Growth response of olive cultivars to air layering

Transcription

1 Pure Appl. Biol., 6(4): , Decemer, Reserch Article Growth response of olive cultivrs to ir lyering Fiz Afzl 1, Muhmmd Adnn 1*, Inyt Ur Rhmn 1, Muhmmd Noor 1, Ahsn Khn 2, Sdi Iql 3, Jwd Ali Shh 1, Mushtq Ahmd Khn 1, Muhmmd Romn 4, Fzl Whid 1, Shh Nwz 5, Rinz Perveez 6 nd Fzli Suhn 1 1. Deprtment of Agriculture, University of Swi-Pkistn 2. Deprtment of Zoology, University of Swi-Pkistn 3. Deprtment of Agriculture chemistry, the University of Agriculture Peshwr-Pkistn 4. Deprtment of Botny, University of Chitrl, KPK-Pkistn 5. Deprtment of Soil nd Environmentl Sciences, the University of Agriculture, Peshwr-Pkistn 6. Deprtment of Botny, Government Girls Degree Collge, Drgi-Pkistn *Corresponding uthor s emil: mdnnses@gmil.com Cittion Fiz Afzl, Muhmmd Adnn, Inyt Ur Rhmn, Muhmmd Noor, Ahsn Khn, Jwd Ali Shh, Mushtq Ahmd Khn, Muhmmd Romn, Fzl Whid, Shh Nwz nd Rinz Perveez. Growth response of olive cultivrs to ir lyering. Pure nd Applied Biology. Vol. 6, Issue 4, pp Received: 21/8/217 Revised: 7/11/217 Accepted: 2/11/217 Online First: 24/11/217 Astrct The olive (Ole europe sliv L.) hs een little studied for its genetic improvement due to slow rte of seed germintion, long juvenile phse nd pre viling self-incomptiility. Tht s why this study ws conducted to ssess the Response of different olive vrieties to ir lyering during July, 216 t Olive Reserch Frm Snghtti, Agriculturl Reserch Institute (ARI) Trn, Peshwr, Pkistn. Air-lyering ws done in July on five olive cultivrs (pendlino, cornic, chetoui, leccino nd locl vriety) using rendomized complete lock (RCB) design hving three replictions. Our findings reveled significntly different results for dys to rooting, numer of roots plnt, root length, root dimeter nd root weight in response to ir lyering. Olive cultivr pendlino took mximum dys to cllus formtion nd rooting nd produced longer nd denser roots, while with respect to root dimeter nd weight chetoui ws oserved est cultivr. Locl verities took minimum dys to root nd cllus ppernce nd estlished erlier compred to others. On the sis of the foresid results vriety chetoui performed est in terms of rooting. Thus it is recommended tht in re with sufficient wter vilility locl cultivr should e grown while cultivr chetui should e grown in re with scres wter vilility ecuse of its good rooting system nd produce reltively good yield thn others cultivrs. Keywords: Air lyering; Cllus formtion; Olive; Root length; Root dimeter Introduction Olive (Oleeurope L) is from fmily Olecee nd cultivted for edile oil nd fruits. Olives hve not een conventionlly grown in Pkistn for the edile oil production, except few res including plin nd hilly [1]. It is initited in the estern Mediterrnen region nd its prctices strted in Spin, Itly nd N- Afric lter thn in the estern Mediterrnen re [2]. Olive profitle production is found etween 3 o - 45 o north nd south of equtor round the world [3]. Pkistn hve the sme gro climtic Pulished y Boln Society for Pure nd Applied Biology 143

2 Afzl et l. condition nd soil fctors for olive production, due to which hve the ility for the tropicl, sutropicl nd temperte fruit trees cn e grown. Olive cn e grown successfully in su-tropicl mountinous region of Khyer Pkhtunkhw, Bluchistn nd northern re of Pkistn [4]. Olive is propgted y sexul (vegettive) s well s sexul (seed) methods. Propgtion of olive through sexul men is not generlly recommended, for the reson tht seedlings re not true to type nd it will tke much more time to er fruits [5]. Asexul or Vegettive propgtion methods cn possily e the most usully used commercil method of propgtion in olive. Asexul propgtion methods consists of cutting, udding, grfting nd ir-lyering [6], ut mostly propgtion is done through ir-lyering ecuse it tkes comprtively less time. Air lyering is usully done in the months from June- August. Brnches from well-developed trees, free from pests nd diseses re selected for ir-lyering. A rnch of 5-1mm in dimeter is selected nd rk of ½-1 inch is removed, covered with grden soil nd ny other rooting medium nd then wrp with polythene film. When good ll of roots hs formed, the rnch is then cut off elow the wrpped soil fter which is generlly plced in lrger tue or pot to ecome more firmly estlished efore eing set out permnently [5]. [7] Air lyered one yer old shoots on severl dtes etween July-Novemer nd oserved rooting percentge nd estlishment (in three cultivrs), survivl fter trnsplnting (in two cultivrs). In ir-lyering shoot is not uried in soil, first smll cut is given to shoot nd then sphgnum moss is wrpped through polythene round the cutting portion. Since cutter portion is exposed not uried in soil, you my see root development, when roots develop detch shoot from prent plnt nd plnt it [8]. The olive is mjor griculturl significnce of Mediterrnen re s the source of olive oil nd it is one of the three core constituents in Mediterrnen cuisine. Olive is rich source of vitmin E nd contins lrge mount of sodium. Olive contins 75% wter 4% crohydrtes nd 1% protein [9]. Blck olives re good source of iron which is importnt for the trnsport of oxygen in red lood cell [1]. It lso contin copper which is essentil minerl is often lcking in the typicl western diet. Numerous vrieties hve een tried in the stte with cold hrdiness eing the key selection fctor. Not ll vrieties perform the sme t ll loctions. It my e tht one vriety does well for your neighour, ut just cross the street t your frm it does horrily. Differentil vrietl performnce hs een noted mong djcent or-chrds. Therefore this study ws initited to find out the response of different olive vrieties to ir lyering t the gro climtic conditions of Peshwr region. Mterils nd methods An experiment ws executed t Olive Reserch Frm Sng Bhtti, to study the response of different olive vrieties to ir lyering. Five different vrieties Pendilino, Leccino, Kronik, Chetuei nd control (locl verity) were evluted in field experiment using rndomized complete lock (RCB) design with three repliction. Sixteen ir-lyers techniques were prcticed in ech verity of olive plnt keeping 8 (16 x 5) plnts per repliction. In order to initite rooting in olive cultivr chetuei, rnches circulr strip of rk hving 3 cm size ws completely removed just elow the uds from one yer old shoots. The rnches used for ir-lyering hd 1.5 m length nd pencil size thickness. Seven yers old plnts hve een selected for the experiment. A hevy mss of prepred medi ws tightly wrpped round lyered rnches redily fter the removl of rk to reduce moisture evportion from the opened portion. The medi were covered with polyethylene sheets to mke sure tht the medi remin intct. After the ir-lyering ll the plnts were frequently 144

3 Dys to cllus Pure Appl. Biol., 6(4): , Decemer, irrigted. Dt were collected fter 2 dys. The rnches which hve effective development of roots in medi were cut off crefully elow the lyered potion from prent plnts nd dt were recorded for different prmeters. All other culturl prmeters were kept uniform for ll the tretments during this wy of experiment. Dt collection Totl numer of dys to cllus development ws counted from the dte of ir-lyering to the development of cllus. Totl numer of dys to root ppernce ws clculted from the dte of lyering to the ppernce of roots. To record the numer of roots per ir-lyered shoot plnt were cut nd the medi ttched with roots ws wshed wy with wter nd ws removed completely. Susequent to clening, the length of roots ws mesured in centimeters with the help of mesuring tpe from the point of emergence to the pex of most noteworthy root. The dimeter of roots ws mesured with the help of vernier cliper in millimeter susequent to clening the roots from medi with wter. Weight of the roots per ir-lyered shoot ws mesured in grms y digitl lnce fter proper wshing nd processing. Sttisticl nlysis The noted dt ws nlysed sttisticlly y using sttisticl softwre GenStte 8.1 [11]. Upon lest significnce difference (LSD) test hve een used for mens comprisons to find out the significnt components of the tretment mens [12]. Results nd discussion Dys to cllus formtion Cllus is mss of immture plnt cells which cn differentite into mture tissues, depending upon the reltive concentrtions of plnt growth hormones present. Cllus cn develop form explnts in lortory tissue culture experiments ut lso occurs nturlly t the end of cut or wounded surfces of shoots nd roots. Cllus development ws ffectively influenced y the growth medi in different olive cultivr s presented in figure 1. With respect to the vriety vritions, we found tht the cllus induction frequencies re comprtively much higher in vriety Pndilno nd cornic which took sttisticlly similr time for cllus formtion while the remining cultivr took reltively less time Pendlino Kornic Chetoui Leccino Locl vriety Olive cultivrs Figure 1. Dys to cllus of different vriety of olive. Men with different letters re significntly different (5% level of significnce), CV= 7.39 nd LSD=3.3 These results re in line to the [8], who stted tht cultivr my ehve different with respect to regenertion due to their genetic nd physiologicl chrcteristics. Dys to rooting Dys to rooting were significntly influenced y vrious types of olive vrieties s presented in figure 2. The 145

4 Numer of root per Dys to Rooting Afzl et l. highest dys to rooting were recorded in cultivr (Pndilino) which ws 62 dys, while the lowest were recorded for locl verity. Chetoui took such time to rooting which ws sttisticlly similr to cultivr Leccino nd Cornic. It shows tht the est result of dys to emergence were recorder in locl vriety. This vrition in the sprouting is due to the fct tht cultivr sprouted erlier depending upon length of cuttings nd nture s reported y [13] who lso recorded different results in cultivted nd wild olive cuttings c cd d Pendlino Cornic Chetoui Leccino Locl vriety Olive cultivr Figure 2. Dys to rooting for different vrieties of olive. Men with different letters re significntly different (5% level of significnce), CV= 4.5 nd LSD= 4.32 Numer of roots plnt -1 The numer of roots per plnt ws significntly ffected in response to different olive cultivr s presented in figure 3. Upon nlysis est result ws otined in pendlino cultivr which ws like to cornic nd higher thn chetouie, while the lowest numer of roots per plnt ws recorded in locl vriety (3.66 roots per plnt) which ws similr to leccino. These results similr to [8] who recorded up to 8.3 roots plnt- 1. Differences in verities with respect to rooting ility re ecuse of the djustment of this cultivr to our gro-tmospheric conditions c c c 2 Pendlino Cornic Chetoui Leccino Locl vriety Olive cultivrs Figure 3. Numer of roots per plnt for different vrieties of olive. Men with different letters re significntly different (5% level of significnce), CV= nd LSD=

5 Root dimeter Root length Pure Appl. Biol., 6(4): , Decemer, Root length (cm) Root length ws sttisticlly influenced y different types of growing vrieties (Figure 4). Anlysis of vrince showed longer roots for pendlino which ws sttisticlly equl to cornnic nd chetoui while the lowest root length ws recorded in locl control which ws 2.1mm. Root length grows down nd is very effective in engrossing moisture nd nutrient for plnt growth nd development. The results re not in line with [8] who found mximum root length 7.1 in verity djustle to the growing conditions. Thus it my e found tht root length of cultivr my vry depending upon their resistnce to moisture stress nd doptility to the gro-climtic conditions Pendlinoo Cornnic Chetoui Leccino Locl vriety Olive cultivr Figure 4. Root length nd different vrieties of olive. Men with different letters re significntly different (5% level of significnce),cv= nd LSD=.87 Root dimeter (mm) The results regrding root dimeter in response to different cultivr is presented in figure 5. Significnt chnges were oserved in different olive cultivr for root dimeter.. Thickest root (1.39 mm) ws recorded in tretment Chetoui while the thinner root ws oserved in tretment Pendlino which is (1.15mm). These results show tht for the good root development the est vriety is Chetoui. The nrrow root dimeter find my e possily due to high rinfll nd low temperture ecuse of hrsh nd cool wether which ffect the root dimeter [13] d cd c Pendlino Cornic Chetioui Leccino Locl vriety Olive cultivr Figure 5. Root dimeter (mm) of different vrieties of olive. Men with different letters re significntly different (5% level of significnce) CV= 4.18 nd LSD=.1 147

6 Root weight Afzl et l. Root weight (g) The dt for the root weight hs shown in figure 6. ANOVA showed high significnt differences in root weight for different olive cultivr. The hever roots (.67g) were recorded in chetoui which were sttisticlly identicl to leccino nd locl cultivr while the lighter roots were found for pendlino (.27g). It shows tht the locl vriety performed etter thn pendlino nd cornic which support the findings of [14] s it hve more root length nd dimeter which ultimtely leds to hever roots c c c pendlino cornic chetoui leccino locl vrriety Olive cultivrs Figure 6. Root weight nd different vrieties of olive. Men with different letters re significntly different (5% level of significnce), CV= nd LSD=.32 Conclusions nd recommendtions It is concluded from the experiment tht different olive cultivrs responded significntly to ir lyering. Pendlino took mximum dys to cllus formtion nd rooting nd produced longer nd denser roots, while chetoui ws oserved est cultivr with respect to root dimeter nd weight. Locl verities estlished erlier compred to others ut hd wek rooting system. Thus it is recommended tht in re with sufficient wter vilility locl cultivr should e grown while cultivr Chetui could e grown in re with scres wter vilility. Authors contriutions Conceived nd designed the experiments: F Afzl, M Adnn & IU Rehmn, Performed the experiments:, M Noor, A Khn, JA Shh & MA Khn, Anlyzed the dt:, M Romn & F Whid, Contriuted mterils/ nlysis/ tools:, S Nwz, R Perveez & F Suhn, Wrote the pper: F Afzl, M Adnn & IU Rehmn. References 1. Wilson P (192). Mnul of tropicl nd sutropicl fruits. McMilln pulishing Co., Inc. New York pp Seyhn O & Gezerel O (25). The Effects of the different doses of IBA (Indol utyric cid) on the rooting performnces in the reproduction of Gemlik nd Domt olive trees y using the green twig procedure in the ecology of cukurov region. Centrl Europen J Agric 6(4): Awn AA, Ullh E, As SJ, Khn O & Msroor S (212). Growth response of vrious olive cultivrs to different cutting lengths. Pk J Agri Sci 49(3): Wilson P (192). Mnul of tropicl nd sutropicl fruits.mcmilln pulishing Co., Inc. New York. 5. Knwr JS & Khlon GS (1986). Propgtion studies in litchi. J Res Punj Agric Univ 23(1):

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