Journal of Water and Soil Vol. 26, No. 3, Jul-Aug 2012, p

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1 Journl of Wter nd Soil Vol. 6, No. 3, Jul-Aug 0, p ( ) /3/9: 90 //5: /5 6633/4 4/5 333/6 ). ( 76/76 55/94. : 0/5 () (4) () (7).(6)....().(6).(0) (8) - (Emil: shnpour@guiln.c.ir : -) -3

2 ( )... 8 ( ) PVC )..() ( (). ). (. -Polyvinyl Chloride -Prctor (4)..... (8). (3).... (). ). ( 550 ). (. (3) ()

3 79 (LA) (Li Core300, USA). (LA/RA) 7 ) ( 48 (LDW) 4 (RDW) 3 (SDW). 5. (R/S). SAS :. ) ( ). (....() ) 0 ( 3/4 ( 55/94 ) 0 0.() - Lef Are (LA) - Lef Dry Weight (LDW) 3- Stem Dry Weight (SDW) 4- Root Dry Weight (RDW) 5- Root/Soot. 5 (Cone Penetrometer EL9-3739, Englnd). ( 60) (SPAD50, ) 60 4) Minolt, Jpn ( /00 (RFW). 0/.. =( ) 0/890 () 3. 0/5 = ( ) () (RFW) 5 4 (RA) (RDW) 6 (RV) (RDW/RV) ( ) 7 8 (DRMD) (RMD) 9 0 (RSD) (RLD).(7 9) 0/5 = (4 /( )) (3) = ( ) (4) - Sodium hexmetphosphte - Root Fresh Weight (REW) 3- Atkinson 4- Root Dry Weight (RDW) 5- Root Are (RA) 6- Root Volume 7- Root Mss Density (RMD) 8- Dry Root Mss Density (DRMD) 9- Root Length Density(RLD) 0- Root Surfce Are Density (RSD) =TL RD 3.4

4 ph EC - TN OM FC SP ds.m - () (g.cm -3 ) () 7/06 0/37 0/49 9/8 47/4 /3 0/6 9/4 50 6/9 0/5 0/09 /98 7/43 /64 / :TN :SP : - (KP) c 47 /39 76 / / /4 709 / /76 0 (/8 ).(4) (0/64 ).(4) (Root/Soot) (5).(5) (5).. (4) ) (LA) ( ( 5 ).(5). ( 0/64 ) 0 ( 0/86 0/68 ).(4). ) (SDW) ( ) (LDW).(3) ( 5.(3) ) ( 7/37 5/85.(4) ) /4 /74 (.(4)

5 73 -.(7) (35/0 ) ) (5) (.(7 ) 0.(5) ( ) 3/78.(6) 4/36 (5) (0) (39/43 ). 0/08 0/035 0/04 0/07 /75 R/S 0/03 0/37 0/8 0/37 0/46 0/30-3 0/088 0/05 0/09 0/08 4/9 /5 0/30 0/9 0/06 9/4 /70 0/90 0/87 0/06 9/34 57/97 4/48 70/4 0/85 0 8/57 (%). : -4 LA SDW LDW (cm ) (g) (g) (gr) (gr) 0/64 0/64 /8 /74 5/85 8/94 0/5 0/87 /8 6/84 0 0/68 0/ c 0/39 0/75 c 3/0 0 9/85 0/5 /06 /4 7/37 /58 0/3 0/73 /4 4/47 0 0/86 0/0 0/50 0/78 3/35 0

6 /0007 0/0786 0/005 0/003 46/7 0/93 87/56 /3 6/49 6/ /79 4/9 8/68 3/6 /58 0/0043 0/00 0/08 0/ /64 (%). : -6 0/3 4/ 36 0/ 37 / / 3/ : 0/8 35/ 0 0/05 39/43. 0/3 3/74 ) ). ( ( 4/5 DRMD RMD. 0/06 0/74 ).(9) ( (RFW) (RMD) (RV) (DRMD) (RA) (TL) (RDW/SDW) ( ) (RSD) (RLD) ( 5 ) (RDW) (RDW/RV).( 8 ) 0/097 0/99 0/38 0/03 /7 DRMD 0/0008 0/ / /000 /75-8 RMD 0/99 0/096 0/040 0/0 4/9 RV 7/9 /00 0/79 0/7 9/4 RDW 0/070 0/004 0/00 0/0037 9/34 RFW 7/54 /4 /0 0/56 0 8/57 (%). :

7 733 DRMD (kg.m -3 ) 0/ 06 0/ 045 0/ 035 RMD (kg.m -3 ) 0/ 74 0/46 0/ 30-9 RV RDW RFW (cm 3 ) (g) (g) 4/5 0/30 3/74 /58 0/ /35 0 /6 0/7 /5 0-0 (%) /70 /58 0 /35 0 /57 /0 0 /5 0 0/84 0/7 0/ 0/06 9/ / / / / /7 0/ /50 0/3 0 9/4 39/87 (%). : (km.m -3 ) / 5 0/ 78 0/ 5 - (km.m -3 ) (kg.m -3 ) (cm ) (cm) 6633/4 7/ 30 4/ / / 4 96/ 83 58/4 093 / /4 79/ 8 87/9 357 / ) 6633/4 4/5 333/6.() ( /5 (8) () (8). /57.(0 )

8 / Brley K.P The configurtion of root system in reltion to nutrient uptke. Adv. Agron. : Brzegr A.R., Ndin H., Heidri F., Herert S.J., nd Hshemi A.M Interction of soil compction, phosphorus nd zinc on clover growth nd ccumultion of phosphorus. Soil nd Till. Res. 87, Chudhry M.R., nd Prihr S.S Root development nd growth response of corn following mulching, cultivtion, or interrow compction. Agron. J. 66: Gnjli A., Kfi M., Bgheri A.R., nd Shhriri Ahmdi F Allometric reltionship for root nd shoot chrcteristics of chickpe seedlings (Cicer rietinum) J. Agri. Sci. Thech. 8: Gl T Effect of soil compction on root system development nd yields of tll fescue. Int. Agrophysics, : Hjsi M.A. 00. Tillge effects on soil compctness nd whet root morphology. J. Agric. Sci. Tech. 3: Kristoffersen A., nd Riley H Effects of soil compction nd moisture regime on the root nd shoot growth nd phosphorus uptke of rley plnts growing on soils with vrying phosphorus sttus. Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosys. 7: Klute A Methods of Soil Anlysis. Prt. Physicl nd Minerlogicl Methods. Mdison, Wisconsin, USA. - Lipiec J., Hknsson I., Trkiewicz S., nd Kossowski J. 99. Soil physicl properties nd growth of spring rley relted to the degree of compctness of two soils. Soil Till. Res. 9, Lipiec J., Medvedev V.V., Birks M., Dumitru E., Lyndin T.E., nd Roussev S Effect of soil compction on root growth nd crop yield in Centrl nd Estern Europe. Int. Agrophysics, 7: Mirnsri M., Bhrmi H.A., Rejli F., nd Mlkouti M.J Effects of soil compction nd rusculr mycorrhiz on corn (Ze mys L.) nutrient uptke. Soil & Till. Res. Soil Sci. 03: Prdo A., Amto M., nd Chirnd F.Q Reltionship etween soil structure, root distriution nd wter uptke of chickpe (Cicer rietinum L.). Plnt growth nd wter distriution. Eur. J. Agron. 3, Russell R.S. 98. Root Growth in Reltion to Mximizing Yields. In: Agriculturl Yield Potentils in Continentl Climtes. Proc. Colloq. Int. Potsh Institute, 6 th, Polnd. Wrsw. Int. Potsh Inst., Bern, Switzerlnd. Pp Tylor H.M., nd Brr G.S Effect of soil compction on root development. Agronomy, Horticulture nd Entomology Deprtment, Texs Tech. Universtiy, Luock, TX 79409, U.S.A. 8- Tylor H.M., nd Rtliff L.F Root elongtion rtes of cotton nd penuts s function of soil strength nd soil wter content. Soil Sci. 08, Tylor H.M., Huck M.G., Klepper B., nd Lund Z.F Mesurement of soil-grown roots in rhizotron. Agron. J. 6: Trouse A.C. 97. Soil Conditions s they Affect Plnt Estlishment, Root Development nd Yield. In: Ed., Compction of Agriculturl Soils, ASAE Monogrph, Am. Soc. Ag. Eng, St. Joseph Ml. pp Veen B.W. 98. The influence of mechnicl impednce on the growth of mize roots. Plnt Soil, 66:0-09.

9 Journl of Wter nd Soil 735 Vol. 6, No. 3, Jul-Aug 0, p ( ) Soil Compction nd Texture Effects on the Growth of Roots nd Shoots of Whet S. Akhvn - M. Shnpour - M. Esfhni 3 Received: Accepted: 4--0 Astrct In order to study the effect of soil compction on root nd shoot growth of whet plnts (Shhrir vriety), greenhouse pot experiment ws conducted in Guiln University. The study design ws fctoril with completely rndomized in three replictions. Tretments included three compction levels; (norml compction, compction of ten percent nd twenty percent) nd two type of soil texture (cly nd snd) will include 8 pots. Soil mechnicl resistnce index mesured with the device influence the resistnce guge significnt differences mong tretments indicted. Root nd shoot trits mesured included plnt fresh weight nd totl shoot dry weight, lef dry weight (LDW), stem dry weight (SDW), root fresh weight (RFW), root dry weight (RDW), lef re (LA), root re (RA), root volume (RV), root length (TL), root dry weight rtio of shoots, lef re to root rtio (LA/RA), root length density (RLD), root surfce re density (RSD), root mss density (RMD), dry root mss density (DRMD) nd nitrogen content of roots, significnt difference in the levels indicted tretments. The results showed tht incresing the compction of soil re ffected chrcteristics relted to the shoot nd root of whet plnts, nd twenty percent of the compction (influence resistnce 00 KP in the cly soil nd Kp in the sndy soil) is limited roots nd shoots growth thn the nturl soil. Keywords: Shoots of plnt, Soil compction, Roots, Whet,- Former MSc Student nd Assistnt Professor, Deprtment of Soil Science, Fculty of Agriculture, University of Guiln ( Corresponding Author Emil: shnpour@guiln.c.ir) 3-Associte Professor, Deprtment of Agronomy nd Plnt Breeding, Fculty of Agriculture, University of Guiln