Evaluation of some sour cherry rootstocks at NARIC Fruitculture Research Institute

Transcription

1 Evlution of some sour cherry rootstocks t NARIC Fruitculture Reserch Institute Géz Bujdosó 1 Károly Hrotkó 2 1: Ntionl Agriculturl Reserch nd Innovtion Centre Fruitculture Reserch Institute 2: Corvinus University of Budpest, Deprtment of Floriculture nd Dendrology

2 7: ERTI 2: RIVE 3: ATHK NARIC s network 5: FSRI 6: AERI 11: FRI 1: ABC 7: IAE 2: RIVE 1: VCRD 4: HAKI 9: RDIWM 5: Food Science Reserch Institute (FSRI) 6: Agro-Environmentl Reserch Institute (AERI) 7: Forest Reserch Institute (ERTI) 8: Institute of Agriculturl Engineering (IAE) 9: Resech Deprtment of Irrigtion nd Wter Mngement (RDIWM) 1: Vegetle Crop Reserch Deprtment (VCRD) 11. Fruitculture Reserch Institute (FRI) 1: Agriculturl Biotechnology Intstitue (ABC) 2: Reserch Institute for Viticulture nd Enology (RIVE) 3: Reserch Institite for Animl Breeding, Nutrition nd Met Science (ATHK) 4: Reserch Institute for Fisheries nd Aquculture (HAKI)

3 The Hungrin fruit reserch The Fruit Reserch Institutes were founded in 195. Ownership of the Reserch Institute: Deprtment of Agriculture Hungrin Stte Holding Compny Deprtment of Agriculture

4 Breeding ctivites of the Hungrin fruit reserch workshops Reserch Sttion of Fertőd: rsperry, strwerry, currnt, nd eldererry reeding Reserch Sttion of Érd: sweet cherry, trt cherry, Persin wlnut reeding Reserch Sttion of Újfehértó: trt cherry, Europen plum, quince, pple reeding, Reserch sttion of Cegléd: pricot nd Europen plum reeding

5 Production quntity of importnt fruit species grown in Hungry Production quntity (T)

6 rtio of Mhle seedling rootstock is 7% in the Hungrin sweet cherry production nd 1% in the Hungrin trt cherry production Introduction the Mhle rootstocks fit well to the Hungrin climte conditions The sweet cherry reeding progrm hs een running since 195 t the Fruitculture Reserch Institute.

7 Wht do the Hungrin cherry growers need? To estlish n intensive orchrds mong Hungrin climte conditions: t lest medium vigorous rootstocks rootstocks with good lime nd drought tolernce positive effect on the yield nd fruit qulity good stility good comptiility to the scions no suckers

8 Sour (trt) cherry rootstocks Cersus vulgris L. Frnce INRA Reserch Sttion, Bordeux Tel Edriz Itly Denmrk Spin Frnce Germny University of Bologn, Bologn Dnish Agrr Institute, Arslev CSIC Aul Dei-i Reserch Sttion, Zrgos INRA Reserch Sttion, Bordeux Fruit Growing Reserch Institute, Technicl University of Munich (Weihenstephn) CAB rootstocks DAN rootstocks Reoldo, Stockton Morello, Msto del Montn Újfehértói fürtös (syn.: ungrische Truige, Blton) Weiroot rootstocks

9 A) rootstocks: Tril 1: Mteril nd Method Cersus vulgris L. rootstocks: Weiroot 13 Weiroot 53 Weiroot 72 Weiroot 154 Weiroot 158 Non-Cersus vulgris L. rootstocks: GiSelA 5 P-HL-A Cersus vium C Cersus mhle Cem (syn.: C. 5 ) - control

10 Tril 1: Mteril nd Method B) Scions 1. Sweet cherry cultivrs Germersdorfi 3, Lind, Ktlin 2. Trt cherry cultivr Pirmis Plnting time: spring 1997 Non-irrigted tril Cnopies were trined to spindle Distnces in the row nd etween the rows: 3 x 6 m, 6 x 6 m Pirmis

11 Fruit site conditions of the tril Ctegory Averge yerly temperture 1,7 C Averge yerly temperture in the vegettion periode Averge yerly sunny hours Averge yerly precipittion 16,6 C 1981 hours 515 mm Soil: K A =4, ph=8, totl lime content in the top 6 cm lyer 5%, humus content 2,3-2,5 %

12 Tril 1: Mteril nd method Oserved chrcteristics Yer of exmintion Trunk dimeter X X X X X Cumulted yield X X X X X Fruit dimeter X X X X X Clculted chrteristics: Trunk Cross Sectionl Are (TCSA) Cumulted Yield Efficiency Index (cumulted yield / trunk cross sectionl re of the previous yer)

13 Pirmis TCSA 1 (cm2) 5 Cersus mhle 'Cem' Cersus vium 'C. 2493' 'Weiroot 13' 'P-HL-A' 'Weiroot 158' 'Weiroot 154' 'Weiroot 53' 'GiSelA 5' TCSA (21-25) e d cd c

14 Lind Cumulted yield (21-25)

15 Pirmis Cumulted yield (21-25) Cumulted yield (kg/tree) Cersus mhle 'Cem' Cersus vium 'C. 2493' Weiroot 13 'P-HL-A' 'Weiroot 158' 'Weiroot 154' 'Weiroot 53' 'GiSelA 5' d c cc

16 Pirmis CYEI (21-25) 2,5 CYEI (kg/cm 2 ) 2 1,5 1,5 Cersus mhle 'Cem' Cersus vium 'C. 2493' 'Weiroot 13' 'P-HL-A' 'Weiroot 158' 'Weiroot 154' 'Weiroot 53' 'GiSelA 5'

17 Fruit size (21-25) Pirmis reltive frequency (%) 28,1-3, mm 26,1-28, mm 24,1-26, mm 22,1-24, mm 2,1-22 mm 1% 8% 6% 4% 2% %

18 Conclusions Vigor of Pirmis grfted on rootstocks tested in our tril cn e ctegorized the followings: vigorous rootstocks: Cem, Cerus vium C. 2493, moderte vigorous rootstocks: Weiroot 13, P-HL-A nd Weiroot 158, semi dwrf rootstocks Weiroot 154, Weiroot 53 nd GiSelA 5. The highest yield ws produced y Weiroot 13 / Pirmis comintion followed y Weiroot 158 / Pirmis. Weiroot 154 / Pirmis nd Weiroot 158 / Pirmis hd the est CYEI. The est fruit size ws produced y Pirmis grfted on Weiroot 158 nd GiSelA 5.

19 Tril 2: Mteril nd method Novel red Mhle rootstocks from CUB SM 11/4 Érdi V Egervár Bogdány Mgyr Korpony (propgted y seeds) Some more rootstocks involved in the tril: Cersus mhle Cemny control Cersus vium C INRA SL 64 GiSelA 6

20 Scions: Petrus Ver Crmen Tril 2: Mteril nd method Plnting time: spring 24 Non-irrigted tril Cnopies were trined to spindle Distnces in the row nd etween the rows: 2 x 4 m Ver grfted on Érdi V Crmen grfted on GiSelA 6

21 Fruit site conditions of the tril Ctegory Averge yerly temperture 1,7 C Averge yerly temperture in the vegettion periode Averge yerly sunny hours Averge yerly precipittion 16,6 C 1981 hours 515 mm Soil: K A =4, ph=8, totl lime content in the top 6 cm lyer 5%, humus content 2,3-2,5 %

22 Tril 2: Mteril nd method Collected dt etween 28 nd 214 Trunk dimeter mesured 2 cm ove the grft union Estimted yield Fruit size y fruit size ctegories Fruit colour Refrction Clculted chrteristics: Trunk Cross Sectionl Are (TCSA) Cumulted Yield Efficiency Index (cumulted yield / trunk cross sectionl re of the previous yer) Vlue Equivlent Yield Efficiency Index (No. of fruits y size frction x yield x frmer price of size frction in EUR/kg) Fruit size ctegories (mm) frmer prices (EUR) 2,1-21,9 22,-23,9 24,-25,9 26,-27,9 28,-3, 3,1,6,6,75 1,1 1,5 2 There ws no crop on the rootstock-scion comintions in 212 ecuse of lte spring frosts.

23 Vriety: Petrus TCSA (cm 2 ) e de de cde cde cde cd c TCSA (28 214) Vriety: Crmen TCSA (cm 2 ) c c c c Vriety: Ver TCSA (cm 2 )

24 Vriety: Ver Cumulted yield (kg/tree) Vriety: Crmen Cumulted yield Cumulted yield (28-214) Vriety: Petrus Cumulted yield (kg/tree)

25 Vriety: Petrus Cumulted Efficiency Index (kg/cm 2 ) Vriety: Crmen Cumulted Efficiency Index (kg/cm 2 ) 2 1,8 1,6 1,4 1,2 1,8,6,4,2 2 1,8 1,6 1,4 1,2 1, Vriety: Ver Cumulted Efficiency Index (kg/cm 2 ) 2 1,8 1,6 1,4 1,2 1,8,6,4,2 CYEI (28 214) ,6,4,2

26 GiSelA 6 Egervár Cersus vium 'C. 2493' Mgyr Korpony Érdi V. Cersus mhle 'Cemny' Bogdány SM 11/4 SL 64 % 2% 4% 6% 8% 1% 2, , , , ,1-3 3,1< % Petrus Fruit size (28 214) GiSelA 6 Cersus vium 'C. 2493' Korpony Egervár SM 11/4 Cersus mhle 'Cemny' Érdi V. SL 64 % 2% 4% 6% 8% 1% % Ver 2, , , , ,1-3 3,1< GiSelA 6 Korpony Egervár Cersus vium 'C. 2493' Érdi V Cersus mhle 'Cemny' SL 64 % 2% 4% 6% 8% 1% 2, , , , ,1-3 3,1< % Crmen

27 Fruit color (213)

28 Bx Petrus c Refrction ( ) Ver Bx Crmen Bx

29 Petrus EUR/tree Crmen EUR/tree VEYEI (28-214) Ver EUR/tree

30 Conclusions Vigor of scion vrieties grfted on rootstocks tested in our tril cn e ctegorized the followings: vigorous rootstocks: INRA SL 64, Cemny, Érdi V, SM 11/4 nd Bogdány, moderte vigorous rootstocks: Korpony seedling, Mgyr nd Egervár, semi dwrf rootstock GiSelA 6. The highest yield ws produced y Petrus Crmen nd Ver produced the est fruit size Since Ver produced higher yield thn Crmen, Ver reched the est Vlue Equivlent Yield Efficiency. The lrger fruit size of Crmen couldn t compenste the difference in yield.

31 Thnk you for your ttention! This reserch ws supported y NARIC FRI GD8 project prtly. Crmen grfted on GiSelA 6 Ver grfted on Érdi V Petrus grfted on Mgyr