MASTER PLAN OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCES CITY OF SAULT STE. MARIE SUMMARY. Prepared for:

Transcription

1 MASTER PLAN OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCES CITY OF SAULT STE. MARIE SUMMARY Prepare for: Engineering an Planning Department The Corporation of the City of Sault Ste. Marie 99 Foster Drive, P.O. Box 580 Sault Ste. Marie, ON P6A 5N1 Ontario Tel Fax ASI File 09SP-81 June 2011

2 MASTER PLAN OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCES CITY OF SAULT STE. MARIE SUMMARY An apprch to archaeological planning employing a comprehensive potential moel is an effective response to an ol problem how to eal with evience of the past that is, for the most part, not visible because it is burie unergroun (or uner water). The City of Sault Ste. Marie has a long cultural history that begins thousans of years ago an continues to the present. The archaeological sites that are the physical remains of this lengthy settlement history represent a fragile an non-renewable cultural heritage resource. The common response of out of sight, out of min, however, is no longer possible in ty s political an legal climate. Recent court cases involving Aboriginal lan claims, not to mention stop-work orers issue when human remains are uncovere on a evelopment site, are but two examples of the ways in which archaeological resources affect property owners an the municipalities in which they are locate. Policy initiatives, such as those foun in the report of the Ipperwash inquiry, recommening that every municipality in Ontario aopt a master plan for archaeological resources so as to ientify their flashpoints an put in place a way of ealing with them before they happen, couple with more stringent heritage resource conservation policies in the Provincial Policy Statement (Planning Act), the Ontario Cemeteries Act, an the Ontario Heritage Act, require municipalities to more wisely plan for the conservation of archaeological resources. In other wors, cities such as Sault Ste. Marie have no choice but to aress archaeology, preferably by preparing stuies of this nature. The goo news is that such stuies are an excellent tool for municipalities. First, they tell you what has been foun by proviing an inventory an evaluation of known archaeological resources. Secon, they tell you where uniscovere archaeological resources are most likely to be foun by ientifying areas of archaeological resource potential. Both of these inventories are mappe onto the City s GIS atabase, making them very accessible to staff an the public alike. Thir, they tell you what to o with both the known an probable places in which archaeological resources are likely to be encountere, by proviing the step by step process for managing such resources. Fourth, they structure this avice within a clear, logical framework base on an historical analysis of the city an using international best practices for preparing cultural resource management plans. In this way, they are effective an robust, able to withstan challenges an suite to upating as new information emerges. Once a stuy of this nature is in place, the risk of unfortunate surprises occurring (such as isturbing a burial site) is significantly reuce, an public awareness of archaeological resources consierably increase. Property owners, evelopers, an prospective buyers know beforehan whether they will have to conuct archaeological investigations if they want to evelop or reevelop a site. Citizens will know their community s history better an, it is hope, appreciate its heritage more fully. An with more cultural heritage resources ientifie an interprete within Sault Ste. Marie, tourists will have a greater selection of places to visit. Inee, careful planning for the conservation an interpretation of cultural heritage resources will promote economic growth an offer opportunities for improving local quality of life. In recognition of these facts, the City of Sault Ste. Marie retaine Archaeological Services Inc. (ASI) to unertake this stuy.

3 Archaeological Potential Moel for the City of Sault Ste. Marie Page 2 The Potential Moel for the City of Sault Ste. Marie ha three major gls: 1) the compilation of inventories of registere an unregistere archaeological sites within the City an the preparation of an overview of the area's settlement history as it may be expecte to pertain to archaeological resources; 2) the evelopment of an archaeological site potential moel, base on known site locations, past an present lan uses, an environmental an cultural-historical ata; an 3) a review of the current feeral, provincial, an municipal planning an management guielines for archaeological resources, as well as the ientification of a new recommene management strategy for known an potential archaeological resources within the City. To ate, 36 archaeological sites have been registere within the City, which ate from 10,000 years ago through to the nineteenth an early twentieth centuries. In orer to unerstan the manner in which aitional, as yet unocumente archaeological sites may be istribute within the City, an archaeological potential moel was evelope using the City s Geographic Information System (GIS) to map various sets of information as separate, but complementary, layers of spatial ata on 1:10,000 scale igital base maps (Figure 1). The zones of pre-contact archaeological potential were etermine only after a etaile consieration of the past natural an cultural environments in the City. The zones were then base on istance to various forms of potable water, the locations of glacial beach riges an slope attributes. Examination of the early historic mapping of the City, together with consieration of the basic historical themes that have been most influential in the evelopment of the historic core of the City an the former townships of the City, le to the ientification of areas of early settlement, commercial, inustrial an transportation evelopment an the mapping of these zones as areas of historic archaeological potential. The final task in the analysis was to eliminate areas where previous evelopment has resulte in extensive lanscape isturbance. The remaining lans falling within the zones of pre-contact an historic potential encompass approximately 51% of the total lanmass of the City. The tool that the City currently uses to require assessments, provie by the Ministry of Tourism an Culture, currently captures over 90% of the City. The role of the municipality in the conservation of these resources is crucial. Planning an lan use control are preominantly municipal responsibilities an the impact of municipal lan use ecisions on archaeological resources is significant, especially since municipally-approve evelopments constitute the majority of lan isturbing activities in the Province. The primary means by which these resources may be protecte is through the planning application process. Furthermore, review of evelopment applications for archaeological resource concerns are mae irectly by the City. In recognition of these facts, the final task of this stuy was the ientification of a series of policies for incorporation in the Official Plan an of practices within the evelopment applications process that will ensure the conservation of these valuable cultural heritage resources within the overall process of change an growth in the City. The results of this work were compile in two reports entitle Archaeological Potential Moel for the City of Sault Ste. Marie, Technical Report an Planning for the Conservation of Archaeological Resources in the City of Sault Ste. Marie, both ate September 2010.

4 Archaeological Potential Moel for the City of Sault Ste. Marie Page 3 The major recommenations resulting from this stuy inclue: It is recommene that the archaeological potential mapping be use in etermining requirements for archaeological assessments (Figure 1). It is recommene that the Engineering an Planning Department work with City epartments to establish protocols that ensure that in all appropriate circumstances, construction projects unertaken by evelopers, ratepayers an the City of Sault Ste. Marie that may impact archaeological resources on public lans (e.g., trail, playgroun, playing fiel, public washroom, parking lot construction, r wiening/extension, trunk sewer an watermain construction, stormwater management facility construction, municipal builing an structure construction, etc.) an which are locate in areas of archaeological potential, are subject to archaeological assessment prior to any lan isturbing activity. It is recommene that when there are any new esignations of heritage properties (which inclue constructions ating before 1920) uner Part IV of the Ontario Heritage Act, that the property footprint be ae to the final potential mapping (Figure 1). If the newly esignate property is surroune by greenfiels, the newly esignate property shoul be buffere by 100 metres for archaeological potential. No Stage 4 archaeological investigations on Aboriginal sites shoul be unertaken within the City of Sault Ste. Marie without first filing a First Nations consultation report with the Engineering an Planning Department. Archaeological assessment reports shoul contain avisories on the steps to be taken shoul unanticipate eeply burie archaeological remains or human remains be foun on a property uring construction activities. In orer to ensure the long term viability of the Archaeological Potential Moel, it shoul be subject to perioic comprehensive review an shoul be carrie out by a license archaeologist in co-orination with the perioic review of the City s Official Plan Proceures outline in the Memoranum of Unerstaning between the Ministry of Tourism an Culture an the City of Sault Ste. Marie shoul be followe regaring the sharing of information concerning archaeological site locations. It is recommene that the City evelop an aopt, in consultation with the Ministry of Tourism an Culture, relevant Aboriginal communities, other agencies, lanowners, an the public, a Contingency Plan for the Protection of Archaeological Resources in Urgent Situations. The City of Sault Ste. Marie shoul implement a public awareness initiative by which the general public might be mae more knowlegeable of the wie range of archaeological resources present within the City. The City of Sault Ste. Marie shoul consier preparing both an accurate an comprehensive inventory of the archaeological collections currently hel by museums an consulting archaeologists an a guieline encouraging the curation of material from archaeological sites within Sault Ste. Marie at local museums.

5 Archaeological Potential Moel for the City of Sault Ste. Marie Page 4 In summary, cities can no longer avoi ealing with archaeological resources especially since provincial planning policy has been strengthene in this regar. More importantly, there are clear preceents in law that emonstrate the severe financial an political costs of avoiing this responsibility. Sault Ste. Marie is making a wise choice in builing on their past commitment an joining with other major municipalities in Ontario (e.g., Muskoka, Ottawa-Carleton, Howlan Township on Manitoulin Islan, Lonon, Toronto, Kingston, Region of Waterloo, to name only a few) in aopting progressive policies for the wise use an conservation of their archaeological recors.

6 R Re kr oc Connor R Win Farm Phase 1 Case R Black R Anna Street st Ea Great Northern R et tre ns ee Qu y et re St Wellington Street East Bounary R Canal Drive kr n Tru McNabb Street West Lake Street Street Secon Line East Pim Street Carpin Beach R Albert Ba ysie Sunn Airport R Street Gagnon R Wallace Terrace Base Line Gagnon R South Walls Sie R e Secon Line West a riv MountainView Drive ld st al Ro Town Line R sh ah ar Thir Line East Thir Line West Kor M Leigh's Bay R Thir Line West Highway 17 Ea Allen's Sie R Fourth Line East North Ol Goulais Bay R kr Peoples R ee en's W ay Cr Fifth Line East Carm ll R Cooper Street Hi Goulais Avenue Fifth Line West h R Beac rive Des Pointe Aux Pins Drive sd ene Ch LEGEND 528 Bathurst St. Toronto, Ontario Canaa, M5S 2P9 T F info@iasi.to/ww w.ias±.to Figure 1: Final Zone of Archaeological Potential BASE: Archaelogical Potential with integrity an no slope exceeing 10egrees Intermittent Water Course Wetlan Open Water Course Waterboy The Corporation of the City of Sault Ste. Marie Engineering & Planning Division Feb 8, km SCALE ASI PROJECT NO.: 09SP-81 DATE: SEPT 27, 2010 DRAWN BY: S.F. FILE: 09SP-81_Final Potential