Photo by Sergio Gomez; Architectural Record. Urban Innovations in Soil Mechanics Medellín, Colombia

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1 Photo by Sergio Gomez; Architectural Record Urban Innovations in Soil Mechanics Medellín, Colombia

2 the proposal the roadblock what actually happened

3 the proposal

4 Antioquia Medellín

5 Antioquia Aburra Valley

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7 Barbosa Giradota Copacabana Bello Medellín Itagüí Envigado Sabaneta La Estrella Caldas

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13 La Gabriela debris flow, 2010, >85 deaths

14 s social segregation and high rates or violence 1991: 381 murders per inhabitants 2003 Sergio Fajardo elected Mayor Urban transformation works Alejandro Echeverri Director of Urban Projects collaborative team: geologists forestry engineers geological engineers architects civil engineer urban designers academic administration politicians philosophers business peopls environmental scientists the public

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20 the roadblock

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23 what actually happened

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25 EPM - municipal and regional service providers - water management plans

26 EPM - municipal and regional service providers - water management plans Area Metropolitana de Valle de Aburra - Ing. Forestal - Esp. Gestion Ambiental

27 Santo Domingo - cable car + infrastructural improvements EPM - municipal and regional service providers - water management plans Area Metropolitana de Valle de Aburra - Ing. Forestal - Esp. Gestion Ambiental

28 Bello - recent informal settlement, construction methods, + social structure Santo Domingo - cable car + infrastructural improvements EPM - municipal and regional service providers - water management plans Area Metropolitana de Valle de Aburra - Ing. Forestal - Esp. Gestion Ambiental

29 Santo Domingo, Medellín

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31 Parque Biblioteca España road widening and infrastructure improvements

32 hardscape slope stabilization Metro cable station; Santo Domingo softscape slope stabilization

33 hardscape slope stabilization softscape slope stabilization

34 accessibility improvements

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38 Bello, Antioquia

39 Bello, several homes

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43 + SHIFTING GROUND RE HABITAR LA LADERA

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45 Given our knowledge of the geological risk, available urban area for development, and projections of future infomal growth, how can we apply landscape and urban design strategies to preemptively dissuade settlement in risk areas, direct settlement to safer sites, and introduce new land uses to occupy precarious sites and improve the general stability of the valley landscape?

46 * * ** *** * Bajo Low Medio Medium Alto High 50,500 67,000 84,000 10,000 13,500 17,000 * *Hobarth, 2011 ** New Precarious Settlers (New Precarious Settlers) *** 5 habitants por unidad (5 member sper household) Bajo Low Medio Medium Alto High 100, , ,000 20,500 27,500 34,500

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50 In the first study area, an analysis of geologic hazard based on slope and soil type shows significant threat to both the existing and future inhabitants. This area still requires a detailed geologic study to determine precise risk zones, but the combination of Dunite formations, seismically vulnerable soils and very steep slopes implies the possibility of severe geologic hazard. By 2030, Bello can expect 178,649 new residents according to the latest census data. Projecting the current precarious population percentage of roughly 8% into the future, we expect at least 20,000 new residents to be settling informally. Combining these projections with the pressure of growth spilling over from Medellín, we expect at least 4,000 new homes to be built in this area at roughly a rate of 200 houses per year. Zona #01 en 2007 Zone #01 in 2007 Zona #01 en 2030 sin intervención Zone #01 in 2030 without intervention Foto: POMCA, Bello, 2007.

51 Zona #01 en 2007 Zone #01 in 2007 Zona #01 en 2030 sin intervención Zone #01 in 2030 without intervention Copacabana Medellín Copacabana Medellín Bello Bello

52 EXISTING PRECARIOUS SETTLEMENTS 2010 FUTURE PRECARIOUS SETTLEMENTS 2030 EVACUATION: ALL IDENTIFY AND COMMUNICATE WITH COMMUNITY LEADERS IDENTIFY AND COMMUNICATE WITH COMMUNITY LEADERS INHIBIT SETTLEMENT IN UNSAFE SITES Create safe routes and build shelters Negotiate with landownders of sites Identify attractive sites Invest in livestock beneficial to slope Educate Create food processing, storage, and distribution centers Create farming cooperatives Increase farming STABILIZATION: HIGH RISK Control stormwater Install alarm system Collect rainwater Invest in crops beneficial to slope Build recreational farms Foster community plots Build recreational centers Increase recreational use EDUCATION AND MAINTENANCE Geo-engineeer creeks Make a social contract IDENTIFY RISK ZONES FOR SPECIFIC STRATEGIES Collect wastewater Stabilize small areas Build wastewater treatment plants Redirect stormwater Design road and pathway runoff systems Increase meadow coverage Build retaining walls Build new housing as slope stabilization Bio-engineer slopes Redevelop hydropower plants Seal slopes with new public hardscapes Farming / gardens Create business opportunities $$ $ DIRECT SETTLEMENTS TO SAFE SITES Stabilize large areas Expand meadows Terraces Build construction material centers Redefine policies RELOCATION: VERY HIGH RISK $ Economic incentives Identify houses at risk Build replacement housing Recreation Pathways Demolish at risk housing Reuse and stabilize land of demolished houses Migrants build houses Build key infrastructures Provide dense housing incentives $ Develop communal land trust Design sites and infrastructure Build public housing Train leaders Develop financing mechanism Create orientation centers Create construction training centers $? EDUCATION AND MAINTENANCE Offer settlers housing in other parts of the valley Find sites in valley

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