Bailey Nurseries. Grower Guide

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2 paint color Bailey Nurseries Grower Guide Growing is all about knowing. Sometimes that knowledge comes from successes, sometimes it comes from failure. That is the beauty of growing, expecting a result that perhaps you didn t plan for. In the end, it s all a part of learning and getting better. That doesn t mean it comes without a cost. In today s market where production techniques are constantly ebbing and flowing due to technology advancements, legislative rulings, the use of neonics and more mean that trialing and testing processes needs to be done BEFORE it hits your production. We have been doing this a long time. Growing, improving, tweaking, failing, and succeeding are all elements that make us who we are: a grower that cares about what s delivered to their customer and putting you in the best situation possible to succeed. Even though the 2018 Grower Guide doesn t include everything within our production, it offers more information about some of the key categories you produce so you have a starter recipe for success. We plan to considerably expand the roots of the information found in this guide. If you are looking for more detailed, robust information on most of the plants offered in Endless Summer, First Editions, and Easy Elegance, please visit BaileyNurseries.com for regional information appropriate for your growing location.

3 It all starts with a good liner JumpStarts At Bailey Nurseries, we are committed to giving you the best liner options for success. For years, we built our business and reputation for quality on bareroot tree and shrub liners. This is still true today. A quality bareroot liner means everything, and as a fellow field and container grower we get it. Having greenhouse operations in Minnesota and Oregon also allows for potted liner production, giving you a production quick-turn quality that can get to market rapidly, which is increasingly important in today s market when demand can spike over night. JumpStarts represents the next generation in growing, giving you the choice in how to best fit your operation s production timeline. Bareroot With locations in Minnesota and Oregon, we have the unique opportunity to make sure you get the best plant money can buy. You know as well as anyone that flexibility means everything. We can move plants around within our production scheduling to get them in the best environment possible so that all that is left for you to worry about is how much profit to plan for! Rounding out a planting schedule makes it nearly impossible to rely on one liner option. Turning inventory is as critical in our industry as it is for the grocer down the street. Use JumpStarts to extend your planting capabilities beyond planting everything in the spring season. Extend your planting window, therefore spreading out the input and labor cost, means you can produce and rotate your crops so they are ready when your customers need them. GET OFF TO THE RIGHT START. Using a JumpStarts potted liner lets you control the growth early on rather than having to deal with the woody structure some bareroot varieties such as Syringa and Euonymus can have later on. Did you know? We are the largest customer of Bailey production liners, and we are by far the most critical. From young plants in propagation to bareroot liners coming from the field, we use the source material from all of our programs for our finished product sales. What this means for you is that we can bring the best quality to market because it started from the best. 4 Bailey Nurseries Grower Guide

4 Production Timing* When determining what liner to start out with in our production, one of the first things we ask ourselves is When does the product need to be ready for sale?. From there, we walk the process back and determine the best liner to start out with. In many instances we find ourselves utilizing the best of both worlds between bareroot and JumpStarts depending on the amount of production time we may have or the ultimate finished product size desired. CONTAINER PRODUCTION TIMING The following examples are meant to illustrate the differences in production timing one could expect for the various liner options we offer. The production times listed are intended as ranges based on production practices followed in the Midwest, knowing that variances for region, climate, etc. may lessen or increase based on your location. First Editions Amber Jubilee Ninebark 1yr 12 Bareroot liner May 1 Day 1 May 19 Day 19 June 5 Day 36 June 26 Day 57 August 15 Day 107 *Estimated finishing times depend on variety, region, and planting time. See individual variety culture sheets for more information **Follow all current manufacturer directions. 6 Bailey Nurseries Grower Guide

5 PRODUCTION TIPS Fertilization Requirements: Incorporate at time of planting. Production Tips Berberis (Barberry) Overwintering Practices: For cooler regions, maintain plants in one of two ways. The first is consolidated in a covered structure that can maintain a minimum temp of 10 F. If kept outside, consolidate, tip plants, and cover with alternating layers of poly and a material like Sudangrass, maintaining a temperature between F. Light Levels: Full sun Water Requirements: Maintain consistent moisture levels, avoiding drought stress or over watering. Planting Seasons: Early spring through fall Pest/Disease Management: Pseudomonas and aphids can cause issues, as well as leaf spot. Leaf spot can be treated with copper sprays such as Camelot O, Phyton, or Junction, or fungicides such as Cease First Editions Cabernet Barberry and Triathalon BA. Aphids can be treated with Decathalon, Aria, Endeavor, or Mainspring. Flowers on new or old wood: Old wood Cornus (Dogwood) Fertilization Requirements: Incorporate fertilizer at time of planting, topdressing in the second season. Overwintering Practices: For cooler regions maintain plants in one of two ways. The first is consolidated in a covered structure that can maintain a minimum temp of 10 F. If kept outside, consolidate, tip plants, and cover with alternating layers of poly and a material like Sudangrass, maintaining a temperature between F. Covering is not required if temperatures remain between F in warmer regions. Light Levels: Full sun Water Requirements: Maintain consistent moisture levels, avoiding drought stress or over watering. Planting Seasons: Spring through fall: bareroot planted early, while plugs and quarts in the summer. Field dug in the fall. Pest/Disease Management: Fungal leaf spots can occur; treat with general fungicides if humid conditions persist. Flowers on new or old wood: Old and new wood Finishing Times Special Notes: Trim twice per year to produce a full plant shape. Finishing Times 8 Bailey Nurseries Grower Guide

6 PRODUCTION TIPS Fertilization Requirements: Medium to high rates of complete, Production Tips Distylium controlled release fertilizer incorporated at time of planting. Avoid over fertilizing in the fall to avoid bark splitting. Overwintering Practices: Overwinter plants in a cold frame, keeping temperatures greater than 10 F. Light Levels: Full sun to partial shade Water Requirements: Maintain consistent moisture levels, avoiding over watering. Planting Seasons: Spring through fall Pest/Disease Management: Broad mites have been observed First Editions Cinnamon Girl Distylium First Editions Coppertone Distylium Flowers on new or old wood: Old wood Special Notes: For fuller #3 containers and larger sizes, use multiple liners for faster production. Note that plants tend to root straight down the pot first and then come back up, transplanting easily into the landscape. Light pruning at time of potting is recommended, as well as throughout the growing season until August 15th to avoid bark splitting. Shear off any brown tips or dieback in the spring. In cooler regions use frames with clear poly for increased heat to promote strong growth. First Editions Coppertone Distylium Finishing Times First Editions Linebacker Distylium First Editions Vintage Jade Distylium 10 Bailey Nurseries Grower Guide

7 Production Tips Hydrangea macrophylla Fertilization Requirements: Incorporate fertilizer at time of planting, top dressing in the second season. To modify the bloom colors towards blue on the color spectrum, use aluminum sulfate. Overwintering Practices: Maintain plants in one of two ways if temperatures will drop below 22 F for a long duration. The first is in a covered structure that can maintain a minimum temperature of 28 F. If needed use one or multiple layers of frost blankets. If kept outside, consolidate and tip plants, and cover with alternating layers of poly and a material like Sudangrass, maintaining a temperature between F. Ensure plants are fully dormant prior to covering. To wake plants, remove coverings when temperatures are consistently in the 50s. Light Levels: Full sun in cooler regions. In warmer regions it is best to keep under 47% shade after April 1st. Water Requirements: During vegetative growth avoid overwatering to encourage flowering. When flowering commences avoid drought stress. Planting Seasons: Spring through fall Pest/Disease Management: Common diseases include anthracnose and powdery mildew, and chlorosis can also be an issue. Aphids and mites can be problematic, however it is not recommended to use the miticide Spiromesifen. Due to sensitivity to pre-emergent herbicide, use other methods of weed control. Below is a table of commonly used products to treat these issues: Anthracnose - Spectro 90, Strike Plus, Palladium, Pageant Intrinsic Powdery mildew - Pageant Intrinsic, Camelot O, Spectro 90 Chlorosis - Sprint, Calcium Nitrate sprays Aphids Decathlon, Talstar, Ultra Pure Oil, Mainspring Spider mites- Minx, Sultan, Ultra Pure Oil PGR Application: Active ingredients commonly used in production include daminozide and paclobutrazol. Active ingredients not recommended include ethephon. Flowers on new or old wood: Old and new wood Special Notes: Buds form in fall and early spring, so time pruning accordingly to avoid loss of flowers. In extreme hot weather keep plants well hydrated and use a 2-minute cooling cycle and use shade to keep flowers from potential burn. Finishing TImes 12 Bailey Nurseries Grower Guide Endless Summer BloomStruck Hydrangea JumpStarts

8 SHRUB Production Tips Hydrangea paniculata - Shrub form Fertilization Requirements: Incorporate fertilizer at time of planting, topdressing in the second season. Overwintering Practices: Maintain plants in one of two ways if temperatures will drop below 10 F for a long duration. The first is in a covered structure that can maintain a minimum temperature of 15 F. If kept outside, consolidate and tip plants, and then cover with alternating layers of poly and a material like Sudangrass, maintaining a temperature above 15 F. Light Levels: Full sun to partial shade Water Requirements: Use medium to high water applications depending on size of plants during the growing season, especially during flowering. Planting Seasons: Spring through fall. Bareroot planted early, plugs and quarts in the summer. Field dug in the fall. Pest/Disease Management: Two spotted spider mites and flea beetles have been observed. It is recommended to use Judo, Minx, Ultra Pure Oil, or Sultan on spider mites. Use Decathalon or Orthene on flea beetles. For bacterial leaf spots use a copper spray such as Camelot O, Phyton, Juntion, or a fungicide such as Cease, or Triathalon BA. PGR Application: Depending on variety, the active ingredients commonly used include daminozide and paclobutrazol. Flowers on new or old wood: New wood Special Notes: To promote branching, trim after planting and again after growth has begun back to Additional pruning to promote proper shaping is recommended. Blooms will begin to color when the night temperatures are consistently 10 or more degrees cooler at night than during the day. Finishing Times Production Tips Hydrangea quercifolia (Oakleaf hydrangea) Fertilization Requirements: Medium to high rates of complete, controlled-release fertilizer incorporated at time of planting. Urea is not recommended. Overwintering Practices: For warmer regions, standard overwintering techniques if temperatures will remain greater than 20 F. For cooler regions consolidate and cover with poly to maintain temperatures between F Light Levels: Part shade to full sun Water Requirements: Maintain consistent moisture levels, avoiding drought stress or over watering, especially when plants are young. Avoid watering late in the day to prevent disease. Planting Seasons: Spring Pest/Disease Management: Bacterial leaf spots can occur when watering late in the day. Use of preventative fungicide after pruning is recommended. Flea beetles have also been observed. Flowers on new or old wood: New wood Special Notes: To maintain shape, ensure proper spacing. Pruning is best done in April and completed by the 1st of May for best results. Plants do not respond well to pruning in high heat. Finishing Times First Editions Strawberry Sundae Hydrangea First Editions Jetstream Hydrangea 14 Bailey Nurseries Grower Guide

9 PRODUCTION TIPS Fertilization Requirements: For green-leafed varieties use a high rate of a controlled release fertilizer early in the season, Production Tips Lagerstroemia (Crapemyrtle) reducing towards fall. For purple-leafed varieties use a medium to high rate, incorporated at time of planting. Overwintering Practices: Overwinter plants in a cold frame, keeping temperatures greater than 20 F. Light Levels: Full sun to partial shade Water Requirements: Maintain consistent moisture levels Planting Seasons: In cooler regions, any time after the danger of frost has passed. Best in fall and early spring prior to bud formation during hot summer weather. Pest/Disease Management: Flea and Japanese beetles, aphids, and whiteflies have been observed. Diseases observed include some Cercoserpa leaf spot. Flowers on new or old wood: Old and new wood Special Notes: For fuller #3 containers and larger sizes, use multiple liners for faster production. Heat and longer days will transition plants from vegetative growth to floral production. If deadheaded, plants will rebloom 5-6 weeks later allowing for crop staging. Prune young plants to encourage branching until August 15th to maintain hardiness, or prune after dormancy. Loropetalum (Fringe Flower) Fertilization Requirements: Medium to high rates of complete, controlled slow-release fertilizer incorporated at time of planting. Do not use uncoated fertilizers. Overwintering Practices: Overwinter plants in a cold frame, keeping temperatures greater than 20 F. Light Levels: Full sun to part shade Water Requirements: Maintain consistent moisture levels. Avoid drought stress especially when plants are young, backing off watering as roots establish. Planting Seasons: All year in warmer regions. In cooler regions, any time after the danger of frost has passed. Flowers on new or old wood: Old wood Special Notes: Avoid stressing these plants during production with drought stress or under fertilization, which may turn leaves a greenish purple color. If growing under partial shade, take caution when moving to a sunnier location, and doing so prior to the last flush. Prune young plants to encourage branching. Finishing Times Finishing Times First Editions Crimson Fire Fringe Flower First Editions Ruffled Red Magic Crapemyrtle 16 Bailey Nurseries Grower Guide

10 Production Tips Physocarpus (Ninebark) Fertilization Requirements: Incorporate at time of planting, topdressing in the second season. Overwintering Practices: For cooler regions, it is recommended that you consolidate, tip and cover plants with alternating layers of poly and a material such as Sudangrass to maintain a temperature range between F. Other practices include consolidation in poly houses with temps above 10 F, or if temps will remain higher than F they can be kept outside uncovered. Light Levels: Full sun Water Requirements: Maintain consistent moisture levels; watering in late morning during active growth, especially in the spring. Planting Seasons: Spring through fall. Bareroot planted early, plugs and quarts in the summer. Field dug in the fall. Pest/Disease Management: Susceptible to powdery mildew, flea beetles and spider mites. For mildew use a fungicide such as Pageant Intrinsic, Strike, or Spectro 90. Flea beetles can be controlled with Decathalon, Mainspring, or Azatin. For spider mites use Minx, Sultan, or Ultra Pure Oil. Flowers on new or old wood: New wood Special Notes: For light leaf colored ninebarks, do not hard prune older plants. Amber Jubilee is very light sensitive; plants grown in opaque poly houses will be yellow until they are exposed to direct sunlight, changing to amber within a week. Little Devil grows aggressively and requires multiple prunings per season. To avoid water sprout-like growth, trim back terminals in spring. Finishing Times PRODUCTION TIPS Fertilization Requirements: Incorporate at time of planting, Potentilla topdressing in the second season. Overwintering Practices: For cooler regions, it is recommended that you consolidate, tip and cover plants with alternating layers of poly and a material such as Sudangrass to maintain a temperature range between F. Other practices include consolidation in poly houses with temperatures above 10 F. Light Levels: Full sun Water Requirements: Maintain consistent moisture levels during the growing season, with additional water during especially hot stretches. Planting Seasons: Spring through fall. Bareroot planted early, plugs and quarts in the summer. Field dug in the fall. Pest/Disease Management: Flea and Japanese beetles, aphids, and whiteflies have been observed. Diseases observed include some Cercoserpa leaf spot. First Editions Lemon Meringue Potentilla Flowers on new or old wood: New wood Finishing Times 18 Bailey Nurseries Grower Guide

11 Production Tips Finishing Times Rhus typhina (Staghorn Sumac) Fertilization Requirements: Incorporate at time of planting, topdressing in the second season. Overwintering Practices: For cooler regions, it is recommended that you consolidate, tip and cover plants with alternating layers of poly and a material such as Sudangrass to maintain a temperature range between F. Other practices include consolidation in poly houses with temperatures above 10 F, or if temperatures will remain higher than F they can be kept outside uncovered. Light Levels: Full sun Water Requirements: Maintain consistent moisture levels during the growing season, reducing the amount in the fall. Planting Seasons: All year depending on region. Pest/Disease Management: Powdery mildew has been observed. To control use a fungicide such as Pageant Intrinsic, Spectro 90, Camelot O, or Palladium. First Editions Tiger Eyes Cutleaf Staghorn Sumac 20 Bailey Nurseries Grower Guide

12 PRODUCTION TIPS Fertilization Requirements: Incorporate at time of planting, topdressing in the second season. Production Tips Rosa (Rose) Overwintering Practices: Maintain plants in one of two ways depending on your region. The first is in a covered structure that can maintain a minimum temperature of F. If needed use one or multiple layers of frost blankets. If kept outside, consolidate and tip plants, and cover with alternating layers of poly and a material like Sudangrass, maintaining a temperature between F. Light Levels: Full sun Water Requirements: Maintain consistent moisture levels during the growing season. Avoid watering at night. Planting Seasons: Spring through fall. Bareroot planting is best when done in the spring when humidity levels rise. Pest/Disease Management: Powdery or downy mildew has been observed. Use preventative fungicide treatments weekly to biweekly. Flowers on new or old wood: New wood Special Notes: Stage pruning is recommended to maintain blooms all season. Finishing Times Easy Elegance My Girl Rose Easy Elegance Super Hero Rose 22 Bailey Nurseries Grower Guide

13 PRODUCTION TIPS Fertilization Requirements: Incorporate at time of planting, topdressing in the second season. Production Tips Spiraea (Spirea) Overwintering Practices: For cooler regions, it is recommended that you consolidate, tip and cover plants with alternating layers of poly and a material such as Sudangrass to maintain a temperature range between F. Other practices include consolidation in poly houses with temperatures above 10 F. Light Levels: Full sun Water Requirements: Low to medium levels needed; maintain consistent moisture levels during the growing season avoiding over watering. Planting Seasons: Spring through fall. Bareroot planted early, plugs and quarts in the summer. Field dug in the fall. Pest/Disease Management: Powdery mildew and fungal leaf spots are common diseases. Pests include eriophyid mites and aphids. Use a fungicide such as Pageant Intrinsic, Spectro 90, Camelot O, or Palladium. To control mites, use Minx, Oil, Judo, or Kontos. For aphids use Decathalon, Talstar, Ultra Pure Oil, or Mainspring. Flowers on new or old wood: New wood Syringa (Common lilac) Fertilization Requirements: Incorporate at time of planting, topdressing in the second season. Overwintering Practices: For cooler regions, it is recommended that you consolidate, tip and cover plants with alternating layers of poly and a material such as Sudangrass to maintain a temperature range between F. Other practices include consolidation in poly houses with temperatures above 10 F. Light Levels: Full sun Water Requirements: Low to medium levels needed; maintain consistent moisture levels during the growing season avoiding over-watering. Planting Seasons: Spring through late summer Flowers on new or old wood: Old wood Special Notes: Some varieties are slow growing Finishing TImes Special Notes: Some varieties are slower growing than others and some are ph sensitive. If using water with a high ph, use sulfur. Finishing TImes First Editions Superstar Spirea First Editions Virtual Violet Lilac 24 Bailey Nurseries Grower Guide

14 PRODUCTION TIPS Production Tips Viburnum Fertilization Requirements: Medium to high rates of complete, controlled slow-release fertilizer incorporated at time of planting. Overwintering Practices: For cooler regions overwinter in a cold frame. For warmer regions (greater than zone 7) the crop can remain outside if temperatures will remain greater than 20 F. Light Levels: Full sun Production in our facilities We get a lot of questions about how we develop these best practices techniques. Here s an example of Hydrangea paniculata tree production in Oregon. First Editions Vanilla Strawberry Hydrangea Tree Form Water Requirements: Maintain consistent moisture levels during the growing season. Planting Seasons: All year, depending on region. Pest/Disease Management: Flea beetles and spider mites have bene observed. Common diseases include powdery mildew and bacterial leaf spots. Treat flea beetles with Decathalon, Mainspring or Talstar. Mites can be controlled with Judo, Minx, or Ultra Pure Oil. Use Cease, Camelot O, Pagent, or Sprectro 90 for powdery mildew. For bacterial leaf spots use a copper spray such as Camelot 0, Phyton, or Junction, or a fungicide such as Cease, or Triathalon BA. Flowers on new or old wood: Old wood Special Notes: Viburnums require vernalization. Responds well to pruning. Opening Day is a fast grower and makes for a quick turn. Finishing TImes First Editions Spring Lace Viburnum YEAR 1 Rooted cuttings planted in the field and allow to grow as a shrub. YEAR 3 Shape and develop head with goal of reaching 4 grade. YEAR 2 Staked and trained into whips. Prune off all branches except dominant leader. 26 Bailey Nurseries Grower Guide

15 PROGRAMS Bailey Nurseries is synonymous with bareroot. It remains one of our key Success From The Roots Up BAREROOT product lines because it allows you, our valued partners in horticulture, to receive consistently high-quality trees, shrubs and fruits for your own production, in the landscape, or for upshifting into containers for retail sales. As a fellow grower we know that time is money, and bareroot allows you the flexibility to plant early and with top-notch quality at the heftier Bailey Grade size from our Minnesota, Oregon and Washington facilities. We ve been growing exceptional bareroot nursery stock since 1905 while always keeping an eye on the future 28 Bailey Nurseries Grower Guide

16 Bareroot Tree Grading Tree Grading by Head Size In addition to grading by branching, some varieties are graded by head size and caliper. When hand-grading bareroot plant material, we hold ourselves to a standard that has been dubbed the Bailey Grade in the industry. Comparably higher than the guidelines set by the American Standard for Nursery Stock, you can expect consistency, a well-trained leader, and a full tree or shrub. Bailey Nurseries bareroot trees are available in various sizes to fit your budget and production needs. Since every customer s situation is different, this wide variety of options give you the flexibility to purchase liners to grow on in your own production or fully branched trees ready for retail or landscape installation. WHIP Typically has no branching with a 1-year top LIGHT-BRANCHED TREES Great for lining out, this grade is missing a branch at the node and is not yet symmetrically branched. SHORT-BRANCHED TREES A select grade from the light-branched category where the branching is wellbalanced, First Editions but does not have the branch length to qualify as a fully-branched tree. Matador Maple BRANCHED TREE Applies to a select group of varieties that include: Acer platanoides Crimson Sentry, Quercus Regal Prince and Syringa reticulata cultivars. CLUMP TYPES GLOBE OR UPRIGHT TYPES WEEPING TYPES (Trees with 3 or more stems) #1 Heavy and #1: Caliper at or above #1 Heavy and #1: Caliper at or above 7/8 ONE-YEAR TOP Graded on the scale of branched 7/8 with a head of at least 8 #1 Light and #2: Caliper less than 7/8 trees based on the average Another designation within light-branched (as well as branched) trees, one-year #1 Light and #2: Caliper less than 7/8 branching of all stems top liners have a younger top with viable dormant buds that train as a leader or produce well-spaced branches. FOR GARDEN CENTERS: BRANCHED TREES #1 Heavy and #1 grades are typically fuller trees with even heads With tops that have been growing for at least two years, these trees have a straight All #1 Heavy trees will have 6 or more branches and #1 grades will have 4 5 branches central leader with symmetrical lateral branching, which is a strong quality for garden centers and growers. FOR GROWERS: #1 Light and #2 grades are less full trees that are well-suited to lining out. They may have uneven heads or TRANSPLANT TREES (TT) shorter and fewer branches that can be pruned and grown to its larger, more retail-sellable size Typically larger in size by the time of purchase, these trees have been growing at our Minnesota facility for a minimum of four years, where we consistently prune their root systems and space to encourage a compact, fibrous root system, larger caliper, a heavier head, and better branching. 30 Bailey Nurseries Grower Guide

17 Bareroot Shrub Grading Similar to our trees, Bailey Nurseries shrubs and roses are graded at the Bailey Grade, above the American Standard for Nursery Stock. These categories of plants are either graded by cane height and heft, crown size, or width. CANE GRADES Each shrub graded by cane height must have at least 2 stems above its designated grade. For example, a 6 grade requires that 2 canes be well above the 6 mark and a 12 grade requires that at least 3 canes be well above the 12 mark. Cane grades have the following designations: 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 2, 2 ½. NOTE: Even if a plant has the required height for a certain grade, if its heft is not greater than the lower designation, it will be downgraded to the lower grade. WIDTH GRADES Similar to cane-graded shrubs, those graded by width must surpass its corresponding grade designation, but also must be supported by the height of one grade lower; for example, an 18 width grade must have a height of 15 or it would be downgraded to a 15 width grade. Width-graded varieties include Jade Carousel Barberry and Sundrop Spirea. Rose Grading 12 grade 12 6 grade 6 Cornus Cane Grade: 12 Bareroot Planting Tips To maximize your success with bareroot material, pay special attention to how you plant the trees, shrubs and roses. These are simple tips for the best results. Cheyenne Common Privet BAREroot Ligustrum vulgare Cheyenne Always prune for an even root-to-top ratio. Especially for trees, it s important that your root ball and top are of similar size. Even if your tree or shrub has a smaller root mass, For trees, plant the root flare at the still prune the top aggressively to keep the soil level to avoid stem girdling roots. plant balanced. For shrubs and roses, plant with the crown right at the soil line. CROWN GRADES Crown-graded shrubs are not based on specific measurements, but instead designated relative to the crop and amount of bud break expected. Designations include: #1, Medium and #1. Crown-graded varieties include: Buddleia, Caryopertis, Hydrangea arborescens, Hydrangea macrophylla, certain honeysuckle, Tiger Eyes Sumac, Sambucus and Vitis. CROWN GRADES (Roses) - #1: Generally will have a minimum of 3 canes that are branched no higher than 3 from the well-balanced crown. - #1 ½: Generally will have a minimum of 2 canes plus help that are branched no higher than 3 from the well-balanced crown. - #2: Generally will have a minimum of 1 cane of substantial caliper plus help. Never cram roots into a container; root prune to fit into the designated pot. 32 Bailey Nurseries Grower Guide

18 Bareroot Care and handling Sweating & Forcing Bud Break So your bareroot shipment has arrived now what? How do you handle it now and until it gets planted? Then If you received a tree or shrub that goes especially dormant during winter cold storage, they will need a little great product line. Follow these steps for a consistent, healthy crop: how do you bring it out of dormancy? Here are a few easy-to-follow tips and tricks to take full advantage of this 1 2 extra push to break bud. This can be done by sweating the plant in a moist location between 45 F and 70 F Lay the plant material on its Cover with a plastic sheet. side and cover with wet packing Check for any major breakage, Never allow the roots to dry out; Keep the shipment protected breakage that may have with straw, hay or a tarp. temperatures and move to a cool, and prune any of the minimal occurred during the shipping water them down and cover process. material like straw or shingle tow. from the sun, wind or freezing 3 refrigerated storage space until you re ready to plant or pot. 4 Periodically check to make sure the bareroot and packing material is staying moist and at a consistent temperature. - Birch, hackberry, oak, hawthorn, and ironwood break bud best if sweated. - Willow, pears, ginnala maple, barberry, variegated and Pagoda dogwood, spreading cotoneaster, Once buds begin to swell, typically tamarix, trumpet vine or roses, can be forced into bud in your greenhouse. after a few days, the trees or shrubs are ready to be planted or potted. At this point, the product Planting or Potting Your Shipment should move into a warm, humid environment to continue the DOING IT SOON? waking up process. Keep the trees or shrubs protected from sun, wind or cold temperatures until they re ready for the field or potting line. If your varieties are difficult to break bud, you may need to sweat or force them into bloom. DOING IT IN THE FUTURE? Heel your plants in sand, sawdust or wood chips, making sure that the roots are fully covered and watered in well. Do this in a cool, humid building. IS YOUR BAREROOT FROZEN? Do not plant or pot any frozen bareroot stock. Warm the product up slowly, at temperatures just above freezing, until it is thawed and ready to be handled. 34 Bailey Nurseries If you don t have a facility available to sweat your bareroot material, you can achieve a similar result using the hydration technique or by forcing in a greenhouse. The hydration technique is simply placing the roots of your bareroot product into a tank or pond for hours prior to planting or potting in a similar environment to that listed above. The final option is by forcing in a greenhouse using heat and high humidity. Especially for the varieties listed previously in the Care and Handling, we recommend you pot up the trees and shrubs and then place in a greenhouse with almost 100% humidity to encourage bud break. Grower Guide

19 Innovation Laying pots down with a swather Harvesting rooted cuttings Improved germination rates through LED technology 36 Custom-built Bailey Nurseries tree harvester Pneumatic pruning mechanization Mechanically cleaning spring debris with blower attachment Caption: JumpStarts LED Grower Guide

20 paint color codes 2018 Paint color codes Acer campestre Caragana arborescens Leonard Messel Red Prunus First Editions St Croix Green/Yellow Carnival Green/Yellow Weeping Yellow Merrill Magnolia Blue Canada Red Select Pink Valley Forge Blue/Orange First Editions Jade Patina Green/Pink Acer miyabei State Street Gray/Tan Walker None Carpinus European Hornbeam Pink Moonglow Sweet Bay Orange Northern Belle Aqua/Blue Malus - Flowering Sucker Punch Aqua Prunus Cherries - Flowering Double Weeping Higan None Cathedral Purple Discovery Pink Frontier Blue/White Acer negundo Pyramidal Hornbeam None Adams Aqua/Purple Pink Snow Showers Pink/Purple Homestead White Sensation Maple Aqua Acer platanoides Columnar Aqua Crimson King Pink Crimson Sentry Pink/White Deborah Aqua/White Emerald Lustre Purple Princeton Gold White/Yellow Caroliniana Blue Beech Blue Catalpa spec Northern None Celtis occ Hackberry None Cercis canadensis Forest Pansy Purple Hearts of Gold Aqua Lavender Twist Orange Cladrastis kent Yellowwood None Adirondack Aqua/Orange Brandywine Tan/Yellow Camelot Blue/Orange Candymint Aqua/Yellow Coralburst None Dolgo Crab Aqua Donald Wyman Blue Firebird Pink/Purple First Editions Spring Wonder Aqua/Yellow First Editions Goldspur Amur Chokecherry Yellow Maackii Amur Chokecherry None Kwanzan Purple Snow Fountains Red/White Prunus Plums - Flowering Dbl Flowering Plum Newport Plum - MN Strain None Pioneer Blue/Pink Triumph Blue Vanguard Yellow Zelkova Green Vase None Kiwi Sunset Pink Malus - Apple Beacon Blue Colonnade Bolero Gray/Purple Royal Red Red Perkins Pink Pink First Editions Gladiator Org/Pink/Purple Thundercloud Pink/Red Connell Red Blue/Red Variegated Green Cornus Hopa Yellow Princess Kay Aqua/Green Cortland Purple Acer pseud Korean Maple Pagoda Dogwood None Indian Magic Purple/White Redleaf May Day Tree Red Red Delicious Red Acer rubrum White Northern Source Red/White Autumn Radiance Blue/Green Autumn Spire Pink Brandywine Green/Yellow Burgundy Belle Blue/Red Northfire Blue Northwood None October Glory Pink/Yellow Red Rocket Green/Purple Red Sunset Orange First Editions Scarlet Jewell Purple Sun Valley Green/Pink Acer saccharinum Silver Queen White Acer saccharum Pink PA Source Pink Krousa Pink Satomi Aqua Venus Aqua/Red Crataegus Crimson Cloud Purple Snowbird Pink Toba Yellow Green White Autumn Purple Red Mancana Orange Patmore Pink Ginkgo Autumn Gold Yellow Gleditsia Thornless White Imperial Purple Northern Acclaim Aqua Shademaster Green Indian Summer Blue/Gray Kelsey Red Lollipop Aqua/Gray/Red Louisa Red/Yellow Morning Princess Pink/White Pink Spires Pink Prairifire Pink/Red Profusion Green/Pink Purple Prince Aqua/White Radiant Green Red Jewel Purple/Red Red Splendor Gray Rejoice Aqua/Green/White Royal Beauty Aqua/Blue/Green Royal Raindrops Blue/Purple Royalty Purple First Editions Ruby Tears Orange/Tan May Day Tree None Pyrus - Pear - Shade Autumn Blaze Red Chanticleer Yellow Korean Sun None Mountain Frost Purple Quercus White Aqua Swamp White Green Northern Pin Purple First Editions Majestic Skies Pink/Purple Crimson Spire Blue/Orange Northern Red Red Prairie Stature Pink/Yellow Heritage Red/White Regal Prince Blue Kindred Spirit White Golden Delicious Yellow Empire Orange/Yellow Fireside Orange Colonnade Flamenco Gray/Green Freedom Aqua/Blue Frostbite Green/Orange Goodland Aqua/Purple Granny Smith Green/Purple Gravenstein Purple/White Haralred Blue Haralson White Hat Trick Apple None Hazen Aqua Honeycrisp None Honeygold White/Yellow Jonathan Pink Kinderkrisp Tan/Yellow Northern Source Pink/Red Skyline Red Sargent Orange/Purple Robinia Purple Robe Purple La Crescent Aqua/Blue/Purple Apollo None Sunburst None Selkirk Orange/Yellow Sorbus Liberty Gray/Pink Fall Fiesta Orange Green Mountain Yellow Inferno Aqua/green/purple Black Green Gym Kentucky Coffeetree Hibiscus First Editions -tree Bali White Fiji Pink Show Time Gray/Tan Snowdrift Orange Spring Bride Green/Pink/Red Spring Snow None European None Korean Yellow Cardinal Royal Pink Showy Purple Macoun Aqua/Red Colonnade Maypole Gray / Blue McIntosh Purple/Yellow Norland Green/Yellow Unity Blue/Yellow Hawaii Aqua Sugar Tyme Blue/White Oak Leaf Aqua Northern Lights Red/Yellow Acer tataricum White Hot Wings Red Acer x freemanii Firefall Yellow First Editions Matador Red Marmo Maple Blue/Pink Sienna Glen Pink/Tan Aesculus glabra None Alnus Tahiti Purple Hydrangea Tree Form First Editions Great Star Purple First Editions Tickled Pink Orange First Editions Vanilla Strawberry None Limelight Green PeeGee Yellow Pink Diamond Blue Pinky Winky White Thunderchild Purple/Yellow Tina None Ostrya virginiana Ironwood None Physocarpus Diabolo tree None First Editions Amber Jubilee Yellow Summer Wine Pink Platanus Bloodgood None Syringa meyeri Dwarf Korean None Japanese Tree Lilac None Golden Eclipse Blue First Editions Snowdance Orange Ivory Silk Yellow Tinkerbelle Aqua Tilia American None Northwest Greening Green Colonnade Polka Gray/Orange Prairie Magic Blue/White Red Baron Red/White Red Duchess Pink/Red Red Prairie Spy Green/White Red Regent Pink/White Royal Gala Blue/Pink September Wonder Aqua/Blue/Orange Prairie Horizon Yellow Quick Fire Red Exclamation! Blue American Sentry Aqua SnowSweet Orange/Tan Amelanchier x grand Aut Brilliance Betula Heritage Birch Pink Shilo Splash None Tardiva Pink Koelreuteria Golden Candle Yellow Larix Japanese Larch None Populus Narrowleaf Green Balsam None Boulevard Yellow Corinthian Orange Frontyard Purple State Fair Green/Pink Sweet Sixteen Blue/Orange Wealthy Orange/White Summer Cascade None Liriodendron tulipifera None Siouxland White Redmond Red Winecrisp Aqua/Green/Orange Prairie Dream Tan Arnold Columnar Orange Bigtooth Purple Littleleaf White Wolf River Aqua/Orange Weeping Cut Leaf None Maackia Summertime Amur White Highland Blue Shamrock Pink Wodarz Aqua/Blue/Red Dakota Pinnacle Purple Magnolia Theves None Harvest Gold Pink/White Yellow Transparent Orange/Pink Prairie Vision Red/Tan Ann Purple Jeronimus Orange Sterling Silver Green Zestar! Aqua/White Whitespire Seed Source None Royal Frost None Butterflies White Cucumbertree Green First Editions Centennial Blush Aqua Goldfinch Yellow Quaking Aspen None Lanceleaf Yellow Robusta Red Tower None Glenleven Blue/Pink Ulmus Accolade Red Prairie Expedition Aqua/Orange Malus - Crabapple Centennial Blue/Green Chestnut Blue/Purple Whitney Orange/Red Princeton Blue/Green Pyrus - Pear - Fruiting Bartlett Blue Bosc Aqua/Pink Early Gold Aqua/Orange Golden Spice Red Gourmet Aqua/Purple Luscious Yellow Magness Pink/Purple Parker Orange/Pink Patten Pink Red Sensation Bartlett Pear Red/White Seckel Pear Orange Summercrisp Aqua Ure Blue/Yellow First Editions Tawara Asian Pear Green Prunus - Plums Alderman Aqua/Red BlackIce Aqua/Orange Blues Jam Blue/White La Crescent Green Mount Royal Purple Pembina Blue/Pink Pipestone Aqua Shiro Yellow Superior Plum Blue Toka None Waneta Plum Blue/Green Stanley Prune Plum Orange Prunus - Cherry Plums Compass Pink Red Diamond Blue/Purple Sapalta Red Prunus - Apricots Brookcot Blue/Red Debbie s Gold Aqua Moongold None Pioneer Chinese Red Scout Green Sungold Orange Westcot Pink/Yellow Prunus - Peaches Bailey Hardy Pink Contender Orange Elberta Red PF Lucky 13 Flamin Fury Green Reliance Yellow Saturn Aqua Prunus - Fruit Cherries Bing Blue Black Tartarian Orange Evans Bali White First Editions Sweet Cherry Pie Gray Lapin Green Mesabi Red Meteor Pink Montmorency Yellow North Star Orange/Purple Rainier Purple Stella Aqua Prunus - Nectarines Flavortop Gray 38 Bailey Nurseries Grower Guide

21 codes Prunus First Editions St Croix Green/Yellow Pyrus Canada Red Select Pink Valley Forge Blue/Orange Sucker Punch Aqua Cathedral Purple Prunus Cherries - Flowering Discovery Pink Double Weeping Higan None Frontier Blue/White Pink Snow Showers Pink/Purple Homestead White Pioneer Blue/Pink Triumph Blue Vanguard Yellow Zelkova Green Vase None Kiwi Sunset Pink Malus - Apple Beacon Blue Colonnade Bolero Gray/Purple Connell Red Blue/Red First Editions Spring Wonder Aqua/Yellow First Editions Goldspur Amur Chokecherry Yellow Maackii Amur Chokecherry None Kwanzan Purple Snow Fountains Red/White Prunus Plums - Flowering Dbl Flowering Plum Newport Plum - MN Strain None Thundercloud Pink/Red Princess Kay Aqua/Green Redleaf May Day Tree Red May Day Tree None Pyrus - Pear - Shade Autumn Blaze Red Chanticleer Yellow Korean Sun None Mountain Frost Purple Quercus White Aqua Swamp White Green Northern Pin Purple First Editions Majestic Skies Pink/Purple Crimson Spire Blue/Orange Northern Red Red Prairie Stature Pink/Yellow Heritage Red/White Regal Prince Blue Kindred Spirit White Robinia Purple Robe Purple Sorbus European None Korean Yellow Cardinal Royal Pink Showy Purple Oak Leaf Aqua Syringa meyeri Dwarf Korean None Japanese Tree Lilac None Golden Eclipse Blue First Editions Snowdance Orange Ivory Silk Yellow Tinkerbelle Aqua Tilia American None American Sentry Aqua Boulevard Yellow Corinthian Orange Frontyard Purple Redmond Red Littleleaf White Shamrock Pink Harvest Gold Pink/White Sterling Silver Green Glenleven Blue/Pink Ulmus Accolade Red Prairie Expedition Aqua/Orange Princeton Blue/Green Cortland Purple Red Delicious Red Golden Delicious Yellow Empire Orange/Yellow Fireside Orange Colonnade Flamenco Gray/Green Freedom Aqua/Blue Frostbite Green/Orange Goodland Aqua/Purple Granny Smith Green/Purple Gravenstein Purple/White Haralred Blue Haralson White Hat Trick Apple None Hazen Aqua Honeycrisp None Honeygold White/Yellow Jonathan Pink Kinderkrisp Tan/Yellow La Crescent Aqua/Blue/Purple Liberty Gray/Pink Macoun Aqua/Red Colonnade Maypole Gray / Blue McIntosh Purple/Yellow Norland Green/Yellow Northern Lights Red/Yellow Northwest Greening Green Colonnade Polka Gray/Orange Prairie Magic Blue/White Red Baron Red/White Red Duchess Pink/Red Red Prairie Spy Green/White Red Regent Pink/White Royal Gala Blue/Pink September Wonder Aqua/Blue/Orange SnowSweet Orange/Tan State Fair Green/Pink Sweet Sixteen Blue/Orange Wealthy Orange/White Winecrisp Aqua/Green/Orange Wolf River Aqua/Orange Wodarz Aqua/Blue/Red Yellow Transparent Orange/Pink Zestar! Aqua/White Malus - Crabapple Centennial Blue/Green Chestnut Blue/Purple Whitney Orange/Red - Pear - Fruiting Bartlett Blue Bosc Aqua/Pink Early Gold Aqua/Orange Golden Spice Red Gourmet Aqua/Purple Luscious Yellow Magness Pink/Purple Parker Orange/Pink Patten Pink Red Sensation Bartlett Pear Red/White Seckel Pear Orange Summercrisp Aqua Ure Blue/Yellow First Editions Tawara Asian Pear Green Prunus - Plums Alderman Aqua/Red BlackIce Aqua/Orange Blues Jam Blue/White La Crescent Green Mount Royal Purple Pembina Blue/Pink Pipestone Aqua Shiro Yellow Superior Plum Blue Toka None Waneta Plum Blue/Green Stanley Prune Plum Orange Prunus - Cherry Plums Compass Pink Red Diamond Blue/Purple Sapalta Red Prunus - Apricots Brookcot Blue/Red Debbie s Gold Aqua Moongold None Pioneer Chinese Red Scout Green Sungold Orange Westcot Pink/Yellow Prunus - Peaches Bailey Hardy Pink Contender Orange Elberta Red PF Lucky 13 Flamin Fury Green Reliance Yellow Saturn Aqua Prunus - Fruit Cherries Bing Blue Black Tartarian Orange Evans Bali White First Editions Sweet Cherry Pie Gray Lapin Green Mesabi Red Meteor Pink Montmorency Yellow North Star Orange/Purple Rainier Purple Stella Aqua Prunus - Nectarines Flavortop Gray Grower Guide

22 MINNESOTA OREGON WASHINGTON ILLINOIS Office I 1325 Bailey Road, St. Paul, MN Phone I Fax I Web I I