Application of Bidirectional Energy Management Interfaces (BEMIs) for Distribution Grid Services

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1 Application of Bidirectional Energy Management Interfaces (s) for Distribution Grid Services Dr. David Nestle, Jan Ringelstein ISET e.v. ISET e.v., Königstor 59, D Kassel, Tel.: , Ringelstein-Germany Session 4 Paper ID

2 Situation: decentralized generation and consumption System boundary 20/ 0,4 kv - share of decentralized generators in low- / middle voltage (LV/MV) grid increasing - 50 % of German electrical energy consumption in the LV grid - Consumption and Generation non-optimized - no Communication and Control in LV grid - no supervision or control of generators and loads possible! Arising grid problems due to high share of distributed generation Ringelstein-Germany Session 4 Paper ID

3 Goal: optimize consumption and decentralized generation System Boundary 20/ 0,4 kv Goal: efficient use of renewable energy sources, avoid derating DG Consumption AND Generation optimized Communication down to LV grid ( Smart Grid ) Management of DG is key element in future smart low-voltage grids! LV grid supervision and incentives for customers are needed. Ringelstein-Germany Session 4 Paper ID

4 Solution: automatic decentralized optimization of load and generation by s using variable tariffs transmission system operator distribution system operator control energy Distribution grid services meter reading billing hourly reserve energy management balancing account Energy service provider Pool- spot market buy/sell Remote supervision control energy market Electricity stock market = remote meter reading energy Energiehandel trade energy Dienstleistung services Ringelstein-Germany Session 4 Paper ID

5 Test Site for ISET-+ with two households (hardware simulation) Ringelstein-Germany Session 4 Paper ID

6 Test Site for ISET-+ : -controlled Micro CHP and heat storages Ringelstein-Germany Session 4 Paper ID

7 Possible applications and distribution grid services according to operational states Normal Operation: Compromised Op.: Disturbed Op.: no black-outs, s, Pool- and DG in full operation some DG derated or some s / Pool- out of operation some customers cut-off from public network Normal Operation Load profile influencing Peak load reduction Compromised Operation Disturbed Operation Balancing energy provision Automatic grid state supervision, Fault detection Supervision of customer power supply Grid bottleneck supervision and Secure DER shutdown for avoidance grid maintainance Blackout Island notification operation for DSO mode Grid reconstruction Local voltage control and power quality optimization Customer notification of system state Ringelstein-Germany Session 4 Paper ID

8 Software simulation of system - simulation modules 1. Household and simulation Electrical devices, e.g. freezer, washing machine, PV and CHP generators Customer action and management 2. Pool- and user interface 3. Interface to grid calculation software (DIgSILENT PowerFactory) Ringelstein-Germany Session 4 Paper ID

9 Example simulation result - system comprising 1000 households Tariff [ct/kwh] Total load [kw] VDEW H0 Profile Standard Profile Total SOC FPS SOC FPS 00:00 04:00 08:00 12:00 16:00 20:00 24:00 Daytime SOC: State of Charge devices fridges, freezers FPS: Fixed program schedule devices washing machines, tumble dryers, dish dryers Ringelstein-Germany Session 4 Paper ID

10 Example simulation result - system comprising 1000 households Tariff [ct/kwh] Single household load [kw] Total SOC FPS Standard Profile Total SOC FPS 00:00 04:00 08:00 12:00 16:00 20:00 24:00 Daytime SOC: State of Charge devices fridges, freezers FPS: Fixed program schedule devices washing machines, tumble dryers, dish dryers Ringelstein-Germany Session 4 Paper ID

11 Example simulation result - system comprising 1000 households Tariff [ct/kwh] Single household load [kw] Total SOC FPS Standard Profile Total SOC FPS 00:00 04:00 08:00 12:00 16:00 20:00 24:00 Daytime SOC: State of Charge devices fridges, freezers FPS: Fixed program schedule devices washing machines, tumble dryers, dish dryers Ringelstein-Germany Session 4 Paper ID

12 Example simulation result - system comprising 1000 households Tariff [ct/kwh] Total load [kw] VDEW H0 Profile Total SOC FPS 00:00 04:00 08:00 12:00 16:00 20:00 24:00 Daytime SOC: State of Charge devices fridges, freezers FPS: Fixed program schedule devices washing machines, tumble dryers, dish dryers Ringelstein-Germany Session 4 Paper ID

13 Application example: incentive-based voltage control in the LV grid Step 1 distribution system operator Voltage alarm thresholds Energy service provider Pool- Tariff profile, voltage alarm thresholds Pool- arranges with DSO for upper/lower voltage alarm thresholds Ringelstein-Germany Session 4 Paper ID

14 Application example: incentive-based voltage control in the LV grid Step 1 distribution system operator Energy service provider Pool- Alarm messages Overvoltage Overvoltage s optimize local load and generation and send alarms to Pool- if voltage thresholds were exceeded Ringelstein-Germany Session 4 Paper ID

15 Application example: incentive-based voltage control in the LV grid Step 1 distribution system operator Notify Energy service provider Pool- Load tariff decrease proposals Overvoltage Overvoltage When alarmed, Pool- asks s for load tariff decrease proposals in order to achieve load switch-on Ringelstein-Germany Session 4 Paper ID

16 Application example: incentive-based voltage control in the LV grid Step 1 distribution system operator Energy service provider Pool- Tariff change Immediate load switch-on Pool decreases the load tariff according to the proposals, leading to immediate load switch-on and voltage decrease. Ringelstein-Germany Session 4 Paper ID

17 Test network for simulation of incentive-based voltage control 3 m 39 m NAYY 4x150SE Feeder D HH 89 HH 98 External Grid 3 m 39 m NAYY 4x150SE HH 69 HH 88 Feeder C 0,4 kv Slack- Node 3 m 39 m 3 m 39 m NAYY 4x150SE Feeder B HH 35 HH 68 3 m 39 m 3 m 39 m NAYY 4x150SE Feeder A HH 1 HH 2 HH 34 Weak rural area network 98 Households with 5 kwp PV generator each Ringelstein-Germany Session 4 Paper ID

18 Simulation result for voltage at HH 34 Voltage average L1,L2,L3 [V] Alarm threshold 106% U nom With incentive-based voltage control time of threshold exceedance is reduced by 33% Without incentive-based voltage control If PV were derated during overvoltage situation, energy loss could be reduced by more than 30% 8:00 9:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 Daytime Ringelstein-Germany Session 4 Paper ID

19 Thank you for your attention!.. Any questions? Jan Ringelstein ISET e.v., Königstor 59, D Kassel, Tel.: , Ringelstein-Germany Session 4 Paper ID