STAR YOUR OWN COLD STORAGE UNIT

Transcription

1 STAR YOUR OWN COLD STORAGE UNIT SPECIAL FEATURES OF COLD STORAGE PROJECT Priority Sector as per Govt. Policy Easy Financing Facilities Easy to Manage Only Fixed Assets Investments High Rate of Return High Demand of Cold Storage Facility Tax Benifits Financial Incentive Brief Analysis of a Model Cold Storage Project BRIEF ABOUT REFRIGERATED COLD STORAGE Specific Items for Consideration B.I.S. SPECIFICATION Indian Standards on Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Industry Availability Address of B.I.S. Specification SELECTION OF THE LOCATION FOR THE COLD STORAGE Important Location for Cold Storages Refrigerants Properties of Ammonia Ammonia Mixture Temperature of ammonia at vaious Sections Temperature PRODUCTION DETAILS AND PROCESS OF MANUFACTURE Optimum Storage Condition for Various Fruits Optimum Storage Conditions for Vegetables Process of Description (Cold Storage) Insulating of Valves Control Insulation Thickness Graph OPERATING CONDITIONS Onion Brussels Sprouts Lettuce Asparagus Tomatoes

2 Potatoes PRINCIPLES OF FRESH FOOD STORAGE Nature of Harvested Crops Plant Product Storage Treatments of Control Post Harvest Decay of Fresh Produce Decay Control Heat evolved in the Respiration of Fruits and Vegetables Temperature of Cold Storage Rooms Metabolism a Function of Temperature Recommended Storage Temperature, Relative Humidities, Approximate Storage Life and Average Freezing Point of Fruits and Nuts Rate of Respiration of Apples Related to Temperature of Environment Creating Energy Deficits Creating Energy Deficits Mechanically Useful Temperatures Schematic Diagram of a Simple Ammonia Refrigeration system Determining Refrigeration Load Needed Specific heat of Foods Cold Injury to Fruits and Vegetables Commodities Suscecptible to Cold Injury when Stored at only Moderately Low Temperatures Animal Product Storage Meat Milk Reported Generation Times for some Psychrotrophs at 0 Degree C to 32 Degree C Distribution of 3880 Samples of Manufacturing Grade Milk According to Bacterial Levels of Coil Aerogenes and Micrococci in Spoiled Beef Relationship Between Temperature and Types of Bacteria Causing Spoilage of Chicken Meat Eggs Relationship Between Temperature and Types of Bacteria Causing Spoilage of Albumen Calculation of Refrigeration Load Bacon Flavor Scores as Influenced by Temperature and Time of Storage Fish Egg Storage Quality Loses in Shell Eggs on Storage at Different Temperature Loses in Moisture and Thinning of Whites Decreases Egg Quality Recommended Cold Storage Temperatures for Selected Foods Recommended Storage Temperatures, Relative Humidities, Approximate Storage Life and Freezing Point of Vegetables Effect of Cold Storage on Quality Preserving Foods in a Micro Environment Losses in Vitamin C in Selected Vegetables on Cold Storage Changes in Carotene of Sweet Potatoes Stored at 10o C for Four Months Relation of Temperature to Firmness of Barlett Pears in Cold Storage Thiamin, Riboflayin and Niacin Changes in Cold Stored Pork and Pork Products Loss of Sweetness in Sweet Corn During Storage Packaging Materials Tests which may be performed Partial Checklist for Flexible Packaging Films Disorders of Stored Foods

3 REFRIGERATION Principles in Basic Basic Vapor Cycle Refrigeration Cycles and System Overview Closed-Cycle operation Compound Cycle Cascade Cycle Refrigerant Numbering System Refrigerant Selection for the Closed Cycle System with Flash Economizers Liquid Rectrculation Refrigerants Properties of Common Refrigerants Open Cycle Compressors Open Cycle Operations Volume-Pressure Relationships in a Reciprocating Compressors Open Cycle Refrigerant Selection Use of Ice Compressors Volume Pressure Relationships in a Centrifugal Compressors Typical Refrigerant Condenser Typical Fixed Tube Sheet Evaporator Typical Flooded Shell & Tube Evaporator Condensers Approximate Condensaer heat Rejection Rates Effect of Different Scale Factors Typical Spray Type Evaporator Evaporators Oil Return Flash Gas Distribution Gas Liquid Separation Submergence Effect System Design Considerations Power Requirements at Various Temperature Levels Typical Baffled Shell Evaporator Refrigeration System Specifications Process Flow Sheets Basic Specifications Instrumentation & Control Requirements Off Designed Operation TECHNICAL AND DESIGN SECTION Cooling Coils Hydro Cooling Compressors and Condensing Sets Remote Condensers Evaporator/Cooler Direct Refrigeration Cooling with Ambient Air Quick Cooling Methods

4 Forced Air Cooling Vacuum Cooling Insulation Board or Slab Insulation Granuler and Loose Fill Materials Framed 'In Situ' Sprayed on Insulation Pre-Fored Panels Insulation Thickness Structure Foundations Floor Walls Roof Ceilings Sectional Stores Technical Note Introduction Selection of Site Orientation and building Form Space Requirement Design of Building Internal Racking System Foundation Thermal Insulation Applications Vapour Barrier Cold Storage Doors Selection of the Refrigeration Plant Capacity and Machinery Compressor Refrigerant Condensers Air Circulation Design Example Example Solution Concluding Remarks Recommended Thickness of Insulation for Potato Cold Storage Building Section Capacity of the Cold Storage for Different Heights of the Potato Cold Storage Design Specifications for Cold Storages of Different Capacities MAIN FEATURES OF AMMONIA COMPRESSORS Lubrication Force Feed Lubricating Systems Installation Compressor foundation Initial Starting Stopping the Compressor Periodical Maintenance To Clean the Suction Strainer To Clean the Oil Strainer

5 Shaft Seal Principles of Refrigeration Single Stage ammonia Refrigeration Cycle Single Stage ammonia Refrigeration Cycle Receiver Liquid Control Evaporator Compressor Condenser Possible Trouble Abnormal Sounds List of Spare Parts Main Body Assembly Wheel Assembly Padestal bearing Assembly Force Feed Lubricator Condensed List of Cold Storage Temperature Daily Operating Log Sheet Ammonia Compressors Nominal Dimensions without Fly Wheel Force Feed Oiling System Location of Compressor operating Valve Arrangement of Oil Gauge Glass Suction Strainer Removal Oil Filter removal Refrigeration System with Compressor Spare Parts Oil Lubrication Arrangement Side View for 6,000 Mt. Cold Storage Plant Top View for 6,000 Mt. Cold Storage Plant Plant Room Refrigerant Equipments for 12,000 Mt. Capacity REFRIGERATED COLD STORAGE DESIGN Initial Building Considerations Size Determination Building Design Specialised Storage Design Controlled Atmosphere Storage Rooms Jacketed Storages Construction Methods Floor Constructions Electrical Wiring Tracking Cold Storage Doors Refrigeration System Selection Load Determination Air Cooling Units & Coils Automatic Defrosting Storage Requirements and Properties of Perishable Products Desirable Transit for Various Vegetables Onions Ammonia Gas Discolouration

6 Potatoes QUOTATION FOR 50,000 BAGS COLD STORAGE PLANT Water Line Diagram Cold Storage for 4,000 Mt. Layout for 8,000 Mt. Cold Storage Plant QUOTATION FOR 1,00,000 BAGS COLD STORAGE PLANT Water Line Diagram for 8,000 Mt. Cold Storage Plant Layout for 4,000 Mt. Cold Storage Plant QUOTATION FOR 1,50,000 BAGS COLD STORAGE PLANT Layout for 12,000 Mt. & 1,50,000 Bags Cold Storage Plant Water Line Diagram for 12,000 Mt. Cold Storage Plant DETAILS OF PLANT EQUIPMENTS AND MACHINERIES Ammonia Compressors Double Cylinder Ammonia Compressors Multi Cylinder Ammonia Air Cooling Units Fin Type Ammonia Air Cooling Units Ammonia Condensing Unit Fin Type Ammonia Air Cooling Unit Ice Cans Insulated Doors Hand Hoist Agitators Valves Ammonia Compressors Construction Details Compressor Pistons Crank Shaft Connecting Rods Compressor shaft seal Water Jacket Manifold Specifications: Ammonia Compressors BHP and Capacity Ratings: Ammonia Compressors PROJECT PROFILES Plant Economics of Potato Cold Storing of 8,500 Mt. and 3,000 Mt. Ice Slabs Plant Economics of Cold Storing of 1,000 Mt. Plant Economics of Cold Storing of 100 Mt. Frozen Vegetables Plant Economics of Cold Storing of 10,000 Mt. of Fruits & Vegetables Plant Economics of Cold Storing of 1,000 Mt. of Vegetables & Fruits Plant Economics of Cold Storing of 600 Mt. of Frozen Vegetables

7 REFRIGERATED COLD STORAGE EQUIPMENTS AND ALLIED EQUIPMENTS SUPPLIERS Engineers India Research Institute (EIRI) is a renowned name in the industrial world for offering technical and financial consultancy services. EIRI services are: Detailed Feasibility Reports New Project Identification Project Feasibility and Market Study Identification of Lucrative Industrial Project Opportunities Preparation of Project Profiles / Pre-Investment and Detailed Feasibility Studies, Market Surveys / Studies, Market Survey Cum Detailed Techno-Economic Feasibility Reports Project Reports in CD Roms Identification of Plant /Process/Machinery and Equipment, Industrial General Guidance for setting up new industrial projects. Our most up-to-date and Technologically Advanced Industrial Project Reports, categorized with respect to Financial Outlays and Sector wise Classification are immensely useful for : Existing Small or Medium Scale Industrialists facing competition from large houses Young Entrepreneurs dreaming to start their own industrial enterprise Young Graduates and Professionals wishing to begin their career Industrialists interested in Debottlenecking their capacities & New Product Lines Large Industrial Houses pursuing Expansion, Growth and Diversification Plans