Costal highway E39 Vision, inspiration and challenges

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1 Costal highway E39 Vision, inspiration and challenges Bijan Adl Zarrabi

2 E39 Kristiansand -Trondheim ca 1100 km

3 Beautiful but demanding Project E39 includes 8 bridges/tunnels

4 Gold coast Folketall 1.Jan

5 Travel time in hour Today New connections Shortening 7-9

6 The Norwegian Public Roads Administration (NPRA) has been commissioned to investigate the potential for trade and industry, regional employment and settlement patterns of eliminating all ferries along the western corridor (E39) between Kristiansand and Trondheim. The feasibility study contains four components: 1. Society: likely impacts on national and regional economies, trade and industry, and employment and settlement patterns. 2. Fjord crossings: technological challenges and alternative concepts for crossing the fjords. 3. Energy: how bridge structures can be utilized for power generation from renewable sources such as solar energy, winds, waves and tidal currents. 4. Implementation strategies and types of contracts: the most appropriate and best approaches for implementing and financing a project of this magnitude and complexity.

7 Sognefjord Fjord crossings

8 Boknafjorden: decided to be a 27 km subsea tunnel

9 Boknafjorden: Maximum depth 392 m.

10 Energy production Possible designs - small wind turbines Low height gives low bending moments Possible both on floating - and suspension bridges Ducted turbines possible to mitigate risk from icing Example with small vertical axis wind turbines on floating bridge

11 DAWT-turbines can easily be integrated with suspension bridges in a modular, flexible and industrialised high volume scale = low cost

12 Possible designs - Side mounted solar panels Suitable as shown for bridges with an east/west orientation Panels mounted along entire south side of bridge Typical cross chapters of suspension bridges (above right) give close to optimal tilt angle without major modifications to bridge Other orientations require wings or more elaborated mounting systems to obtain optimal tilt and to avoid shadowing

13 Or a combination of solar and wind power

14 From December 2011 to June 2013 Chalmers helps Norway bridge the fjords June 2013 This is the first time the Norwegian Public Roads Administration has signed this type of long-term agreement with a foreign university.

15 CHALMERS UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Project 5 Infrastructure performance viewer Eco-design support in early design stages and for existing structures Environmental Performance visibility Decision support tool State of the art environmental life cycle inventory for infrastructure materials Basis for an economic life cycle cost assessment (LCCA) NORWEGIAN PUBLIC ROADS ADMINISTRATION

16 CHALMERS UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Project 8 Safe and ice-free bridges using renewable thermal energy sources NORWEGIAN PUBLIC ROADS ADMINISTRATION

17 CHALMERS UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Project 11 The E39 as a renewable European electricity hub ELIN long-term investments EPOD hourly dispatch NORWEGIAN PUBLIC ROADS ADMINISTRATION

18 CHALMERS UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Project 13 Graphene feasibility and foresight study for road infrastructure Roadmap for how graphene can be utilized for Statens Vegvesen and the E39 Coastal Highway Route initiative Graphene-based composites Reinforcement of concrete to increase tensile strength and ductility New and revolutionary structural engineering paradigms Super capacitor based systems for inductive charging of electric vehicles Graphene-based solar panels for production of electricity New sensor systems and new electronics concepts Composites available for R&D needs Composites in XXX road application Proof of concept of sensor platform Sensor in XXX road application NORWEGIAN PUBLIC ROADS ADMINISTRATION

19 CHALMERS UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Project 6 Assessing the sustainability around the E39 infrastructure corridor NORWEGIAN PUBLIC ROADS ADMINISTRATION

20 CHALMERS UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Project 14 Induced urban and regional spatial development from a ferry-free E39 Effects from new European roads between and by-passing Swedish cities: New companies: Between 55,6 % and 30,5 % of all new buildings for companies in all branches of trade in the cities are located within the 1 km zone. Thereof on average 22 % within the 1 minute zone from the road. Urban road investment Trip Generation people and goods Accessibility changes New housing: - 40,5 % single-family and - 24,5 of tenement of the total in the city. Localisation pattern: Housing & companies NORWEGIAN PUBLIC ROADS ADMINISTRATION

21 CHALMERS UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Project 4 Hydromechanical response of transition zones in soft soils NORWEGIAN PUBLIC ROADS ADMINISTRATION

22 CHALMERS UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Project 1 Laser welded sandwich steel elements (ultralight weight) NORWEGIAN PUBLIC ROADS ADMINISTRATION

23 CHALMERS UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Project 2 Durable concrete structures with fibre reinforcement Problem Possible solution Aim Strict crack width limitations Large reinforcement amounts Ultra High Performance Fibre Reinforced Concrete (UHPFRC): self-compacting, high strength, ductile, very low permeability UHPFRC in most vulnerable and exposed parts (e.g. bridge deck, edge beams, etc.) To understand how fibres influence the transport properties and the electrochemical corrosion process in reinforced structures, with respect to chloride induced reinforcement corrosion To provide recommendations with respect to durability and input to service life models for ultra high performance fibre reinforced concrete structures UHPFRC NORWEGIAN PUBLIC ROADS ADMINISTRATION

24 CHALMERS UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Project 7 Corrosion free reinforced concrete NORWEGIAN PUBLIC ROADS ADMINISTRATION

25 CHALMERS UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Project 12 Graphene enhanced concrete Silicate chain Hydroxyl Ca-O layer Graphene Silicate chain NORWEGIAN PUBLIC ROADS ADMINISTRATION

26 CHALMERS UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Project 10 The role of microbiological biofilm communities for degradation of sprayed concrete in subsea tunnels NORWEGIAN PUBLIC ROADS ADMINISTRATION

27 CHALMERS UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Project 9 Constructed stormwater management systems extended to provide biodiversity neutral roads NORWEGIAN PUBLIC ROADS ADMINISTRATION

28 What shall we do now?

29 Thank you for your attention Bijan Adl Zarrabi

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31 Fjord crossings Sognefjord Floating tunnel

32 Sognefjord Floating bridge

33 Pipe bridge

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