Effect of Compost and Nitrogen Fertilizer on Basis of Morphological Characteristics of Citrus: Orange, Citrange and Sitromelo

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1 Interntionl Journl of Frming nd Allied Sciences Aville online t 1 IJFAS Journl-1--1/17-17/ 1 Decemer, 1 ISSN -1 1 IJFAS Effect of Compost nd Nitrogen Fertilizer on Bsis of Morphologicl Chrcteristics of Citrus: Ornge, Citrnge nd Sitromelo Negin Shrit Pnhi 1*, Mojt Mhmoudi nd Jfr Msoud Sinki 1.chemistry nd soil fertility student, Dmghn Brnch, Islmic Azd University, Dmghn Brnch, Dmghn, Irn.Assistnt Professor, Agriculturl nd Nturl Resources Reserch Center of Mzndrn, Sri, Irn.Deprtment of Agriculture, Dmghn Brnch, Islmic Azd University, Dmghn, Irn Corresponding uthor: Negin Shrit Pnhi ABSTRACT: Effect of compost on vegettive growth of citrus seedlings to Tuesdy The experiment ws fctoril design CRD the seedlings four replictions in 1 ws conducted. Tretments consisted of different levels of orgnic mtter (zero,., nd 7.) of mnure compost mnufcturing industries Mzndrn wood nd pper, nd different levels of pure nitrogen from mnure mmonium sulfte (zero,, nd 8 mg. kg) Ws. The results showed tht Mximum crown dimeter interction compost Nitrogen concentrtion of. percent compost with mg.kg of nitrogen in plnts Sitromelo equivlent to 1. mm nd concentrtion of 7. with 8% of the composting plnt Citrnge mg nitrogen equivlent of 8.8 mm ws the highest. Most seedlings influenced y nitrogen concentrtions ove mg.kg Citrnge seedlings were equl to 118 cm. And the mximum nd minimum numer of leves per plnt, respectively, t concentrtion of % composting rte Citrnge 8 mg.kg Nitrogen concentrtion of 7.% compost nd mg nitrogen equivlent to. nd ws. Most of the ornge tree leves t concentrtion of 7.% compost nd 8 mg.kg of nitrogen equl to. numers were otined. Keywords: Citrnge; Compost; Nitrogen; Numer of leves nd rnches; Sitromelo INTRODUCTION Citrus seedlings were plnted out 8 yers go, hs improved the economic vlue nd commercil importnce. World citrus production per cpit is 17 kg (FAO1, ). Which is the mount of 7 kg the cpit consumption rte of 1 kg nd 8 kg of citrus worldwide is estimted (FAO, ). Production in the second position fter citrus, pple nd fresh ddition to the food processing industry re lso significnt costs. Citrus production rte of pproximtely four Million tons yer (8). According to the ltest figures, out percent of the crege nd 7 percent of Cspin production of citrus is produced in the census nd the grdens close to one million nd six hundred thousnd tons province citrus production. Level of pproximtely, cres of citrus in Mzndrn top producing country in the world nd mong the ten lrgest mnufcturer of the product (1). Ornges Vitmin C is the most undnt source. It lso contins significnt mounts of sugr, crohydrtes, flvonoids, essentil oils nd minerl oils re (7). Citrus production requires certin wether conditions. In terms of the hot res etween degrees north nd degrees south orit (ornge elt) is plced. The min res of cultivtion elt in ltitude degrees south to degrees North nd to re (). Fertilizers Biologicl Contining As Preservtive Popultion Dense One Or Severl Type Fine Living Useful Terricolous Or To Form Products Metolic This Cretures Which re To Purpose Improvement Fertility Soil And fer Approprite elements Food Cse Need Plnt At One System Sustinle Agriculture To Work Go (1). Although Use From Fertilizers Biologicl At Agriculture Antiquity Lrge Is But Interest Vector Scientific From It Resources History Much No. Ech Severl Appliction This Codes At Severl

2 Intl J Frm & Alli Sci. Vol., (1): 17-17, 1 Decde Recent Reduction Results But Nowdys The Two Prolems Tht Consumption Without Procedure Fertilizers Chemicl To Existence The Is Use From They At Agriculturl gin Proposed By Is (1). Feeding fertilizers might hve n importnt role in the production of citrus seedlings. The most importnt nutrient nitrogen in plnt nutrition, especilly in high density plnting nursery plnts nd growing fst, they re, ccording to tody's environmentl prolems corrected nitrogen fertilizer for optimum growth necessry to reduce production costs nd otin is (1). The need to mine the impct of nitrogen for citrus seedling growth hs een reported y mny reserchers. Syvertesn Announced chlorophyll nd wter use efficiency nd cron dioxide in citrus leves is closely relted to lef nitrogen content (18). Recently, the process of composting using erthworms s simple technology like nturl process for otining mnure wste nd its consolidtion is regrded (1). At The eneficil effects of compost cn improve soil ggregte stility nd reduce the risk of erosion. Compost cn increse soil porosity nd wter holding cpcity of the soil nd prevent soil cidity nd relese of plnt nutrients is required (). Vermi composting erthworms fertilizer contining wste mteril, dmission in vrious stges of decomposition of orgnic wstes, is (). Rte Production Product With Rte fer Minerls And Sometimes Orgnic Soil Tht To They Aville Is used, Proportionl Been And From Long Mn To Importnce Minerls And Orgnic At Growth Plnt And Production Product Is relized Nowdys From Codes To Title Tool To Achieve Mximum Production At Unit Level Use Is It lso On Increse Production, Qulity Product Agriculture Helth Product Also Shll Considered The Is (). Remins Plnt At Steps Different Dt Source Food Spectrum Wide From Microes Soil Are. At In this regrd, Ech Wht Cron, Energy And Ingredients Food Cse Required Microorgnisms Better Prepred Be More Popultion Microil More Will Ws (1). Fertilizers Biologicl At Comprison With Mterils Chemicl Advntge The Aville Are considerly From It Sentence This Tht At Cycle Food Production Mterils Toxic And Microil Compny Are, Cpility Amplified spontneous to Se Hve And The Correction Specifictions Physicl And Chemicl Soil They Are (17). The effects of fertilizers on vegettive growth nd fruit production in Mzndrn Wood nd Pper Industries common se of citrus (ornge, Citrnge nd Sitromelo) course seeks to hve een the cse. MATERIALS AND METHODS In order to ssess the effect of mnure compost on n ornge ground, Citrnge nd Sitromelo In the yer's 11 to 1 A fctoril experiment in completely rndomized design Horticulturl Reserch Sttion Ghemshhr on four replictions ws conducted. Tretments included different levels of soil orgnic mtter (zero,., nd 7.) of compost sources nd levels of Mzndrn Wood nd Pper Industries Source of pure nitrogen fertilizer mmonium sulfte (zero., nd 8 mg. kg of soil) ws. The soil smples collected from different regions nd orgnic cron hve een mesured. A smple contining less orgnic cron ws chosen for the experiment. Selected smples were crushed gently in the lortory from oth mm sieve through the S d. Physicl nd chemicl nlysis of the texture, P H - EC - CCE, Sturtion nd totl nitrogen were mesured. The 7 kg of soil sieve ws dded to ech pot. For tretments, the clculted mount of mnure produced in the wood nd pper industry Mznd yer old ornge trees were dded to the pot, nd Sitromelo Citrnge the sme conditions nd with the sme length were grown in pots were plnted. Irrigtion Tshty eqully to ech pot to field cpcity ws reched. Intke of nutrients (except nitrogen) for plnt growth sed on soil test done. At the end of the growth period, growth prmeters such s plnt height, lef Dd of the plnt, numer of rnches per plnt nd stem dimeter (in Jnury nd Ferury) were mesured. The nlysis Dt nlysis softwre SAS nd EXCEL Form nd mens were compred y Duncn's multiple rnge tests RESULTS AND DISCUSSION dimeter: Among the sources of chnges in stem dimeter influenced cudl compost nd interction compost N seedlings Sitromelo the sttisticl proility of 1% ws used (Tle 1). Comprison of the effect showed tht the mximum dimeter of the crown in the compost with concentrtion of. percent equl to.77 mm Sitromelo seedlings otined The mximum dimeter of the tree crown Sitromelo impressed concentrtion of 8 mg per kg N equls.7 mm, respectively (Tle ). Mximum crown dimeter interction compost Nitrogen concentrtion of / percent compost with mg kg nitrogen per tree Sitromelo with 1. mm (Tle ). dimeter nitrogen interction on seedling compost Citrnge At % proility level showed significnt differences (Tle 1). Comprison of simple effects showed tht the mximum dimeter of the crown of the tree seedlings Citrnge ffect concentrtion of 8 mg per kg N equls 8.1 mm, respectively (Tle ). The mximum crown dimeter concentrtion interction compost 7. with 7% of the composting plnt Citrnge mg nitrogen equivlent of 8.8 mm 171

3 Intl J Frm & Alli Sci. Vol., (1): 17-17, 1 ws the highest (Tle ). The ornge tree crown dimeter ws not significntly different. (Tle1). The men effect showed tht the minimum dimeter of the crown t concentrtion of 7.% of orgnic fertilizer (compost) nd zero milligrms per kilogrm of nitrogen fertilizer t plnting ornge respectively 7. nd 7.7 mm, respectively (Tle ). dimeter nitrogen interction compost The ornge tree crown dimeter, mximum nd minimum, respectively, t concentrtion of 8 mg per kg of compost zero percent nitrogen nd 7. of compost with zero milligrms per kilogrm of nitrogen equl to 8.7 nd. of the respectively (Tle ). According to the results otined y (1) Plnt seed nd ornge nd trifolite ornge nd Citrnge of norml height nd stem dimeter is greter. The study found tht with incresing nitrogen concentrtion, seedling height Averge stem dimeter nd lef re t the se of the highest rtes of increse re otined when the seedlings in ech pot with mg of pure nitrogen sources were fed weekly. These results re consistent with the findings of (Willimson nd Must) And (Mrchl nd Vnnier ) Is. Plnt height: Plnt height significntly influenced y compost nd nitrogen nd compost nitrogen in plnt Asrmql Sitromelo the sttisticl proility ws 1% (Tle 1). Comprison showed tht the mximum height of seedlings t concentrtion of / of the Splings Sitromelo compost is equl to. cm, respectively (Tle ). Mximum height of the compost plnt interction Nitrogen concentrtion of. percent compost with mg.kg nitrogen per tree Sitromelo with 18.1 cm (Tle ). The height of the tree y nitrogen in the compost Asrmql Citrnge seedlings were % level, respectively (Tle 1). The comprison showed tht the mximum height of trees ffected y nitrogen concentrtion of mg per kg Citrnge seedlings ws equl to 118 cm (Tle ). The mximum height of the tree Citrnge concentrtion of 7.% compost nd 8 mg nitrogen equivlent to 1. cm, respectively (Tle ). Seedling height significntly influenced y compost nd nitrogen in seedlings of Citrus proility level of % were used (Tle 1). Minimum height of seedlings compred to simple effects of two plnts in the seedling ornge concentrtion zero milligrms per kilogrm to 7.1 cm, respectively (Tle ). Seedling ornge highest nd lowest seedling height of two trees to the Composting t zero concentrtion of 8 mg per kg of nitrogen nd 7. percent wit compost fertilizer without nitrogen fertilizer nd.8 cm, respectively (Tle ). It hs een reported tht the effect of compost on plnt height growth rte my e due to environmentl conditions nd plnt phenology stges (). Moreover, ccording to the results of (11). Resulted in incresed seedling estlishment is est to plnt. The reserch showed tht seedlings fed with mmonium sulfte fertilizer incresed the men shoot height, lef re, nd hs een le to confirm previous reserch results (1). Numer of leves per plnt: Tle 1 Numer of tree lef compost interction Sitromelo plnt nitrogen levels ws %. Mximum numer of lef compost interction Nitrogen concentrtion of. to 8 mg per kg of compost per seedling Sitromelo nitrogen ws equl to (Tle ). Compost leves in seedlings interction Nitrogen nd nitrogen in trees ornge in the level of % significnt difference ws oserved (Tle 1). Comprison of the effects of simple leves per plnt showed tht the mximum numer of leves per plnt Citrnge ffected y nitrogen fertilizer rte of 8 milligrms per kilogrm is equl to 8. numers were otined (Tle ). Also Mximum numer of lef compost interction Nitrogen highest nd lowest numer of leves per plnt Citrnge respectively, t concentrtion of % composting rte of 8 mg.kg of nitrogen t concentrtion of 7.% compost nd mg nitrogen equivlent to / nd, respectively (Tle ). Numer of leves per plnt compred Citrnge other tretment differences did not show (Tle 1). Comprison of the effects of simple leves per plnt showed tht the mximum numer of leves per plnt ornge under nitrogen t rte of 8 milligrms per kilogrm is equl to 8. numers win nd the minimum numer of leves per plnt ornge nitrogen tretments with. the numer of leves in the compost nd orgnic fertilizer, seedlings were minor differences compred to the other tretments (Tle ). Mximum numer of lef compost interction Nitrogen in the Plnt Citrus concentrtion of 7.% compost nd 8 mg per kg of nitrogen equl to. numers were otined (Tle ). Despite the fct tht ccording to the test results, mnure, compost nd nitrogen cuse significnt when plnts re However, it should e noted tht ech of the power plnt depends on the plnt species (1). Necessry to supply nitrogen for vegettive growth of citrus seedlings hs een reported y mny reserchers. Syvesten Stted tht the rte nd efficiency of wter use nd cron dioxide chlorophyll citrus leves is closely relted to lef nitrogen content. Well in vrious tests y reserchers in reltion to lef out in citrus ornge top nd the se of the lowest tree lef ornge seedlings were seen, the difference primrily reltes to the nture of the genetic sis (1). 17

4 Intl J Frm & Alli Sci. Vol., (1): 17-17, 1 Tle 1. Men Squred interction etween compost nd nitrogen fertilizer on the sis of morphologicl chrcteristics Ornge, Citrnge nd Sitromelo Ornge Num er of stem.8... Num er of lef. 8. * thickne ss (mm of the plnt 87. * * d f Citrnge Num Num er of er of stem lef thickne ss (mm) * 1.7 Heigh t of the plnt * * 71. d f Sitromelo Num Num er of er of stem lef *.7 8 dimet er (mm).7 ** 11.. **.7 of the plnt. 7 **. 1 ** 8. **. d f Vritio n Resourc es repet Compos t Nitrogen Compos t Nitrogen Error * And **: significnt respectively t 1 nd % proility level Numer of rnches per plnt: This chrcteristic difference in ny of the trits in seedlings treted Sitromelo, Citrnge nd ornge did not show significnt differences. (Tle1). Comprison showed tht the men of the mximum nd minimum The numer of rnches on ornge tree in the concentrtions of 8 nd mg.kg of nitrogen equl to. nd.7 vlues otined Citrnge trees nd Sitromelo There were minor differences (Tle ). Most Numer of rnches Interction etween compost Nitrogen concentrtion of. to 8 mg.kg of compost per seedling Sitromelo nitrogen to.1 the numer nd the mximum numer of rnches per plnt Citrnge concentrtion of 7.% compost without nitrogen ws equl to. Most ornge trees rnch in concentrtion of 7.% compost nd 7 mg per kg of nitrogen equl to, respectively (Tle ). Explin how these results cn e inferred Nitrogen deficiency, the most widespred nutritionl disorder in citrus, which is seen in most soils, followed y shrply reduced shoot growth, especilly young rnches (). The results of the reserch (1) were found tht the mount of nitrogen fertilizer used to grow plnts cn lso significntly ffect the. 17

5 Intl J Frm & Alli Sci. Vol., (1): 17-17, 1 Tle. compring the simple verge of compost nd nitrogen fertilizer on the sis of morphologicl chrcteristics Ornge, Citrnge nd Sitromelo Ornge Numer Numer of lef Dimeter (mm the plnt Citrnge Numer of Numer of lef Dimeter (mm The plnt c 17. c Sitromelo Numer Numer lef Dimeter (mm) The Plnt.. c 8.7 c Type Flowered.% % 7.% mg.kg mg.kg 8 mg.kg Compost Nitrogen Tle. Comprison of the verge effect of compost nd nitrogen-sed morphologicl chrcteristics Ornge, Citrnge nd Sitrome Num Num lef Ornge Dimet er (mm) Heig ht The plnt Num Num lef Citrnge Dimet er (mm) Heigh t the plnt Num Num lef Sitromelo Dimet er (mm) Heigh t The plnt Type Flowered Nitroge n Firtilize r (mg.kg ) Compo st Fertilize r )%(

6 Intl J Frm & Alli Sci. Vol., (1): 17-17, 1 CONCLUSION The overll results of this study showed tht compred with two ornge trees nd splings Citrnge nd Sitromelo of plnt morphologicl trits showed less thn two seedlings ws weker. Citrnge nd Sitromelo tller thn trees, ut the tree crown dimeter ws Sitromelo thick. The leves nd rnches of the trees nd ornge, Sitromelo nd Citrnge hd the highest rtes of seedlings. And tree height nd dimeter ffect orgnic fertilizer (compost) nd different levels of nitrogen were, showed different responses. REFERENCES Anderson CM nd Benten HN. 1. Performnce of Ngmi kumqut on six rootstocks in Argentin. VII.Proceeding. Interntionl Society Citriculture. -. Asdi Kngrshhi A. 1/. Trend of used chemicl fertilizer nd its consequence in Mzndrn. In: proceedind of Irnin Soil Science Congress, Shhr e Kord, Irn. (In Persin). Asefi S, Fotouhi Ghzvini R nd Oghli Y.. Journl of Agriculturl Sciences. Fculty of Agriculture, University of Guiln. 1(): -1. Blogh APPAHM.. Interctions of crop yer, fertiliztion nd vriety in winter whet mngement. Cerel Reserch Communictions (1): 8-.. Dvri Nezhd GH, Hghniy GH nd Lgzin A.. Impct of niml mnure compost enriched whet yield. Agriculturl Sciences nd Technology Journl. 18(1) Dickerson GW. 1. Coopertive Extension service, college of Agriculture nd home Economics, New Mexico stte university <http : // edu / PUBS / H/H -1.HTML. Fvier JC, Ripert J, Toque C nd Feinerg M. 1. Repertoire generl des liments (p.7) (second Ed.) Pris: Irrdition. Ghzvini RF nd Fthi Moghdm C. 1. Eduction Citrus t Irn. Pulictions University Giln. Printing Third. pges. Jhngirzdeh A.. Evlute nd select the most suitle figure from the finl report sed on Thompson's novel Drgon Flyng. Citrus Reserch Institute of puliction. Jeel AK. 1. Recucling of orgnic Wste for prpduction of vermicomposting nd its Response in Rice Legume crooping system nd soil fertility. Europen Journl of Agronomy, 1:1-17. Jensen M.. Seed vigor testing for predicting field seedling emergence in Fgus sylvtic L. Denderoiology.7: 7. Must BEAW. 1. Nitrogen nutrition of continerized citrus nursery plnts. Journl Americn Soc Hortic Science. 11: 1-1. Molem H nd Eshghi Zdeh HR. 7. Appliction Fertilizers Biologicl: Benefits nd Constrints, Summry Articles Conference Ntionl Cnvs Science Irn Gorgn, Pge 7. Proert ME, Kimni SK nd Dimes JP.. Modelling nitrogen minerliztion from mnures: representing qulity spects y vrying C:N rtio of su-pools. Soil Biol. Biochem. 7: 7-87 Province Agriculture Orgniztion, Deprtment of Horticulture, Deprtment of Sttistics nd Informtion.7 Sleh Rstin N. 1. Fertilizers Biologicl And Role They At Line Indigo To Agriculture Stle. Set Articles need to produce Industril Fertilizers Biologicl t Country. Strk C, Condron LM, Stewrt A, Di HJ nd Ocllghn M. 7. Influence of orgnic nd minerl mendments on microil soil properties nd processes. Appl. soil Ecol., ; 7-. Syvertsen JHP Nitrogen content nd CO ssimiltion chrcteristic of citrus leve. Hortic Science. : 7-. Zekri M. 1. Slinity nd clcium effects on emergence, growth nd minerl composition of seedling of eight citrus rootstocks. Journl Hortic Science.8:-7 17