National Historic Landmarks in Florida and the Impact on Flagler College By Mackenzie Taylor HIS 330 4/24/18

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1 National Historic Landmarks in Florida and the Impact on Flagler College By Mackenzie Taylor HIS 330 4/24/18

The National Park Service The National Park Service was founded in 1916.

The National Park Service has special criteria that is used to determine the significance of these different sites.

2 The National Park Service The National Park Service was founded in For over one hundred years, the goal of the organization has been to preserve and protect natural and cultural sites around the country. The National Park Service has special criteria that is used to determine the significance of these different sites. With the help of employees and numerous volunteers, the National Park Service has turned these locations into places of "enjoyment, education, and inspiration." 1 Some of the locations that have been designated and protected by the National Park Service are known as National Historic Landmarks. 1

National Historic Landmarks National Historic Landmarks are properties that have been deemed important because of their national significance.

illustrating or interpreting the heritage of the United States in history, architecture, archeology, engineering and culture and that possess a high degree of integrity of location, design, setting,

3 National Historic Landmarks National Historic Landmarks are properties that have been deemed important because of their national significance. To determine their significance these sites, The quality of national significance is ascribed to districts, sites, buildings, structures and objects that possess exceptional value or quality in illustrating or interpreting the heritage of the United States in history, architecture, archeology, engineering and culture and that possess a high degree of integrity of location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, feeling and association. 2 These locations can include birthplaces, burial sites, homes, historic buildings, etc. but need to meet certain criteria to be considered for this designation. For example, "A birthplace, grave or burial" is allowed to become a National Historic Landmark only "if it is of a historical figure of transcendent national significance and no other appropriate site, building or structure directly associated with the productive life of that person exists." 3 Each of these sites must be at least 50 years old to qualify for the title of a National Historic Landmark. 4 2

National Historic Landmarks in Florida The State of Florida currently has 46 sites designated as National Historic Landmarks.

throughout the state. The City of St. Augustine has numerous properties that are included on this list. The sites in St.

Augustine Town Plan Historic District, The Llambias House, The Hotel Ponce De Leon (now the centerpiece of Flagler College),

4 National Historic Landmarks in Florida The State of Florida currently has 46 sites designated as National Historic Landmarks. These include the Tampa Bay Hotel in Tampa, Vizcaya in Miami, Fort Zachary Taylor in Key West and numerous other locations throughout the state. The City of St. Augustine has numerous properties that are included on this list. The sites in St. Augustine are The St. Augustine Town Plan Historic District, The Llambias House, The Hotel Ponce De Leon (now the centerpiece of Flagler College), The Gonzalez-Alvarez House, and The Cathedral of St. Augustine. 5 Each of the National Historic Landmarks in St. Augustine were given this title in 1970 except for The Hotel Ponce De Leon, which earned its designation in

Flagler College 1968-2018 Flagler College, located in St. Augustine, Florida, was found in 1968 as a college for women.

5 Flagler College Flagler College, located in St. Augustine, Florida, was found in 1968 as a college for women. Since the creation of the college, it has undergone significant changes to not only the student body, but to the campus as well. The focal point of Flagler College s campus is the former Hotel Ponce de Leon. The City of St. Augustine is famous for its long history and the amount of National Historic Landmarks reflects that prestige. The Hotel Ponce de Leon was built by Henry Flagler and opened in The uniqueness of the building attracted visitors from all around the world. The architecture of the Hotel Ponce de Leon and the people who stayed there made the building significant. The Hotel Ponce de Leon was designated a National Historic Landmark in The building itself represented a merging of different cultures in a city where that was a huge part of its history. 8 4

6 Lesson Plan 1 Standard: SS.912.A.6.15: Examine key events and peoples in Florida history as they relate to United States history. Grade Level: 11 th Grade, Florida History Task: After taking the Legacy tour at Flagler College, break up into groups and try to identify elements of the building that meet the criteria for a National Historic Landmark designation. What to do: This task is to be completed while at Flagler College for the tour of The Hotel Ponce De Leon. As the building is designated as a National Historic Landmark, there are certain elements and criteria that must be met for this designation. Each group of students will be required to photograph ten (10) elements that reflect the standards that The Hotel Ponce De Leon had to meet to receive the 5

Lesson Plan 1 continued designation as a National Historic Landmark. These photographs that were taken will be discussed as a group immediately following the tour.

7 Lesson Plan 1 continued designation as a National Historic Landmark. These photographs that were taken will be discussed as a group immediately following the tour. This discussion will determine whether or not the students understand the qualifications of a National Historic Landmark. Resources: Here students will find a link to the Cornell Law School which outlines the different criteria that locations have to meet to be designated as a National Historic Landmark: 6

8 Lesson Plan 2 Standard: SS.912.A.6.15: Examine key events and peoples in Florida history as they relate to United States history. Grade Level: 11 th Grade, Florida History Task: Identify the National Historic Landmarks in Florida. Choose one (1) location and create a project that demonstrates an understanding of why this site was designated as a National Historic Landmark. What to do: Students will be required to do research on a site that has been designated by the National Park Service as a National Historic Landmark. Using the Hotel Ponce De Leon as an example, the students should look at their site from the perspective of a historian. Why is this site significant? Who is reason this site is significant? What did they do? 7

9 Lesson Plan 2 continued This is an activity to be done after visiting Flagler College. The college tour provides valuable information about the building that can be utilized when trying to learn information about another National Historic Landmark. Also, the students need to explore what the impact a designation like being a National Historic Landmark has on a site. Does it increase tourism? Does this designation impact how the site is preserved and interpreted? Resources: The school s library should be utilized for this task to do the additional information that will be needed to complete this assignment. The website for the National Park Service contains a list of each of the sites that have been designated as National Historic Landmarks and can be found here: 8

10 Glossary Designate: to appoint something or someone a title or position. National Historic Landmark: a site designated by the National Park Service as having national and cultural significance. National Park Service: an organization that oversees the protection and preservation of natural and cultural sites across the United States. Tourism: the visitation of people to different places that impact the locations economically. 9

11 Timeline 10/09/1960- Fort San Carlos de Barrancas in Pensacola, Plaza Ferdinand VII in Pensacola, and San Luis de Talimali in Leon County become the first National Historic Landmarks in Florida Flagler College Opens 4/15/1970- St. Augustine Town Plan Historic District becomes a National Historic Landmark 4/15/1970- The Cathedral of St. Augustine becomes a National Historic Landmark 4/15/1970- Gonzalez-Alvarez House becomes a National Historic Landmark 4/15/1970- Llambias House becomes a National Historic Landmark 2/17/2006- Hotel Ponce de Leon becomes a National Historic Landmark 10/31/2016- Norman Film Manufacturing Company in Jacksonville becomes the most recent National Historic Landmark 9 10

12 Bibliography Bearss, Edwin C. "The National Park Service and Its History Program: : An Overview." The Public Historian 9, no. 2 (1987): Boland, Beth M. "Historic Places: Common Ground for Teachers and Historians." OA Magazine of History 16, no. 2 (2002): Cornell Law School. 36 CFR National Historic Landmark criteria. Legal Information Institute. Accessed March 8, Graham, Thomas. "Flagler's Magnificent Hotel Ponce De Leon." The Florida Historical Quarterly 54, no. 1 (1975): Graham, Thomas. National Historic Landmark Nomination- Hotel Ponce De Leon. National Park Service Form National Park Service. About Us. National Park Service Website. Accessed March 8, National Park Service. Listing of National Historic Landmark by State. National Historic Landmarks Program. Accessed March, Pope, Margo C "Flagler College a national landmark." St. Augustine Record, The (FL), February 23. NewsBank, EBSCOhost (accessed March 8, 2018). Rogers, Jerry L. "Fulfilling Its Mandate: The National Park Service and Historic Preservation." The Public Historian 9, no. 2 (1987): Special to The Record "Sunday program at Flagler College celebrates historic landmark status." St. Augustine Record, The (FL), May 17. NewsBank, EBSCOhost (accessed March 12, 2018). Sprinkle, John H. " Of Exceptional Importance : The Origins of the Fifty-Year Rule in Historic Preservation." The Public Historian 29, no. 2 (2007):

13 Picture Sources Page 1: National Park Service logo- Page 2: Marker for Pennsylvania Capitol Building- Page 3 (left to right): The Cathedral of St. Augustine- Vizcaya- The Tampa Bay Hotel- Page 4: Hotel Ponce de Leon- Page 6: Ponce de Leon rotunda- 12

14 Endnotes 1 National Park Service. About Us. 2 Cornell Law School. 36 CFR National Historic Landmark criteria. 3 Cornell Law School. 36 CFR National Historic Landmark criteria. 4 Cornell Law School. 36 CFR National Historic Landmark criteria. 5 National Park Service. Listing of National Historic Landmark by State 6 National Park Service. Listing of National Historic Landmark by State 7 Pope, Margo C "Flagler College a national landmark." St. Augustine Record. 8 Graham, Thomas. National Historic Landmark Nomination- Hotel Ponce De Leon. 9 National Park Service. Listing of National Historic Landmark by State 13

Images: 2010 Bill Sumner for Vizcaya Museum and Gardens.

Images: 2010 Bill Sumner for Vizcaya Museum and Gardens. For Teacher: The field study visit to Vizcaya and this orientation are organized around inquirybased facilitated discussion. Vizcaya s school programs use facilitated discussion to encourage students to