The Assessment of Different Rootstocks to the Pear Tree Cultivar Carrick

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1 The Assessment of Different s to the Per Tree Cultivr Crrick C.L. Gicobbo Universidde Estdul do Rio Grnde do Sul UERGS - Pólo de Vcri Rio Grnde do Sul Brzil A. Gzoll Neto, D. Pzzin, P. Frncesctto nd J.C. Fchinello Universidde Federl de Pelots FAEM-UFPel, Rio Grnde do Sul Brzil Keywords: Pomce, Cydoni oblong, Pyrus spp., slender spindles, plnt development Abstrct Low fruiting is the min problem relted to the per production in Brzil, which mkes the country one of the mjor per importers. This reserch imed to evlute different rootstocks to per tree cultivr Crrick to be used in commercil orchrds. The experiment ws crried out in Pelots/RS, locted t ltitude 31 2 S, longitude W Greenwich nd ltitude of m. The orchrd ws set up in 22 with density of 2 trees.h -1. The trees were conducted in slender spindler system trined on three-wire support with dripping irrigtion system. The tretments ssessed were 13 quince rootstocks (Cydoni oblong) cultivrs Adms, Alrnjdo,,, Chmpion,, D Vrnj,, Int 267, Lgedo,, nd Portugl nd one Pyrus clleryn. The experimentl design utilized ws complete rndomized block with 3 replictions of trees ech. The vribles ssessed were rootstock/scion trunk dimeter, tree height, cnopy volume, pruning weight, productivity nd productivity efficiency. D Vrnj rootstock provided the highest vigor to the tree, wheres the rootstock cultivrs, Lgedo nd the lesser vigor, however not differing from most of the rootstocks in the study. The highest productivity ws verified by using the rootstock Portugl (1.12 t.h -1 ), followed by tht did not differ from D Vrnj nd. D Vrnj showed the highest vigor nd lso hd the highest productivity efficiency (9.3), but did not differ from. Although D Vrnj provided more vigor to the tree, it is still good rootstock lterntive to the per cultivr Crrick. INTRODUCTION According to the FAO (27), the world fruit crop confirmed in 2 production round 7 million tons. Included in this, the Europen per culture is pointed out s the ninth production country with 3.9% of the totl. Itly, considered s the mjor producing country of the fruit, prticiptes with 4.7% of the totl, wheres Brzil hs little expressive production t bout.11%. As regrds demnd for per fruits in Brzil, the culture shows lrge expnsion potentil. However, there re some constrints cused by the inexistence of cultivrs dpted to different regions s the lck of reserch nd indetermintion of dpted rootstocks. Trditionlly, the per trees grown in the min world producing centers re grfted on quince rootstocks (Cydoni oblong Mill.) or Pyrus communis nd occsionlly on Pyrus clleryn or Pyrus betulefoli (Strydom, 1998). Nevertheless, in Brzil, it is only since 22 tht the use of quince tree s rootstock gined focus nd ws reserched. For Mrngoni (1999) the modern per culture is trending in the use of high density plnting to reduce lbor costs. Therefore, some concerns t the moment of rootstock purchse must be pid ttention to. According to Strydom (1998), good rootstock must show s min chrcteristics comptibility to the commercil cultivrs, esy propgtion, tree vigor control, induce lrge fruits nd dptbility to different climte nd soil conditions. The indiscriminte use of quince rootstock, s sid by Loreti (1994), hs llowed Proc. 8 th IS on Temperte Zone Fruits in the Tropics nd Subtropics Eds.: F.G. Herter et l. Act Hort. 872, ISHS 21 33

2 the diffusion of the per culture to res showing low ptitude to the culture development. Conversely, its use exhibited ccentuted ffinity problems to some per cultivrs. As cited by Gicobbo et l. (27), this problem could be eliminted by intergrfting cultivrs comptible with both prts (scion/stock) for instnce Crrick nd Selet tht show good comptibility with quince rootstocks. Therefore, the objective of this reserch ws to evlute different rootstocks to the per cultivr Crrick tht could be used in commercil orchrds. MATERIALS AND METHODS The reserch ws crried out t the experimentl field of Plm Agriculturl Center nd t the lbortory of Federl University of Pelots (FAEM/UFPEL), Cpão do Leão, RS, Brzil. It is locted t ltitude 31º2 S, longitude 2º21 24 W Greenwich nd ltitude of m during July 2 nd July 26. The soil belongs to the Cmquã mpping unity nd it is clssed s Red-Yellow Podozolic (Brsil, 1973). The experiment ws conducted using per tree cultivr Crrick grfted on 14 rootstocks, 13 quinces (Cydoni oblong) cultivrs Adms, Alrnjdo,,, Chmpion,, D Vrnj,, Int 267, Lgedo,, nd Portugl, nd Pyrus clleryn. In August 22, the per trees were plnted t 1 m (2 trees/h) nd conducted in slender spindles system trined on three-wire support. A dripping irrigtion system ws set for four hours dy (2 L/h/tree). The experimentl design utilized ws complete rndomized block with three replictions of four trees ech. The vribles evluted were: ) development of trunk dimeter - digitl pquimeter ws used t 1 cm bove nd below the grfting point nd the difference between scion nd rootstocks ws tken; b) tree height - mesured from the ground to the top of the tree (cm); c) cnopy volume - by multipliction of height, width nd cnopy thickness (m 3 ); d) prunning weight - ssessed by weighing the brnches pruned during winter nd summer time (g); e) yield - weighing ll fruits hrvested (ton/h); f) yield efficiency - obtined by the reltion between totl yield nd trunk dimeter (kg/cm of T.D). The dt were submitted to nlyses of vrince F-test nd the comprison of mens between tretments ws pplied when the comprtive dt were sttisticlly significnt. The mens differences were seprted with Duncn test t % level of significnce. The sttisticl nlyses were performed by using the WinStt progrm (Mchdo nd Conceição, 22). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Regrding trunk dimeter (Figs. 1 nd 2) the rootstock D Vrnj tht showed the lrgest dimeter (36.38 mm) lso incresed the dimeter of Crrick (32.76 mm), but it did not differ from Int 267 s shown in Figure 1. Similr results with the sme rootstock were verified to the vribles pruning weight (Fig. ) nd yield efficiency (Fig. 7), showing g nd 9.3 kg/cm of trunk dimeter, respectively. The smllest trunk dimeters of the rootstocks were verified for cultivrs Bereczki, Alrnjdo, nd Adm s, which did not differ from Lgedo, Chmpion, nd. However, looking t the dimeter of the scion Crrrick, the smllest dimeter ws provided when grfted on Bereczki, Alrnjdo,, Adm s, Lgedo, nd Chmpion (Fig. 1). These results re ked up by Mrngoni nd Mlguti (22) nd Gicobbo (26), who, studying some per rootstocks for Itlin conditions, found tht the rootstocks tht showed lrge trunk cross-sectionl re lso provided more vigor to the grfted tree nd, consequently, lrge weight gins of pruned brnches. Observing Figure 3, tht lso hd low trunk dimeter, provided lower trees (4.27 cm), but not differing to Lgedo, Alrnjdo nd. The trees rised on Int 267 were higher (18.7 cm) but they were not sttisticlly different from 34

3 D Vrnj. Similr results were verified to cnopy volume, where the more developed trees were expressed on rootstocks Pyrus clleryn nd Int 267, not being different from D Vrnj (Fig. 4). Under the conditions of this experiment, the results indicted new promising rootstocks for orchrds under medium/high density plnting, nd quince considered s hving intermedited behvior. Colombo (23), by studying different rootstocks for per tree, found the only truly dwrfing rootstock designted for medium/high density plntings. In order, the best results referred to yield ws found when Crrick ws grfted on Portugl (1.12 ton/h), nd then on which did not differ from D Vrnj nd. The other rootstock did not produce until the fourth yer from plnting. However, nlyzing the yield efficiency the rootstock showing lrge production did not necessrily show the best yield efficiency. For instnce D Vrnj ws the rootstock tht showed the highest yield efficiency (9.3 kg/cm of T.D.) followed by. The other combintions rootstocks/scion did not differ from (Figs. 6 nd 7). The rootstocks tht provided more vigor to the trees did not perform in the sme wy with regrds to yield, showing n intermedite behvior. Gicobbo et l. (27b) found different results when studying some rootstocks to the per cultivr Selet. They observed tht the rootstocks tht incresed vigor lso improved yield to the scion. As regrds to yield efficiency the encountered dt gree with Snsvini et l. (1997), Loreti et l. (2) nd Gicobbo (26) who nlyzing different rootstocks verified tht the high yield efficiency is not lwys directly relted to high production, once the rootstocks tht incresed production did not improve yield efficiency. CONCLUSIONS Under the conditions of this experiment, it ws concluded tht the rootstocks showing lrge trunk dimeter provided both lrge weight gins of pruned brnches nd yield efficiency. Also, the per tree cultivr Crrick ws smller when grfted on quince Dulot. Compring Dulot to quince which is considered dwrfing rootstock, the height reduction ws bout 44.62%, nd compred to Int 267, the highest tree combintion, the decrese ws 6.67%. Literture Cited Brsil Ministério d Agricultur. Deprtmento Ncionl de Pesquis Agropecuári/Divisão de Pesquis Pedológic. Levntmento de Reconhecimento dos Solos do Estdo do Rio Grnde do Sul. Recife, 431p. Colombo, R. 23. Cotogno, Frnco o utordicto. In: Pero, l técnic che f il gusto. il divulgtore: Agricoltur, limentzione e mbiente. Bologn, Aprile, p Fostt. FAO: Dirección de Estdístic DesktopDefult.spx?PgeID=336&lng=es>. Acesso em 28 go, 27. Gicobbo, C.L. 26. Port-enxertos pr cultur d pereir tipo européi. Pelots, f. Tese (Doutordo). Fruticultur de Clim Temperdo. Fculdde de Agronomi Eliseu Mciel. Universidde Federl de Pelots. Pelots. Gicobbo, C.L., Fchinello, J.C. nd Picolotto, L. 27. Comptibilidde entre o mrmeleiro port-enxerto cv. e cultivres de pereir. Revist Scienti Agrri 8(1): Gicobbo, C.L., Fchinello, J.C., Pzzin, D. nd Gzoll, A.N. 28. The growth chrcteristics of per trees of the cultivr Pckhm s Triumph on different rootstocks in the Pelots region, RS, Brzil. Act Hort. 8: Loreti, F Attuli conoscenze sui principli portinnesti degli lberi d frutto Il pero. Rivist di Frutticoltur Specile Portinnesti. Bologn: Itli 9: Loreti, F., Mssi, R., Fei, C. nd Cinelli, F. 22. Performnce of Conference cultivr on severl quince nd per rootstocks: preliminry results. Act Hort. 96(1): Mchdo, A. nd Conceição, A.R. 22. Progrm esttístico WinStt - Sistem de Análise Esttístico pr Windows, versão 2.. Pelots, RS. 3

4 Mrngoni, B. nd Mlguti, D.I. 22. portinnesti Del pero. L Informtori Agrrio - Suplemento n.1, l 27 dicembre 22. Veron, p Mrngoni, B. nd Mzznti, F.I portinnesti del pero. In: I portinesti dei fruttiferi. L Informtore Agrrio, Veron. Suplemento n.6, l numero Del 29, Gennio-4, Febrio. Snsvini, S., Cstgnoli, M. nd Muscchi, S Nuovi portinnesti dei peri Willim e Abte Fétel : confronto fr selezioni di cotogno e frnchi clonli. Rivist di Frutticoltur. Bologn: Edgricole LIX(3):31-4. Strydom, D.K Portinjertos pr perles. In: Curso interncionl de fruticultur de clim templdo-frio, 1998, Mendonz. Anis. Mendonz/Argentin: INTA (Instituto Ncionl de Tecnologi Agropecuri Centro Regionl Cuyo), cp. 7, p.1-7. Figures R.T.D. (mm) D'Vrnj Int 267 b cd cde cdef defg defg efg P. clleryn Portugl fg g g g g Chmpion Lgedo Adms Alrnjdo Fig. 1. trunk dimeter Crrick grfted on 14 different rootstocks. Pelots, 27. R.T.D. = rootstock trunk dimeter. *Different letters on the columns re significntly different by Duncn test (α =.). S.T.D. (mm) b Portugl D'Vrnj Int 267 c Chmpion Lgedo Adms P. clleryn d d d d d d d Alrnjdo Fig. 2. Scion trunk dimeter Crrick grfted on 14 different rootstocks. Pelots, 27. S.T.D. = Scion trunk dimeter. *Different letters on the columns re significntly different by Duncn test (α =.). 36

5 Tree height (cm) Int 267 D'Vrnj b c Pyrus cl. Portugl d d d de def def efg Adms Chmpion Berreckzi Alrnjdo fg fg g Lgedo Fig. 3. Tree height of Crrick grfted on 14 different rootstocks. Pelots, 27. *Different letters on the columns re significntly different by Duncntest (α =.). Cnopy volume (m 3 ),16,14,12,1,8,6,4,2, D'Vrnj Portugl P. clleryn Int 267 b c c c c c c c Lgedo Chmpion Alrnjdo c c c Adms Fig. 4. Cnopy volume of Crrick grfted on 14 different rootstocks. Pelots, 27. *Different letters on the columns re significntly different by Duncn test (α =.). 37

6 Prunning weight (g)) D'Vrnj b d d dd Portugl Adms P. clleryn Int 267 d d d cd Alrnjdo Lgedo Chmpion d d d Fig.. Prunning weight of Crrick grfted on 14 different rootstocks. Pelots, 27. *Different letters on the columns re significntly different by Duncn test (α =.). Productivity (t.h -1 ) 1,2 1,,8,6,4,2, Portugl b D'Vrnj Lgedo Int 267 Alrnjdo Adms Chmpion c c c c c c c c c c P. clleryn Fig. 6. Yield of Crrick grfted on 14 different rootstocks. Pelots, 27. *Different letters on the columns re significntly different by Duncn test (α =.). Productivity efficiency (kg.cm -1 de T.D.) b b Portugl Lgedo D'Vrnj Alrnjdo Adms Chmpion b b b b b b b b b b b P. clleryn Int 267 Fig. 7. Yield efficiency of Crrick, grfted on 14 different rootstocks. Pelots, 27. *Different letters on the columns re significntly different by Duncn test (α =.). 38