A. M. Archaeological Associates

Transcription

1 THE STAGE 1 AND 2 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE 393 DUNDAS STREET WEST PROPERTY, TOWN OF OAKVILLE (PART LOT 19, CONCESSION 1, GEO. TWP. TRAFALGAR NORTH, HALTON COUNTY) Prepared for Emil Toma, Distrikt Developments Yonge Street Toronto, ON M4N 3S emil@distriktdevelopments.com 88 Marchmount Road Toronto, ON M6G 2B1 am@archaeological.ca Original Licence Report Andrew Murray P.I.F. # P Dec-2017

2 The Stage 1 and 2 Archaeological Assessment of the 393 Dundas Street West Property, City of Oakville ii PROJECT PERSONNEL Project/ Field Director Field Technician/ Lab Analyst Field photographer/ Report Graphics/ Preparation Andrew Murray, P035 Jackie Dolling, P158 Andrew Murray, P035

3 The Stage 1 and 2 Archaeological Assessment of the 393 Dundas Street West Property, City of Oakville EXECUTIVE SUMMARY iii This report discusses the rationale, methods and results of the Stage 1 archaeological assessment for the proposed development at 393 Dundas Street West, Town of Oakville (Part Lot 19, Concession 1 North of Dundas, Geographic Township of Trafalgar, Halton County). The property was assessed for archaeological potential before a possible redevelopment for residential use. This assessment was requested by the Town of Oakville under the Planning Act. The assessment was conducted for Distrikt Developments, who arranged for permission to enter the subject property for the Stage 2 assessment on November 23, All archaeological assessment activities were performed according to the Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists (MTC 2011). All work was done under the archaeological consulting license, P035, issued to Andrew Murray of A. M. Archaeological Associates under the Ontario Heritage Act. All records pertaining to this project will be curated at the offices of. The study area encompasses an irregularly shaped parcel of land approximately 1.8 hectares in area. There is currently a bungalow and a former restaurant within the study area as well as a large paved parking lot and gravel driveways. The property is located on the north side of Dundas Street West approximately 500 metres east of Neyagawa Boulevard. Relatively recent residential developments surround the property. The proximity to a Shannon s Creek and the proximity to the nineteenth-century house of the Biggar family indicated the potential for precontact, and historic settlement remains before twentieth-century disturbances. The background research indicated that a structure was removed in the 1990s that may have been the original Biggar house just north of the study area. The background research indicated that the areas around the current bungalow and restaurant were developed in the second half of the twentieth-century and subject to secondary development in the 1980s. Eleven percent of the study area was subject to test pits at five-metre intervals without discovering any archaeological remains. Test pits at 20-metre intervals were used to delineate disturbance across 33 percent of the study area. A further 36 percent was visually determined to be intensively and extensively disturbed. The remaining 20 percent was the low and wet area around Shannon s Creek which also had partial disturbance. The Stage 2 field assessment was conducted across the 393 Dundas Street West study area. No archaeological remains were encountered, and no further assessment of the parklands as mapped in Maps 15 and 16 is required.

4 The Stage 1 and 2 Archaeological Assessment of the 393 Dundas Street West Property, City of Oakville iv On the basis of the above information, the following recommendations can be made: 1. The Stage 1 and 2 archaeological assessment of the lands known as 393 Dundas Street West, Town of Oakville has been completed. No archaeological remains were discovered. No further work is required.

5 The Stage 1 and 2 Archaeological Assessment of the 393 Dundas Street West Property, City of Oakville TABLE OF CONTENTS v PROJECT PERSONNEL ii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY iii TABLE OF CONTENTS v LIST OF IMAGES vi LIST OF MAPS vii 1.0 PROJECT CONTEXT Development Context Historic Context General Area Property History Archaeological Context Environmental Setting Registered Archaeological Sites Past Projects METHODOLOGY GIS Methods Field Methods Field Assessment Record of Finds Inventory of the Documentary Record ANALYSIS AND CONCLUSIONS Archaeological Potential Conclusions RECOMMENDATIONS ADVICE ON COMPLIANCE WITH LEGISLATION BIBLIOGRAPHY AND SOURCES IMAGES MAPS 18

6 The Stage 1 and 2 Archaeological Assessment of the 393 Dundas Street West Property, City of Oakville vi LIST OF IMAGES Image 1: J.E Cullingworth Family outside the Cullingworth house on the Biggar farm (Trafalgar Township Historical Society 1914). 14 Image 2: Ruth Irene Cullingworth at the gate outside the Cullingworth house on the Biggar farm (Trafalgar Township Historical Society 1917). 14 Image 3: North view of test pitted area in the southwest corner of the study area. 15 Image 4: Partially disturbed test pit profile in the southwest corner of the study area. 15 Image 5: Intact test pit profile in the northwest corner of the study area. 15 Image 6: Intact test pit profile in the northwest corner of the study area. 15 Image 7: Deeply disturbed test pit profile just south of area tested at five-metre intervals with crushed gravel at the bottom. 15 Image 8: Deeply disturbed test pit profile. 15 Image 9: Deeply disturbed test pit profile with crushed gravel at the bottom. 16 Image 10: Artificial slope at the back of the bungalow. 16 Image 11: Artificial slope at east of the bungalow. 16 Image 12: Disturbed driveway and buried services in front of the bungalow. 16 Image 13: Paved driveway at the rear of the former restaurant. 16 Image 14: Paved parking lot in front of the former restaurant. 16 Image 15: Flood mitigation berm in creek valley. 17 Image 16: Edge of grassed lawn towards Shannon s Creek valley. 17 Image 17: Slope to creek valley. 17 Image 18: Slope to creek valley. 17

7 The Stage 1 and 2 Archaeological Assessment of the 393 Dundas Street West Property, City of Oakville vii LIST OF MAPS Map 1: Location of the 393 Dundas Street West study area (NRC 2010). 18 Map 2: Study area on the land patent plan showing Charles Bigger on Lot 19 (1806 Wilmot). 19 Map 3: Location of the study area on 1858 map of Halton County showing Charles Bigger property (Tremaine 1860). 20 Map 4: 1877 Trafalgar Township map location of study area showing Miss J. Biggar with a house in the northeast of study area (Walker and Miles 1877). 21 Map 5: 1909 topographic map showing the house to the northwest corner of study area and creek through the east side of the property (Department of Militia and Defense 1909). 22 Map 6: 1931 topographic map showing the house to the northwest corner of study area and creek through the east side of the property (Department of National Defense 1931). 23 Map 7: Location of the study area on 1934 aerial photograph with vacant lands and structures to the northwest (NAPL 1934). 24 Map 8: 1954 aerial view of the study area showing initial period of disturbances (around A in highway) with an overlay of building points and roads from Ontario Base Map (Hunting Survey Corporation Limited 1954; MNR 2004). 25 Map 9: Location of the study area on 1961 topographic map showing new structures (Army Survey Establishment 1961). 26 Map 10: Location of the study area on 1961 aerial photograph showing existing bungalow and original restaurant/ gas bar (NAPL 1961). 27 Map 11: Location of the study area on 1974 aerial photograph showing expanded parking lot (NAPL 1974). 28 Map 12: Location of the study area on 1995 aerial photograph showing new restaurant building (Town of Oakville 1995). 29 Map 13: Location of the study area on 1999 aerial photograph showing changes around Shannon s Creek and possible disturbance north of bungalow (Town of Oakville 1999). 30 Map 14: 393 Dundas Street West study area with archaeological potential, assessment methods and photograph views (ESRI 2017; Town of Oakville 2017). 31 Map 15: 393 Dundas Street West survey plan with archaeological potential, assessment methods and photograph views. 32 Map 16: Survey plan for 393 Dundas West study area (provided by client). 33

8 The Stage 1 and 2 Archaeological Assessment of the 393 Dundas Street West Property, City of Oakville PROJECT CONTEXT 1.1 Development Context This report discusses the rationale, methods and results of the Stage 1 archaeological assessment for the proposed development at 393 Dundas Street West, Town of Oakville (Part Lot 19, Concession 1 North of Dundas, Geographic Township of Trafalgar, Halton County). The property was assessed for archaeological potential before a possible redevelopment for residential use. This assessment was requested by the Town of Oakville under the Planning Act. The assessment was conducted for Distrikt Developments, who arranged for permission to enter the subject property for the Stage 2 assessment on November 23, All archaeological assessment activities were performed according to the Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists (MTC 2011). All work was done under the archaeological consulting license, P035, issued to Andrew Murray of A. M. Archaeological Associates under the Ontario Heritage Act. All records pertaining to this project will be curated at the offices of. The study area encompasses an irregularly shaped parcel of land approximately 1.8 hectares in area. There is currently a bungalow and a former restaurant within the study area as well as a large paved parking lot and gravel driveways. The property is located on the north side of Dundas Street West approximately 500 metres east of Neyagawa Boulevard. Relatively recent residential developments surround the property. 1.2 Historic Context General Area Halton County formed part of the Gore District along with Wentworth from 1783 until 1816 when they became separate counties (Walker and Miles 1877). Halton was divided into four separate townships including Trafalgar, Nelson, Nassawageya and Esquesing. Trafalgar Township was opened for settlement by For the most part the Crown Patents for land in Lots 6 to 22, Concession 2 NDS were issued between (Unterman McPhail Associates 2010). Kings College acquired a few Crown Reserve lots in 1828, and a handful of Crown Patents were issued in the 1840s and late 1850s. Amongst the earliest settlers in the study area were the Biggars, Freemans, Kaittings, Kenneys, Munns, Posts and Sniders.

9 The Stage 1 and 2 Archaeological Assessment of the 393 Dundas Street West Property, City of Oakville Property History Charles Biggar (also spelled Bigger) was one of the earliest settlers in Trafalgar Township and signed a settlement form for the 200-acre property at Lot 19, Concession 1 North of Dundas, Trafalgar Township in 1806 and completed the required clearing, fencing and home building by 1808 when he recent the grant (Trafalgar Township Historical Society 2017) (Map 2). Charles Biggar is listed with 60 acres of cultivated land and 140 acres of uncultivated land in an 1823 assessment of Trafalgar Township (Blair 2012). Charles Biggar sells the north portion of the lot to James Biggar in 1849 but retains the southern portion until his death in Sarah (75) and Jemima Biggar (35) are listed along with John Biggar (51), Sarah Biggar (17) and Ann Petit (17) in a 1-1/2 storey frame house in the 1861 census. Benjamin Tuck, junior, and Mrs Bigger are listed on the lot in the 1862 directory (Warnock 1862). The 1871 census lists Richard and Joseph Cullingworth as tenants of Jemima Biggar. The Trafalgar Township map in the 1877 Illustrated Historical Atlas of Halton County indicates a house in the northeast corner of the study area that is currently in the Shannon s Creek valley (Walker and Miles 1877) (Map 4). A Stage 2 archaeological assessment by Archaeological Services Inc. resulting in the registration of the J. Biggar Site (AiGw-571) has a similar geo-referencing of this map (ASI 2014a: 23). However, Stage 3 excavation of the J. Biggar Site resulted in the conclusion that no in situ nineteenth-century material was recovered and the J. Biggar site was not a bone fide site (ASI 2014b: 7-8). The source of the recovered artifacts and the exact location of the J. Biggar house was left unresolved. In 1888, Miss Jemima Bigger was listed on Lot 19, Concession 1 North of Dundas Street (Union Publishing 1888). She is still listed as the freeholder in 1892, 1895 and 1906 but she dies in 1909 (Union Publishing 1892, 1895, 1906; ). In 1915, Joseph Cullingworth was listed at the house, and he had worked for Jemima Biggar managing the farm (Trafalgar Township Historical Society 1917). A house is illustrated to the northwest of the study area on topographic mapping from 1909 (DMD 1909) (Map 5). It is not clear if this is a more accurate mapping of the shown on 1877 mapping or a new or relocated structure. Topographic mapping from 1931 shows a similar location, and aerial photography from 1934 shows a driveway and possible structure in this area (DND 1931; NAPL 1934) (Maps 6 and 7). The 1934 aerial photograph only shows a tree-lined driveway through the study but may also show fence approximately 25 to the east of the driveway. The fence may have been along the edge of the original slope to Shannon s Creek. The 1954 aerial photograph is less detailed than the 1934 photograph but shows similar structures

10 The Stage 1 and 2 Archaeological Assessment of the 393 Dundas Street West Property, City of Oakville 3 with the addition of new buildings on the adjacent property to the southeast (Map 8). The 1961 topographic map still shows only one building within the study area and a new building on the eastern side of Shannon s Creek (Map 9). The 1961 aerial photograph has the clearer image of the original restaurant and gas bar (Map 10). Shannon s Creek is also clearer and may have been ditched and straightened by the time of this image. The 1974 image also clearly shows the original restaurant and gas bar as well as possible grading between the restaurant and Shannon s Creek (Map 11). The existing restaurant at the adjacent property at 393 Dundas Street West opened in 1988, but the property had been owned by the same family since The original restaurant on the site was named the Country Fare Restaurant. It also had a motel and gas bar (Mitchell 2015). By 1995, the new restaurant is visible (Map 12). The northwest area appears to have additional disturbance by 1999 (Map 13). 1.3 Archaeological Context The study area encompasses an irregularly shaped parcel of land approximately 1.8 hectares in area. There is currently a bungalow and a former restaurant within the study area as well as a large paved parking lot and gravel driveways. The property is located on the north side of Dundas Street West approximately 500 metres east of Neyagawa Boulevard. Relatively recent residential developments surround the property Environmental Setting The property is located in the till plain of the South Slope physiographic region (Chapman and Putnam 1984). The South Slope is described as the southern slope of the interlobate Oak Ridges Moraine and contains a variety of soils (Chapman and Putnam 1984). Through the study area, the South Slope consists of a narrow lobe approximately 6 km wide between the Peel Plain to the north and the Iroquois Plain to the south (Chapman and Putnam 2007). The topography is relatively flat with an elevation between 162 metres in the northeast and 159 metres closer to Dundas Street West. The soils along the roadway include the imperfectly-drained Chinguacousy Clay Loam (Gillespie, Wicklund and Miller 1971; Canada Department of Agriculture 1971). The study area is between Shannon s Creek immediately to the east and Osengo Creek, no more than 160 metres to the west.

11 The Stage 1 and 2 Archaeological Assessment of the 393 Dundas Street West Property, City of Oakville Registered Archaeological Sites A search of the Ministry of Tourism and Culture s archaeological sites database revealed 26 archaeological sites within a one-kilometre radius of the study area (MTCS 2017). Overall, the sites document the occupation of the area by Precontact Indigenous people as well as the nineteenth-century Euro-Canadian settlement of the Trafalgar Township. The only site within 300 metres is the J. Biggar site, AiGw-571. A Stage 2 archaeological assessment by Archaeological Services Inc. resulting in the registration of the J. Biggar Site (AiGw-571) has a similar geo-referencing of this map (ASI 2014a: 23). However, Stage 3 excavation of the J. Biggar Site resulted in the conclusion that no in situ nineteenth-century material was recovered and the J. Biggar site was not a bone fide site (ASI 2014b: 7-8). It was determined from the layers stratigraphic position (as well as the inclusion of red brick and asphalt fragments, slag, charcoal, plastic and gravel in Lot 1), that artifacts saved from Lots 1 and 4 during the controlled surface collection and the excavation of Stage 3 units were within the context of landscape fill. Table 1: Summary of registered archaeological sites within 1-km of the study area. Borden No. Site Name Time Period Affinity Site Type Reference AiGw-203 Proudfoot's Hollow Post-Contact Euro-Canadian Village Triggs 1989 AiGw-209 Pettit Post-Contact Euro-Canadian Homestead ASI 1991 AiGw-213 Descartes Pre-Contact Euro-Canadian Campsite ASI 1991 AiGw-214 Hazelnut Archaic, Late Indigenous Findspot ASI 1991 AiGw-215 Potemkin Pre-Contact Indigenous Campsite ASI 1991 AiGw-216 Acorn Archaic, Early Indigenous Findspot ASI 1991 AiGw-217 Walnut Archaic, Middle Indigenous Findspot ASI 1991 AiGw-218 Levar-Reid Post-Contact Euro-Canadian Homestead ASI 1991 AiGw-219 Oakdene Pre-Contact Indigenous ASI 1991 AiGw-417 Pre-Contact Indigenous ASI 2007 AiGw-418 Pendent Archaic, Middle Indigenous Campsite ASI 2007 AiGw-419 Archaic, Early Indigenous Findspot ASI 2007 AiGw-420 Pre-Contact Indigenous Undetermined ASI 2007 AiGw-448 Finch Post-Contact Euro-Canadian Homestead NDA 2008 AiGw-465 Loyalist Post-Contact Euro-Canadian Homestead ASI 2007 AiGw-466 Kaitting Post-Contact Euro-Canadian Homestead ASI 2007 AiGw-467 Pre-Contact Indigenous Undetermined ASI 2007 AiGw-468 Pre-Contact Indigenous Undetermined ASI 2007 AiGw-469 Woodland, Middle Indigenous Undetermined ASI 2007 AiGw-470 Pre-Contact Indigenous Undetermined ASI 2007 AiGw-471 Trafalgar Post-Contact Euro-Canadian ASI 2007 AiGw-481 Pre-Contact Indigenous Undetermined ASI 2007 AiGw-485 Pre-Contact Indigenous Undetermined ASI 2007 AiGw-486 Archaic, Late Indigenous Undetermined ASI 2007 AiGw-487 Pre-Contact Indigenous Undetermined ASI 2007 AiGw-571 J. Biggar Post-Contact Euro-Canadian Midden/ dumping ASI 2014

12 The Stage 1 and 2 Archaeological Assessment of the 393 Dundas Street West Property, City of Oakville Past Projects A search of the PastPort site report titles using keywords of surrounding streets such as Dundas Street West, and Lot 18-20, Concession 1 in Trafalgar Township recovered the details of five reports of nearby archaeological assessments within 50 metres of the current study area. A Stage 1 assessment of Dundas Street (Regional Road 5) Neyagawa Boulevard to Oak Park Boulevard was conducted in 2006 as part of a Class Environmental Assessment, and no sites were identified on or close to the subject property (ASI 2006). Archaeological Services Inc. conducted a Stage 1 to 3 assessment of the lands to the north and east known as the Pendant lands in 2007 (ASI 2007). The assessment resulted in the discovery and test excavation of the Pendant site, AiGw-418 (ASI 2007). The lands immediately to the east on the opposite side of Shannon s Creek were subject to Stage 2 assessment by Archaeological Services Inc. in 2014 and the newly discovered J. Biggar site, AiGw-571, was subject to Stage 3 excavation (ASI 2014a&b). The northern quarter of Lot 19, Concession 1 N.D.S. was assessed by Archaeological Assessments Limited in 2014 but is just beyond 50 metres. This current study of 393 Dundas Street West was conducted concurrently with a Stage 1 and 2 assessment of 407 Dundas Street West (Murray 2017). This other study borders the north and west side of the current study area. The Stage 2 field assessment recovered 174 artifacts, but only eight percent primarily dated to the nineteenth-century. The assessment also documented intensive and extensive disturbance in the middle of the artifact scatter. Due to the extent of the disturbance and the low frequency of nineteenth-century artifacts, no Stage 3 archaeological assessment was recommended. 2.0 METHODOLOGY 2.1 GIS Methods The existing survey plan was overlaid with nineteenth and twentieth-century mapping using the best available landmarks. The maps were rotated and stretched in both east-west and north-south direction to provide the best fit. 2.2 Field Methods The field assessment was conducted using the Stage 2 assessment methodology following Section Test Pit Survey in the Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists, 2011 on November 23, 2017 (MTCS 2011: 30-32). It was not possible to have any portions of

13 The Stage 1 and 2 Archaeological Assessment of the 393 Dundas Street West Property, City of Oakville 6 the subject ploughed for assessment via pedestrian survey due to trees, buildings and other obstructions. There was also visual indication that most of the study area might be deeply disturbed and ploughing for visual assessment is an inadequate method to evaluate the extent of such disturbances. At no point did the weather and lighting conditions (e.g., snow cover, frozen ground, excessive rain or drought, heavy fog) reduce the ability to identify and document any part of the archaeological subject property. Mapping was carried out using a handheld GPS (CMT March IIe). Point locations were recorded by 120 one-second interval recordings using UTM 17T NAD 83 under clear skies and open canopy. The resulting GPS data was post-processed using Port Weller (PWEL) RINEX base station data downloaded from the CORS Network. Position Dilution of Precision (PDOP) was between 1.6 and 2.1 resulting 2DRMS (Twice the distance root mean square) probability of 95% that the actual point is between.34 and.91 metres. The coordinates generated by the GPS are provided in the supplementary documentation. All photograph locations were also logged by GPS 2.3 Field Assessment The site visit and field assessment was made to the property on November 23, 2017, under overcast conditions and temperatures around +5ºC. The only two areas where extensive disturbances were not discovered were in the northwest and southwest corners of the study area. A combined 2,000m 2 area could not be ploughed and was subject to test pits at five-metre intervals. The area closer to Dundas Street West had sporadic indications of disturbance, but the five-metre test pit interval was maintained (Images 3 and 4). The area in the northwest corner of the study area had the best test pit profiles observed with 30 to 50-cm of medium brown clay loam over yellow-brown clay. All undisturbed test pits were excavated a minimum of five centimetres into the subsoil and the soil screened through 6-mm mesh before backfilling. No archaeological remains were discovered during the test pit assessment at five-metre intervals of these two minimally disturbed areas. Test pit assessment at 20-metre intervals was conducted across 5,900m 2 of the lawn where visual indicators suggested possible disturbance. These indicators included a straight ridge that ran from the western property boundary past the back of the bungalow to the slope to Shannon s Creek (Images 10 and 11). The aerial photographs also suggested disturbances in the northwest and along the west bank of Shannon s Creek (The disturbed test profiles indicated

14 The Stage 1 and 2 Archaeological Assessment of the 393 Dundas Street West Property, City of Oakville 7 deep deposits of clay loam fill and it was not always possible to penetrate through the compacted gravel layers (Images 7, 8 and 9). The 6,340m 2 area around the bungalow, restaurant, paved parking lot and driveways were visually determined to be intensively and extensively disturbed (Maps 8, 10, 11, 12 and 13; Images 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14). The parking area in front of the restaurant was first disturbed during the period when it was a gas bar and restaurant and was subsequently disturbed during the gas bar removal and reconstruction of the restaurant. The low area (3,500m 2 ) around Shannon s Creek along the eastern property limit was considered to have low potential due to wet conditions and was not subject to field test pit assessment. There is both archival and field evidence that the creek has been substantially straightened and altered for flood management (Images 15, 16, 17 and 18). 2.4 Record of Finds Inventory of the Documentary Record The documentary record of the project consists of one GPS track, one GPS mapping file and 44 geo-tagged digital photographs and this report. The documentary record will be stored at the office of until they can be deposited at a long-term storage facility with the approval of the Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport. 3.0 ANALYSIS AND CONCLUSIONS 3.1 Archaeological Potential The proximity to a Shannon s Creek and the proximity to the nineteenth-century house of the Biggar family indicated the potential for precontact, and historic settlement remains before twentieth-century disturbances. The background research indicated that a structure was removed in the 1990s that may have been the original Biggar house just north of the study area. The background research indicated that the areas around the current bungalow and restaurant were developed in the second half of the twentieth-century and subject to secondary development in the 1980s. Eleven percent of the study area was subject to test pits at five-metre intervals without discovering any archaeological remains. Test pits at 20-metre intervals were used to delineate disturbance across 33 percent of the study area. A further 36 percent was visually determined to

15 The Stage 1 and 2 Archaeological Assessment of the 393 Dundas Street West Property, City of Oakville 8 be intensively and extensively disturbed. The remaining 20 percent was the low and wet area around Shannon s Creek which also had partial disturbance. 3.2 Conclusions The Stage 2 field assessment was conducted across the 393 Dundas Street West study area. No archaeological remains were encountered, and no further assessment of the parklands as mapped in Maps 15 and 16 is required.

16 The Stage 1 and 2 Archaeological Assessment of the 393 Dundas Street West Property, City of Oakville RECOMMENDATIONS On the basis of the above information, the following recommendations can be made: 1. The Stage 1 and 2 archaeological assessment of the lands known as 393 Dundas Street West, Town of Oakville has been completed. No archaeological remains were discovered. No further work is required. 5.0 ADVICE ON COMPLIANCE WITH LEGISLATION 1. Advice on compliance with legislation is not part of the archaeological record. However, for the benefit of the proponent and approval authority in the land use planning and development process, the report must include the following standard statements: a. This report is submitted to the Minister of Culture, Tourism and Sport as a condition of licensing in accordance with Part VI of the Ontario Heritage Act, R.S.O. 1990, c The report is reviewed to ensure it complies with the standards and guidelines that are issued by the Minister, and that the archaeological fieldwork and report recommendations ensure the conservation, protection and preservation of the cultural heritage of Ontario. When all matters relating to archaeological sites within the project area of a development proposal have been addressed to the satisfaction of the Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Sport, a letter will be issued by the ministry stating that there are no further concerns with regard to alterations to archaeological sites by the proposed development. b. It is an offence under Sections 48 and 69 of the Ontario Heritage Act for any party other than a licensed archaeologist to make any alteration to a known archaeological site or remove any artifact or other physical evidence of past human use or activity from the site, until such time as a licensed archaeologist has completed archaeological fieldwork on the site, submitted a report to the Minister stating that the site has no further cultural heritage value or interest, and the report has been filed in the Ontario Public Register of Archaeological Reports referred to in Section 65.1 of the Ontario Heritage Act. c. Should previously undocumented archaeological resources be discovered, they may be a new archaeological site and therefore subject to Section 48 (1) of the Ontario Heritage Act. The proponent or person discovering the archaeological resources must cease alteration of the site immediately and engage a licensed consultant archaeologist to carry out archaeological fieldwork, in compliance with sec. 48 (1) of the Ontario Heritage Act. d. The Cemeteries Act, R.S.O c. C.4 and the Funeral, Burial and Cremation Services Act, 2002, S.O. 2002, C.33 (when proclaimed in force) requires that any person discovering human remains must notify the police or coroner and the Registrar of Cemeteries at the Ministry of Government and Consumer Services.

17 The Stage 1 and 2 Archaeological Assessment of the 393 Dundas Street West Property, City of Oakville BIBLIOGRAPHY AND SOURCES Archaeological Assessments Limited 2014b The Stage 1-3 Archaeological Assessment of the Sherborne Lodge Developments Limited Property, Part of Lots 19 & 20, Geographic Township of Trafalgar, Town of Oakville, Halton Region P.I.F. P & P Report on file, Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport, Toronto. Archaeological Services Inc. (ASI) 1998 The Master Plan of Archaeological Resources of the Regional Municipality of Halton. Report on file at the Ministry of Culture, Toronto 2006 Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment Dundas Street (Regional Road 5) Neyagawa Boulevard to Oak Park Boulevard Class Environmental Assessment, Town of Oakville, Regional Municipality of Halton, Ontario Stage 1 and 2 Archaeological Assessment of the Pendent Lands and Stage 3 Archaeological Assessment of the Pendent Site (AiGw-418), Part of Lots 18 & 19, Concession 1 NDS, Formerly in the Township of Trafalgar South, Now in the Town of Oakville, Regional Municipality of Halton. Original report on file with the Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport. PIF P , P , P , P a Stage 1 and 2 Archaeological Assessment of the West Pendent Lands, Part of Lot 19, Concession 1 NDS, Geographic Township of Trafalgar South, County of Halton, Now in the town of Oakville, Regional Municipality of Halton. Original report on file with the Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport, Toronto. PIF P b Stage 3 Archaeological Assessment of the J. Biggar Site (AiGw-571), Part of Lot 19, Concession 1 NDS Geographic Township of Trafalgar South, County of Halton, Now In The Town of Oakville, Regional Municipality Of Halton. PIF P Army Survey Establishment 1961 Oakville Sheet. 30M5gbh. 1:25,000 scale map. Blair, Fred 2012 The 1823 Trafalgar Township Assessment. Transcription from the Oakville Public Library Microfilm by for the Trafalgar Historical Society, October 15, Canada Department of Agriculture 1971 Soil Map of Halton County. Soil Survey Report No.43. Ontario Agricultural College, Guelph, Ontario. Research Branch Chapman, L.J. and D.F. Putnam 1984 Physiography of Southern Ontario, Third Edition. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Ontario Geological Survey, Special Volume Physiography of Southern Ontario; Ontario Geological Survey, Miscellaneous Release-- Data 228. Department of Militia and Defense (DMD) 1909 Topographic Map Ontario Hamilton Sheet

18 The Stage 1 and 2 Archaeological Assessment of the 393 Dundas Street West Property, City of Oakville 11 Department of National Defence (DND) 1931 Topographic Map Ontario Hamilton Sheet. ESRI 2016 WMS delivery of Aerial Imagery. ESRI, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Airbus DS, USDA, AEX, Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN, IGP, swisstopo, and GIS User Community. Gillespie, J.E., R.E. Wicklund, and M.H. Miller 1971 Soil Survey of Halton County. Report No. 43 of the Ontario Soil Survey. Toronto: Canada Department of Agriculture and Ontario Department of Agriculture. Government of Ontario 1990 The Heritage Act RSO Queen s Printer, Toronto Environmental Assessment Act RSO Queen s Printer, Toronto Planning Act SO Queen s Printer, Toronto. Hunting Survey Corporation Limited 1954 Digital Aerial Photographs, Southern Ontario 1954, Accessed through University of Toronto Map Library, Microsoft Bing 2015 Aerial Imagery 2015 Digital Globe Image courtesy of USGS Earthstar Geographics. Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport 2011 Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists. Queen s Printer, Toronto The Archaeology of Rural Historical Farmsteads. A Draft Technical Bulletin for Consultant Archaeologists in Ontario 2017 Sites within a One Kilometre Radius of the Project Area Provided from the Ontario Archaeological Sites Database,15-Nov Mitchell, Bob 2015 It s the end of a dynasty for Dynasi. InsideHalton.com. [online] InsideHalton.com. Available at: [Accessed 7 Nov. 2017]. Murray, Andrew 2017 The Stage 1 and 2 Archaeological Assessment of the 407 Dundas Street West Property, City of Oakville (Part Lot 19, Concession 1 NS, Geo. Twp. Trafalgar, Halton County). Project Information Number P National Air Photo Library (NAPL) 1934 A ; A ; A ;

19 The Stage 1 and 2 Archaeological Assessment of the 393 Dundas Street West Property, City of Oakville 12 Natural Resources Canada (NRC) 2010 National Transportation Series map: 30M/05 Hamilton-Burlington. Downloaded from Toporama Web Map Service. Accessed at: Rayburn, Alan 1997 Place Names of Ontario. University of Toronto Press. Trafalgar Township Historical Society 1914 J.E Cullingworth Family ca1914. [online] Available at: [Accessed 21 Aug. 2017] Ruth Irene Cullingworth in [online] Available at: [Accessed 30 Nov. 2017] Early Ward 5. [online] Available at: [Accessed 21 Aug. 2017]. Town of Oakville 2017 Town of Oakville Open Data Catalogue. Including aerial photography from 1995, 1999, 2002, [online] [Accessed 30-Nov-2017]. Tremaine, George R Tremaine s Map of the County of Halton, Canada West. Published by George C. Tremaine. Union Publishing Co The Union Publishing Co. s Farmers and Business Directory for the Counties of Brant, Haldimand, Halton, Lincoln, Welland & Wentworth Farmers and Business Directory for the Counties of Haldimand, Halton, Lincoln, Welland Farmers and Business Directory for the Counties of Haldimand, Halton, Lincoln, Welland. Volume VIII Farmers and Business Directory for the Counties of Halton, Waterloo and Wellington. Volume XVI. Unterman McPhail Associates 2010 Cultural Heritage Assessment Report Built Heritage & Cultural Heritage Landscapes New North Oakville Transportation Corridor and Crossing Of The Sixteen Mile Creek Class Environmental Assessment Town Of Oakville Halton Region, Ontario. April 2008 (Revised March 2010). Prepared for: AECOM Walker and Miles 1877 Illustrated Historical Atlas of Halton County, Ontario.

20 The Stage 1 and 2 Archaeological Assessment of the 393 Dundas Street West Property, City of Oakville 13 Warnock, Robert 1862 A Sketch of the County of Halton, Canada West Available at: Wilmot, Samuel 1806 Trafalgar Township, District of Gore, Map A.24. Archives of Ontario, I

21 The Stage 1 and 2 Archaeological Assessment of the 393 Dundas Street West Property, City of Oakville IMAGES Image 1: J.E Cullingworth Family outside the Cullingworth house on the Biggar farm (Trafalgar Township Historical Society 1914). Image 2: Ruth Irene Cullingworth at the gate outside the Cullingworth house on the Biggar farm (Trafalgar Township Historical Society 1917).

22 The Stage 1 and 2 Archaeological Assessment of the 393 Dundas Street West Property, City of Oakville Image 3: North view of test pitted area in the southwest corner of the study area. 15 Image 4: Partially disturbed test pit profile in the southwest corner of the study area. Image 5: Intact test pit profile in the northwest corner of Image 6: Intact test pit profile in the northwest corner of the study area. the study area. Image 7: Deeply disturbed test pit profile just south of Image 8: Deeply disturbed test pit profile. area tested at five-metre intervals with crushed gravel at the bottom.

23 The Stage 1 and 2 Archaeological Assessment of the 393 Dundas Street West Property, City of Oakville Image 9: Deeply disturbed test pit profile with crushed gravel at the bottom. Image 10: Artificial slope at the back of the bungalow. Image 11: Artificial slope at east of the bungalow. Image 12: Disturbed driveway and buried services in front of the bungalow. Image 13: Paved driveway at the rear of the former restaurant. Image 14: Paved parking lot in front of the former restaurant. 16

24 The Stage 1 and 2 Archaeological Assessment of the 393 Dundas Street West Property, City of Oakville 17 Image 15: Flood mitigation berm in creek valley. Image 16: Edge of grassed lawn towards Shannon s Creek valley. Image 17: Slope to creek valley. Image 18: Slope to creek valley.

25 The Stage 1 and 2 Archaeological Assessment of the 393 Dundas Street West Property, City of Oakville MAPS Map 1: Location of the 393 Dundas Street West study area (NRC 2010).

26 The Stage 1 and 2 Archaeological Assessment of the 393 Dundas Street West Property, City of Oakville 19 Map 2: Study area on the land patent plan showing Charles Bigger on Lot 19 (1806 Wilmot).

27 The Stage 1 and 2 Archaeological Assessment of the 393 Dundas Street West Property, City of Oakville 20 Map 3: Location of the study area on 1858 map of Halton County showing Charles Bigger property (Tremaine 1860).

28 The Stage 1 and 2 Archaeological Assessment of the 393 Dundas Street West Property, City of Oakville 21 Map 4: 1877 Trafalgar Township map location of study area showing Miss J. Biggar with a house in the northeast of study area (Walker and Miles 1877).

29 The Stage 1 and 2 Archaeological Assessment of the 393 Dundas Street West Property, City of Oakville 22 Map 5: 1909 topographic map showing the house to the northwest corner of study area and creek through the east side of the property (Department of Militia and Defense 1909).

30 The Stage 1 and 2 Archaeological Assessment of the 393 Dundas Street West Property, City of Oakville 23 Map 6: 1931 topographic map showing the house to the northwest corner of study area and creek through the east side of the property (Department of National Defense 1931).

31 The Stage 1 and 2 Archaeological Assessment of the 393 Dundas Street West Property, City of Oakville 24 Map 7: Location of the study area on 1934 aerial photograph with vacant lands and structures to the northwest (NAPL 1934).

32 The Stage 1 and 2 Archaeological Assessment of the 393 Dundas Street West Property, City of Oakville 25 Map 8: 1954 aerial view of the study area showing initial period of disturbances (around A in highway) with an overlay of building points and roads from Ontario Base Map (Hunting Survey Corporation Limited 1954; MNR 2004).

33 The Stage 1 and 2 Archaeological Assessment of the 393 Dundas Street West Property, City of Oakville 26 Map 9: Location of the study area on 1961 topographic map showing new structures (Army Survey Establishment 1961).

34 The Stage 1 and 2 Archaeological Assessment of the 393 Dundas Street West Property, City of Oakville 27 Map 10: Location of the study area on 1961 aerial photograph showing existing bungalow and original restaurant/ gas bar (NAPL 1961).

35 The Stage 1 and 2 Archaeological Assessment of the 393 Dundas Street West Property, City of Oakville 28 Map 11: Location of the study area on 1974 aerial photograph showing expanded parking lot (NAPL 1974).

36 The Stage 1 and 2 Archaeological Assessment of the 393 Dundas Street West Property, City of Oakville 29 Map 12: Location of the study area on 1995 aerial photograph showing new restaurant building (Town of Oakville 1995).

37 The Stage 1 and 2 Archaeological Assessment of the 393 Dundas Street West Property, City of Oakville 30 Map 13: Location of the study area on 1999 aerial photograph showing changes around Shannon s Creek and possible disturbance north of bungalow (Town of Oakville 1999).

38 The Stage 1 and 2 Archaeological Assessment of the 393 Dundas Street West Property, City of Oakville 31 Map 14: 393 Dundas Street West study area with archaeological potential, assessment methods and photograph views (ESRI 2017; Town of Oakville 2017).

39 The Stage 1 and 2 Archaeological Assessment of the 393 Dundas Street West Property, City of Oakville 32 Map 15: 393 Dundas Street West survey plan with archaeological potential, assessment methods and photograph views.

40 The Stage 1 and 2 Archaeological Assessment of the 393 Dundas Street West Property, City of Oakville 33 Map 16: Survey plan for 393 Dundas West study area (50% scale provided by client).