Workshop Bridge and Tunnel Safety and Security

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Workshop Bridge and Tunnel Safety and Security Safety and Security Research Activities for Bridges and Tunnels in Germany Juergen Krieger, Ingo

1 Workshop Bridge and Tunnel Safety and Security Safety and Security Research Activities for Bridges and Tunnels in Germany Juergen Krieger, Ingo Kaundinya Federal Highway Research Institute (BASt), Bergisch Gladbach, Germany Federal Highway Research Institute, Division Bridges and Structural Engineering

2 Outline Procedures for Risk Assessment Tunnels with special characteristics DG transports through tunnels Real time risk assessment SECURITY SAFETY Technologies Loudspeakers Vehicle detection Identification of critical infrastructure Human Factors Design of emergency exits Needs of handicapped people Smoke and evacuation simulation Field study for testing of human behavior in emergency situations J. Krieger, I. Kaundinya, TRB, 23 January 2011, Washington, D.C. 2/26

Technologies Design of loudspeakers, acoustic messages Acoustic messages from loudspeakers in tunnels are very often incomprehensible for users Formulation of design advices and development of

3 Technologies Design of loudspeakers, acoustic messages Acoustic messages from loudspeakers in tunnels are very often incomprehensible for users Formulation of design advices and development of unified design criteria for loudspeakers in tunnels Loudspeaker technique and alignment Predefined acoustic messages Instructions for behavior Measurement on site Implementation into national guideline RABT 2006 J. Krieger, I. Kaundinya, TRB, 23 January 2011, Washington, D.C. 3/26

Technologies New detection systems for road

Integration in tunnel operating system J.

4 Technologies New detection systems for road tunnels Demonstrator at a German road tunnel near Munich DG detection (Video / IR) DG detection (RFID) Overheated vehicles (IR) Integration in tunnel operating system J. Krieger, I. Kaundinya, TRB, 23 January 2011, Washington, D.C. 4/26

5 Technologies DG detection with video and IR technology UN-number Kemler-number Siemens Siemens Siemens J. Krieger, I. Kaundinya, TRB, 23 January 2011, Washington, D.C. 5/26

6 Technologies Detection of overheated vehicle (parts) with IR J. Krieger, I. Kaundinya, TRB, 23 January 2011, Washington, D.C. 6/26

7 Technologies E U R O P E A N COMMISSION Community Research Research Executive Agency (REA) Security Research Unit (S.3) Identification of critical infrastructure Cost calculation Structure Bridge deck area: m² 6 lanes highway (BAB) Replacement of the bridge Detour 3 lanes Federal Road (BStr) 25 km BStr compared to 15 km BAB Traffic volume: BStr KFZ/24h (low) Costs Structure: 75 Mio. User costs: 130 Mio. Environmental costs: 5 Mio. 1 year blocked, calculated according to EWS-97 J. Krieger, I. Kaundinya, TRB, 23 January 2011, Washington, D.C. 7/26

8 Technologies Identification of critical infrastructure User costs Calculation of additional travel time due to complete and partly infrastructure closure for 150 bridges and tunnels in Germany Additional travel time for 50% and 0% remaining capacity [Vehicle hours] ,9 97,7 95,4 93,3 91,1 88,8 86,6 84,4 82,1 79,9 77,7 75,4 73,2 71,0 68,7 66,5 64,3 62,1 59,8 57,6 55,4 53,1 50,9 48,7 46,4 44,2 42,0 39,7 37,5 35,3 33,0 30,8 28,6 26,3 24,1 21,9 19,6 17,4 15,2 12,9 10,7 8,5 6,3 4,0 1,8 Sum of considered structures [%] J. Krieger, I. Kaundinya, TRB, 23 January 2011, Washington, D.C. 8/26

9 Outline Procedures for Risk Assessment Tunnels with special characteristics DG transports through tunnels Real time risk assessment SECURITY SAFETY Technologies Loudspeakers Vehicle detection Identification of critical infrastructure Human Factors Design of emergency exits Needs of handicapped people Smoke and evacuation simulation Field study for testing of human behavior in emergency situations J. Krieger, I. Kaundinya, TRB, 23 January 2011, Washington, D.C. 9/26

10 Human Factors Design of Emergency Exits J. Krieger, I. Kaundinya, TRB, 23 January 2011, Washington, D.C. 10/26

11 Human factors Design of Emergency Exits Testing of human behavior using Virtual Reality (VR) University Würzburg University Würzburg J. Krieger, I. Kaundinya, TRB, 23 January 2011, Washington, D.C. 11/26

12 Human Factors Design of Emergency Exits Virtual Reality Analyses of the interaction between user and infrastructure J. Krieger, I. Kaundinya, TRB, 23 January 2011, Washington, D.C. 12/26

13 Human Factors Design of Emergency Exits Virtual Reality J. Krieger, I. Kaundinya, TRB, 23 January 2011, Washington, D.C. 13/26

14 Human Factors Design of Emergency Exits Virtual Reality Reality J. Krieger, I. Kaundinya, TRB, 23 January 2011, Washington, D.C. 14/26

15 Human Factors Design of Emergency Exits Unified solution according to RABT 2006 J. Krieger, I. Kaundinya, TRB, 23 January 2011, Washington, D.C. 15/26

16 Human Factors Design of Emergency Exits Special needs of handicapped people Recommendations and advices for the implementation of compulsory requirements for the equal treatment of handicapped people Equality law Federal Highway law EC Tunnel Directive Technical standards (i.e. E-DIN 18030) <3 cm tactile elements (< 6 %) 7 to 25 cm J. Krieger, I. Kaundinya, TRB, 23 January 2011, Washington, D.C. 16/26

17 Human Factors Field study of human behavior in emergency situations Typical German road tunnel Validation of psychological models for human behavior in case of emergencies and results of VR studies J. Krieger, I. Kaundinya, TRB, 23 January 2011, Washington, D.C. 17/26

18 Human Factors Field study of human behavior in emergency situations J. Krieger, I. Kaundinya, TRB, 23 January 2011, Washington, D.C. 18/26

Human factors Human behavior and evacuation models Behavior

Simulation of the propagation of substances Model for user

Psychological models for user behavior in case of incidents

19 Human factors Human behavior and evacuation models Behavior and perception based escape and evacuation simulation Simulation of the propagation of substances Model for user behavior PTV AG Simulation of evacuation processes Psychological models for user behavior in case of incidents PTV AG J. Krieger, I. Kaundinya, TRB, 23 January 2011, Washington, D.C. 19/26

20 Human factors Human behavior and evacuation models Simulation of the user behavior in evacuation situations PTV AG J. Krieger, I. Kaundinya, TRB, 23 January 2011, Washington, D.C. 20/26

21 Outline Procedures for Risk Assessment Tunnels with special characteristics DG transports through tunnels Real time risk assessment SECURITY SAFETY Technologies Loudspeakers Vehicle detection Identification of critical infrastructure Human Factors Design of emergency exits Needs of handicapped people Smoke and evacuation simulation Field study for testing of human behavior in emergency situations J. Krieger, I. Kaundinya, TRB, 23 January 2011, Washington, D.C. 21/26

22 Procedures for Risk Assessments Methods for Risk Assessment of tunnels Implementation of EC Tunnel Directive 2004/54/EC Art. 13 Risk Analysis in Germany: 1. Tunnels with special characteristics: Guidelines for Safety assessments according to national guideline RABT Dangerous goods transport through road tunnels: Implementation of EC Tunnel Directive and ADR 2007/2009 Tunnel requirements in a 2 step approach for German road tunnels J. Krieger, I. Kaundinya, TRB, 23 January 2011, Washington, D.C. 22/26

23 Procedures for Risk Assessments DG transport through road tunnels Principle of tunnel categories according to ADR 2007/2009 Category Restrictions A No restrictions -- B Restrictions for cargoes with risk of very large explosions C Restrictions of category B + for cargoes with risk of large explosions or large toxic releases D E Restrictions of category C + for cargoes with risk of large fires Restrictions for all DG B C D E J. Krieger, I. Kaundinya, TRB, 23 January 2011, Washington, D.C. 23/26

24 Procedures for Risk Assessments ja ja ja ja ja ja ja ja ja ja Kategorie A nein nein nein nein nein nein nein nein nein nein Stufe 1b Stufe 1b Stufe 1b Stufe 1b Stufe 1b Stufe 1b Stufe 1b Stufe 1b Stufe 1b Stufe 1b DG transport through road tunnels German approach First Assessment of DG Risk, Tunnel (Step 1) Step 1a Initial selection Beurteilung Category A Step 1b Intrinsic Risk Tunnel Category A OECD/ PIARC Detailed Analyses (Step 2) Stufe 2a Intrinsic Risk Tunnel Hä äufigkeit pro Jahr und 100 m 1.0E E E E E E E E E Todesopfer Data / Models Category A Category B, C, D, E Step 2b Check Risk alternative Route A B B Two step approach J. Krieger, I. Kaundinya, TRB, 23 January 2011, Washington, D.C. 24/26

25 Procedures for Risk Assessments Real Time Risk Assessment for Road Infrastructure Fusion, prioritization and evaluation of data from various detection systems (e.g. IR) Computation of an online risk assessment and a real time threat analysis for the infrastructure Development of a comprehensible threat level visualization for the infrastructure operator in the control center Threat level Example for a threat level visualization J. Krieger, I. Kaundinya, TRB, 23 January 2011, Washington, D.C. 25/26

26 Thank You very much for your kind attention! Additional information: Contact:

EUROPEAN BUREAU. EuroTAP European Tunnel Assessment Programme

EUROPEAN BUREAU. EuroTAP European Tunnel Assessment Programme EUROPEAN BUREAU EuroTAP European Tunnel Assessment Programme Piedicastello Brennero History: 1999: 20 tunnels tested 2000: 25 tunnels tested 2001: 16 tunnels tested 2002: 31 tunnels tested 2003: 25 tunnels