research was conducted, including the following experiments and results, with details contained towards the end of the substantiation: (1) Standard cotton fibre passed the Department of Transportation spontaneous combustion test: the cotton did not exceed the oven temperature and was not classified as self-heating. (2) Cotton within densely-packed cotton bales did not cause sustained smoldering propagation: an electric heater placed within the bale was unable to cause sustained smoldering propagation, due to the lack of oxygen inside the densely-packed bale. (3) Cotton within densely-packed cotton bales was exposed to ignition from a cigarette and a match and performed very well: no propagating combustion with either. (4) Cotton within densely-packed cotton bales was exposed to ignition from the gas burner source in ASTM E 1590 (also known as California Technical Bulletin 129; 12 L/min of propane gas for 180 seconds) and passed all the criteria of CA TB 129: mass loss of less than 1.36 kg (3 pounds), heat release rate less than 100 kw and total heat release of less than 25 MJ in the first 10 minutes of test. In consequence, the US Department of Transportation (US Coast Guard), the United Nations and the International Maritime Organization have all removed the listing of baled cotton from the list of hazardous materials, and from the list of flammable solids, provided the cotton bales are the type of bales listed above. Details on the fire test results and additional information has been provided with other proposals. Statement: The existing text is coordinated with NFPA 5000 for the regulation of hazardous materials and the 5000 BLD-IND TC rejected a similar proposal. The NFPA 1 UFC believes that the action on Proposal 1-35 (Log #168) and Proposal 1-34 (Log #170) meet the submitterʼs intent. This proposed code change would have proposed a definition in a footnote, and this is not permitted in accordance with the NFPA MOS. This is of the opinion, that cotton is more appropriately classified as a combustible fiber, rather than a flammable solid. This further notes that baled cotton does present a fire hazard, and it is associated with deep-seated fires that are difficult to control and extinguish once ignited. The also notes that the building height and area would also trigger the requirement for a sprinkler system Log# 75 UFC-AAA Final Action: Reject ( ) Recommendation: Revise to read: Where the provisions of Chapter 69 or NFPA 58 conflict with the provisions of Chapter 60, the provisions of this chapter and NFPA 58 shall apply, except that the maximum allowable quantities permitted in control areas shall not exceed those specified in Table (a) and Table (b). Substantiation: Chapter 60 establishes the maximum quantity of flammable and combustible liquids allowed outside of buildings that meets Protection Levels 1-5, as described in the building code. This change will ensure these limits take precedence over limits allowed in NFPA 30 and that all safety requirements prescribed in the fire and building code are in place. The model fire and building codes (ICBO, SBCCI, BOCA) used in the U.S. limit the quantity of flammable and combustible liquids in a building in accordance with maximum allowable quantity tables similar to those found in Chapter 60 of NFPA 1. The tables ensure a reasonable degree of fire and life safety, as well as firefighter safety, without undue impact on business operations. However, these tables have little value if subsequent chapters allow different quantities found in various standards. Statement: The existing text was added to each of the specific hazardous material chapters in NFPA 1 UFC to allow the various hazardous material Technical s charged with the scope of the specific material an opportunity to provide specific amounts for their hazardous

87 material without being managed by the NFPA 1 UFC hazardous material chapters. This paragraph was created as a compromise position to address the many NFPA specific hazardous material technical committeesʼ concerns and the NFPA Standards Councilʼs position on the Scoping Coordination Policy that encourages all the NFPA s to review and evaluate the use of the concepts and terminology used in NFPA 1 UFC and NFPA 5000 for the purpose of regulating hazardous materials in their respective documents. By making this change, it would limit the specific hazardous material committees by regulating an amount of hazardous material that NFPA 1 UFC and NFPA 5000 set and that they could not exceed in any situation. Also, the extract policy limits the ability of NFPA 1 UFC to supersede material under the control of other technical committees. The NFPA 1 UFC is not permitted to change extracted text from another NFPA code or standard under the NFPA Extract Policy. It is noted that the NFPA 5000 project is working to coordinate the MAQ values in NFPA 5000 with the applicable NFPA codes and standards. This will ultimately bring correlation to NFPA 1 UFC Log# 76 UFC-AAA Final Action: Reject ( ) Recommendation: Revise to read: Where the provisions of Section 70.2 or NFPA 430 conflict with the provisions of Chapter 60, the provisions of Section 70.2 and NFPA 430 shall apply, except that the maximum allowable quantities permitted in control areas shall not exceed those specified in Table (a) and Table (b). Substantiation: Chapter 60 establishes the maximum quantity of flammable and combustible liquids allowed outside of buildings that meets Protection Levels 1-5, as described in the building code. This change will ensure these limits take precedence over limits allowed in NFPA 30 and that all safety requirements prescribed in the fire and building code are in place. The model fire and building codes (ICBO, SBCCI, BOCA) used in the U.S. limit the quantity of flammable and combustible liquids in a building in accordance with maximum allowable quantity tables similar to those found in Chapter 60 of NFPA 1. The tables ensure a reasonable degree of fire and life safety, as well as firefighter safety, without undue impact on business operations. However, these tables have little value if subsequent chapters allow different quantities found in various standards. Statement: The existing text was added to each of the specific hazardous material chapters in NFPA 1 UFC to allow the various hazardous material Technical s charged with the scope of the specific material an opportunity to provide specific amounts for their hazardous material without being managed by the NFPA 1 UFC hazardous material chapters. This paragraph was created as a compromise position to address the many NFPA specific hazardous material technical committeesʼ concerns and the NFPA Standards Councilʼs position on the Scoping Coordination Policy that encourages all the NFPA s to review and evaluate the use of the concepts and terminology used in NFPA 1 UFC and NFPA 5000 for the purpose of regulating hazardous materials in their respective documents. By making this change, it would limit the specific hazardous material committees by regulating an amount of hazardous material that NFPA 1 UFC and NFPA 5000 set and that they could not exceed in any situation. Also, the extract policy limits the ability of NFPA 1 UFC to supersede material under the control of other technical committees. The NFPA 1 UFC is not permitted to change extracted text from another NFPA code or standard under the NFPA Extract Policy. It is noted that the NFPA 5000 project is working to coordinate the MAQ values in NFPA 5000 with the applicable NFPA codes and standards. This will ultimately bring correlation to NFPA 1 UFC Log# 77 UFC-AAA Final Action: Reject ( ) Recommendation: Revise to read: Where the provisions of Section 70.3 or NFPA 432 conflict with the provisions of Chapter 60, the provisions of Section 70.3 and NFPA 432 shall apply, except that the maximum allowable quantities permitted in control areas shall not exceed those specified in Table (a) and Table (b). Substantiation: Chapter 60 establishes the maximum quantity of flammable and combustible liquids allowed outside of buildings that meets Protection 1-87 Levels 1-5, as described in the building code. This change will ensure these limits take precedence over limits allowed in NFPA 30 and that all safety requirements prescribed in the fire and building code are in place. The model fire and building codes (ICBO, SBCCI, BOCA) used in the U.S. limit the quantity of flammable and combustible liquids in a building in accordance with maximum allowable quantity tables similar to those found in Chapter 60 of NFPA 1. The tables ensure a reasonable degree of fire and life safety, as well as firefighter safety, without undue impact on business operations. However, these tables have little value if subsequent chapters allow different quantities found in various standards. Statement: The existing text was added to each of the specific hazardous material chapters in NFPA 1 UFC to allow the various hazardous material Technical s charged with the scope of the specific material an opportunity to provide specific amounts for their hazardous material without being managed by the NFPA 1 UFC hazardous material chapters. This paragraph was created as a compromise position to address the many NFPA specific hazardous material technical committeesʼ concerns and the NFPA Standards Councilʼs position on the Scoping Coordination Policy that encourages all the NFPA s to review and evaluate the use of the concepts and terminology used in NFPA 1 UFC and NFPA 5000 for the purpose of regulating hazardous materials in their respective documents. By making this change, it would limit the specific hazardous material committees by regulating an amount of hazardous material that NFPA 1 UFC and NFPA 5000 set and that they could not exceed in any situation. Also, the extract policy limits the ability of NFPA 1 UFC to supersede material under the control of other technical committees. The NFPA 1 UFC is not permitted to change extracted text from another NFPA code or standard under the NFPA Extract Policy. It is noted that the NFPA 5000 project is working to coordinate the MAQ values in NFPA 5000 with the applicable NFPA codes and standards. This will ultimately bring correlation to NFPA 1 UFC Log# 140 UFC-AAA Final Action: Reject (Chapter 74 (New)) Submitter : Fred Millar, Friend of the Earth Recommendation: Add a new section X.X.x to NFPA 1, Uniform Fire Code, to read as follows: Certain hazardous materials cargoes shall not be transported by highway or rail into or out of a High Threat Target Area, as designated by the US department of Homeland security except where the shipper of the hazardous material has obtained a permit from the local fire department or other locally designated agency. Permit Conditions. (a) No permit shall be issued pursuant to this section except where the shipper of the hazardous materials has demonstrated that: (1) No practical alternative route to passage through the High Threat Target Area exists; or (2) The ultimate destination for the hazardous materials is an approved facility located in the High Threat Target Area; or (3) An emergency requires passage through the area. (b) Any shipments authorized to be transported shall conform to routes, times and other safety conditions specified by the fire chief or other locally designated agency. Section 3 Applicability. (a) This section shall apply to the same categories and quantities of hazardous materials as covered by 49 CRF Part (b)(1-5), except they shall not apply to: (1) Radioactive truck shipments as defined in 49 CFR ; (2) Division 1.3 explosives as defined in 49 CFR 173; (3) A shipment of a quantity of hazardous materials in a bulk packaging having a capacity equal to or greater than 13,248 liters (3,500 gallons) for liquids or gases or more than cubic meters (468 cubic feet) for solids, as defined in 49 CFR (b)(4), but which materials are not included in the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances in the U.S. Department of Transportation Emergency Response Guidebook, Year 2000 and subsequent versions. (4) A shipment in other than a bulk packaging of 2,268 kilograms (5,000 pounds) gross weight or more of one class of hazardous materials for which placarding of a vehicle, rail car, or freight container is required for that class under the provisions of subpart F of this part as defined in 40 CFR (b)(4), but which material is not included in the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances in the US Department of Transportation Emergency Response Guidebook, Year 2000 and subsequent versions. (b) This section shall apply to truck and rail shipments of liquefied natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas. Substantiation: In a new time calling for a maximum effort in terrorism prevention, state and local fire officials need guidance and assistance in dealing with hazmats transportation threats, especially those which the

88 federal agencies describe as attractive targets for terrorism, even as Weapons of Mass Destruction. Having a chlorine rail tank car passing - unnecessarily - within four blocks of the White House [see photo in supporting material, taken September 2003], and other trophy buildings in High Threat Target Areas, and very close to target work forces, seems hardly acceptable these days. The efficacy of the voluntary efforts of the railroads and other hazmats shippers to upgrade security and terrorism prevention are unknown and need new and sustained government scrutiny and a reassessment of the adequacy of the governmentʼs current hands-off posture. Certainly the earlier GAO report on rail security suggests that such scrutiny is called for - without which, we have no idea of how adequate the railroadsʼ and truckersʼ efforts are. The proposed new section is compatible with the thrust of UFC Section Security; Attendance, and many other sections of Article 80 dealing with security of hazardous materials in storage, transportation and use, especially those sections concerned with site security and with the needed distance from storage to exposures of various classes of hazardous materials. Individual target institutions (the White House and the Pentagon are prime examples) are in fact acting strongly to employ such principles to protect themselves from threats they have assesses in hazmats transportation (see supporting material), but their actions do not offer the atrisk Substantiation: The term Fire Lane has been commonly utilized terminology utilized throughout the fire service, development community and the public for many years. The term Fire Apparatus Access Road is a new term which has the potential to create confusion with the traditional term of Fire Lane. This annex language will relate the two terms in an appropriate manner. Meeting Action: Accept in Principle 1. Retain the existing definition of Fire Department Access Road but add a new definition of Fire Lane to read: 3.3.xx Fire Lane. A fire department access road, which is marked with approved signs or other approved notices. 2. Add the submitterʼs recommended annex to the new definition of Fire Lane. A.3.3.xx The traditional term fire lane is no longer utilized in this Code. However, a fire department access road which is marked and prohibits obstructions in accordance with paragraph would meet the traditional intent of a fire lane. Statement: This change supports changes proposed to Section See Action on Proposal (Log #98) and Proposal (Log #108). populations nearby the same protection. The proposed section is modeled on the longstanding and court-approved New York City Fire Code, Section 40, which in turn uses language similar to that in 49 CFR (the old version, now (b)(1)), that says in effect that Log# CP21 UFC-AAA (A Hazard of Contents (New) ) Final Action: Accept hazmat trucks should use routes that avoid cities unless there is no practicable way around. In practice this is virtually unenforced and perhaps unenforceable. The proposed section is designed to cover both rail and truck shipments of the most dangerous cargoes. There are no federal routing safety regulations for hazmats shipments by rail, and, even more significantly, no security routing regulations at all in the post-9/11 terrorism-prevention context. In addition, the whole subject area is so new that the legal field seems a tabula rasa: there seems to be no legal prededents for what a city or state may legally do to protect itself from potential terrorism in hazmats transportation. While FRA and other model agencies of US DOT have not acted after 9/11 to mandate or ensure that any rail or highway rerouting is used to lower terrorist risks, DOTʼs RSPA in its new HM-232 Security Plan regulations obviously declined to mandate such rerouting either, and in fact RSPA not-so-bravely dropped the work routing from even any mention in the final regulation. So it is apparently left to states and cities to protect themselves from unnecessary ongoing through hazmats shipments that the recent RSPA documents (in docket HM-232, p. 3 of the Cost-Benefit Analysis ) and railroad hazmats personnel alike are candid in characterizing as Weapons of Mass Destruction. In this latter document, with its powerful justification for the (disappointingly) minimalist HM-232 Security Plan mandates) that provides the single best technical justification for a new Uniform Fire Code section dealing with terrorism prevention through hazmats rerouting, including the calculations of the economic and human impacts of potential successful attacks using hazardous cargoes. We do not feel this analysis is sufficient, however, to assess the impacts of a large toxic gas release, and we attach herein the graphic testimony given by the US Naval Research Labs in the District of Columbia Council, on October 6, According to a former high-level hazardous-materials regulator for the U.S. Department of Transportation, the release of material from a single ammonia tank truck in a populated area could cause a disaster on the level of the 1984 chemical spill in Bhopal, India. In that spill, 3,000 people died in one night and 100,000 were injured. Further, the D.C.-based Chlorine Institute warns Submitter : Technical on Uniform Fire Code Recommendation: Add a new annex to to read: A Hazardous materials are materials that present physical or health hazards and are regulated by the Code. The categories of materials classified as physical and/or health hazards have been established in concert with those categories identified by OSHA in 29 CFR that are used by preparers of Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS). In some cases, the hazard categories are further subdivided into classes that have long been established by NFPA codes and standards. For example, while OSHA recognizes flammable liquids as a broad class including those that are combustible, such liquids are further categorized by Building and Fire Codes with respect to degree of hazard under the system of classification used by NFPA to include Class I, II and III liquids, and they are further subdivided within these classes to Class IA, IB, etc. A similar approach is used for materials in other categories when there are subcategories of hazard established by existing NFPA codes and standards including oxidizers, unstable reactives, organic peroxides, water reactives and others. Under the classification system used by OSHA, a hazardous material can have one or more physical or health hazards in categories not currently regulated by the code for example, irritants, sensitizers, radioactive materials, etiological agents and others. This is not to say that these materials are not hazardous materials rather that the Code does not provide specific regulation for the hazard category represented. The Code defines contents as either High Hazard, Low Hazard or Ordinary Hazard. The category of High Hazard, which includes hazardous materials, is subdivided into groups where the hazards of the groups are comparable, i.e., High Hazard Level 1-5. See A Substantiation: The added useful annex material to provide guidance to Code users for a concept that is not well understood. This action coordinates the use of this term between NFPA 1 UFC and NFPA See Proposal (LogCP #1607). Meeting Action: Accept companies that use chlorine gas that just one 90 ton rail tank car could release a toxic cloud more than 40 miles long. Note: Supporting material is available for review at NFPA Headquarters. Statement: NFPA 1 UFC does not regulate the off-site transportation of hazardous materials Log# 101 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept in Principle (A (New) ) Submitter : Eddie Phillips, Southern Regional Fire Code Development Recommendation: Insert a new annex to to read: A The traditional term fire lane is no longer utilized in this Code. However, a fire department access road which is marked and prohibits obstructions in accordance with section would meet the traditional intent of a fire lane Log# CP10 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept (A.4.4.4) Submitter : Technical on Uniform Fire Code Recommendation: Revise existing Annex text in A to read: A Fire alarm s systems alert occupants to initiate emergency procedures, facilitate orderly conduct of fire drills, and initiate response by emergency services. Substantiation: The is revising the wording to be consistent with the corresponding wording in NFPA Meeting Action: Accept Log# CP16 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept (A ) Submitter : Technical on Uniform Fire Code Recommendation: Delete existing A Substantiation: This action deletes an incorrect reference that appears in the current Code. 1-88

89 Meeting Action: Accept with Recommended Good Practices. However, since 1939, the booklet was commonly referred to as the Blue Book. Numerous revisions were made over the years to keep current, and the Log# 117 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept in Principle last revision was made in Early in 1978, the committee for the Blue (H.5.2) Book requested that the NFPA consider a standard on baled cotton storage and handling based on the Blue Book recommended practices. The NFPA Submitter : Eddie Phillips, Southern Regional Fire Code Development Correlating for Storage expanded the scope to include all fibers in baled form, which were covered in NFPA 44, Storage of Combustible Recommendation: Revise to read: Fibers, which was withdrawn many years ago. Little data was found on H.5.2 Buildings Other than One- and Two-Family Dwellings. The fire experience for baled fibers other than cotton, and that data was largely minimum fire flow and flow duration for buildings other than one- and twofamily dwellings shall be as specified in Table H.5.1. empirical in nature. There from, the former NFPA 231E, Recommended Practice for the Storage H Exception: A reduction in required fire flow of up to 75 percent, of Baled Cotton, was developed by consensus of a test group formed in 1978 as approved, is allowed when the building is provided with an approved that was made up of the cotton warehousing, cotton processing, and insurance automatic sprinkler system. The resulting fire flow shall not be less than 1000 industries, under the auspices of the Technical on General Storage. gal per minute (3785 L/min.). The recommendations were limited to cotton fiber in baled form with the H A reduction in required fire flow of up to 75 percent, as approved, is intent to convert to a standard as field experience became available to further allowed when the building is provided with an approved automatic sprinkler substantiate its content. system which utilizes quick response heads. The resulting fire flow shall not be less than 600 gal per minute. In the 1990s, experimental work by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and Substantiation: The 1000 GPM minimum for small sprinklered building others (Wakelyn and Hughs, 2002), investigated the flammability of cotton is onerous. Based on the current language, a 2,000 square foot sprinklered bales with a packing density of at least 22 lb/ft 3 (360 kg/m 2 ). The research convenience store would require a 1,000 GPM minimum fire flow. The showed that such cotton bales (densely packed cotton bales) did not undergo unsprinklered property would require 1,500 GPM. The property protection self-heating nor spontaneous combustion and that the likelihood of sustained benefits of sprinkler protection is clearly evident in the Scottsdale Report. smoldering combustion internal to the cotton bale, creating a delayed fire From January 1, 1985 through January 1, 1996, the estimated sprinkler flow hazard, was extremely low. The same research also showed that, when the per residential incident was 209 GPM. For the same period, the estimated cotton bales were exposed to smoldering cigarettes, matches, and open flames suppression flow per residential incident was 3,290 GPM. Although this (including the gas burner ignition source used for the mattress tests ASTM applies to single-family residences, the utilization of an NFPA 13 system E 1590 and California Technical Bulletin 129), the probability of initiating would provide greater coverage. NFPA 13 recognizes the additional protection flaming combustion was at such a low level as not to qualify the densely provided by quick response heads by allowing a reduction in design area. This packed cotton bales as flammable solids. These investigations resulted in proposal would recognize this same benefit by permitting a reduced fire flow harmonization between the U.S. Department of Transportation (49 CFR that would be applicable to small buildings , note 137), the United Nations Recommendations on the Transport of Meeting Action: Accept in Principle Dangerous Goods, the International Maritime Organization (the International Revise existing H.5.2 to read: Maritime Dangerous Goods Code), and the International Civil Aviation H.5.2 Buildings Other than One- and Two-Family Dwellings. The Organizationʼs Technical Instructions, with the removal of the flammable minimum fire flow and flow duration for buildings other than one- and twofamily dwellings shall be as specified in Table H.5.1. ʻʻCotton Bales - Dimensions and Density, ʼʼ and the exemption of such cotton solid designation from densely packed cotton bales, complying with ISO 8115, H A reduction in required fire flow of up to 75 percent, as approved, is bales from the Hazardous Materials Regulations. allowed when the building is protected throughout by an approved automatic sprinkler system. The resulting fire flow shall not be less than 1000 gpm With the merger of a number of general storage standards in 1999, and the (3785 L/min). incorporation of the information into NFPA 1 (identified as Annex L), and it H A reduction in required fire flow of up to 75 percent, as approved, is is shown in this annex is guidance for the user. allowed when the building is protected throughout by an approved automatic sprinkler system, which utilizes quick response sprinklers throughout. The L.1.2 Scope. resulting fire flow shall not be less than 600 gpm (2270 L/min). L This annex provides fire protection guidance for the storage of baled Statement: The agrees with the submitterʼs cotton in buildings and in yards. substantation and added provision H into Annex H with a revision in wording from quick response heads to quick response sprinklers. L None of the provisions outlined should be considered mandatory. However, property owners are recommended to follow these guidelines as Ballot Results: Affirmative: 28 Negative: 1 a minimum means of limiting fire spread by the application of the storage Explanation of Negative: methods specified by the separation of major storages using fire walls or clear KOFFEL: I understand the ʼs desire to encourage residential spaces and by the provision of an adequate means of extinguishment. sprinkler systems. However, a reduction in the fire flow for buildings protected with quick response sprinklers in not appropriate. Although L These guidelines can be applied to new or existing facilities. NFPA 13 reduces the water supply demand for QR sprinklers, the fire flow L New technologies or alternative arrangements that offer protection calculation in Annex H would only be required if the sprinkler system failed features superior to those outlined are not intended to be restricted. to control the fire. I am not aware of any statistical analysis that compares the reliability of quick response and standard response sprinklers. Also, it should L.1.3 General. be noted that quick response sprinklers, as defined in NFPA 13, does not include residential sprinkler Log# CP32 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept (Annex L (New)) Submitter : Technical on Uniform Fire Code Recommendation: Add a new Annex L to read: Annex L Protection of Baled Cotton History of Guidelines This annex is not a part of the requirements of this NFPA document but is included for informational purposes only. L.1 Introduction. L.1.1 Origin. In the early 1900s, a group of marine underwriters formulated regulations to reduce the frequency of excessive fire loss in baled cotton facilities. In 1916, following a joint conference with the cotton industry, guidelines were established under the title Specifications and Standards (also known as Marine Standards). From 1947 through 1969, the sponsorship was through the Cotton Warehouse and Inspection Service (dissolved in 1969). In 1967, interested insurance rating bureaus were added as sponsors, and, in 1969, to prevent conflicts with various rating bureau schedules, the word Standards was replaced 1-89 L Cotton fiber, unless stored as densely packed cotton bales, is readily ignitible and burns freely and, when stored in relatively large quantities, poses special fire control problems not generally encountered in other common commodities. Densely packed cotton bales are difficult to ignite and do not burn easily. Cotton fiber is compressed to various densities into baled form for transport, storage, and handling and is largely covered by industry-accepted packaging materials. The bales are bound by wire bands, polyester plastic strapping or cold rolled high tensile steel strapping, and covered with fully coated or strip coated woven polypropylene, polyethylene film, or burlap. Uncovered bale surfaces normally are ragged in appearance due to the loose fibrous material not confined by the binding or wrapping. In the past, this ragged appearance was also further aggravated by sampling, which exposed additional fibrous material and could contribute to the rapid spread of fire. This is no longer an issue, as current cotton industry standards (for example by the Joint Cotton Industry Bale Packaging ) requires bales to be fully covered and sample hole to be patched thereby minimizing the presence of exposed cotton. The storage of cotton bales that are not densely packed cotton bales, in relatively large quantities can pose severe fire control problems due to the potential for surface flammability and the large area of involvement that could overcome even a well designed and supplied sprinkler system. Therefore, this annex takes into consideration limits on the number of bales, other than

90 densely packed cotton bales, per building or fire division and the size of storage blocks. Where the bales are tiered or piled in buildings or outdoors, the loose surface fibers are easily ignited in the presence of an ignition source and the fire can spread rapidly over the entire mass or body of the material. Fire then can burrow into the bale interiors making detection and extinguishment difficult, particularly in large mass storage. A quick, hot fire then can ensue and spread beyond the control of ordinary extinguishing methods. However, it has been shown (Wakelyn and Hughs, 2002) that fire will not spread rapidly over the surface of densely packed cotton bales. In properly arranged storage and with adequate automatic sprinkler protection, fire normally is confined to the pile of origin, although an aisle fire can be expected to involve more than one tier or pile. Sprinklers usually operate beyond the confines of the fire and wet down bales immediately adjacent to the burning pile. If adequate sprinkler protection is lacking, if tiers or piles are too large or high, if aisle separation is not properly maintained, or if the loosely packed bales are otherwise improperly arranged, damage to the section, building, or area of involvement will be more severe, if not totally destructive. L Common causes of fire in baled cotton, other than densely packed bales, include, but are not limited to, the following: (1) Fire-packed bales from the ginning or other processes (2) Extraneous sparks from sources such as vehicle exhausts and incinerators (3) Miscellaneous sources such as cutting and welding, electrical and mechanical faults, and smoking L.2 Building Construction. L.2.1 Construction. Buildings used for the storage of baled cotton that is stored and protected in accordance with these guidelines are permitted to be of any of the types described in NFPA 220, Standard on Types of Building Construction. L.2.2 Emergency Smoke and Heat Venting. The protection outlined in these guidelines applies to buildings with or without roof vents and draft curtains. L.2.3 Fire Divisions or Clear Spaces Between Buildings. L A fire division is a building, compartment, or section cut off by fire walls or separation. L Fire divisions or clear spaces between buildings should be in accordance with NFPA 80A, Recommended Practice for Protection of Buildings from Exterior Fire Exposures. L Storage of baled cotton, other than densely packed cotton bales, generally has a fire load in excess of 15 lb/ft 2 (73 kg/m 2 ), which would place its classification, according to NFPA 80A, Recommended Practice for Protection of Buildings from Exterior Fire Exposures, in the severe category. L Fire walls should be of masonry and rated for at least 4 hours (based on NFPA 251, Standard Methods of Tests of Fire Endurance of Building Construction and Materials; ASTM E 119, Standard Methods of Fire Tests of Building Construction and Materials; and UL 263, Standard for Safety Fire Tests of Fire Resistance of Building Construction and Materials). For a complete description of construction Types I, II, III, IV, and V, see NFPA 220, Standard on Types of Building Construction. Such walls should be parapeted as follows: (1) For wood frame [Type V ( )] and ordinary or heavy timber masonry [Type III ( ) and Type IV (2HH)], construction parapets should extend at least 5 ft (1.5 m) above the highest point of any adjacent monitor or roof structure within 50 ft (15 m) of the fire wall. Where the monitors or the roof structure adjoins a fire wall, the parapet should extend not less than 7 1/2 ft (2.3 m) horizontally from the vertical side of the roof structure. If intersecting end or side walls are other than masonry, the fire wall should extend outward 10 ft (3.1 m) beyond the end or side wall or should be teed at the ends 10 ft (3.1 m) from each side of the wall or should be elled 20 ft (6.1 m) and of an equivalent fire rating. (2) For noncombustible construction [Type II (000)] other than that outlined in L.2.3.2(3), parapets should be at least 2 1/2 ft (0.75 m) above the roof. If intersecting side walls are other than masonry, such wall construction should conform to the specifications of L.2.3.2(1). (3) For noncombustible construction [Type II ( )] having masonry walls and with roofs of concrete, gypsum, or Class 1 (UL-classified) metal deck, the parapet should extend at least 12 in. (30 cm) above the roof. (4) For walls and roofs of fire-resistive construction [Type I ( )], parapets are not necessary L Fire walls should be free of openings. Where openings are necessary, the number should be kept to the minimum necessary, and each side should be protected by an approved and listed 3-hour-rated fire door installed in accordance with NFPA 80, Standard for Fire Doors and Fire Windows. Doors should be automatic closing with detectors or fusible links installed on both sides of the opening and interconnected so that the operation of any single detector or fusible link closes both doors simultaneously. L Substantial guards of a size to protect fire doors from damage or obstruction should be provided. L.3 Storage Arrangements. L.3.1 General. This section applies to storage of baled cotton, other than densely packed cotton bales, in buildings protected by a sprinkler system in accordance with Section L.4, or to those not so protected. The tier heights, block sizes, and aisle widths outlined are permitted but represent recommended maximum and minimum limitations. Fire experience and fire tests of high-piled commodities have shown that lower pile heights, smaller block sizes, and wider aisles result in a substantial delay in fire spread and in providing for manual fire fighting. Automatic sprinkler effectiveness is also improved substantially, with a reduction in water demand and a decrease in the quantity of goods damaged. Fire tests with densely packed cotton bales have shown that such products are difficult to ignite and release little heat when ignited. L.3.2 Storage Blocks. L Storage blocks, tiered or untiered, or in racks, should be limited to 700 bales of compressed cotton and 350 bales of uncompressed cotton (unless the bales are densely packed cotton bales). L The height of tiered or rack storage should be limited to a nominal 4.6 m (15 ft). Rack storage, as used in this document, contemplates baled cotton, other than densely packed cotton bales, in a skeleton steel pipe or tubular frame, without shelving, and is limited to a single- or double-row configuration not in excess of two bales deep. L Rack storage should not extend over aisles or doorways. L Racks should not be loaded beyond their design capacity and should be designed for seismic conditions in areas where seismic resistance for buildings is required. L.3.3 Aisles. L Aisles should be provided and maintained to minimize the spread of fire and to allow convenient access for fire fighting, removal of storage, and salvage operations. L At least one main aisle, 12 ft (3.7 m) or more in width, should be provided in each fire division and arranged to subdivide the storage into two or more approximately equal areas. L Cross aisles separating each storage block should be at least 4 ft (1.2 m) in width. The recommended 4 ft (1.2 m) aisles allow sprinkler water to penetrate the lower areas of storage. However, for aisles less than 8 ft (2.4 m) in width, a fire can be expected to communicate readily from one block to another, especially in the case of an easily ignitible commodity such as cotton fiber. L Where a 15 ft (4.6 m) cross aisle is provided after every fourth or fifth tiered block, each storage block can be increased to 800 bales of compressed cotton and 400 bales of uncompressed cotton. This provision does not apply to densely packed cotton bales, which have low ignition potential. The purpose of this alternate method of tiered storage is to encourage wider cross aisles at least intermittently, without reducing the recommended storage capacity, as an aid in reducing the potential for rapid surface flammability. Because of the increase in block sizes, however, consulting the AHJ prior to practicing this method is recommended. L Cross aisles separating each single- or double-row rack storage configuration should be at least 10 ft (3.1 m) in width. L Aisles should be maintained free of loose cotton fibers. L.3.4 Freshly Ginned Cotton Bales. See L.5.4. L.3.5 Storage of Commodities Other than Cotton. L Cotton warehouses, in general, can be used for the storage of other commodities, subject to the following: (1) The storage of other commodities in a building is permitted where baled cotton is not stored. (2) High-hazard commodities, such as nitrates or similar oxidizing materials, flammable liquids or gases, explosives, or materials of a highly combustible nature, should not be permitted where baled cotton is stored in the fire division.

91 (3) Any commodities that could be hazardous in combination with each (3) Valved hose connections on sprinkler risers where such connections are other should be stored so that they cannot come in contact with each other. made upstream of the sprinkler control valves L Where storing other commodities with storage of baled cotton, other than densely packed cotton bales, a clear space of at least 15 ft (4.6 m) should be maintained between the baled cotton storage and other commodities. L Where commodities of different classifications are permitted and stored in the same building, whether on a seasonal or other basis, the protection should be adequate for the most hazardous material. (For protection of other commodities, refer to the main body of this code or to the other applicable NFPA storage standards.) L.3.6 Clearances. L Proper clearances from lights or light fixtures should be maintained to prevent possible ignition. Incandescent light fixtures should have guards to prevent ignition of a commodity from hot bulbs where the possibility of contact exists. L No storage should be located within 3 ft (0.9 m) of any electrical switch or panel boards and fuse boxes. L Storage of baled cotton, other than densely packed cotton bales, and other combustibles should be kept at least 4 ft (1.2 m) from fire door openings so that the transmission of fire through a door opening is minimized. L At least 2 ft (0.6 m) of clearance should be maintained around all doors (other than as indicated in L.3.6.3), fire protection equipment (including automatic sprinkler risers, controlling valves, hose stations, and portable extinguishers), and telephones for accessibility. L A clearance of at least 3 ft (0.9 m) should be maintained between the top of storage and the roof or ceiling construction in order to allow sufficient space for the effective use of hose streams in buildings not equipped with automatic sprinkler protection. L.4 Fire Protection. L.4.1 Automatic Sprinkler Systems. L Automatic sprinkler protection is not part of the recommendations of this annex. However, it is unfortunate that, in a fire situation, human response is, in most cases, unreliable in the first critical moments of fire development. Sprinkler protection is, therefore, the most reliable method of fire detection and suppression. Property owners are encouraged to provide sprinkler protection as the best means of minimizing a large loss. (See L.3.5 for sprinkler protection for other than cotton fiber storage.) L Automatic sprinkler systems, where provided, should be installed in accordance with NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, where modified by this annex. L Clearance between the top of the storage and the sprinkler deflectors should be at least 18 in. (45 cm). Building heights should allow for proper clearance between the pile height and sprinkler deflectors. Fire tests of high-piled storage have shown that sprinklers are generally more effective if located 1 1/2 ft to 4 1/2 ft (0.45 m to 1.4 m) above the storage height. L.4.2 Water Supplies. L The total water supply available should be sufficient to provide the recommended sprinkler discharge density over the area to be protected, plus a minimum of 500 gpm (2000 L/min) for hose streams. L Water supplies should be capable of supplying the total demand for sprinklers and hose streams for not less than 2 hours. L Recommended water supplies contemplate successful sprinkler operation when installed. However, because of the potential for rapid surface flammability and inherent unfavorable features of warehousing of loose cotton fibers, an adequate water supply should be available for fire department use. L.4.3 Hydrants. At locations without public hydrants, private hydrants should be provided in accordance with NFPA 24, Standard for the Installation of Private Fire Service Mains and Their Appurtenances. L.4.4 Manual Inside Protection. L Small Hose. In buildings of 15,000 ft 2 (1380 m 2 ) or larger, small hose [1 1/2 in. (38 mm)], with combination water spray nozzle, should be provided to reach any portion of a storage area with due consideration to access aisle configuration with a maximum length of 100 ft (30 m) of hose. Such small hose should be supplied from one of the following: (1) Outside hydrants (2) A separate piping system for small hose stations in accordance with NFPA 14, Standard for the Installation of Standpipe and Hose Systems (4) Adjacent sprinkler systems in accordance with NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems L Portable Fire Extinguishers. Portable listed fire extinguishers should be provided in accordance with NFPA 10, Standard for Portable Fire Extinguishers, and as amended by this section. Up to one-half of the required complement of portable fire extinguishers for Class A fires can be omitted in storage areas where fixed small hose lines are installed in accordance with L L Cotton and its wrappings represent a Class A fire. Experience has shown that extinguishment using wet water a chemical agent additive to lower the surface tension of water, thus increasing its penetrating and spreading qualities is the most effective on baled cotton fires. Plain water is effective on surface fires but lacks the penetrating power of wet water. Dry chemical extinguishers using sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, or potassium chloride base powders have been used to control a surface fire on baled fibers and work mainly by coating the fiber with the fire-retardant powder. However, such chemicals do not affect a smoldering or burrowing fire beneath the surface. L Additional listed extinguishers, suitable for Class B and C fires, or multipurpose types, should be provided at each press location and for each motorized vehicle or area of hazard other than Class A. L Wetting Agent Extinguishing Units. L Pressurized, wheeled, listed, wetting agent extinguishing units, as specified in NFPA 18, Standard on Wetting Agents, can be used subject to the AHJ in lieu of Class A conventional types or small hose lines, provided the following: (1) The unit(s) has an equivalent extinguishing effectiveness of 20A for each 15,000 ft 2 (1380 m 2 ) of floor area or less. (2) The unit(s) has an equivalent extinguishing effectiveness of 40A or more for each 30,000 ft 2 (2760 m 2 ) of floor area. L Placement of extinguishing units should be at locations readily accessible to the main aisles and properly protected from damage. L Nonfreezing-Type Extinguishers. Extinguishers should be of the nonfreezing type or protected against freezing where necessary. L.4.5 Alarm Service. L Automatic sprinkler systems should have approved central station, local, auxiliary, remote station, or proprietary waterflow supervised alarm service. Local waterflow alarm service is permitted where standard guard service is provided in accordance with NFPA 601, Standard for Security Services in Fire Loss Prevention. Alarm service should comply with NFPA 72, National Fire Alarm Code. L Valves should be supervised in accordance with NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems. L.4.6 Fire Emergency Planning. L Arrangements should be made to allow rapid entry into the premises by the municipal fire department, police department, or other authorized personnel in the case of fire or other emergency. L Industrial fire brigades, where provided, should be in compliance with NFPA 600, Standard on Industrial Fire Brigades. L Manual fire-fighting operations should not be considered to be a substitute for sprinkler operation. The sprinkler system should be kept in operation during manual fire-fighting operations until visibility has improved so that the fire can be clearly seen and the extent of fire has been reduced to a mop-up stage. Charged hose lines are essential to be available before venting is started because of a possible increase in fire intensity. When a sprinkler valve is closed, a designated person should remain at the valve so it can be opened promptly if necessary. The water supply for the sprinkler system should be augmented, where possible, and care should be exercised so that the water supply for the sprinkler system is not rendered ineffective by the use of excessive hose streams. L Fire departments should be encouraged to make periodic inspections of the property in cooperation with management and personnel for the purposes of loss prevention and prefire planning. For further information, see NFPA 13E, Recommended Practice for Fire Department Operations in Properties Protected by Sprinkler and Standpipe Systems. L A fire watch should be maintained when the sprinkler protection system is not in service. 1-91

92 L.5 Yard Storage. (8) Clear and clean of loose cotton, dry grass, weeds, and combustible trash for a distance of at least 50 ft (15 m) around the yard perimeter L.5.1 General. L In the case of buildings, sprinklered or unsprinklered, the clear L This section applies to baled cotton storage yards designated for that space can be reduced up to 50 percent if construction is fire resistive or if purpose. Generally, yards are at or convenient to compression warehouses and facing walls are masonry and parapeted with adequately protected openings. gins but can include storage at locations remote from routine operations. This area reduction can also be permitted to be applied to noncombustible L This section refers to seed cotton trailers or modules, vehicles, buildings of a type limited to corrugated iron or asbestos panel walls and roof incinerators, and other facilities, or exposures from same, only for the purpose on a steel frame. of establishing recommended distances to designated yard storage areas. L.5.6 Fire Protection. L.5.2 Site. Preference should be given to locations having adequate public fire and police protection, adequately supplied fire hydrants for protection of yard areas, good drainage, all-weather roads or driveways for emergency vehicle use, and remoteness from buildings or other combustible storages or facilities that could constitute an exposure hazard. L.5.3 Storage Arrangements. L Tiered storage is not recommended; however, yard or outdoor storage conditions can necessitate storage methods other than those outlined. The AHJ should be consulted for approval in such cases. L Storage should be arranged to provide reasonable fire breaks and ready access for fire fighting. L A row of storage should be limited to 100 bales. L Maximum storage limitations should be as follows: (1) Protected block, 10 rows (1000 bales) (2) Unprotected block, five rows (500 bales) (3) Protected yard, five protected blocks (5000 bales) (4) Unprotected yard, five unprotected blocks (2500 bales) (5) Protected group yard, four protected yards (20,000 bales) (6) Unprotected group yard, four unprotected yards (10,000 bales) L Minimum clear spaces should be as follows: (1) Distance of 10 ft (3.1 m) between parallel rows and 25 ft (7.6 m) between rows arranged end-to-end (2) Distance of 50 ft (15 m) between protected or unprotected blocks (3) Distance of 200 ft (60 m) between protected or unprotected yards (4) Distance 1000 ft (300 m) between protected or unprotected group yards L Rows should be arranged so that prevailing winds blow in the direction of the parallel clear spaces between rows. L.5.4 Quarantine Yards. L Freshly ginned cotton bales, commonly called fire-packed bales, are highly subject to insidious fires originating from the ginning operation. Known or suspect fire-packed bales should be marked as such and kept segregated from other contents or buildings for a period of not less than 5 days. If no fire is detected after that period, the bales then can be handled in a normal manner. L A clear space of at least 100 ft (30 m) from any yard storage and 25 ft (7.6 m) from all buildings should be established as a quarantine area for known or suspect fire-packed bales. L Known or suspect fire-packed bales should be separated from each other by at least a 10 ft (3.1 m) clear space. L.5.5 Unobstructed Clear Space. L Except as noted in L unobstructed clear space to designated yard storage should be maintained as follows: (1) Distance of 100 ft (30 m) to any approved sprinklered building (2) Distance of 200 ft (60 m) to any nonapproved sprinklered or nonsprinklered building (3) Distance of 200 ft (60 m) to an approved incinerator (4) Distance of 500 ft (150 m) to a nonapproved incinerator or open fire (5) Distance of 100 ft (30 m) to vehicle and seed trailer, or module parking areas and trash piles (6) Distance of 50 ft (15 m) to roadways and railroad main lines and sidings (7) Distance of 200 ft (60 m) upwind of any reconditioning activity 1-92 L To qualify as a protected yard, hydrants should comply with L.4.3, except where amended by Section L.5. L All areas of yard storage should be within 500 ft (152.5 m) of a fire hydrant. Adequate clearance should be maintained between storage and hydrants. L Hydrant equipment for each yard group (20,000 bales) should consist of the following: (1) 250 ft (75 m) of 2 1/2 in (65 mm) hose (2) 300 ft (90 m) of 1 1/2 in. (38 mm) hose with provisions to Y-connect to the 2 1/2 in. (65 mm) hose (3) Combination water spray nozzles (4) Proper wrenches for hydrant operation and hose connections L Water available to the most remote yard hydrants should be capable of delivering at least 500 gpm (2000 L/min) at an effective pressure for at least a 2-hour period. L Approved extinguishing units should be provided on the basis of an equivalent 40A rating for each protected or unprotected yard area (see L.5.3) or greater fraction thereof. L Subject to the AHJ, a motorized wet water unit(s) can be substituted for that specified in L provided that a unit of 250 gal (1000 L) or greater capacity is provided for each group yard area storing up to 20,000 bales. L Placement of wheeled or motorized units should be at readily accessible locations within 250 ft (75 m) of each yard, protected from damage, and maintained in good operating condition at all times. L Water containers and pails, if used, should be distributed at a ratio of one 40 gal (150 L) or greater container with two pails for each 100 bales of storage. However, wheeled wet water pressure extinguishers are permitted in lieu of containers and pails. L All motorized vehicles used in designated yard areas should be equipped with a listed multipurpose dry chemical extinguisher of a size appropriate for the anticipated hazard. (See L for information on portable fire extinguishers.) L A suitable and reliable means of communication should be available to summon the fire department or other appropriate personnel promptly, or to sound a general alarm in the case of fire or other emergency, or both. L Reference should be made to L.4.6 for fire emergency planning and procedures that apply to yard storage. L.5.7 Yard Maintenance and Operations. L Smoking. Smoking should be strictly prohibited within 100 ft (30 m) of yard storage areas, and No Smoking signs should be posted conspicuously. (See L.6.6.) L Internal Combustion Equipment. All internal combustion equipment used in or around yard storage areas should be equipped with a suitable spark arrester-type muffler properly maintained and otherwise approved by the AHJ. L Guard Watch Service. L Guard watch service should be provided throughout all designated yard storage areas during all shutdown periods when fewer than 5 days have passed after cotton bales have been ginned or when the total stock exceeds 1000 bales. L Hourly rounds should be made and recorded during all nonworking hours using an approved and listed portable clock and having key stations situated to ensure complete coverage of the area of responsibility. Watch service information should be obtained from NFPA 601, Standard for Security Services in Fire Loss Prevention. L.6 Administration, Buildings, Equipment, Maintenance, and Operations. L.6.1 Administration. The administration of buildings and equipment, and

93 the maintenance thereof, is an important consideration in the reduction of L Cotton storage and handling areas are recommended to be free fire incidence and loss. The finest buildings and protective features can be of electrical installations. However, installations that are necessary should abrogated quickly by neglect of the continuous, necessary maintenance of fire comply with NFPA 70, National Electrical Code, for Class III, Division 2 loss prevention programs and protective equipment. Thus, management at all hazardous areas. levels plays a critical part in the reduction of fire loss. In addition to the recommendations outlined in this annex, the liaison between management and personnel should include a meaningful loss prevention program that provides the following: (1) Encourages loss prevention habits (2) Teaches the prompt sounding of alarms (3) Minimizes panic and effects safe evacuation (4) Instructs key personnel in the effective utilization of fire-extinguishing equipment and other protective features (5) Teaches basic salvage and cleanup techniques to minimize the downtime of operations L.6.2 Mechanical-Handling Equipment. L Industrial Trucks. Power-operated industrial trucks and mobile equipment should comply with NFPA 505, Fire Safety Standard for Powered Industrial Trucks Including Type Designations, Areas of Use, Conversions, Maintenance, and Operation. Cotton storage and handling areas are defined as Class III, Division 2 hazardous areas and require vehicles designated as types DS, DY, ES, EE, EX, GS, LPS, and GS/LPS. L Gasoline and diesel fuel should be prohibited in cotton storage areas, on platforms, and in exposing yard areas. Fueling should be done outside at a well-detached location in accordance with NFPA 30, Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code. L Gasoline and diesel fuel contained in the vehicle tanks are permitted. L Liquefied petroleum gas (LP-Gas) fuel containers should be exchanged or removed only outdoors. The valve at the fuel container should be closed and the engine allowed to run until the fuel line is exhausted. Tanks should be refueled only at well-detached locations. LP-Gas fuel systems on LP-Gas dual fuel powered trucks should be in accordance with the applicable provisions of NFPA 58, Liquefied Petroleum Gas Code. L Charging equipment for storage batteries should be in a separate area, room, or building designated for that purpose. If located in a separate room, the room should be lined with substantial noncombustible materials constructed to exclude fly or lint. Charging areas should be kept free of extraneous combustible materials and trash. Adequate ventilation should be provided to minimize concentrations of hydrogen gas during charging. L All mechanical equipment and refueling areas should be kept free of accumulations of fibrous lint, oil, and trash with particular attention paid to the internal areas of vehicles. L Maintenance and Operations. The following recommendations should be met prior to the entrance or use of industrial trucks in a cotton storage or handling area: (1) All traces of fuel should be cleaned from the vehicle before it is started. (2) Vehicles that have exhausted fuel tanks should be towed to the assigned fueling area for refueling. (3) Repairs should be prohibited in cotton storage or handling areas. (4) Alterations of the fire safety features should be prohibited. (5) Maintenance procedures should comply with those outlined in NFPA 505, Fire Safety Standard for Powered Industrial Trucks Including Type Designations, Areas of Use, Conversions, Maintenance, and Operation. (See L ) L Interplant Haulage. Tractors used for interplant hauling should be equipped with a properly maintained, spark arrester type muffler. L Motorized Vehicles. Motorized vehicles, other than those specified in L.6.2.1, should not be permitted to enter any cotton storage area. A loading platform should be located so that trucks cannot fully enter inside the closing walls of a warehouse with the truck space inclined away from the platform and lower than the platform. The loading area should be closed off from any underfloor building space. L Equipment Storage. Mechanical-handling equipment, when not in use, should be stored outside. L.6.3 Building Service and Equipment. L Electrical Installation L Electrical extension cords should be prohibited in storage areas. If portable lights are necessary, battery-powered lanterns or flashlights can be used. L Open-Flame Heating Devices. Open-flame heating devices, permanent or temporary, should be prohibited. L Shops and Equipment. L Repairing and reconditioning and boilers or similar equipment should be prohibited in cotton storage areas. Separate buildings should be provided for such purposes or should be separated from storage areas by a standard 2-hour fire wall. L The term reconditioning applies mainly to cotton and is defined as any opening, drying, cleaning, or picking of bales of loose cotton by any means whatsoever, except for the following: (1) Air drying (not compressed air) of baled cotton at room temperature where not more than one band is removed from each bale being so dried. (2) The picking of baled cotton by hand where not more than five bales are in the process of being picked on the premises at any one time and where at least two bands remain on each bale so picked. Removal of more than one band is to be considered part of the picking process. (3) The opening of bales in the press room for pressing or recompressing. (4) The cleaning of baled cotton by brushing (manual only) where the process employed does not remove an appreciable quantity of lint. Mechanical reconditioning operations should confine lint and fly to the reconditioning building and should be separated from cotton storage (or compress) by a standard fire wall without openings or by unobstructed clear spaces as outlined in Section L.2. L.6.4 Cutting and Welding. L Where cutting and welding operations are necessary, the precautions contained in NFPA 51, Standard for the Design and Installation of Oxygen Fuel Gas Systems for Welding, Cutting, and Allied Processes, should be followed. L Welding, soldering, brazing, or cutting should be permitted only by the authorization of management. Proper precautions should be observed and should include the following: (1) A supervisor should be assigned to the operation. (2) The area should be made fire-safe. (3) Work should be removed to a safe area, where possible. (4) Where these operations are performed on equipment or building components that cannot be moved, no storage should be below or within a 35 ft (10.7 m) radius. (5) Floors should be swept clean and wooden floors wet down within the 35 ft (10.7 m) radius. (6) The cutting and welding equipment to be used should be in good operating condition and properly maintained. Personnel operating arc welding or cutting equipment should be protected from possible shock. (7) Openings and cracks in wood construction should be tightly covered to prevent the passage of sparks. (8) All cotton bordering the area should be protected by flameproofed covers or otherwise shielded with metal or asbestos guards or curtains. The edges of the covers at the floor should be tight to prevent sparks from escaping. This precaution should extend to where several covers are used to protect a large storage pile. (9) All fire protection equipment should be in service and ready for immediate use. (10) A fire watch should be maintained and equipped with a portable extinguisher during these operations for not less than 1 hour following the completion of open-flame operation. L.6.5 Waste Disposal. L Rubbish, trash, and other waste material should be disposed of at regular intervals. Approved waste cans with self-closing covers should be used where needed. Open fires and incinerator operations should be prohibited within 100 ft (30 m) of any cotton storage building.

94 L For additional details, see NFPA 82, Standard on Incinerators and extinguishment. Waste and Linen Handling Systems and Equipment. L.6.6 Smoking. L Smoking should be strictly prohibited, except in locations prominently designated as safe smoking areas. No Smoking signs should be posted conspicuously in prohibited areas. L The cooperation of employees is more easily secured when a reasonable smoking policy is adopted with smoking allowed in specified locations where the hazard is low, at specified times, and under suitable supervision. Complete prohibition is likely to lead to surreptitious smoking in out-of-the-way locations where the hazard is most dangerous. L.6.7 Maintenance and Inspection. L Fire walls, fire doors, fire door guards, and floors should be maintained in good repair at all times. L NFPA 25, Standard for the Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance of Water-Based Fire Protection Systems, should be referenced for information on the maintenance and service of sprinkler systems and water supplies. L All portable and manual fire-extinguishing equipment should be maintained and serviced. L As an aid in maintaining fire protection features and equipment in full service at all times, Figure L provides a simple self-inspection form that contains a checklist of loss prevention principles. This sample form can be used without change or as a guide in establishing a specialized form to suit individual facilities. See Figure L Sample Loss Prevention Self-Inspection Form for Baled Cotton Storage on the following page. L.6.8 Grass and Weeds. All dried grass and weeds should be kept clear of buildings for at least 50 ft (15 m). L.7 Information on Fighting Fires in Baled Cotton. L.7.1 Introduction. The information contained in this section is a summary of knowledge gained over the years by cotton warehouse personnel, fire fighters, and insurance authorities in fighting fires in the Cotton Belt. A fire on baled cotton, other than densely packed cotton bales, has peculiarities that should be understood and respected if a large loss is to be avoided with minimum danger to personnel. Automatic sprinklers, if properly designed and supplied, can be expected to control a baled cotton fire where storage methods outlined in this standard are followed, but extinguishment should not be expected. The primary rule for any fire is always to call the responding fire department first. Fighting fires of any type is a profession and, even where a well-trained private fire organization is available, professional aid should be effected as soon as possible, and plant personnel should not be unduly exposed to the peril. The myriad of small fibers that make up a cotton bale, unless it is a densely packed cotton bale, especially a naked cotton bale or one wrapped in burlap, and that cover its surface offer a highly vulnerable source of ignition as well as the potential for a rapid flame spread above the stored material. Such rapid flame spread is usually followed by a slower flame spread at the surface, then tenacious burrowing into the pile between bales and penetration of the interiors of individual bales. High-density bales are less vulnerable to a burrowing fire, but the possibility of such a fire should not be ignored. L.7.2 Causes. Some of the causes of cotton fiber fires include breaking metal bands (ties) that strike other metallic objects resulting in sparks, fire-packed bales, electrical faults, mechanical equipment (e.g., defective lift trucks), friction (e.g., bale ties rubbing together, railroad boxcars), lightning, cutting and welding, and smoking. Sparks from bale ties and fire-packed bales appear to be the most prominent fire cause. Incendiarism and exposures are also a consideration. L.7.3 Incipient Stage. If caught in the incipient stage, control can often be effected, provided the proper procedures are followed. Portable extinguishing equipment, such as containers and pails, or pressurized or pump-type water units, can be used to wet down the exterior of the bale quickly. If small extinguishers are not successful, portable, wheeled, wetting agent tanks or standpipe hose, or both, should be used. The last resort is hose streams from outside hydrants. Extreme caution should be exercised when using straight hose streams, as the force of the stream could scatter the burning wads or portions of cotton over a wide area. Spray or fog nozzles are recommended, but, if not available, it could be possible to deflect a solid stream off the walls, roof, or other solid object. Once the exterior of the bale(s) is fully wet down and fire is suppressed, the bales involved then should be removed to an outside, safe location for final 1-94 CAUTION: An obviously burning bale should never be dragged or mechanically moved down aisles, as this is likely to spread the fire to bales bordering the aisle. (See L.7.9.) L.7.4 Active Stage in Sprinklered Buildings. If a fire progresses well beyond the incipient stage or involves more than a few bales and further fire spread is likely, the building could readily prove untenable and dense smoke could quickly obscure vision. All personnel should then vacate the building to a point of safety. As drafts, including early venting through roofs and walls, are undesirable, the building should be left unventilated, all doors should be closed, and all possible drafts to the building or section involvedshould be cut off. This reduces available oxygen to the fire, and the dense smoke suppresses fire intensity. Drafts not only provide fresh air to increase fire intensity but also can blow heat away from the fire, opening sprinklers beyond the fire area and possibly overtaxing the available water to the sprinkler system. The sprinkler system should be given a chance to do its job do not ventilate! Ventilating a cotton fire can cause it to flash out of control, spread with explosive violence, and open an excessive number of sprinklers. After the fire is under control of the sprinkler system, the compartment door should be opened only enough to use fire hose or to enter and remove the cotton. The smoldering bales should be removed to the outside as soon as possible for individual attention. Extreme caution should be exercised when entering a fire area. Entry should be on the downwind side, if possible, to avoid creating draft conditions that could cause the fire to reignite. Remaining alert for gas explosions is important. If the fire appears to flare up again, the building should be vacated immediately and the doors again should be closed tightly and the sprinkler system should be allowed to regain control. L.7.5 Sprinkler Failure. If the sprinkler system fails to maintain fire control, then hose streams should be used, preferably through door openings only large enough for the hose. Where apparent that the fire is beyond the control of the sprinklers and the building is nearing the point of collapse, the control valve(s) to the sprinkler systems in the building or section involved should be shut off to conserve water for hose stream use. L.7.6 Active Stage in Nonsprinklered Buildings. Immediately on arrival at the fire, all openings to the compartment involved should be closed. As many hose lines as possible, preferably supplied with a wetting agent, should be available. The doors should be opened only enough to allow the use of the hose in a spray-like fashion. Caution should be exercised to open these doors slowly to minimize the chance of an explosion. The doors on the opposite sides of the compartment should not be opened, which would allow a cross-draft. Only the door on the lee side, and not the windward side, of the building should be opened. L.7.7 Cotton Yard Fires. Conditions in a cotton yard fire are not as controllable as those in a warehouse fire, since draft conditions are almost entirely dependent upon the climatic conditions at the time of the fire. If an adverse wind prevails, a small involvement can easily become a catastrophe. Preplanning is particularly important in this case. Upon arrival at a cotton yard fire, the following steps should be taken immediately: (1) If available, fire department connection to the hydrants should be utilized. (2) Hose lines should be laid out. (3) Using divided stream nozzles, water should be applied ahead and downwind of the fire and then worked toward the fire. (4) Bales and dunnage should be checked underneath for fire. (5) Personnel should remain alert for flying sparks. (6) The nearby uninvolved cotton should be removed to create a fire break. (7) Burned cotton should be removed to a segregated area. L.7.8 After Watch. Where the fire-involved cotton has been removed and leaves behind undamaged stock, a minute and unobserved spark often causes a rekindling of the previous fire with disastrous results. The involved area should be inspected and carefully cleaned. Hose lines and fire department watch should be maintained until the area is known to be safe. Before leaving the scene of the fire, responsible plant personnel should be advised that after watch should be kept for at least 24 hours. One of the most disastrous fires on record could possibly have been prevented with adequate after watch following a minor involvement. L.7.9 Salvage Operations. Salvage is important, and every precaution should be taken to protect the salvage. The usual severity of a fire in a cotton warehouse, along with the appearance of the charred bales, is misleading with respect to the amount of remaining salvage.

95 General Housekeeping 1. Inside Buildings (a) Floor and dock areas clean of loose cotton and trash? (b) Covered metal containers for loose cotton and trash? 2. Outside Buildings (a) Surrounding areas free of dried grass, weeds, and combustible trash? Smoking 1. Evidence of smoking in unauthorized areas? 2. Signs posted and readily visible? Electrical Equipment 1. Extension cords prohibited? 2. Storage in contact with lights or wiring? 3. Wiring properly supported and undamaged? 4. Circuits properly fused? 5. All panels, junction, switch, and receptacle boxes covered? Mechanical Equipment 1. Listed for fiber storage (Type DS, DY, ES, EE, EX, GS, or LPS)? 2. Spark-retardant mufflers maintained? 3. Refueled outside at designated area? 4. Stored outside when idle? 5. General condition and maintenance good? Buildings 1. Fire walls in good repair, including around fire door openings? 2. Fire doors in proper working condition and tested for ease of closing each week? (Overhead, roll-type doors should be tested at least annually.) 3. Fire door guards in place and maintained? 4. Floor and exterior walls in good repair? 5. Exterior wall openings have doors and windows in place that close properly and lock? 6. Space under grade floor, if any, closed off? Storage Arrangements 1. Storage Blocks (a) Within prescribed height [15 ft (4.6 m)]? (b) Sprinkler heads unimpaired [18 in. (457 mm) clearance]? (c) Block sizes limited to 700 bales pressed or 350 flat? (d) Tiered storage stable and secure? 2. Aisles (a) At least one main aisle 12 ft (3.7 m) or more in width? (b) Cross or work aisles at least 4 ft (1.2 m) in width? (c) Any damaged bales, broken bands, or wet stock? Fire Department 1. Phone number prominently displayed at each phone? 2. Personnel instructed on procedure in case of fire? Watch Service 1. Making regular rounds? 2. All key stations punched? 3. Records checked, dated, and filed? Fire Alarm Service 1. Automatic fire alarm system in service? 2. Manual pull stations clearly marked and accessible? 3. System tested within required frequency? Manual Extinguishing Equipment Portable Extinguishers 1. Hand Units (a) Properly placed and accessible? (b) Recharged within the last year? (c) All in good condition? 2. Containers and Buckets (a) Properly distributed? (b) Kept full? (c) Two buckets per barrel? 3. Mobile Equipment (a) Properly placed and protected from damage? (b) Charged and ready for service? Inside Hose 1. Hose and nozzle attached to each? 2. Racked and in good condition? 3. Easily accessible and ready for use? 4. Valves operate readily? Yard Hydrants and Hose Houses 1. Readily accessible? 2. Hose racked or reeled and in good condition? 3. Nozzles, spanners, hydrant wrench available? 4. Hydrants operable? 5. General condition: Good Poor Remarks (Report on any unusual conditions and action taken): Report by: Date: NFPA 1 (p. 1 of 1) FIGURE L Sample Loss Prevention Self-Inspection Form for Baled Cotton Storage. 1-95

96 Water does not damage cotton, and if the charred bales are kept cool with should be available at all times. hose streams until proper salvage operation is begun, the quantity of the loss can be reduced substantially. After the fire is brought under control, all bales involved should be removed to a safe outside location as quickly as possible and practicable. Each bale then should be handled individually in order to effect complete extinguishment. This extinguishment is best accomplished by the use of small hose lines or barrels and buckets, using a wetting agent known as wet water. WARNING: Do not remove the bands or wires from the bales. To do so exposes more lint to the fire and threatens the loss of the entire bale. Salvage crews should be ready to move the cotton out of the involved shed as rapidly as possible. Extreme caution should be exercised in preparing and watching the path along which the burned bales are removed from the involved shed. Burning fibers of cotton are easily blown from the bale, especially in the haste and excitement of moving the bales outside. It could be necessary to move the uninvolved bales away from the exit route (or from the entire compartment) or even to make a hole in the side of the compartment. The spread of fire along the exit route caused by burning bales is not uncommon. The burning bales should be wetted down and moved to a safe, segregated place as soon as possible for individual attention. The following are steps to be taken in the salvage operation: (1) An open area, without exposures, into which the burning bales can be moved should be selected. (2) A salvage crew should be stationed at the yard. (3) A good supply of wetting agent should be available. (4) A good supply of water should be available. (5) Containers, pails, and stirrup pump-type extinguishers should be available, filled with wet water. (6) Burning bales should be wetted down and removed from the fire area as soon as possible. They should be placed approximately 3 ft (0.9 m) apart in an open area away from other exposures. (7) Care should be exercised in removing these bales so as not to start another fire in the process. If the side of the compartment is metal-clad or frame, it could be best to remove a portion of the side so that the cotton can be removed. Some warehouse personnel take the time to remove cotton from those compartments through which the burning bales travel before salvage operations are allowed to start. If there is any question regarding additional exposures, they should be removed, if possible, before moving the burning bales. (8) Any outside blaze on the bale should be knocked down. The wet water should be applied to each smoldering spot on the bale. Often a handful of cotton soaked in the wet water can be applied directly on or into the smoldering spot. Cotton fires burrow into the bale, so applying the wet water as far into the hole as possible, soaking the area thoroughly is necessary. In order to be certain the fire is out, the burned cotton should be removed from each hot spot while applying wet water to the hole. When the area around the spot is no longer warm, it can be the fire can be assumed to have been extinguished. (9) The bands from the bales should not be removed. To do so exposes more lint to the fire, and the bale will probably be a complete loss. (10) Bales involved in a fire should be closely watched for at least 5 days after the last spark is believed to have been extinguished. L.7.10 Fire-Packed Bales. During the cotton ginning operation, sparks, caused by stones, metal, or other foreign objects in the seed cotton striking metal parts of the gin, can ignite the fibers. Occasionally, a fire immediately erupts, but often the smoldering lint is carried onto the press box where it can be packed, undetected, into the bale. Usually the fire burns through to the outside of the bale within a few hours, but it can remain undetected for several days. Sometimes the odor is noticeable or the bale feels excessively warm. These bales are known as fire-packed bales and are a major cause of fires in baled cotton. The recommended procedure for handling and extinguishing fire-packed bales is as follows: (1) All known or suspect fire-packed bales should be stored in the open and segregated from buildings and other storage. They should be separated about 3 ft (0.9 m) from other such bales. (2) These bales should be under constant surveillance to detect fire as soon as it moves to the surface. (3) A supply of an approved wetting agent and at least one stirrup pump 1-96 (4) When fire is detected, the area around the hot spot should be wetted immediately to prevent the spread of the fire. The hot spot then should be saturated with wet water. The burned cotton should be removed by hand while constantly applying water to the hole. This procedure should be continued until no warm areas are detected. Several fires packed into a single bale is not uncommon. (5) Do not remove the bands from the bale, as this exposes more cotton fibers to ignition and usually results in the total loss of the bale. (6) Fire-packed bales or bales suspected of being fire-packed should remain in quarantine and under surveillance for at least 5 days. After this time, they can be considered to be safe and handled in the regular manner. Note that there is no set time after which a fire can be considered extinguished in a bale, as this depends on the thoroughness of extinguishment. However, 5 days after the fire is believed to have been extinguished is generally considered to be a rule-of-thumb safe period. Substantiation: The has incorporated Annex D from NFPA 230 and as revised per Proposals (Log#CP3) redesignated it as Annex L. Meeting Action: Accept Log# 114 UFC-AAA Final Action: Accept in Principle (Annex O (New)) Submitter : Eddie Phillips, Southern Regional Fire Code Development Recommendation: Add a new Annex X to read: Annex X AHJ Minimum Qualifications and Job Descriptions This annex is not part of the requirements of this NFPA document unless specifically adopted by the jurisdiction. X.1 Minimum Qualifications. Employees of the AHJ assigned the responsibility of enforcing this code shall meet the following minimum requirements: X.1.1 A person assigned the duties of Fire Inspector I shall meet all of the requirements defined in Chapter 3 of NFPA 1031 prior to being certified as a Fire Inspector I. X.1.2 A person assigned the duties of Fire Inspector II shall meet all of the requirements defined in Chapter 4 of NFPA 1031 prior to being certified as a Fire Inspector II. X.1.3 A person assigned the duties of Fire Inspector III shall meet all of the requirements defined in Chapter 5 of NFPA 1031 prior to being certified as a Fire Inspector III. X.1.4 A person assigned the duties of Plan Examiner I shall meet all of the requirements defined in Chapter 6 of NFPA 1031 prior to being certified as a Plan Examiner I. X.1.5 A person assigned the duties of Plan Examiner II shall meet all of the requirements defined in Chapter 7 of NFPA 1031 prior to being certified as a Plan Examiner II. X.2 Job Descriptions. Employees of the AHJ assigned the responsibility of enforcing this code shall be classified in the following job descriptions: X.2 Job Title: Fire Inspector I. X.2.1 Basic Function. The Fire Inspector I is responsible for inspecting public, commercial, and residential structures for compliance with applicable fire codes. X.2.2 Principal Responsibilities. The Fire Inspector I is responsible for the following: (a) Inspects public, commercial, and residential structures to ensure compliance with jurisdiction, state, and federal fire codes and ordinances for compliance with fire codes (b) Conducts inspections of fire hazard complaints and underground storage tanks for compliance with jurisdiction, state, and federal regulations (c) Identifies corrective actions that must be made in order to bring properties into compliance with applicable fire codes, laws, regulations, and standards (d) Assists citizens and other agency personnel with code interpretations and information when requested, prepares written documents, and maintains files (e) Issues citations for fire code violations (f) Provides court testimony regarding fire code violations X.2.3 Typical Decisions. The incumbent determines if structures are in compliance with jurisdiction, state, and federal fire codes and ordinances. The incumbent establishes performance measures for subordinates and evaluates employee performance against those standards or measures. X.2.4 Minimum Qualifications. The Fire Inspector I should have the following minimum qualifications: (a) Knowledge: Position requires conducting fire safety programs and a working knowledge of methods of fire prevention, fire protection systems, and building construction. (b) Skills: Position requires effective verbal and written communication skills. Must be able to make mathematical calculations.

97 (c) Education: Associateʼs degree in fire science or equivalent. and assign, directing the work of subordinates; plan, initiate, and carry out (d) Experience: Four years of experience, including one year of lead long-term programs in the division and relate the divisionʼs programs with responsibility in one or more of the following: fire inspection or fire other jurisdictional programs, goals, and objectives; speak and deal tactfully prevention. and effectively with the people with whom he or she comes in contact; fairly Any work-related experience resulting in acceptable proficiency levels in the and effectively evaluate the performance of subordinates; communicate minimum qualifications is an acceptable substitute for the specified education verbally and in writing to analyze the concepts necessary for accomplishment and experience requirements listed in (c) and (d). of required written and verbal records and reports; and exhibit an ability to (e) Licenses/Certificates: Driversʼ license and inspector certification. positively represent the department and jurisdiction in the community at large. X.3 Job Title: Fire Inspector II. (c) Education: Minimum of a bachelorʼs degree (masterʼs degree preferred) X.3.1 Basic Function. The Fire Inspector II is responsible for inspecting with concentration in fire science, public administration, or related fields, public, commercial, and residential structures for compliance with applicable supplemented by specialized training sufficient to meet the qualifications for fire codes. certification as a master fire inspector. X.3.2 Principal Responsibilities. The Fire Inspector II is responsible for the (d) Experience: Ten years experience as a full-time employee with a career following: department with a strong background in fire prevention and code enforcement. (a) Inspects and evaluates public, commercial, and residential structures to Must also have demonstrated technical competence in the areas of fire ensure compliance with jurisdiction, state, and federal fire codes and suppression system design and development and code administration. ordinances and reviews plans for compliance with fire codes Any work-related experience resulting in acceptable proficiency levels in the (b) Conducts inspections of complex fire hazard complaints and underground minimum qualifications is an acceptable substitute for the specified education storage tanks for compliance with jurisdiction, state, and federal regulations and experience requirements listed in (c) and (d). (c) Identifies corrective actions that must be made in order to bring properties (e) Licenses/Certificates: Driversʼ license and master inspector certification. into compliance with applicable fire codes, laws, regulations, and standards NOTE: The statements in (a) through (e) are intended to describe the general and recommends modifications to jurisdictionʼs fire codes nature and level of work being performed and are not intended to be an (d) Assists citizens and other agency personnel with code interpretations and exhaustive list of all responsibilities, duties, and skills that can be required. information when requested, prepares written documentation, creates forms X.4 Job Title: Plan Reviewer I. and checklists addressing key inspection issues, and designs and maintains X.5.1 Basic Function. The Plan Reviewer I is responsible for examining filing system for division building plans, fire protection system plans, and specifications for compliance (e) Issues citations for fire code violations and provides court testimony with applicable fire codes and laws. regarding fire code violations X.5.2 Principal Responsibilities. The Plan Reviewer I is responsible for the (f) Assists and instructs lower level inspectors in code application, following: interpretation, and office procedures (a) Responds to fire code, law, and life safety inquiries from citizens X.3.3 Typical Decisions. The incumbent determines if structures are in (b) Reviews and evaluates routine building plans, site plans, and fire compliance with jurisdiction, state, and federal fire codes and ordinances. The protection system plans in terms of fire code and building code life safety incumbent establishes performance measures for subordinates and evaluates criteria employee performance against those standards or measures. Recommends (c) Receives and responds to requests for information and technical assistance modifications in the policies and procedures of the division. from architects, engineers, and developers on design criteria for various X.3.4 Minimum Qualifications. The Fire Inspector II should have the occupancies and industrial processes following minimum qualifications: (d) Attends meetings with architects, developers, and jurisdiction staff to (a) Knowledge: Position requires conducting fire safety programs and a discuss plan review requirements and procedures working knowledge of methods of fire prevention, fire protection systems, and (e) Assists in preparation of variances and appeals before the Building building construction. Standards Commission (b) Skills: Position requires effective verbal and written communication skills. X.5.3 Typical Decisions. The incumbent evaluates and approves fire Must be able to make mathematical calculations. protection system plan submittals and makes recommendations on alternate (c) Education: Bachelorʼs degree in fire protection, fire science, or equivalent. methods or materials when appropriate. The incumbent evaluates and makes (d) Experience: Four years of experience, including one year of lead recommendations on requests for variance to the fire codes and local laws responsibility in one or more of the following: fire inspection or fire pertaining to fire safety. prevention. X.5.4 Minimum Qualifications. The Plan Reviewer I should have the Any work-related experience resulting in acceptable proficiency levels in the following minimum qualifications: minimum qualifications is an acceptable substitute for the specified education (a) Knowledge: Requires a working knowledge of fire and building codes and and experience requirements listed in (c) and (d). laws. Requires basic knowledge of the principles, techniques, and design of (e) Licenses/Certificates: Driversʼ license and inspector certification. fixed fire suppression and detection systems. Requires the ability to read and X.4 Job Title: Fire Inspector III. interpret plans and blueprints. X.4.1 Basic Function. The Fire Inspector III is responsible for the fire (b) Skills: Position requires effective verbal and written communication skills. prevention and fire inspection activities of the jurisdiction. The Fire Inspector (c) Education: Associateʼs degree (bachelorʼs degree preferred) in fire III serves as a manager and directs all activities of the division and integrates protection technology or related field. the jurisdictionʼs goals into the day-to-day operation of the division. (d) Experience: One year experience in fire protection. X.4.2 Principal Responsibilities. The Fire Inspector III is responsible for the Any work-related experience resulting in acceptable proficiency levels in the following: minimum qualifications is an acceptable substitute for the specified education (a) Directs the preparation and submittal of the divisionʼs budget and allocates and experience requirements listed in (c) and (d). its resources in accordance with policy to ensure maximum performance (e) Licenses/Certificates: Driversʼ license, certified inspector within 12 (b) Serves as the divisionʼs liaison with various jurisdiction, state, and federal months, and certification in fire alarms and automatic sprinklers within 18 government agencies, as well as local organizations and groups months of hire date. (c) Recommends and implements changes in division policy and operations to X.6 Job Title: Plan Reviewer II. improve efficiency and effectiveness, and prepares and recommends updates X.6.1 Basic Function. The Plan Reviewer II is responsible for examining in codes and standards for the jurisdiction building plans, fire protection system plans, and specifications for compliance (d) Directly supervises all employees assigned to the division with applicable fire codes and laws. (e) Indirectly coordinates through an established chain of command all fire X.6.2 Principal Responsibilities. The Plan Reviewer II is responsible for the department services, programs, and activities relating to fire prevention following: (f) Establishes realistic and obtainable goals for subordinates through a team (a) Responds to fire code, law, and life safety inquiries from citizens process and ensures successful obtainment of these goals through appropriate (b) Reviews and evaluates routine and detailed building plans, site plans, and training and assigned accountability fire protection system plans in terms of fire code and building code life safety (g) Serves as a highly visible representative of the fire department and the fire criteria service to the jurisdiction at large through involvement in various community (c) Receives and responds to requests for information and technical assistance organizations and events relating to fire prevention from architects, engineers, and developers on design criteria for various X.4.3 Typical Decisions. The incumbent is required to make decisions relating occupancies and industrial processes to employee selection and appointment, fire code development and (d) Attends meetings with architects, developers, and jurisdiction staff to interpretations, and divisional administrative matters. discuss plan review requirements and procedures X.4.4 Minimum Qualifications. The Fire Inspector III should have the (e) Assists in preparation of variances and appeals before the Building following minimum qualifications: Standards Commission and prepares and authenticates the divisionʼs (a) Knowledge: Requires thorough knowledge of the principles, practices, and documents techniques of modern suppression systems and fire prevention practices and (f) Assists and instructs lower level plan reviewers in code application, must also possess the ability to apply this knowledge to fire prevention laws interpretation, and office procedures and ordinances; principles of public administration with reference to code X.6.3 Typical Decisions. The incumbent evaluates and approves fire development, enforcement, and personnel administration; and principles of protection system plan submittals and makes recommendations on alternate jurisdiction budget preparation and finance. (b) Skills: Must have the ability to provide effective leadership and to plan 1-97

98 methods or materials when appropriate. The incumbent evaluates and makes X Skills. Position requires effective verbal and written recommendations on requests for variance to the fire codes and local laws communication skills. Must be able to make mathematical calculations. pertaining to fire safety. X Education. Position requires associateʼs degree in fire science or X.6.4 Minimum Qualifications. The Plan Reviewer II should have the equivalent. following minimum qualifications: X Experience: Position requires 4 years of experience, including 1 (a) Knowledge: Requires a working knowledge of fire and building codes and year of lead responsibility in at least fire inspection or fire prevention. laws. Requires basic knowledge of the principles, techniques, and design of X Any work-related experience resulting in acceptable proficiency fixed fire suppression and detection systems. Requires the ability to read and levels in the minimum qualifications is an acceptable substitute for the interpret plans and blueprints. Establishes performance measures for specified education and experience requirements listed in X and subordinates and evaluates employee performance against those standards or X measures Licenses/Certificates. Position requires driverʼs license and (b) Skills: Position requires effective verbal and written communication skills. inspector certification. (c) Education: Associateʼs degree (bachelorʼs degree preferred) in fire X.2.2 Job Title: Fire Inspector II. protection technology or related field. X Basic Function. The Fire Inspector II is responsible for inspecting (d) Experience: One year experience in fire protection. public, commercial, and residential structures for compliance with applicable Any work-related experience resulting in acceptable proficiency levels in the fire codes. minimum qualifications is an acceptable substitute for the specified education X Principal Responsibilities. The Fire Inspector II is responsible for and experience requirements listed in (c) and (d). the following: (e) Licenses/Certificates: Driversʼ license, certified inspector within 12 (1) Inspecting and evaluating public, commercial, and residential structures months, and certification in fire alarms and automatic sprinklers within 18 to ensure compliance with jurisdiction, state, and federal fire codes and months of hire date. ordinances and reviews plans for compliance with fire codes NOTE: The statements in (a) through (e) are intended to describe the general (2) Conducting inspections of complex fire hazard complaints and nature and level of work being performed and are not intended to be an underground storage tanks for compliance with jurisdiction, state, and federal exhaustive list of all responsibilities, duties, and skills that can be required. regulations Substantiation: Recent events have clearly shown that ensuring competency (3) Identifying corrective actions in order to bring properties into of code officials is just as important, if not more important, than having a compliance with applicable fire codes, laws, regulations, and standards and comprehensive code document in place. This proposal creates a new annex recommending modifications to jurisdictionʼs fire codes based on the requirements of NFPA 1031 with only editorial changes for the (4) Assisting citizens and other agency personnel with code interpretations language to function as a stand-alone annex. As annex language, this text and information when requested, preparing written documentation, creating would only be enforceable if adopted by the jurisdiction. forms and checklists addressing key inspection issues, and designing and Meeting Action: Accept in Principle maintaining filing system for division Add a new Annex X into NFPA 1 UFC to read: (5) Issuing citations for fire code violations and providing court testimony Annex X AHJ Minimum Qualifications and Job Descriptions For Code regarding fire code violations Enforcement Personnel (6) Assisting and instructing lower level inspectors in code application, This annex is not a part of the requirements of this NFPA document but is interpretation, and office procedures included for informational purposes only. X Typical Decisions. The incumbent determines if structures are in X.1 Minimum Qualifications. Employees of the AHJ assigned the compliance with jurisdiction, state, and federal fire codes and ordinances. The responsibility of enforcing this Code should meet the following minimum incumbent establishes performance measures for subordinates and evaluates requirements: employee performance against those standards or measures. The incumbent (1) A person assigned the duties of Fire Inspector I should meet all of the recommends modifications in the policies and procedures of the division. requirements defined in Chapter 4 of NFPA 1031 prior to being certified as a X Minimum Qualifications. The Fire Inspector II should have the Fire Inspector I. qualifications in X through X at a minimum. (2) A person assigned the duties of Fire Inspector II should meet all of the X Knowledge. Position requires conducting fire safety programs and requirements defined in Chapter 5 of NFPA 1031 prior to being certified as a a working knowledge of methods of fire prevention, fire protection systems, Fire Inspector II. and building construction. (3) A person assigned the duties of Fire Inspector III should meet all of the X Skills. Position requires effective verbal and written requirements defined in Chapter 6 of NFPA 1031 prior to being certified as a communication skills. Must be able to make mathematical calculations. Fire Inspector III. X Education. Position requires bachelorʼs degree in fire protection, (4) A person assigned the duties of Plan Examiner I should meet all of the fire science, or equivalent. requirements defined in Chapter 7 of NFPA 1031 prior to being certified as a X Experience. Position requires 4 years of experience, including 1 Plan Examiner I. year of lead responsibility in at least fire inspection or fire prevention. (5) A person assigned the duties of Plan Examiner II should meet all of the Any work-related experience resulting in acceptable proficiency levels in the requirements defined in Chapter 8 of NFPA 1031 prior to being certified as a minimum qualifications is an acceptable substitute for the specified education Plan Examiner II. and experience requirements listed in X and X X.2 Job Descriptions. Employees of the AHJ assigned the responsibility X Licenses/Certificates. Position requires driversʼ license and of enforcing this code should be classified according to the job titles and inspector certification. descriptions in X.2.1 through X.2.5. X.2.3 Job Title: Fire Inspector III. X.2.1 Job Title: Fire Inspector I. X Basic Function. The Fire Inspector III is responsible for the fire X Basic Function. The Fire Inspector I is responsible for inspecting prevention and fire inspection activities of the jurisdiction. The Fire Inspector public, commercial, and residential structures for compliance with applicable III serves as a manager and directs all activities of the division and integrates fire codes. the jurisdictionʼs goals into the day-to-day operation of the division. X Principal Responsibilities. The Fire Inspector I is responsible for X Principal Responsibilities. The Fire Inspector III is responsible for the following: the following: (1) Inspecting public, commercial, and residential structures to ensure (1) Directing the preparation and submittal of the divisionʼs budget and compliance with jurisdiction, state, and federal fire codes and ordinances for allocating its resources in accordance with policy to ensure maximum compliance with fire codes performance (2) Conducting inspections of fire hazard complaints and underground (2) Serving as the divisionʼs liaison with various jurisdiction, state, and storage tanks for compliance with jurisdiction, state, and federal regulations federal government agencies, as well as local organizations and groups (3) Identifying corrective actions in order to bring properties into compliance (3) Recommending and implementing changes in division policy and with applicable fire codes, laws, regulations, and standards operations to improve efficiency and effectiveness, and preparing and (4) Assisting citizens and other agency personnel with code interpretations recommending updates in codes and standards for the jurisdiction and information when requested, preparing written documents, and (4) Directly supervising all employees assigned to the division maintaining files (5) Indirectly coordinating through an established chain of command all fire (5) Issuing citations for fire code violations department services, programs, and activities relating to fire prevention (6) Providing court testimony regarding fire code violations (6) Establishing realistic and obtainable goals for subordinates through X Typical Decisions. The incumbent determines if structures are in a team process and ensuring successful obtainment of these goals through compliance with jurisdiction, state, and federal fire codes and ordinances. The appropriate training and assigned accountability incumbent establishes performance measures for subordinates and evaluates (7) Serving as a highly visible representative of the fire department and employee performance against those standards or measures. the fire service to the jurisdiction at large through involvement in various X Minimum Qualifications. The Fire Inspector I should have the community organizations and events relating to fire prevention minimum qualifications in X through X at a minimum. X Typical Decisions. The incumbent is required to make decisions X Knowledge. Position requires conducting fire safety programs and relating to employee selection and appointment, fire code development and a working knowledge of methods of fire prevention, fire protection systems, interpretations, and divisional administrative matters. and building construction. X Minimum Qualifications. The Fire Inspector III should have the qualifications in X thorough X at a minimum. 1-98

99 X Knowledge. Position requires thorough knowledge of the X Experience. Position requires 1 year experience in fire protection. principles, practices, and techniques of modern suppression systems and fire Any work-related experience resulting in acceptable proficiency levels in the prevention practices and must also possess the ability to apply this knowledge minimum qualifications is an acceptable substitute for the specified education to fire prevention laws and ordinances; principles of public administration and experience requirements listed in X and X with reference to code development, enforcement, and personnel X Licenses/Certificates. Position requires driversʼ license, certified administration; and principles of jurisdiction budget preparation and finance. inspector within 12 months, and certification in fire alarms and automatic X Skills. Position requires the ability to provide effective leadership sprinklers within 18 months of hire date. and to plan and assign, directing the work of subordinates; plan, initiate, X.2.5 Job Title: Plan Examiner II. and carry out long-term programs in the division and relate the divisionʼs X Basic Function. The Plan Examiner II is responsible for examining programs with other jurisdictional programs, goals, and objectives; speak building plans, fire protection system plans, and specifications for compliance and deal tactfully and effectively with the people with whom he or she comes with applicable fire codes and laws. in contact; fairly and effectively evaluate the performance of subordinates; X Principal Responsibilities. The Plan Examiner II is responsible for communicate verbally and in writing to analyze the concepts necessary for the following: accomplishment of required written and verbal records and reports; and (1) Responding to fire code, law, and life safety inquiries from citizens exhibit an ability to positively represent the department and jurisdiction in the (2) Reviewing and evaluating routine and detailed building plans, site plans, community at large. and fire protection system plans in terms of fire code and building code life X Education. Position requires minimum of a bachelorʼs degree safety criteria (masterʼs degree preferred) with concentration in fire science, public (3) Receiving and responding to requests for information and technical administration, or related fields, supplemented by specialized training assistance from architects, engineers, and developers on design criteria for sufficient to meet the qualifications for certification as a master fire inspector. various occupancies and industrial processes X Experience. Position requires 10 years experience as a fulltime employee with a career department with a strong background in fire discuss plan review requirements and procedures (4) Attending meetings with architects, developers, and jurisdiction staff to prevention and code enforcement. Must also have demonstrated technical (5) Assisting in preparation of variances and appeals before the Building competence in the areas of fire suppression system design and development Standards Commission and preparing and authenticating the divisionʼs and code administration. documents Any work-related experience resulting in acceptable proficiency levels in the (6) Assisting and instructing lower level plan examiners in code application, minimum qualifications is an acceptable substitute for the specified education interpretation, and office procedures and experience requirements listed in X and X X Typical Decisions. The incumbent evaluates and approves fire X Licenses/Certificates. Position requires driversʼ license and protection system plan submittals and makes recommendations on alternate master inspector certification. methods or materials when appropriate. The incumbent evaluates and makes X The statements in X through X are intended to recommendations on requests for variance to the fire codes and local laws describe the general nature and level of work being performed and are not pertaining to fire safety. intended to be an exhaustive list of all responsibilities, duties, and skills that X Minimum Qualifications. The Plan Examiner II should have the can be required. qualifications in X through X at a minimum. X..2.4 Job Title: Plan Examiner I. X Knowledge. Position requires a working knowledge of fire and X Basic Function. The Plan Examiner I is responsible for examining building codes and laws, basic knowledge of the principles, techniques, and building plans, fire protection system plans, and specifications for compliance design of fixed fire suppression and detection systems, and the ability to read with applicable fire codes and laws. and interpret plans and blueprints. Position establishes performance measures X.5.2 Principal Responsibilities. The Plan Examiner I is responsible for for subordinates and evaluates employee performance against those standards the following: or measures. (1) Responding to fire code, law, and life safety inquiries from citizens X Skills. Position requires effective verbal and written (2) Reviewing and evaluating routine building plans, site plans, and fire communication skills. protection system plans in terms of fire code and building code life safety X Education. Position requires associateʼs degree (bachelorʼs degree criteria preferred) in fire protection technology or related field. (3) Receiving and responding to requests for information and technical X Experience. Position requires 1 year experience in fire protection. assistance from architects, engineers, and developers on design criteria for Any work-related experience resulting in acceptable proficiency levels in the various occupancies and industrial processes minimum qualifications is an acceptable substitute for the specified education (4) Attending meetings with architects, developers, and jurisdiction staff to and experience requirements listed in X and X discuss plan review requirements and procedures X Licenses/Certificates. Position requires driversʼ license, certified (5) Assisting in preparation of variances and appeals before the Building inspector within 12 months, and certification in fire alarms and automatic Standards Commission sprinklers within 18 months of hire date. X Typical Decisions. The incumbent evaluates and approves fire X The statements in X through X are intended to protection system plan submittals and makes recommendations on alternate describe the general nature and level of work being performed and are not methods or materials when appropriate. The incumbent evaluates and makes intended to be an exhaustive list of all responsibilities, duties, and skills that recommendations on requests for variance to the fire codes and local laws can be required. pertaining to fire safety. Statement: The agrees with the submitterʼs X Minimum Qualifications. The Plan Examiner I should have the recommendation and made some editorial revisions. The believes qualifications in X through X at a minimum. the proposed annex meets the submitterʼs intent. X Knowledge. Position requires a working knowledge of fire and building codes and laws, basic knowledge of the principles, techniques, and design of fixed fire suppression and detection systems, and the ability to read and interpret plans and blueprints. X Skills. Position requires effective verbal and written communication skills. X Education. Position requires associateʼs degree (bachelorʼs degree preferred) in fire protection technology or related field. 1-99

100 1-206 Log# 113 UFC-AAA Final Action: Reject (Annex Q (New)) Submitter : Eddie Phillips, Southern Regional Fire Code Development Recommendation: Add a new adoptable annex to read: X.X Fire Fighter Building Safety Marking System. X.X.1 General. X.X.1.1 The fire fighter building safety marking system provides basic building information for fire fighters responding to the building or structure. X.X.1.2 All buildings and structures, except for one- and two-family dwellings, shall have the fire fighter building safety marking system installed in a location(s) approved by the fire department. X.X.1.3 The fire fighter building safety marking system shall be readily visible from the street or fire lane or as approved by the fire department. X.X.1.4 The fire fighter building safety marking system shall be made of a white reflective background with black letters of a durable material and permanently affixed to the building or structure in an approved manner. X.X.2 Sign. X.X.2.1 The fire fighter building safety marking system shall be a Maltese cross as shown in Figure X.X.2.1. X.X.2.2 The size of the assigned ratings shall be in accordance with Table X.X.2.2 or as approved by the fire department. Table X.X.2.2 Arrangement and Order of Hazard Ratings Optional Form of Application Distance at which hazard ratings must be legible Minimum size of hazard ratings required 50 ft (15.24 m) 1 in. (2.54 cm) 75 ft (22.86 m) 2 in. (5.08 cm) 100 ft (30.48 m) 3 in. (7.62 cm) 200 ft (60.96 m) 4 in. (10.16 cm) 300 ft (91.44 m) 6 in. (15.24 cm) X.X.3 Ratings. X.X.3.1 Ratings shall be determined by the Construction Type, Hazards of Contents, Automatic Fire Sprinkler Systems and Fire Alarms Systems, Occupancy/Life Safety, and Special Hazards in accordance with this section as approved by the authority having jurisdiction. X.X.3.2 Construction Type. The construction type shall be rated by determining its construction type and assigning the appropriate rating to the top of the Maltese cross. 1 Fire Resistive Type I(443) and I(332) 2 Noncombustible Type II(222) 3 Ordinary Type II(111) and III(211) 4 Heavy Timber Type IV(2HH) 5 Noncombustible(no ratings), Wood Frame Type II(000), III(200) and V(000) T Unprotected Truss Construction V Unprotected Vertical Openings A.X.X.3.2 Type I Fire Resistive, Type II Noncombustible, Type III Ordinary, Type IV Heavy Timber, Type V Wood Frame. Arabic Numbers: First Arabic Number. Exterior bearing walls, Second Arabic Number. Columns, beams, girders, trusses and arches, supporting bearing walls, columns, or loads from more than one floor, Third Arabic Number. Floor construction. X.X.3.3 Hazards of Contents. The hazards of contents shall be rated by determining its hazard and assigning the appropriate rating to the left of the Maltese cross. 1 Low Hazard - Low hazard contents shall be classified as those of such low combustibility that no self-propagating fire therein can occur or where the quantity and/or combustibility of contents is low and fires with relatively low rates of heat release are expected. 2 Ordinary Hazard - Ordinary hazard contents shall be classified as those that are likely to burn with moderate rapidity or to give off a considerable volume of smoke or where combustibility is low, quantity of combustibles is moderate, stockpiles of combustibles do not exceed 8 ft (2.4 m), and fires with moderate rates of heat release are expected. 3 Moderate Hazard - Moderate hazard contents shall be classified as those that are likely to burn with moderate rapidity or to give off a considerable volume of smoke or where the quantity and combustibility of contents is moderate to high, stockpiles do not exceed 12 ft (3.7 m), and fires with moderate to high rates of heat release are expected. 4 High Hazard - High hazard contents shall be classified as those that are likely to burn with extreme rapidity or from which explosions are likely. 5 Extra Hazard - Extra Hazard contents shall be classified as those where the quantity and combustibility of contents is very high and dust, lint, or other materials are present, introducing the probability of rapidly developing fires with high rates of heat release but with little or no combustible or flammable liquids or with moderate to substantial amounts of flammable or combustible liquids or occupancies where shielding of combustibles is extensive. X.X.3.4 Automatic Fire Sprinkler/Fire Alarms. The automatic fire sprinkler and fire alarm systems shall be rated by determining its level of protection and assigning the appropriate rating to the right of the Maltese cross. 1 Automatic Fire Sprinkler and Fire Alarm System installed throughout 2 Automatic Fire Sprinkler System installed throughout 3 Partial Automatic Fire Sprinkler System installed 4 Fire Alarm System installed throughout 5 None X.X.3.5 Occupancy/Life Safety. The occupancy/life safety type shall be rated by determining the occupancy type and assigning the appropriate rating to the bottom of the Maltese cross. 1 Day Care, Detention and Correction Institutes, Health Care 2 Ambulatory Health Care, Assembly, Board and Care, Educational 3 Apartment, Hotel and Dormitories, Lodging and Rooming Houses 4 Business, General Industrial, Mercantile 5 Storage, Special Purpose Industrial, High Hazard Industrial L Unusual Life Hazard X.X.3.6 Special Hazards.* The special hazards can be assigned to the center of the Maltese cross. 704 system DNE Do not enter A-X.X.3.6 The NFPA 704 system can be incorporated into this marking system as long as all the requirements of NFPA 704 are met. Substantiation: The fire fighter building marking system is a way to assist fire fighters in knowing the hazards within the building or structure. The system is based on the current NFPA 704 system. Fire fighter safety issues are addressed in this Code. One of the main problems of responding to fires in having minimal information on key components or activities with or within the building. This proposed marking system will provide the key information needed by responding fire fighters to a building. By having it as an adoptable annex jurisdictions could adopt it if they wanted without burdening those who donʼt. Statement: The proposal does not provide guidance in maintenance and on keeping the fire fighter building safety marking system information current. The fire department should be getting this information from their own information gathering. Conditions in buildings change frequently, and the information provided by the sign might give fire fighters incorrect information leading to greater danger Log# 175 UFC-AAA Final Action: Reject (Entire Document) Submitter : Peter W. Szerlag Arlington, MA Recommendation: All premises shall be engineered such that a prone public safety worker shall be able to make contact with via his/her portable the IC or dispatcher radio to the IC or dispatcher. Substantiation: Most public safety workers are now equipped with portable radios. The radios are useless if they cannot contact anyone.